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Assari S. Racial Differences in Biopsychosocial Pathways to Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among Youth. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02035-8. [PMID: 38807026 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on youth tobacco and marijuana use is recognized; however, the extent of these effects varies among different racial groups. Understanding the racial differences in the factors influencing substance use is crucial for developing tailored interventions aimed at reducing disparities in tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents. AIMS This study aims to explore the differential effects of socioeconomic disparities and multidimensional stressors on tobacco and marijuana use between Black and White adolescents. METHODS Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, this research includes a cohort of pre-youth, monitored from the age of 9-10 years for a period of up to 36 months. We examined the impact of various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and multidimensional stressors, including trauma, financial stress, racial discrimination, and family stress, alongside baseline average cortical thickness and the subsequent initiation of tobacco and marijuana use over the 36-month follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 10,777 participants entered our analysis. This included 8263 White and 2514 Black youth. Our findings indicate significant differences in the pathways from SES indicators through stress types to cortical thickness between Black and White youths. Notably, cortical thickness's impact on the future initiation of tobacco and marijuana use was present in both groups. CONCLUSION The study suggests that compared to White adolescents, Black adolescents' substance use and associated cortical thickness are less influenced by stress and SES indicators. This discrepancy may be attributed to the compounded effects of racism, where psychosocial mechanisms might be more diminished for Black youth than White youth. These findings support the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns rather than the cumulative disadvantage or double jeopardy hypothesis, highlighting the need for interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Trevisan N, Di Camillo F, Ghiotto N, Cattarinussi G, Sala M, Sambataro F. The complexity of cortical folding is reduced in chronic cocaine users. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13268. [PMID: 36825487 PMCID: PMC10078524 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use is a worldwide health problem with psychiatric, somatic and socioeconomic complications, being the second most widely used illicit drug in the world. Despite several structural neuroimaging studies, the alterations in cortical morphology associated with cocaine use and addiction are still poorly understood. In this study, we compared the complexity of cortical folding (CCF), a measure that aims to summarize the convoluted structure of the cortex between patients with cocaine addiction (n = 52) and controls (n = 36), and correlated it with characteristics of addiction and impulsivity. We found that patients with cocaine addiction had greater impulsivity and showed reduced CCF in a cluster that encompassed the left insula and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and in one in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex. Finally, the CCF in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with the age of onset of cocaine addiction and with attentional impulsivity. Overall, our findings suggest that chronic cocaine use is associated with changes in the cortical surface in the fronto-parieto-limbic regions that underlie emotional regulation and these changes are associated with earlier cocaine use. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to unravel the association of these changes with the diathesis for the disorder and with the chronic use of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Trevisan
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Camillo
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Niccolò Ghiotto
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sala
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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3
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McVoy M, Chumachenko S, Briggs F, Kaffashi F, Loparo K. A Predictive Biomarker Model Using Quantitative Electroencephalography in Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:460-466. [PMID: 36251778 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: With evolving understanding of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, demand for biomarkers for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents has grown dramatically. This study utilized quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to develop a predictive model for adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that youth with MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs) could be differentiated using a singular logistic regression model that utilized qEEG data alone. Methods: qEEG data and psychometric measures were obtained in adolescents aged 14-17 years with MDD (n = 35) and age- and gender-matched HCs (n = 14). qEEG in four frequency bands (alpha, beta, theta, and delta) was collected and coherence, cross-correlation, and power data streams obtained. A two-stage analytical framework was then used to develop the final logistic regression model, which was then evaluated using a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Within the initial analysis, six qEEG dyads (all coherence) had significant predictive values. Within the final biomarkers, just four predictors, including F3-C3 (R frontal) alpha coherence, P3-O1 (R parietal) theta coherence, CZ-PZ (central) beta coherence, and P8-O2 (L parietal occipital) theta power were used in the final model, which yielded an ROC area of 0.8226. Conclusions: We replicated our previous findings of qEEG differences between adolescents and HCs and successfully developed a single-value predictive model with a robust ROC area. Furthermore, the brain areas involved in behavioral disinhibition and resting state/default mode networks were again shown to be involved in the observed differences. Thus, qEEG appears to be a potential low-cost and effective intermediate biomarker for MDD in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McVoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Serhiy Chumachenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Farren Briggs
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Farhad Kaffashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Loparo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Wang Z, Rodriguez-Moreno DV, Cycowicz YM, Amsel LV, Cheslack-Postava K, He X, Ryan M, Geronazzo-Alman L, Musa GJ, Bisaga A, Hoven CW. Shapes of subcortical structures in adolescents with and without familial history of substance use disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2759-2770. [PMID: 35393707 PMCID: PMC9120549 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that intergenerational transmission of risk for substance use disorder (SUD) manifests in the brain anatomy of substance naïve adolescents. While volume and shapes of subcortical structures (SSS) have been shown to be heritable, these structures, especially the pallidum, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, have also been associated with substance use disorders. However, it is not clear if those anatomical differences precede substance use or are the result of that use. Therefore, we examined if volume and SSS of adolescents with a family history (FH+) of SUD differed from adolescents without such a history (FH−). Because risk for SUD is associated with anxiety and impulsivity, we also examined correlations between these psychological characteristics and volume/SSS. Using structural MRI and FSL software, we segmented subcortical structures and obtained indices of SSS and volumes of 64 FH+ and 58 FH− adolescents. We examined group differences in volume and SSS, and the correlations between volume/SSS and trait anxiety and impulsivity. FH+ adolescents had a significant inward deformation in the shape of the right anterior hippocampus compared to FH− adolescents, while the volume of this structure did not differ between groups. Neither shape nor volume of the other subcortical structures differed between groups. In the FH+ adolescents, the left hippocampus shape was positively correlated with both trait anxiety and impulsivity, while in FH− adolescents a negative correlation pattern of SSS was seen in the hippocampus. SSS appears to capture local anatomical features that traditional volumetric analysis does not. The inward shape deformation in the right anterior hippocampus in FH+ adolescents may be related to the known increased risk for behavioral dysregulation leading to SUD in FH+ offspring. Hippocampus shape also exhibits opposite patterns of correlation with anxiety and impulsivity scores across the FH+ and FH− adolescents. These novel findings may reveal neural correlates, not captured by traditional volumetric analysis, of familial transmission of increased vulnerability to SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishun Wang
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana V Rodriguez-Moreno
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yael M Cycowicz
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence V Amsel
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Ryan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lupo Geronazzo-Alman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - George J Musa
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Bisaga
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina W Hoven
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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5
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van Rooij D, Zhang-James Y, Buitelaar J, Faraone SV, Reif A, Grimm O. Structural brain morphometry as classifier and predictor of ADHD and reward-related comorbidities. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869627. [PMID: 36172513 PMCID: PMC9512052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, and around two-thirds of affected children report persisting problems in adulthood. This negative trajectory is associated with high comorbidity with disorders like obesity, depression, or substance use disorder (SUD). Decreases in cortical volume and thickness have also been reported in depression, SUD, and obesity, but it is unclear whether structural brain alterations represent unique disorder-specific profiles. A transdiagnostic exploration of ADHD and typical comorbid disorders could help to understand whether specific morphometric brain changes are due to ADHD or, alternatively, to the comorbid disorders. In the current study, we studied the brain morphometry of 136 subjects with ADHD with and without comorbid depression, SUD, and obesity to test whether there are unique or common brain alterations. We employed a machine-learning-algorithm trained to classify subjects with ADHD in the large ENIGMA-ADHD dataset and used it to predict the diagnostic status of subjects with ADHD and/or comorbidities. The parcellation analysis demonstrated decreased cortical thickness in medial prefrontal areas that was associated with presence of any comorbidity. However, these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Similarly, the machine learning analysis indicated that the predictive algorithm grouped most of our ADHD participants as belonging to the ADHD-group, but no systematic differences between comorbidity status came up. In sum, neither a classical comparison of segmented structural brain metrics nor an ML model based on the ADHD ENIGMA data differentiate between ADHD with and without comorbidities. As the ML model is based in part on adolescent brains, this might indicate that comorbid disorders and their brain changes are not captured by the ML model because it represents a different developmental brain trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Oh H, Gosnell S, Nguyen T, Tran T, Kosten TR, Salas R. Cingulate Cortex Structural Alterations in Substance Use Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients. Am J Addict 2020; 30:72-79. [PMID: 33232571 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance use disorder (SUD) includes maladaptive patterns of substance use despite negative consequences. Previous structural neuroimaging studies showed some structural alterations in SUD, but it remains unknown whether these alterations are specifically associated with SUD or common comorbidities. This study attempts to validate the findings of structural differences between SUD, healthy controls (HC), and psychiatric controls (PC). METHODS We used HC (N = 86) matched for demographics, and PC (N = 86) matched for demographics and psychiatric diagnoses to a group of SUD patients (N = 86). We assessed the group differences of subcortical volumes, cortical volumes, thickness, and surface areas between SUD and HC. We then analyzed the group differences between SUD and PC within regions showing differences between SUD and HC. RESULTS SUD had smaller left nucleus accumbens, right thalamus, right hippocampus, left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume, and larger right caudal ACC volume, and right caudal ACC, right caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) surface than HC. Increased right caudal ACC volume and right PCC surface in SUD were the only findings when compared with PC. Several areas showed thickness alterations between SUD and HC, but none survived multiple comparisons vs PC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cingulate structures may be altered in SUD compared with both HC and PC. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These results are among the first to indicate that some structural alterations may be SUD-specific, and highlight a cautionary note about using HC in psychiatric biomarker research. (Am J Addict 2021;30:72-79).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, Texas
| | - Savannah Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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7
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The associations of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions with adolescent brain structure and function: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Budhiraja M, Pereira JB, Lindner P, Westman E, Jokinen J, Savic I, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S. Cortical structure abnormalities in females with conduct disorder prior to age 15. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:37-44. [PMID: 31101397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among females, conduct disorder (CD) before age 15 is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in adulthood. The few existing structural neuroimaging studies of females with CD report abnormalities of gray matter volumes. The present study compared cortical thickness and surface area of young women with childhood/adolescent CD and healthy women to determine whether cortical abnormalities were present in adulthood and whether they were related to prior CD. Structural brain images from 31 women with CD and 25 healthy women were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Group differences between cortical thickness and surface area were assessed using cluster-wise corrections with Monte Carlo simulations. Women with prior CD, relative to healthy women, showed: (1) reduced cortical thickness in left fusiform gyrus extending up to entorhinal cortex and lingual gyrus; (2) reduced surface area in right superior parietal cortex; (3) increased surface area in left superior temporal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. These differences remained significant after adjusting for past comorbid disorders, current symptoms of anxiety and depression, current substance use as well as maltreatment. The study suggests that among females, CD prior to age 15 is associated with cortical structure abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing and social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Budhiraja
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Lindner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the neural correlates of cognitive-behavioral therapy for externalizing behavior problems in adolescent bullies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:193-202. [PMID: 29885469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for externalizing behavior problems in perpetrators of school bullying using assessments of brain activity and behavior. Twenty-five adolescent bullies participated in an 8-session intervention. Prior to and after participation, 24 adolescents were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and 23 completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and scores on the CBCL were analyzed. We also compared the identified changes into 2 groups (low and high delinquency) differentiated by a cutoff of 65 points on the delinquency subscale of the CBCL. Following the intervention, participants exhibited improvement in the subscores of the CBCL and decreases in the fALFF of the inferior parietal lobule, lingual, interior frontal and middle occipital gyrus. A positive correlation was observed between changes in the CBCL externalizing behavior scores and fALFF of the inferior frontal gyrus. The high delinquency group showed a greater decrease in delinquency and externalizing CBCL subscores across time than did the low delinquency group. The high delinquency group had more areas that showed change in fALFF post-intervention than did the low delinquency group. A positive correlation was observed between changes in the CBCL delinquency scores and fALFF of the precentral gyrus in the high delinquency group. The results indicate that this CBT for externalizing behavior problems in bullies had more positive effects on delinquent behavior in adolescents with high levels of delinquency, and these changes were associated with functional changes in brain activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02670876.
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10
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Brain structure abnormalities in young women who presented conduct disorder in childhood/adolescence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:869-885. [PMID: 28695488 PMCID: PMC5548815 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and genotype of antisocial behavior among females are different from those among males. Previous studies have documented structural brain alterations in males with antisocial behavior, yet little is known about the neural correlates of female antisocial behavior. The present study examined young women who had presented conduct disorder (CDW) prior to age 15 to determine whether brain abnormalities are present in adulthood and whether the observed abnormalities are associated with comorbid disorders or maltreatment that typically characterize this population. Using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry, we compared gray matter volumes (GMV) of 31 women who presented CD by midadolescence and 25 healthy women (HW), age, on average, 23 years. Participants completed structured, validated interviews to diagnose mental disorders, and validated questionnaires to document physical and sexual abuse. Relative to HW, CDW presented increased GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus that was associated with past alcohol and drug dependence, current use of alcohol and drugs, and current anxiety and depression symptoms and maltreatment. Additionally, CDW displayed reduced GMV in lingual gyrus, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex that was associated with past comorbid disorders, current alcohol and drugs use, current anxiety and depression symptoms, and maltreatment. The CDW also presented reduced total GMV that was associated with past comorbid disorders and current anxiety/depression symptoms. Alterations of brain structure were observed among young adult females with prior CD, relative to HW, all of which were associated with internalizing and externalizing disorders and maltreatment that typically accompany CD.
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Abstract
Purpose of the Review Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. In recent decades, highly concentrated products have flooded the market, and prevalence rates have increased. Gender differences exist in cannabis use, as men have higher prevalence of both cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD), while women progress more rapidly from first use to CUD. This paper reviews findings from preclinical and human studies examining the sex-specific neurobiological underpinnings of cannabis use and CUD, and associations with psychiatric symptoms. Recent Findings Sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system, in cannabis exposure effects on brain structure and function, and in the co-occurrence of cannabis use with symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. In female cannabis users, anxiety symptoms correlate with larger amygdala volume and social anxiety disorder symptoms correlate with CUD symptoms. Female cannabis users are reported to be especially vulnerable to earlier onset of schizophrenia, and mixed trends emerge in the correlation of depressive symptoms with cannabis exposure in females and males. Summary As prevalence of cannabis use may continue to increase given the shifting policy landscape regarding marijuana laws, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of cannabis exposure in females and males is key. Examining these mechanisms may help inform future research on sex-specific pharmacological and behavioral interventions for women and men with high-risk cannabis use, comorbid psychiatric disease, and CUD.
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12
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Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Boulos PK, Dalwani MS, Tanabe J, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Banich MT, Crowley TJ, Sakai JT. Brain Cortical Thickness Differences in Adolescent Females with Substance Use Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152983. [PMID: 27049765 PMCID: PMC4822952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Some youths develop multiple substance use disorders early in adolescence and have severe, persistent courses. Such youths often exhibit impulsivity, risk-taking, and problems of inhibition. However, relatively little is known about the possible brain bases of these behavioral traits, especially among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Boulos
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Manish S. Dalwani
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Crowley
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Sakai
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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