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Santos FA, Viana AFSC, Nunes PIG, Portela BYM, Alves APNN, Viana DDA, Carvalho KR, Pereira RDCA, Ribeiro PRV, Alves-Filho EG, de Brito ES, Silveira ER, Canuto KM. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic approach and gastroprotective effect of two chemotypes of Egletes viscosa (L.) less. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116348. [PMID: 36894109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Egletes viscosa (L.) (macela) is a native wild herb that can be found in different states of northeastern Brazil. The infusions of its flower buds are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. E. viscosa possesses two chemotypes (named A and B), distinguishable by the composition of the essential oil from the flower buds. Although there are previous studies of the gastroprotective effect of the isolated constituents of E. viscosa, its infusions have not been investigated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical composition and the gastroprotective effect of flower bud infusions of E. viscosa from chemotype A (EVCA) and chemotype B (EVCB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen infusions were brewed with flower buds according to the traditional preparation mode and were analyzed through a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomic approach for determination of their metabolic fingerprints and quantification of bioactive compounds. Afterward, these data were analyzed by chemometric methods (OPLS-DA) for discrimination of the two chemotypes. Additionally, infusions of EVCA and EVCB (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated on gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol (96%, 0.2 mL, p.o.) in mice. To elucidate the gastroprotective mechanisms, the effect of EVCA and EVCB on gastric acid secretion and gastric wall mucus was determined and the role of TRPV1 channels, prostaglandins, nitric oxide and KATP channels were assessed. Moreover, the oxidative stress-related parameters and the histological aspects of the stomach tissue were analyzed. RESULTS The chemotypes can be discriminated from each other using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS chemical fingerprints. Both chemotypes presented similar chemical compositions, consisting basically of caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids and diterpenes. The quantification of bioactive compounds demonstrated that chemotype A possesses more ternatin, tanabalin and centipedic than chemotype B. EVCA and EVCB (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased the severity of ethanol-induced gastric lesions, as shown by a reduction in histological alterations and leucocyte infiltration in gastric tissue. The gastroprotective mechanism of both infusions involves an antioxidant effect, maintenance of gastric mucus and reduction gastric secretion. Stimulation of endogenous prostaglandins and nitric oxide release, activation of TRPV1 channels, and KATP channels are also involved in the gastroprotection of the infusions. CONCLUSION The gastroprotective effect of EVCA and EVCB was equivalent and mediated through antioxidant and antisecretory actions, including the activation of TRPV1 receptors, stimulation of endogenous prostaglandins and nitric oxide, and opening of KATP channels. The presence of caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids and diterpenes in both infusions is involved in mediating this protective effect. Our findings support the traditional use of infusions of E. viscosa for gastric disorders regardless of the chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Yago Machado Portela
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Dental Clinic Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Kaline Rodrigues Carvalho
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Abstract
The contemporary scientific community has presently recognized flavonoids to be a unique class of therapeutic molecules due to their diverse therapeutic properties. Of these, rutin, also known as vitamin P or rutoside, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. Tea leaves, apples, and many more possess rutin as one of the active constituents. Today, rutin has been observed for its nutraceutical effect. The present review highlights current information and health-promoting effects of rutin. Along with this, safety pharmacology issues and SAR of the same have also been discussed.
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Takayama C, de-Faria FM, de Almeida ACA, Valim-Araújo DDAEO, Rehen CS, Dunder RJ, Socca EAR, Manzo LP, Rozza AL, Salvador MJ, Pellizzon CH, Hiruma-Lima CA, Luiz-Ferreira A, Souza-Brito ARM. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of essential oil from Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Lamiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:147-155. [PMID: 21396435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) is being used in traditional medicine to treat fever, inflammation and gastric disturbances. Hyptis spicigera Lam. is a native plant distributed across the central region of Brazil. The essential oil extracted from this plant is used in folk medicine as antipyretic. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Hyptis spicigera (OEH) were evaluated for their gastroprotective and healing activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS OEH chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The gastroprotective action of the OEH was evaluated in rodent experimental models (ethanol and NSAID). To elucidate mechanisms of action, the antisecretory action and involvements of NO, SH, mucus and PGE2 were evaluated. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model and Western Blot assay (COX-2 and EGF) were also used to evaluate the OEH healing capacity. RESULTS GC-MS analysis of OEH indicated three monoterpenes as major compounds: alpha-pinene (50.8%), cineole (20.3%) and beta-pinene (18.3%) and, at the dose of 100 mg/Kg, p.o., OEH provided effective gastroprotection against lesions induced by absolute ethanol (97%) and NSAID (84%) in rats. OEH do not interfere with H+ secretion in gastric mucosa and its gastric protection does not depend on nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds (SH). The gastroprotective action of OEH occurs due to an increase in the gastric mucus production (28%) induced by PGE2 levels. Furthermore, OEH demonstrated a great healing capacity with 87% of reduction in ulcerative lesion area. It accelerated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric lesions due to an increase in COX-2 (75%) and EGF (115%) expression in gastric mucosa. No sign of toxicity was observed in this study, considering the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS All these results suggest the efficacy and safety of Hyptis spicigera in combating and healing gastric ulcer. Considering the results, it is suggested that the OEH could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new phytotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Takayama
- Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biology Institute, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Effects of limonene and essential oil from Citrus aurantium on gastric mucosa: Role of prostaglandins and gastric mucus secretion. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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USUI H. Effect of Acetyl Salicylic Acid and Cetraxate on Human Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow: Clinical Application of Laser Doppler Measurement. Dig Endosc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.1995.tb00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko USUI
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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6
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Sweeney KJ, Faolain MO, Gannon D, Gorey TF, Kerin MJ. Surgical management of perforated peptic ulcer disease. Ir J Med Sci 2006; 175:50-4. [PMID: 16872030 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for perforated peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common emergency procedures carried out in the western world. The role of postoperative empiric Helicobacter Pylori eradication therapy is controversial. METHODS The clinical, operative and postoperative surveillance details of 84 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for perforated peptic ulcer were reviewed. RESULTS All patients underwent omentopexy +/- simple closure followed by proton pump therapy. Patients were followed-up for an average of 44 +/- 19 months. Females were older than male patients (59 +/- 20 vs. 46 + 17 years; p<0.05), presented with symptoms of a longer duration (17.9 +/- 16 vs. 8.9 +/- 9 hours; p=0.045) and had a higher mortality rate (18% vs 3%; p<0.05). Seventy-nine per cent of patients received postoperative empiric Helicobacter Pylori eradication therapy. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for perforated peptic ulcer is associated with a significant perioperative mortality rate. Elderly female patients are particularly at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Sweeney
- Dept of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin.
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Chen SH, Liang YC, Chao JCJ, Tsai LH, Chang CC, Wang CC, Pan S. Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3746-50. [PMID: 15968732 PMCID: PMC4316028 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats.
METHODS: Female Wistar albino rats were used for the studies. We randomly divided the rats for each study into five subgroups: normal control, experimental control, and three experimental groups. The gastric ulcers were induced by instilling 1 mL 50% ethanol into the stomach. We gave GbE 8.75, 17.5, 26.25 mg/kg intravenously to the experimental groups respectively 30 min prior to the ulcerative challenge. We removed the stomachs 45 min later. The gastric ulcers, gastric mucus and the content of non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), c-Jun kinase (JNK) activity in gastric mucosa were evaluated. The amount of gastric juice and its acidity were also measured.
RESULTS: The findings of our study are as follows: (1) GbE pretreatment was found to provide a dose-dependent protection against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats; (2) the GbE pretreatment afforded a dose-dependent inhibition of ethanol-induced depletion of stomach wall mucus, NP-SH contents and increase in the lipid peroxidation (increase MDA) in gastric tissue; (3) gastric ulcer induced by ethanol produced an increase in JNK activity in gastric mucosa which also significantly inhibited by pretreatment with GbE; and (4) GbE alone had no inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.
CONCLUSION: The finding of this study showed that GbE significantly inhibited the ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. We suggest that the preventive effect of GbE may be mediated through: (1) inhibition of lipid peroxidation; (2) preservation of gastric mucus and NP-SH; and (3) blockade of cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsuan Chen
- Department and Research Center of Gastroenterology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, China.
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Natale G, Lazzeri G, Lubrano V, Colucci R, Vassalle C, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Del Tacca M. Mechanisms of gastroprotection by lansoprazole pretreatment against experimentally induced injury in rats: role of mucosal oxidative damage and sulfhydryl compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 195:62-72. [PMID: 14962506 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective actions exerted by lansoprazole against experimental gastric injury. Following the intraluminal injection of ethanol-HCl, the histomorphometric analysis of rat gastric sections demonstrated a pattern of mucosal lesions associated with a significant increase in the mucosal contents of malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (indices of lipid peroxidation), as well as a decrease in the levels of mucosal sulfhydryl compounds, assayed as reduced glutathione (GSH). Pretreatment with lansoprazole 90 micromol/kg, given intraduodenally as single dose or once daily by intragastric route for 8 days, significantly prevented ethanol-HCl-induced gastric damage. The concomitant changes in the mucosal levels of malondialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) and GSH elicited by ethanol-HCl were also counteracted by lansoprazole. In separate experiments, performed on animals undergoing 2-h pylorus ligation, lansoprazole did not enhance the concentration of prostaglandin E(2), bicyclo-prostaglandin E(2), or nitric oxide (NO) metabolites into gastric juice. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of both type 1 and 2 cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the gastric mucosa of pylorus-ligated rats. These expression patterns were not significantly modified by single-dose or repeated treatment with lansoprazole. Lansoprazole also exhibited direct antioxidant properties by reducing 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) generation in an in vitro system where human native low-density lipoproteins were subjected to oxidation upon exposure to CuSO(4). The present results suggest that the protective effects of lansoprazole can be ascribed to a reduction of gastric oxidative injury, resulting in an increased bioavailability of mucosal sulfhydryl compounds. It is also proposed that lansoprazole does not exert modulator effects on the gastric expression of COX isoforms as well as on the activity of NO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the mechanism of pathologic capillary leak in the critically ill patient. DESIGN Review of normal and altered physiology of the microvasculature. Review of recent literature describing pathogenesis, mediators, and interventions influencing capillary leak and microvascular repair. SETTING In vitro and in vivo studies, the latter including animal and human subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Capillary leak with resultant edema develops in the critical care setting on the basis of perturbations in Starling's equation, primarily as a result of increased capillary permeability to larger molecules. This process is most likely fueled by inflammatory mediators or mechanical stress. Attempts to prevent or treat this process remain largely unsuccessful; resuscitation is more often symptomatic than therapeutic. Models of microvascular repair focus on discrete injury and may not be applicable to the recovery of capillary damage secondary to a systemic leak CONCLUSIONS Our understanding of capillary leak syndrome remains fragmented and weighted toward specific mediators contributing to the leak. The implications of extensive edema and the mechanism by which it resolves continue to be the subject of speculation rather than study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda S Fishel
- Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
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10
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Alnadjim Z, Kayali Z, Haddad W, Holmes EW, Keshavarzian A, Mittal N, Ivancic D, Koehler R, Goldsmith D, Waltenbaugh C, Barrett TA. Differential Effects of T-Cell Activation on Gastric and Small Bowel Permeability in Alcohol-Consuming Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Prostaglandins play an important role in modulation of various physiologic processes in the small intestine. In this review, the involvement of prostaglandins in various small-intestinal functions including small-intestinal secretion, mucosal protection, epithelial and endothelial barrier function, and motility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mohajer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, DVA Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, USA
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12
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Kinoshita M, Igarashi S, Kume E, Saito N, Arakawa K. Fasting induces impairment of gastric mucosal integrity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (db/db) mice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14:359-66. [PMID: 10735931 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diabetic patients often have gastrointestinal complications, the gastric mucosal function in diabetes has not been well documented. AIM To investigate the effect of fasting on the gastric mucosa in C57BL/KsJ-db +/+ db (db/db) mice, genetically non-insulin-dependent diabetic animals. METHODS Blood glucose levels, gastric mucosal morphology, and the amount of gastric mucin were examined before and after 18 h of fasting with free access to water in db/db mice and their non-diabetic littermates (db/m). RESULTS Although 18 h of fasting reduced the blood glucose levels of both db/db and db/m mice, fasting decreased the amount of gastric adherent mucin and caused haemorrhagic gastric lesions only in db/db mice. After fasting, oral administration of ethanol induced much more severe gastric damage in db/db than in db/m mice. The above fasting-induced gastric damage such as haemorrhagic lesions, loss of the mucin, and the increased sensitivity to ethanol worsened as the duration of diabetes became longer. Glucose ingestion in drinking water during the fasting counteracted the fall in blood glucose and prevented the decrease in the amount of gastric mucin and the formation of gastric mucosal lesions in db/db mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that fasting-induced glucose deficit causes gastric mucosal lesions and increases the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to noxious agents owing to the loss of mucus glycoprotein in db/db mice. Prolonged diabetes is likely to augment the severity of fasting-induced impairment of the gastric mucosal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kinoshita
- Discovery Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co. Ltd, Japan.
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13
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Antiulcer and Gastroprotective Activity of Flavonic Compounds: Mechanisms Involved. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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14
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Tomikawa M, Wang H, Jones MK, Sugimachi K, Sarfeh IJ, Tarnawski AS. Reduced adrenomedullin expression in gastric mucosa of portal hypertensive rats after ethanol-induced injury. Ann Surg 1999; 230:38-44. [PMID: 10400034 PMCID: PMC1420842 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199907000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and localization of adrenomedullin (AM) and its receptor (AM-R) in portal hypertensive (PHT) gastric mucosa after intragastric ethanol administration. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The repair of gastric mucosal injury requires reestablishment of the microvascular network. The authors previously demonstrated impaired angiogenesis of PHT gastric mucosa after ethanol-induced injury. Because AM, a potent vasodilatory peptide, is also a novel growth and angiogenic factor, the authors hypothesized that AM is involved in the impaired repair of PHT gastric mucosa and its microvasculature after damage. METHODS Either PHT or sham-operated rats received intragastrically 100% ethanol, and the stomachs were excised at 1, 6, and 24 hours later. Expression and localization of AM and AM-R mRNA were examined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. AM protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS One hour after ethanol administration, AM mRNA expression in PHT gastric mucosa was significantly decreased by 81%, especially in the superficial mucosa, compared with the gastric mucosa in sham-operated rats. The significant decrease lasted for 24 hours. AM protein expression was significantly decreased by 43% compared with the sham-operated gastric mucosa. Although AM-R mRNA expression in both groups was significantly increased 1 hour after ethanol administration and lasted for 24 hours compared with baseline, there were no differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The expression of AM in PHT gastric mucosa after ethanol-induced injury is significantly decreased compared with controls. This finding could explain one mechanism for the impaired angiogenesis after injury of PHT gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tomikawa
- Department of Surgery, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
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15
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Abstract
Prostaglandins prevent gastrointestinal mucosal injury and promote healing following mucosal injury by various noxious agents. Preservation or repair of microvascular function appears to be crucial in these processes. The processes involved in prostaglandin-mediated repair and preservation of endothelial function are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of prostaglandins on endothelial paracellular barrier function using the filter-grown bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers. Endothelial paracellular barrier function as assessed using a paracellular marker, mannitol. Prostaglandin analogs 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) caused an enhancement of endothelial monolayer paracellular barrier function as evidenced by a dose-dependent decrease in endothelial paracellular permeability. DMPGE2 induced enhancement of endothelial paracellular barrier function correlated directly with increasing intracellular cAMP levels. Agents which increase intracellular cAMP levels at different stages of cAMP amplification cascade including phosphodiesterase inhibitor (3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine [IBMX]), membrane permeable cAMP (8-bromo cAMP), and adenylate cyclase activators (isoproterenol and forskolin) also produced enhancement in endothelial paracellular barrier function. DMPGE2 enhancement of paracellular barrier function correlated with dense accumulation of actin microfilaments near the intercellular junctions. IBMX, isoproterenol, forskolin, and 8-bromo cAMP also produced similar changes in endothelial actin microfilaments. Cytochalasin B prevented the DMPGE2 enhancement of paracellular barrier function. Indomethacin (INDO), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, caused a dose-dependent increase in endothelial paracellular permeability. Pharmacologic doses of INDO resulted in condensation and disruption of actin microfilaments with formation of large paracellular openings or gaps between the adjacent cells. Pretreatment of endothelial monolayers with DMPGE2 prevented INDO-induced disturbance of actin microfilaments and paracellular barrier function. IBMX, isoproterenol, forskolin, and 8-bromo cAMP also prevented INDO-induced changes in actin microfilaments and paracellular barrier function. These findings indicate that DMPGE2 has a paracellular barrier enhancing effect on filter-grown endothelial monolayers. This effect appears to be mediated through intracellular cAMP and actin microfilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Ma
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
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Ford J, Martin SW, Houston JB. Assessment of intestinal permeability changes induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1995; 34:9-16. [PMID: 7496048 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(94)00074-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability was investigated as an alternative to intestinal ulceration for measuring nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) gut damage in the rat and developed as a method for routine measurement. NSAID dose-response curves produced using the two indices of damage showed that intestinal permeability is as sensitive and reproducible as ulceration, although changes could not be detected before visible ulceration occurred. Lactulose, [51Cr]-EDTA and [14C]-carboxyinulin were compared as possible in vivo markers of rat intestinal permeability. Measurement of [51Cr]-EDTA permeation was found to be the most sensitive and reproducible method. Dose-response curves produced by measuring [51Cr]-EDTA permeation were used to compare the potency of the two NSAIDs piroxicam and (S+) ibuprofen; piroxicam was found to be 10 times more potent in increasing intestinal permeability than (S+)-ibuprofen. These studies show that intestinal permeability measurement is a useful alternative to other methods of assessing NSAID adverse effect and is easily and rapidly performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ford
- Pharmacy Department, University of Manchester, UK
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Carpenter HA, Talley NJ. Gastroscopy is incomplete without biopsy: clinical relevance of distinguishing gastropathy from gastritis. Gastroenterology 1995; 108:917-24. [PMID: 7875496 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H A Carpenter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Preedy VR, Marway JS, Siddiq T, Ansari FA, Hashim IA, Peters TJ. Gastrointestinal protein turnover and alcohol misuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993; 34:1-10. [PMID: 8174497 DOI: 10.1016/0376-8716(93)90040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic ethanol ingestion causes a variety of pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, including gross morphological lesions and functional changes. We review whether these alterations also include changes in protein turnover, to explain the frequently observed villus atrophy and smooth muscle myopathy. The possibility that different regions of the gastrointestinal tract express diverse sensitivities is explored. Acute ethanol dosage profoundly reduced the synthesis of proteins in proximal regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract, but distal regions were less affected. In response to chronic ethanol exposure, similar regional sensitivities of the intestine were observed. In chronic studies the small intestine effects were characterised by selective losses of RNA, principally from the stomach and jejunum. We speculate whether the effects on protein synthesis were primarily due to ethanol or the consequence of acetaldehyde formation. We also determined whether changes in protein synthesis occurred secondary to alterations in nucleotide composition. The possible mediation by free-radical formation or impaired antioxidant status are also discussed. The overall results indicate that both acetaldehyde and ethanol are potent protein synthetic inhibitors and may contribute to the genesis of intestinal myopathy, possibly contributing towards motility disturbances and secondary malnutrition via malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Preedy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Tabuchi Y, Kawarabayashi K, Komada T, Furuhama K. Protective effect of DS-4574 on gastric mucosal injury induced by acidified ethanol in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 250:197-9. [PMID: 7907021 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We compared the protective effect of DS-4574, a peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist with mast cell stabilizing action, on rat gastric mucosal injury induced by acidified ethanol to that of LY171883, a selective peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist. Oral treatment with DS-4574 (1-10 mg/kg) or LY171883 (100 and 300 mg/kg) markedly suppressed this mucosal necrosis. Moreover, DS-4574 (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited both mucosal edema and degranulation of mucosal mast cells. LY171883 (300 mg/kg) protected only from mucosal edema, but not degranulation of mucosal mast cells. These results suggest that DS-4574 possesses protective actions against gastric injury including the reduction of degranulation of mucosal mast cells, which are different from those of LY171883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tabuchi
- Exploratory Research Laboratories III, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Tabuchi Y, Kurebayashi Y. Antisecretory and antiulcer effects of ebselen, a seleno-organic compound, in rats. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1993; 61:255-7. [PMID: 8483303 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.61.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-on), a metal-containing organic compound, on gastric secretion and gastric ulceration were examined in rats. Intraduodenal ebselen (30 to 300 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. Both aspirin- and water-immersion restraint stress-induced ulcers were significantly prevented by oral administration of ebselen at doses equivalent to the antisecretory doses. These results indicate that the antisecretory effect of ebselen underlies its antiulcer effect in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tabuchi
- Exploratory Research Laboratories III, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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