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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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Tapia-Martínez J, Franco-Colín M, Ortiz-Butron R, Pineda-Reynoso M, Cano-Europa E. Hypothyroid offspring replacement with euthyroid wet nurses during lactation improves thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:199-207. [PMID: 31066757 PMCID: PMC10522202 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the milk quality effect during lactation on the metabolic and thyroid programming of hypothyroid offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: euthyroid and thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism. The rats were matted and, one day after birth, the pups were divided into three groups: euthyroid offspring (EO), hypothyroid offspring (HO) and hypothyroid with a euthyroid replacement wet nurse (HRO). During lactation, the milk quality and offspring body length were evaluated. The body weight and energy intake were determined on a weekly basis, as well as the metabolic profile at the prepubertal (P35-36) and postpubertal (P55-56) ages. At P56, the animals were sacrificed, the adipose tissues were weighed and the thyroid glands were dissected for histological processing. RESULTS The milk of the hypothyroid wet nurse decreases proteins (16-26%), lipids (22-29%) and lactate (22-37%) with respect to euthyroid. The HO has a lower body weight gain (23-33%), length (11-13%) and energy intake (15-21%). In addition, HO presents impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia, as well as a reduction in seric thyroid hormone (18-34%), adipose reserves (26-68%) and thyroid gland weight (25-34%). The HO present thyroid gland cytoarchitecture alteration. The HRO develop the same metabolic alterations as the HO. However, the thyroid gland dysfunction was partially prevented because the HRO improved under about 10% of the serum thyroid hormone concentration, the thyroid gland weight although histological glandular changes presented. CONCLUSIONS The replacement of hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid wet nurse during lactation can improve the thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tapia-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita Franco-Colín
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Butron
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marisol Pineda-Reynoso
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de Formación Básica DisciplinariaEscuela Superior de MedicinaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoAcademía de Histología, Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Superior de Medicina. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Instituto Politécnico NacionalDepartamento de FisiologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen G, Mao X, Wei X, Li X, Xu Y, Jiang F, Wang K, Liu C. Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4713906. [PMID: 30918900 PMCID: PMC6409023 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4713906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because thyroid hormones from the maternal thyroid glands are known to influence the growth, development, and metabolic functioning of offspring, we used a rat model to preliminarily investigate the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose metabolism, pancreas cell proliferation, and insulin production in young male offspring and the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Female rats were divided into a maternal hypothyroidism (MH) group, which received water containing 0.02% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil before and during pregnancy to induce hypothyroidism, and a control group which consumed tap water. RESULTS Our results showed that there were no differences of islets structure between the offspring from the two groups, but glucose metabolism was impaired with higher plasma glucose concentrations at 0 and 15 min in the OGTT in 8-week-old offspring of the MH group. From birth to 8 weeks, pancreatic TRβ1 and TRβ2 mRNA level declined significantly in MH offspring, accompanied by decreased Ki67 and insulin mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hypothyroidism results in impaired pancreatic insulin synthesis and pancreatic cell proliferation in neonatal offspring and subsequent glucose intolerance in young offspring, which may be related to TRβ gene downregulation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujun Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Endocrine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- The Third College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Wang J, Mao X, Wei X, Li X, Ma X, Liu C, Wang K. The Adverse Effects of Thyrotropin Absence on Pancreatic β Cell Function in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9536032. [PMID: 31179344 PMCID: PMC6501250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9536032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin (TSH) is a modulator of glucose metabolism by binding to its receptor on pancreatic cells. We used thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) knockout mice (Tshr -/-) as a model of TSH deletion to study its function in pancreatic β cells. Tshr -/- mice had a similar body weight at birth compared with Tshr +/+ mice, but grew at a significantly slower rate until adulthood with adequate thyroxine supplementation. TSH deletion led to lower fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin secretion impairment, and atrophy of islets in adult mice. Transcription factors and markers of pancreatic β cell maturation, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Glut2, and insulin, together with cell proliferation marker Ki67 showed no differences at the mRNA level between the two groups. However, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was remarkably elevated in Tshr -/- mice at both mRNA and protein levels. We hypothesized that pancreatic cell apoptosis, rather than abnormal cell proliferation and maturation, is associated with pancreatic dysfunction and glucose intolerance in the absence of TSH modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianghua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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Effect of Subclinical and Overt Form of Rat Maternal Hypothyroidism on Offspring Endochondral Bone Formation. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism in its overt form affects skeletal development of the offspring, but these data are not available for the subclinical form which is becoming very frequent among pregnant women. We hypothesized that the subclinical form of hypothyroidism in rat dams, infl uences the process of offspring endochondral ossifi cation affecting proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts in pups. Seven-day-old male pups (n=18) derived from control dams and dams treated with a low dose (1.5 mg/L) or high dose (150 mg/L) of propylthiouracil in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation were used. Histomorphometric analysis of pups’ tibia proximal growth plate, expression of mRNA, immunohistochemical and histochemical visualization of extracellular matrix components was performed. The length of the tibia was reduced in hypothyroid pups. Secretion of type 2 and 10 collagens in the subclinical and overt form were lower while the amount of glycosaminoglycans was higher when compared with controls. Down-regulated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase mRNA indicated altered osteoclasts function while lower expression of dentin matrix acid protein-1 mRNA and reduced synthesis of type 1 collagen accentuated a compromised bone formation in the overt form of hypothyroidism. The subclinical form of maternal hypothyroidism had a negative effect on the differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes and calcifi ed cartilage removal in 7-day-old pups. In addition, overt hypothyroidism had a negative effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes and deposition of osteoid. Both forms of hypothyroidism resulted in a decrease of tibia length due to changes in growth plate formation.
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Bagheripuor F, Ghanbari M, Piryaei A, Ghasemi A. Effects of fetal hypothyroidism on uterine smooth muscle contraction and structure of offspring rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:683-692. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripuor
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Chen C, Xie Z, Shen Y, Xia SF. The Roles of Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone in Pancreas: Physiology and Pathology. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2861034. [PMID: 30013597 PMCID: PMC6022313 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2861034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that thyroid hormones (THs), secreted from the thyroid, play important roles in energy metabolism. It is also known that THs also alter the functioning of other endocrine glands; however, their effects on pancreatic function have not yet been reviewed. One of the main functions of the pancreas is insulin secretion, which is altered in diabetes. Diabetes, therefore, could be related to thyroid dysfunction. Earlier research on this subject focused on TH regulation of pancreas function (such as insulin secretion) or on insulin function through TH-mediated increase of energy metabolism. Afterwards, epidemiological investigations and animal test research found a link between autoimmune diseases, thyroid dysfunction, and pancreas pathology; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that THs also play important roles in pancreas development and on islet pathology, both in diabetes and in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, an overview of the effects of thyroid and THs on pancreas physiology and pathology is presented. The topics contained in this review include a summary of the relationship between autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pancreas lesions and the effects of THs on pancreas development and pancreas pathology (diabetes and pancreatic cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue 475004, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Fang Xia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Maternal hypothyroidism: An overview of current experimental models. Life Sci 2017; 187:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yousefzadeh N, Jeddi S, Ghiasi R, Alipour MR. Effect of fetal hypothyroidism on MyomiR network and its target gene expression profiles in heart of offspring rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:179-187. [PMID: 28660410 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal life (fetal hypothyroidism) causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal hypothyroidism (FH) could attenuate normal cardiac functions in the later life of the offspring rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of myomiR network and its target gene expression in cardiac dysfunction in fetal hypothyroid rats. Six Pregnant female rats were divided into two groups: Control consumed tap water, and the hypothyroid group received water containing 0.025% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil during gestation. Hearts from male offspring rats in adulthood (month 3) were tested with Langendorff apparatus for measuring hemodynamic parameters. Expressions of miR-208a, -208b, and -499 and its target genes including thyroid hormone receptor 1 (Thrap1), sex-determining region Y-box 6 (Sox6), and purine-rich element-binding protein β (Purβ) were measured by qPCR. FH rats had lower LVDP (%20), +dp/dt (%26), -dp/dt (%20), and heart rate (%21) than controls. FH rats at month 3 had a higher expression of β-MHC (190%), Myh7b (298%), and lower expression of α-MHC (36%) genes in comparison with controls. FH rats at month 3 had a higher expression of miR-499 (520%) and miR-208b (439%) and had lower expression of miR-208a (74%), Thrap1 (47%), Sox6 (49%), and Purβ (45%) compared with controls. Our results showed that thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal life changes the pattern of gene expression of myomiR network and its target genes in fetal heart, which, in turn, resulted in increased β-MHC expression and associated cardiac dysfunction in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Samadi R, Ghanbari M, Shafiei B, Gheibi S, Azizi F, Ghasemi A. High dose of radioactive iodine per se has no effect on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. Endocrine 2017; 56:399-407. [PMID: 28283939 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid concentrates radioactive iodine by sodium-iodide symporter; this is used for treating hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Pancreas expresses NIS and radioactive iodine uptake may damage pancreatic beta-cells and predispose patients to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether radioactive iodine is associated with glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/each); control, thyroidectomized, thyroidectomized-treated with 131-I (TX+I), and thyroidectomized-treated with 131-I and L-thyroxine (TX+I+T4). At the end of study, serum fasting glucose, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free tetraiodothyronine were measured, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was calculated. In in vitro experiments, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and sodium-iodide symporter mRNA expression in thyroid and islets were determined. RESULTS Compared to control group, free tetraiodothyronine was lower by 41 and 77% and thyroid-stimulating hormone was higher by 36 and 126% in thyroidectomized and TX+I groups, respectively. Compared to controls, rats in TX+I group had glucose intolerance as assessed using the area under curve of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (12,376 ± 542 vs. 20,769 ± 1070, P < 0.001) and L-thyroxine replacement therapy restored the value (14,286 ± 328.24) to near normal. Fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were comparable in all groups, however fasting glucose was higher in TX+I group. In in vitro experiments, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Radioactive iodine therapy per se had no effect on glucose metabolism, just intensified thyroid hormone deficiency and the alterations on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. L-thyroxine therapy restored the glucose intolerance observed in radioactive iodine-treated thyroidectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaieh Samadi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shafiei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Safayee S, Karbalaei N, Noorafshan A, Nadimi E. Induction of oxidative stress, suppression of glucose-induced insulin release, ATP production, glucokinase activity, and histomorphometric changes in pancreatic islets of hypothyroid rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:147-156. [PMID: 27568837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have important role in metabolism and impairment of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion has been shown in hypothyroid rats but the exact mechanisms for this defect are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on oxidative stress parameters, insulin secretory pathway and histomorphometric changes of pancreas. In the isolated islets of the control and methimazole -treated hypothyroid insulin secretion and content, ATP production, Glucokinase, and hexokinase specific activity and kATP and L-type channels sensitivity were assayed. In order to determine oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were measured in pancreatic homogenates. Histomorphometric changes and histochemistry of the islet in both groups were compared. Results showed that plasma glucose and insulin concentration and their area under the curve during IPGTT in hypothyroid group were respectively higher and lower than the controls. In the hypothyroid islets, glucose stimulated insulin secretion, ATP production, hexokinase and glucokinase activities were decreased. Hypothyroid induced a significant increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Compared with the control group, insulin antibody positivity, the total volume of the pancreas, islets, and the total number as well as the mean volume of the beta cells were also significantly decreased in the hypothyroid group. These findings indicate that oxidative stress produced under hypothyroidism could have a role in progression of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, reduced beta cell mass and decreased glucokinase activity, impairing glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Safayee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Karbalaei N, Noorafshan A, Hoshmandi E. Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reduced β-cell mass in pancreatic islets of hyperthyroid rats. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1114-27. [PMID: 27060234 DOI: 10.1113/ep085627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Thyroid dysfunction can have a major impact on pancreatic function. The influence of hyperthyroidism on insulin secretion remains controversial, and the precise mechanism of its effect has not yet been elucidated. What is the main finding and its importance? The results of this study demonstrate that hyperthyroidism leads to impaired insulin secretion. It appears that the defect in insulin secretion in the hyperthyroid state probably reflects a summation of different alterations, including decreased sensitivity of ATP-sensitive K(+) and L-type Ca(2+) channels of the β-cells and reduced β-cell mass. To clarify the mechanism underlying the effect of thyroid hormone excess on pancreatic insulin secretion and abnormal glucose tolerance induced by hyperthyroidism, we investigated the effect of hyperthyroidism on the pancreatic β-cell mass and two key components of the insulin secretory pathway, ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP ) and L-type Ca(2+) channels. In control and levothyroxine-treated hyperthyroid rats, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, and the insulin secretion and content of the isolated islets were assayed. In order to determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on KATP and L-type Ca(2+) channels, isolated islets were exposed to specific pharmacological agents, including glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker), diazoxide (KATP channel opener) and nifedipine (L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker). Histomorphometric changes and histochemistry of the islet in both groups were compared. Our data indicated that plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in the hyperthyroid group were, respectively, higher and lower than in the control group. Insulin secretion and content of the hyperthyroid islets were reduced. The response of hyperthyroid islets to glibenclamide, diazoxide and nifedipine and the percentage change in insulin secretion were lower than those of the control islets. Despite the increase in weight and total volume of the pancreas, the volume of the islets and the total number of insulin-positive cells in hyperthyroid rats were reduced. Our data indicated that reduced insulin secretion in the hyperthyroid group might arise from reduced β-cell mass and an abnormality in some parts of the insulin secretory pathway, including KATP and L-type Ca(2+) channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karbalaei
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hoshmandi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Effect of fetal hypothyroidism on tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion injury in aged male rats: Role of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ghanbari M, Jeddi S, Bagheripuor F, Ghasemi A. The effect of maternal hypothyroidism on cardiac function and tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in offspring male and female rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:915-22. [PMID: 25823371 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence indicates that intrauterine evolution disturbance can contribute to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury; in addition, thyroid hormones (THs) have a crucial role in the development of different systems during fetal life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TH deficiency during fetal life on tolerance of isolated heart to ischemia during adulthood in both genders. METHODS Hypothyroidism was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by administrating 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water throughout pregnancy. Offspring of rats with maternal hypothyroidism (MH) and control groups were tested in adulthood. Isolated hearts were perfused with Langendorff setup and exposed to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Baseline values of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), and peak rates of positive and negative changes in left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt) were recorded. RESULTS In the MH groups the baseline levels of LVDP (male: 23 %, female: 33 %), HR (male: 31 %, female: 26 %), and ±dp/dt were significantly (p < 0.01) lower, compared to controls. After ischemia, hearts from male rats with MH had less tolerance to IR injury as assessed in terms of reductions in recovery of hemodynamic parameters compared to controls, while in female rats there were no significant differences between MH and controls. CONCLUSIONS MH decreases hemodynamic parameters in the heart of both male and female offspring in adulthood; in addition, hearts of male rats with MH show less tolerance to ischemia, compared to those of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
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Godini A, Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S. The Possible Mechanisms of the Impaired Insulin Secretion in Hypothyroid Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131198. [PMID: 26132582 PMCID: PMC4488449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the insulin secretion deficit in hypothyroid male rats has been documented, the underling mechanisms of the effect of hypothyroidism on insulin secretion are not clear. Isolated islets of the PTU-induced hypothyroid and control rats were exposed to glibenclamide, acetylcholine, and nifedipine in the presence of glucose concentrations of 2.8 or 8.3 and 16.7 mmol/L. Glucokinase and hexokinase specific activity, glucokinase content, and glucose transporter 2 protein expression were also determined in the isolated islets. Isolated islets from the hypothyroid rats showed a defect in insulin secretion in response to high glucose. In the presence of glibenclamide or acetylcholine, the isolated islets from the hypothyroid and control rats stimulated by glucose concentration of 16.7 mmol/L secreted similar amounts of insulin. In the presence of glucose concentrations of 8.3 mmol/L and 16.7 mmol/L, nifedipine was able to diminish insulin secretion from isolated islets of both groups, indicating that probably the defect may not arise from L type calcium channels or the steps beyond depolarization or the elements involved in the acetylcoline signaling pathway. Glucokinase content and hexokinase specific activity were also the same in the control and hypothyroid groups. On the other hand, glucokinase specific activity and glucose transporter 2 protein expression were significantly (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) lower in the islets isolated from the hypothyroid rats (6.50 ± 0.46 mU/min/mg protein and 0.55 ± 0.09 arbitrary unit) compared to the controls (10.93 ± 0.83 mU/min/mg protein and 0.98 ± 0.07 arbitrary unit) respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that hypothyroidism reduced insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets, which confirms the finding of the previous studies; in addition, the insulin secretion deficit observed in hypothyroid rats may arise from the abnormalities in some parts of the glucose sensor apparatus of the pancreatic islets including glucokinase activity and glucose transporter 2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliashraf Godini
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Saleh Zahediasl
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bagheripuor F, Ghanbari M, Zahediasl S, Ghasemi A. Comparison of the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in male and female rat offspring. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:179-85. [PMID: 25649149 PMCID: PMC10717632 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital for survival of mammalian species and play critical roles in growth, development, and metabolism. Both fetal hypothyroidism and sex can affect carbohydrate metabolism during adult life. This study aims to assess carbohydrate metabolism in male and female offspring born from mothers who were hypothyroid during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups; the controls consumed water and the hypothyroid group received water containing 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracial throughout gestation. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg glucose) was carried out in 3-month-old offspring. Findings showed that compared to controls, male fetal hypothyroid rats during adulthood had glucose intolerance (area under the curve: 446.4 ± 9.7 vs. 486.4 ± 8.8, p < 0.01 in control and fetal hypothyroid groups, respectively) whereas females had improved glucose tolerance (478.1 ± 7.0 vs. 455.9 ± 8.5, p < 0.01). In conclusion, sex could modulate the effects of fetal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripuor
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Zahediasl
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khalifi S, Rahimipour A, Jeddi S, Ghanbari M, Kazerouni F, Ghasemi A. Dietary nitrate improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in an animal model of hyperglycemia. Nitric Oxide 2014; 44:24-30. [PMID: 25461274 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production and bioavailability contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Administration of nitrate has strong NO-like outcomes in both animals and humans. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary nitrate on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: controls (C), control+nitrate (CN), diabetes (D), and diabetes+nitrate (DN). For 8 weeks, the CN and DN groups consumed sodium nitrate (100 mg/L in drinking water) while the C and D groups consumed tap water. Serum nitrate+nitrite (NOx), glucose, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured before and at the end of the study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every 10 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at the end of the study. Serum NOx decreased in diabetic rats and dietary nitrate restored it to normal values. Increases in serum glucose levels was significantly lower in the DN group compared to the D group (24.1% vs. 90.2%; p < 0.05). Nitrate therapy in diabetic rats significantly improved lipid profile, glucose tolerance (AUC: 20264 ± 659 vs. 17923 ± 523; p < 0.05 for D and DN groups respectively) and restored elevated SBP to normal values. Diabetic rats had lower TAC and CAT activity and dietary nitrate restored these to normal status. In conclusion, dietary nitrate prevented increase in SBP and serum glucose, improved glucose tolerance and restored dyslipidemia in an animal model of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Khalifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Karbalaei N, Ghasemi A, Hedayati M, Godini A, Zahediasl S. The possible mechanisms by which maternal hypothyroidism impairs insulin secretion in adult male offspring in rats. Exp Physiol 2013; 99:701-14. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular & Molecular Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Aliashraf Godini
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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