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Zhou T, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhou E, Xu C, Shen Y, Zou J, Lu W, Su K, Huang W, Yi H, Yin S. Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:74. [PMID: 39192360 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is a significant global healthcare burden. However, the lack of comprehensive data has impeded our understanding of its global impact. We aimed to examine the burden of TC and its trends at the global, regional, and national levels using data stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age. Data on TC, including incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence rate, mortality, and DALYs trends. The incidence, mortality, and DALYs of TC in 2021 were 249,538 (95% uncertainty interval: 223,290-274,638), 44,799 (39,925-48,541), and 646,741 (599,119-717,357), respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in 2021 was 2.914 (2.607-3.213), with an EAPC of 1.25 (1.14-1.37) compared to 1990. In 2021, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 0.53 (0.47-0.575) and age-standardized DALYs rate was 14.571 (12.783-16.115). Compared with 1990, the EAPCs of ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate showed decreasing trends, at - 0.24 (- 0.27 to - 0.21) and - 0.14 (- 0.17 to - 0.11), respectively. Low SDI regions showed the highest ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, at 0.642 (0.516-0.799) and 17.976 (14.18-23.06), respectively. Low-middle SDI regions had the highest EAPCs for ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, at 0.74 (0.71-0.78) and 0.67 (0.63-0.7), respectively. Females exhibited decreasing trend in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, with EAPCs of - 0.58 (- 0.61 to - 0.55) and - 0.45 (- 0.47 to - 0.42), respectively. In contrast, males showed an increasing trend in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, with EAPCs of 0.41 (0.35-0.46) for both. In high-income regions, most countries with decreased annual changes in deaths experience increasing age-related deaths. Over the past few decades, a notable increase in TC incidence and decreased mortality has been observed globally. Regions characterized by lower SDI, male sex, and an aging population exhibited no improvement in TC mortality. Effective resource allocation, meticulous control of risk factors, and tailored interventions are crucial for addressing these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enhui Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Shaheen N, Abosoudah I, Alshahrani M, Alzahrani M, Essa M, Alahmari B, Mutaher E, Kanfar S, Alsaeed A, Alamoudi S, Monagel D, Marei M, Alzahrani M, Alsultan A, Aljefri A, Masari A, Alsharif O, Alsughayir AH, Hejazi A, Aldaama S, Alaskar A. Hematopoietic cell transplantation and cell therapy activity landscape survey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; a report from the Saudi Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (SSBMT). Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:867-873. [PMID: 38459171 PMCID: PMC11161403 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) activity was surveyed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The overall rate of HCT per 10,000,000 inhabitants doubled every 10 years. 15,031 HCTs were reported by all the functional HCT centers in KSA since inception of HCT program. Out of total HCT 15,031; 10,232(68%) were reported in adults, and 4799(32%) in the pediatric population. Allogeneic HCT constituted 10,489(70%) of total HCT, with majority from Human Leukocyte Antigen matched identical sibling (85.4%). The autologous HCTs were 4542(30%). During the last five years 2018-2022; in total 5164 HCTs were performed, with the majority had allogeneic HCT 3,085(59.74%), followed by the autologous HCT 3085(40.2%). The top three main indications of the autologous HCT were Multiple Myeloma 299(28%), Hodgkin Lymphoma 293(27.8%), and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 212(20%). Hemoglobinopathies 615(27.6%) were mostly indicated for allogeneic HCT, followed by Acute Myeloid Leukemia 433(19.4%), and Precursors Lymphoid Neoplasms 322(14.4%). The HCT activity landscape survey provides the updated current state and trends for HCT in KSA. The reported HCT numbers differ than what was reported by international registries, since not all the cases have been reported. We urge to have a common data hub nationally in order to capture the actual number of cases.
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Dou Z, Shi Y, Jia J. Global burden of disease study analysis of thyroid cancer burden across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412243. [PMID: 38873252 PMCID: PMC11175622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to assess the burden of thyroid cancer over the course of 30 years in 204 countries and territories. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was analyzed to extract information on prevalence, deaths, DALYs(disability-adjusted life-years), YLL(years of life los), YLD(years lived with disability), and their corresponding age-standardized rates at global, regional, and national levels. The primary focus of the study was to examine trends in thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019, specifically looking at the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) for ASPR, ASDR, and ASDR. Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between cancer burden and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Results Globally, there will be approximately 18.3 million thyroid cancer (TC) cases in 2019; China and the USA are projected to be the most significant with 310,327 and 220,711 cases (16.17 and 14.82 cases per 100,000 people, respectively).Over the period from 1990 to 2019, age-standardized prevalence rates exhibited a global rise, whereas deaths and DALYs saw a decrease(EAPC:1.63, -0.15- -0.14, respectively). Significantly, the age-standardized prevalence rate increased in 21 GBD regions, affecting 195 out of 204 countries or territories. Over the studied period, thyroid cancer cases, deaths, and DALYs were consistently higher among females than males. Furthermore, a higher Socio-demographic Index was associated with increased age-standardized prevalence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Dou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Alkofide H, Almalag HM, Alromaih M, Alotaibi L, Altuwaijri N, Al Aloola N, Alsabhan JF, Bawazeer GA, Al Juffali L, Alfaraj R, Alkhudair N, Aljadeed R, Aljadeed R, Alnaim LS. Pharmacovigilance Practices by Healthcare Providers in Oncology: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:683. [PMID: 38931351 PMCID: PMC11206558 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating pharmacovigilance (PV) practices among oncology healthcare providers (HCPs) is crucial for patient safety in oncology settings. This study aimed to assess the awareness, attitudes, and practices towards PV and identify barriers to effective adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting for HCPs working in oncology-related settings. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, we collected data from 65 HCPs, focusing on their experiences with ADR reporting, education on ADR management, and familiarity with PV protocols. The results showed that about half of the responders were pharmacists. Around 58.9% of the respondents reported ADRs internally, and 76.9% had received some form of ADR-related education. However, only 38.5% were aware of formal ADR review procedures. Methotrexate and paclitaxel emerged as the drugs most frequently associated with ADRs. The complexity of cancer treatments was among the common reasons for the low reporting of ADRs by the study participants. The findings highlight the need for enhanced PV education and standardized reporting mechanisms to improve oncology care. We conclude that reinforcing PV training and streamlining ADR-reporting processes are critical to optimizing patient outcomes and safety in oncology, advocating for targeted educational interventions and the development of unified PV guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alkofide
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
- Drug Regulation Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya M. Almalag
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Mashael Alromaih
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lama Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Njoud Altuwaijri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Noha Al Aloola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Jawza F. Alsabhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Ghada A. Bawazeer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lobna Al Juffali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rihaf Alfaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Raniah Aljadeed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rana Aljadeed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lamya S. Alnaim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145111, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.A.); (J.F.A.); (G.A.B.); (L.A.J.); (N.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
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Alajmi A, Almehari A, Alzahrani AR, Aljurays Y, Alzahrani N, Aladel AM, Alzahrani N. Impact of Preoperative Serum Albumin Level on the Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Cureus 2024; 16:e57655. [PMID: 38707022 PMCID: PMC11070141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal malignancy surgeries are known to have a risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative nutritional status has been suggested as a potential predictor of postoperative outcomes, with low serum albumin levels utilized as a marker of malnutrition and increased risk of postoperative complications. This paper investigated the association between preoperative serum albumin levels and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods This retrospective data-maintained study was based on all patients aged 18 years and above who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2022. Results A total of 400 patients were included in the study. With an average age of 64.43 years. Males represented 254 (63%) of the patients, while females accounted for 146 (37%). Thirty percent of patients had hypoalbuminemia (i.e., albumin level below 35 g/L) before surgery. Among the sample, 112 (28%) experienced complications after surgery. The mean albumin level for patients who experienced postoperative complications was 30.46 g/L while patients without complications had a normal albumin level. As for the length of hospital stay, it was eight days for patients with a normal albumin level and 23 days for hypoalbuminemia patients. Conclusion In conclusion, preoperative hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor patient outcomes and can be utilized as a prognostic marker for patients in need of colorectal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alajmi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah Almehari
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali R Alzahrani
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Yazeed Aljurays
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nawaf Alzahrani
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Nayef Alzahrani
- General Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
- General Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Aljawadi MH, Alkhudair N, Alrasheed M, Alsuhaibani AS, Alotaibi BJ, Almuqbil M, Alhammad AM, Arafah A, AlGahtani FH, Rehman MU. Understanding the Quality of Life Among Patients With Cancer in Saudi Arabia: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241263013. [PMID: 38870396 PMCID: PMC11179550 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241263013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer patients' quality of life (QoL) significantly influences treatment response and mortality rates. Understanding QoL domains among patients with cancer and what affects it can help create interventions that improve QoL and ease patients' experience. This study measures the OoL among patients with cancer and influencing factors. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included cancer patients aged >18 currently receiving treatment. The questionnaire collected social and economic data, followed by the validated Arabic version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30). Means and standard deviations for described numeric variables and frequencies and percentages described categorical variables. Analysis of variance, F-tests, and P-values were reported. RESULTS Among 182 cancer patients, 60% were female. Younger patients exhibited higher QoL in physical and role functioning (P = .016 and .03) and experienced more significant financial impact (P = .0144). Females reported more adverse effects from cancer symptoms, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and pain (36.7% vs 25.5%, P = .005; 20.6% vs 11.5%, P = .0186; 34.7% vs 25.1%, P = .0281). Single patients had superior QoL in physical functioning compared to others (P = .0127). Patients traveling long distances were more likely to face adverse financial consequences (P = .007). Asthmatic patients exhibited lower QoL in physical, role, and cognitive functioning (72.3 vs 37.8, P = .0147; 76.4 vs 22.2, P = .0024; 84.7 vs 44.4, P = .0038) and reported increased dyspnea and appetite loss (16 vs 55.6 and 26.1 vs 66.7, both P < .05). CONCLUSION Factors influencing QoL in Saudi cancer patients include age, marital status, gender, hospital distance, and chronic conditions. Thus emphasizing the necessity for personalized care strategies to enhance outcomes and alleviate the overall burden of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Aljawadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Alrasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alsuhaibani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basil J Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azhar Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farjah H AlGahtani
- Department of internal Medicine, King Saud University College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jammah AA, AlSadhan IM, Alyusuf EY, Alajmi M, Alhamoudi A, Al-Sofiani ME. The American Thyroid Association risk stratification and long-term outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer: a 20-year follow-up of patients in Saudi Arabia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256232. [PMID: 38047113 PMCID: PMC10690932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported differing factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We aimed to describe our 20 years of experience in the management of thyroid cancer (TC) and identify predictors of treatment outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients with TC seen in the Thyroid Center at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between the years 2000 and 2020. Demographic and clinical data including pathological characteristics were collected. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification was determined for all patients at the postoperative period as well as the response to therapy at the final follow-up visit. Results A total of 674 patients (mean age: 47.21 years) with TC, 571 (84.7%) of which were women, were included. There were 404 (60.0%) patients with ATA low risk, 127 (18.8%) with intermediate risk, and 143 (21.2%) with high-risk histology. Overall, 461 patients (68.4%) had an excellent response to treatment, 65 (9.6%) had an indeterminate response, 83 (12.3%) had a biochemical incomplete response, and 65 (9.6%) had a structural incomplete response. Patients who had an excellent response were mostly ATA low risk (n = 318 of 431, 68.1%), whereas 40 of 65 patients (61.5%) of those with ATA high-risk histology had a structural incomplete response to treatment. There were significantly more women who had an excellent response compared with men. Obesity, lymphovascular invasion, and size of the tumor were significant predictors of worse outcomes to therapy. Conclusion Tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and obesity are strong predictors of a worse response to therapy among patients with TC. Patients with obesity should be carefully followed up regardless of their risk stratification in light of the recent compelling evidence associating obesity with thyroid cancer and its higher risk of a worse disease outcome. ATA risk stratification is well correlated with patient long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali Jammah
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed AlSadhan
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mubarak Alajmi
- Internal Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhamoudi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhhazmi AA, Almutawif YA, Mumena WA, Alhazmi SM, Abujamel TS, Alhusayni RM, Aloufi R, Al-Hejaili RR, Alhujaily R, Alrehaili LM, Alsaedy RA, Khoja RH, Ahmed W, Abdelmohsen MF, Mohammed-Saeid W. Identification of Gut Microbiota Profile Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Population. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5019. [PMID: 37894386 PMCID: PMC10605194 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression. This study aims to analyze the gut microbiota composition and the enriched metabolic pathways in patients with late-stage CRC. In this study, a cohort of 25 CRC patients diagnosed at late stage III and IV and 25 healthy participants were enrolled. The fecal bacterial composition was investigated using V3-V4 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, followed by clustering and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analyses. A cluster of ortholog genes' (COG) functional annotations and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to identify enrichment pathways between the two groups. The findings showed that the fecal microbiota between the two groups varied significantly in alpha and beta diversities. CRC patients' fecal samples had significantly enriched populations of Streptococcus salivarius, S. parasanguins, S. anginosus, Lactobacillus mucosae, L. gasseri, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Aerococcus, Family XIII_AD3001 Group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alistipes, Ralstonia, and Pseudomonas (Q < 0.05). The enriched pathways identified in the CRC group were amino acid transport, signaling and metabolism, membrane biogenesis, DNA replication and mismatch repair system, and protease activity (Q < 0.05). These results suggested that the imbalance between intestinal bacteria and the elevated level of the predicated functions and pathways may contribute to the development of advanced CRC tumors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the exact role of the gut microbiome in CRC and its potential implications for use in diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A. Alhhazmi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Yahya A. Almutawif
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Walaa A. Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaima M. Alhazmi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba M. Alhusayni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Raghad Aloufi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Razan R. Al-Hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Rahaf Alhujaily
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lama M. Alrehaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Ruya A. Alsaedy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Rahaf H. Khoja
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Wassal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdelmohsen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Oncology Department, King Fahd Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
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Aljuhani WS, Alanazi AM, Edrees AO. Single bone forearm reconstruction of proximal ulna metastatic lesion: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108259. [PMID: 37148724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Colorectal cancer rarely metastasizes to the bones, and if so, metastasis usually occurs in the axial skeleton. We encountered a rare case of a metastatic lesion to the right ulna arising from colonic adenocarcinoma that was treated by resection of the proximal ulna and radial neck-to-humerus trochlea transposition to salvage the limb. CASE PRESENTATION A 60-year-old man previously diagnosed with colonic adenocarcinoma presented with a single bony metastatic lesion in the right proximal ulna and was referred to our clinic for assessment. After five sessions of systemic therapy, the lesion continued to grow, causing diffuse swelling and loss of elbow range of motion. Local x-rays revealed extensive destruction of the proximal ulna and soft tissue component, with subluxation of the radial head. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extensive lesion involving the proximal half of the ulna and a large soft tissue component. After restaging, only this metastatic lesion was found. Amputation was offered to the patient for wide margin resection, but the patient refused; therefore, we performed resection of the proximal ulna, debulking of soft tissue, and radial neck-to-humerus trochlea transposition to salvage the limb. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Due to the rarity of the location, no clinical standard exists regarding the surgical treatment. Radial neck-to-humerus trochlea transposition is a valid surgical reconstruction technique to salvage the limb and preserve the hand function. CONCLUSION Radial neck-to-humerus trochlea transposition is an alternative elbow reconstruction technique after proximal ulna resection in cases where other options are not ideal or contraindicated. Long-term studies are recommended to assess different surgical options for treating and reconstructing proximal ulnar tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazzan S Aljuhani
- Department of Surgery, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alanazi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed O Edrees
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alshamsan B, Suleman K, Agha N, Abdelgawad MI, Alzahrani MJ, Elhassan T, Al-Tweigeri T, Ajarim D, Alsayed A. Association Between Obesity and Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:373-384. [PMID: 35309953 PMCID: PMC8926012 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s343558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is prevalent in Saudi Arabia and is associated with adverse clinical features and poor breast cancer (BC) outcomes. We determined the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and evaluated its association with disease characteristics and outcomes in women with non-metastatic BC. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients treated for non-metastatic BC between 2002 and 2014. Patients were categorized into the following groups: underweight/normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Regression analysis was used to evaluate clinicopathological factors associated with BMI and clinical stage. Results A total of 2212 patients were enrolled. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39–52 years), and the median BMI was 30 kg/m2 (IQR, 26–34 kg/m2). Most patients were premenopausal (63.6%), nearly half of the patients had stage III disease, and 11.2% were screen-detected. The prevalence of obesity was 53.4%, with a significant difference between the peri/premenopausal (49.4%) and postmenopausal (61.7%) groups (p < 0.001). Obese patients were more likely to be aged >40 years, be postmenopausal, have a history of oral contraceptive pills, have advanced-stage disease, and have undergone radiation therapy, and were less likely to have human epithelial growth factor 2 (HER2)+ disease than non-obese patients. Premenopausal obese women had fewer hormone receptor-positive and more triple-negative cancers than postmenopausal obese women did. Obesity, non-screening-detected BC, and HER+ status were independent prognostic factors for advanced-stage presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and its significant association with advanced BC justify the upscaling of screening services and instituting weight-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kausar Suleman
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naela Agha
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Marwa I Abdelgawad
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mashari J Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adher Alsayed
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Alshamsan B. Trends of cancer incidence in Qassim Region, a descriptive analysis of data from the Saudi Cancer registry 2002-2016. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:21-31. [PMID: 36101847 PMCID: PMC9441648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of the study was to describe cancer incidence in the Qassim region and compare it with the national incidence rate for all reported cancer sites over 15-years (2002-2016). Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted using the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) data. The annual percentage change (APC) was computed using Joinpoint regression software. Results The Qassim region contributed to 4.3% (n = 6118) of the total cancer burden in Saudi Arabia (SA). Cancer incidence increased throughout the study period; however, it did not reach statistical significance. The age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 persons was higher in females 68.8 (95% CI: 60.2-77.3) than in males 57.0 (95% CI: 51.9-62.12), P < 0.001. Since 2011, colon and rectal cancers have replaced non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and liver cancer as the leading cancer types among men. In women, the breast is the leading cancer type, and since 2014, the colon and uterus replaced the thyroid and NHL as the second and fourth-most common cancers. ASR of nasopharyngeal, esophageal, and Hodgkin's lymphoma were significantly higher in Qassim as compared to SA. The following cancer types showed significant APC (2002-2016): in males; colon: APC = 7.3%, rectum: APC = 6.1%, bone: APC = 8.3%, and esophageal: APC -5.1%. In females; breast: APC = 6%, colon: APC = 7.2%, uterus: APC = 10.1%, kidney: APC = 15.3%, bone: APC = 8.1%, skin non-melanoma: APC = -8.1%, and myeloid leukemia: APC -14.2%. Conclusion The significant changes in cancer incidence in Qassim warrant further studies on the risk factors and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Department of Medicine, Qassim Medical College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Bader Alshamsan, Department of Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box: 6655 Airport Mail 51432, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +9660506123866. E-mail:
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12
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Bao WQ, Zi H, Yuan QQ, Li LY, Deng T. Global burden of thyroid cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2494-2503. [PMID: 34355519 PMCID: PMC8447914 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the burden of thyroid cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories during 30 years. Methods We extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs), and the attributable risk factors of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). We also examined the associations between cancer burden and the sociodemographic index (SDI). Results The global new cases, death, and DALYs of thyroid cancer in 2019 were 233 847 (95% UI: 211 637–252 807), 45 576 (95% UI: 41 290‐48 775), and 1 231 841 (95% UI: 1 113 585–1 327 064), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of thyroid cancer showed an upward trend (EAPC = 1.25), but ASMR (EAPC = −0.15) and ASDR (EAPC = −0.14) decreased. The burden of thyroid cancer varied at regional and national levels, but the association between ASIR and SDI was positive. We found that the burden of thyroid cancer was mainly concentrated in females and that the age of onset tended to be younger. The proportion of DALYs from thyroid cancer attributable to high body‐mass index was higher in high SDI regions, especially in males. Conclusions The global incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase in the past three decades. The high body‐mass index as an important risk factor for thyroid cancer deserves greater attention, especially in high SDI regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Bao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yuan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tong Deng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Kussaibi HA. Correlation of prognostic and predictive indicators in breast cancer patients from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:293-298. [PMID: 33632908 PMCID: PMC7989269 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.3.20200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To highlight and correlate demographic and histopathological features of breast cancer along with prognostic and predictive biomarkers, in Saudi patients from the Eastern Province and compare it to a cohort of non-Saudi patients. METHODS In a retrospective study between January 1998 and December 2017, data were collected from the medical records of breast cancer patients who were admitted at King Fahd University Hospital (KFHU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The information included demographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. RESULTS Out of 482 breast cancer patients, 60% (n=286) were Saudis, and 40% (n=196) were non-Saudis. Data showed a wide age distribution; however, most cases (80%) were seen in the third through fifth decades, with a median age at diagnosis of 51 ±12 years. Over years, breast cancer in Saudi patients was increasingly seen at a younger age (p=0.003). While tumors were increasingly detected at earlier stages (p=0.003); however, stage III & IV tumors (p=0.033) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressed tumors (p=0.035) were more frequently seen at a younger age. Interestingly, these associations were not significant in non-Saudi patients. CONCLUSION Although, the current findings might help future studies to identify variables that could lead to better management of breast cancer in this region; however, a wider investigation including other centers in the eastern province is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A. Kussaibi
- From the Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Haitham A. Kussaibi, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-0768
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Sindi IA, Babalghith AO, Tayeb MT, Mufti AH, Naffadi H, Ekram SN, Elhawary EN, Alenezi M, Elhawary NA. Risk of Colorectal Carcinoma May Predispose to the Genetic Variants of the GST, CYP450, and TP53 Genes Among Nonsmokers in the Saudi Community. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1311-1323. [PMID: 33883929 PMCID: PMC8055278 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s294802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents a considerable public health burden in Saudi Arabia. Several candidate genes and genetic variants have been associated with morbidity and mortality among patients with CRC. We explored whether allelic variants of the GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP450 (rs4646903 and rs1048943), and TP53 (rs1042522) genes predisposed nonsmoking Saudi individuals to increased risk for CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA from buccal cells of 158 participants (80 with CRC and 78 healthy controls) were analyzed for five SNPs using conventional PCR and TaqMan genotyping assays. The SNPStats software was utilized to choose the best interactive inheritance mode for selected SNPs (https://www.snpstats.net). RESULTS The mean age of diagnosis was 62.4±13.5 years (range, 40-83 years), with those aged 71-80 years and those aged 40-50 years accounting for the most diagnoses (35.7% and 28.6% of diagnosis, respectively). The GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 SNPs were associated with CRC (OR= 3.7; P< 0.0001, and OR= 1.6; P= 0.033, respectively). A plausible contribution to CRC was observed for the GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 SNPs (x 2 Yates= 14.7; P= 0.00013, and x 2 Yates= 11.2; P= 0.0008, respectively), while the GSTT1 null variant did not affect risk. Heterozygosity in the CYP450 (rs4646903 and rs1048943 SNPs) was associated with a significant risk for CRC. The GSTM1/GSTT1 and CYP450 rs4646903/rs1048943 SNP pairs were in linkage disequilibrium, and the associations were statistically significant (P= 0.01 and P= 4.6x10‒7, respectively). CONCLUSION The GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 variants can increase the development of CRC in Saudi nonsmokers. Even the presence of one copy of a variant allele in the CYP1A1 gene can predispose CRC risk. Additional studies should also examine other SNP combinations with lifestyle factors that may help prevent, rather than facilitate, colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas A Sindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Ikhlas A Sindi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia Email
| | - Ahmed O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Tayeb
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Mufti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Naffadi
- Common Science, First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar N Ekram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Abdullah City Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldin N Elhawary
- MS Genomic Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October Modern Sciences and Arts University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Munaifah Alenezi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Nasser A Elhawary Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 55 369 2180 Email
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15
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Almatroudi A. The Incidence Rate of Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:977-990. [PMID: 33149661 PMCID: PMC7605625 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s277272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and its incidence, as well as mortality rate, is increasing globally. In this paper, the epidemiological analysis of CRC which includes colon cancer (CC) and rectum cancer (RC) is done among the Saudi Arabian population based on the registered cases in the Saudi cancer registry between 2006 and 2016. The study describes the crude incidence rates (CIRs) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of colorectal cancer by year of diagnosis, age group, and administrative regions to explore the spread, distribution, trend, and factual state of the disease in Saudi Arabia. Methodology For statistical analysis of data, t-test, sex ratio, descriptive statistics, and Kruskal–Wallis were done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS). A total of 7849 and 5164 of colorectal cancer and rectum cancer cases were reported from January 2006 to December 2016, respectively. Results Results displayed that CRC is more frequent in males than females and have a high mean number and percentage in the old age group (60–75 and above). Riyadh (for CC and RC), Makkah (CC), and Eastern Province (RC) showed the highest mean CIR and ASIR for males. The highest CIR sex ratio was calculated in Jouf and Madinah for CC whereas Qassim, Jazan, and Tabuk were calculated highest for RC. Highest ASIR sex ratio reported in Jouf (CC) and Tabuk (RC). Lowest CIR and ASIR among males were reported in Baha (CC) and northern region (RC). In females, the highest mean CIR and ASIR were reported in Riyadh (CC and RC) and Makkah (CC). Lowest CIR and ASIR among females were reported in Jazan in both CC and RC. Conclusion Regions of Eastern Province, Northern Region, and Jouf showed the most significant changes of CIRs and ASIRs for both cancers, whereas the least significant change was reported in Jazan from 2006 to 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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