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Feinleib J, Baron EL. Airway Management Education for the Nonairway Specialist. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 62:8-20. [PMID: 39041794 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Feinleib
- West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and West Haven VHA/VHA National Simulation Center
| | - Elvera L Baron
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine at Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio
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Saba K, Jiang B, Yasin R, Hoyle JC. The Daily Fact Pile: Exploring Mutual Microlearning in Neurology Resident Education. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38470305 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2326477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Problem: A significant proportion of learning during residency takes place through informal channels. Spontaneous collaboration among medical learners significantly contributes to this informal learning and is increasingly recognized as a component of the hidden curriculum in medical education. Yet historically, a disproportionate emphasis in medical education has been placed on didactic, structured, and faculty-initiated methods, leaving an important force in medical education understudied and underutilized. We hypothesize that there is significant educational potential in studying and deploying targeted tools to facilitate collaboration among medical learners. Intervention: At our institution, neurology residents implemented the "Daily Fact Pile" (DFP), a resident-led, email-based collaboration that served as a platform to share clinical pearls in an informal, digital way. Participation was voluntary and participants were encouraged to share facts that were new to them and thought to be clinically relevant. Motivated by the positive collective experience, we conducted a retrospective examination of this phenomenon. In this context, we developed the concept of "mutual microlearning" to characterize this efficient, multidirectional exchange of information. Context: Thirty-six residents in a single neurology residency program utilized the DFP at a large university hospital in the USA between 2018 and 2019. After 21 months of spontaneous and voluntary participation, we assessed the feasibility of the DFP, its impact on the education and morale of neurology residents, and compared its mutual microlearning approach to traditional lectures. This was done through a survey of the DFP participants with a response rate of 80.7%, and analysis of the statistics of participation and interaction with the DFP. Impact: Most participants felt that the DFP was beneficial to their education and thought they often or always learned something new from reading the DFP. The impact of the DFP extended beyond education by improving interest in neurology, morale, and sense of teamwork. The DFP was feasible during neurology residency and participation was high, though participants were more likely to read facts than share them. Lessons learned: Mutual microlearning represents an opportunity to augment residents' education, and well-designed mutual microlearning tools hold promise for complementing traditional teaching methods. We learned that efficiency, ease of use, and a supportive, non-judgmental environment are all essential to the success of such tools. Future research should delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of mutual microlearning to establish its position within the theoretical frameworks of medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasser Saba
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rabia Yasin
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Chad Hoyle
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Mohamed I, Bera K, Ramaiya N. The Undermined ACGME Subcompetency: A Roadmap for Radiology Residency Programs to Foster Residents-as-Educators. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1189-1197. [PMID: 38052673 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiology Residency programs in the United States use a set of six core competencies as laid out by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to evaluate the foundational skills of every resident. Despite the fact that educational skills are included under the heading of Practice-Based Learning and Improvement in the ACGME guidelines for radiology residents, it is often underappreciated and undervalued, when compared with medical knowledge or patient care. In this paper, the authors lay out the important role of residents-as-educators and how it can be inculcated as part of formal training during residency. They enunciate five pillars for academic programs to build and maintain the pedagogical skills of their radiology residents: Training, Practicing, Providing Feedback, Mentoring, and Changing the Culture. The authors believe that implementing this will holistically benefit radiology residents as well as radiology in building future educators. The authors also delineate the challenges that programs currently face in implementation and ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Mohamed
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106.
| | - Nikhil Ramaiya
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Xia F, Wang G. Influence of teach-back strategy on hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4010. [PMID: 38369580 PMCID: PMC10874968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of teach-back strategy on hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management among hemodialysis patients. The research is a quasi-randomized control trial. A total of 92 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into observation group (n = 46) and control group (n = 46) by random number table method. The control group received conventional health education, and the observation group received teach-back. The intervention lasted six months. The hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management of the two groups were evaluated before and after the intervention. There were no significant difference on hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management scores between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of hemodialysis knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group and before intervention. The total scores of self-efficacy and items "3,4,5" were higher than those of the control group. The total scores of self-efficacy and item "1~6" in the observation group were higher than before intervention. The total scores of self-management and the three subscales of "problem solving", "partnership" and "emotional processing" were higher than those of the control group and before intervention. All of the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Teach-back is helpful to improve the hemodialysis related knowledge level, self-efficacy and self-management level of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, and it is worth to be popularized clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Xia
- Hemodialysis Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Hemodialysis Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS. Assessing the Merits and Effectiveness of Peer Teaching in Small Groups through the Employment of Different Learning Media. Avicenna J Med 2023; 13:215-222. [PMID: 38144916 PMCID: PMC10736198 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peer teaching is a well-acknowledged method to facilitate teaching and learning among medical students. The objective of the study was to assess the merits and effectiveness of peer teaching in small groups using a student-centered approach through the employment of different learning media. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among a group of 34 students from third professional year. Purposive sampling was used, wherein students were subdivided into five small groups. At the beginning, a pretest consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions was conducted on the topic "Epidemiology of Hypertension." This topic was further subdivided into five subtopics, and five separate learning media (viz., video, PowerPoint, white board, chalk-and-talk, and chart) were allocated using the lottery method. Each group discussed the allotted topic and then presented their findings in the large group using the assigned learning media, while other groups gave feedback, and the best group was decided through multivoting. Posttest was administered and the results were compared with the pretest. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done using SPSS 16. Descriptive statistics and paired t -test was used to compare the results in pretest and posttest at p level < 0.05. Results This innovative session of peer teaching featured 34 students, with a mean age of 22 ± 1.3 years. While carrying out the Kirkpatrick Level 1 evaluation, almost 90% students liked the role of the facilitator in stimulating interest in the topic. There was a mean average increase of 1.7 marks on comparing the scores of posttest with pretest (Kirkpatrick Level 2), and the reported difference was statistically significant. Joyful learning 24 (66.7%) and group discussion 23 (63.9%) emerged as the most liked aspects of the session. Conclusion In conclusion, peer teaching through learning media is an effective method as it promotes active learning, improves communication skills, and improves the academic performance of students. Peer teaching using different learning media proved to be quite effective in improvement of knowledge about epidemiology of hypertension, the pros and cons of different learning media, and encouraged creativity among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Off-campus Centre of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Off-campus Centre of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Patil A, Newton PM. What Happens to the Principles of Evidence-Based Practice When Clinicians Become Educators? A Case Study of the Learning Styles Neuromyth. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:1117-1126. [PMID: 37886285 PMCID: PMC10597923 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The approach of matching teaching practice to individual student "Learning Styles" has been repeatedly shown to be ineffective, even harmful. Yet, it appears a majority of educators believe it to be an effective approach. The status of Learning Styles theory in health professions education is unclear. Method We surveyed health professions educators to determine whether they believed that Learning Styles theory is effective and whether this belief translates to action. We also test knowledge of Learning Styles theory. Results 87.4% of participants are familiar with Learning Styles, but knowledge about specific models varies. 69.9% of participants believed that Learning Styles theory is effective, but only one-third of them were actually using it. Discussion More effort is required to emphasise the importance of evidence-based educational awareness and practice in the healthcare community. As is the case with clinical practice, a culture of promoting pedagogy validated by the scientific method should be the norm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01849-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Patil
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Newton
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP United Kingdom
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Wibowo G, Anggrahini DW, Rismawanti RI, Fatimah VAN, Hakim A, Hidayah RN, Gharini PPR. 3D-Printing-Based Fluoroscopic Coronary Angiography Simulator Improves Learning Capability Among Cardiology Trainees. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:763-771. [PMID: 37465375 PMCID: PMC10351594 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s407629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aim One of the essential competencies of cardiology trainees is the ability to perform coronary angiography with good projection. Purpose This study is a research and development study aimed at testing the effectiveness of 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator as a learning medium for diagnostic coronary angiogram. Methods Thirty-four cardiology trainees randomly were divided into two groups. Both groups took a pretest before the intervention. The first group (group A) studied using conventional learning media and underwent the first post-test. Afterward, they switched to a 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator and underwent a second post-test. The second group (group B) studied using a 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator, underwent the first post-test, switched to the conventional learning media, and underwent a second post-test. Results The delta between the post-test I and the pretest of group B was 8.53, higher than the delta between the post-test I and the pretest of group A (5.21) with a significant difference (p = 0.003). In group A, the delta between post-test II and pretest was 9.65, higher than the delta between post-test I and pretest (5.21) with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion 3D-printing-based fluoroscopic coronary angiography simulator is effective as a learning medium for coronary angiogram diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganda Wibowo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Wulan Anggrahini
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rochmi Isnaini Rismawanti
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vita Arfiana Nurul Fatimah
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alhadi Hakim
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachmadya Nur Hidayah
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Putrika Prastuti Ratna Gharini
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Sandhi A, Nguyen CTT, Lin-Lewry M, Lee GT, Kuo SY. Effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions to improve breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and skills among nursing, midwifery, and medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 126:105813. [PMID: 37105124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding education programs are necessary to prepare healthcare students to address the breastfeeding needs of families. Various breastfeeding educational modules have been used in academic settings; however, the effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve the breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and skills of nursing, midwifery, and medical students. METHODS A systematic review was conducted searching academic databases from inception to December 22, 2022. Searches were carried out by two authors independently in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ERIC. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used. The data were extracted for a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential moderators. RESULTS Thirty-three quasi-experimental studies (12 two-group studies and 21 one-group studies), which included 1313 nursing students, 204 midwifery students, and 1066 medical students, were identified. The students who received educational interventions had significantly higher scores in breastfeeding knowledge (SMD: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.46, 0.87 for two-group studies; SMD: 1.42, 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.94 for one-group studies), more positive attitudes toward breastfeeding (SMD: 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.22, 0.63 for two-group studies; SMD: 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.32, 1.63 for one-group studies), and higher scores for breastfeeding skills (SMD: 1.52, 95 % CI: 0.46, 2.58 for two-group studies; SMD: 1.33, 95 % CI: 0.43, 2.23 for one-group studies) than the control groups. As a teaching method, clinical practicums were a significant moderator of both breastfeeding knowledge (p = .035) and skills (p < .001). Few studies (n = 5) described the educational framework underpinning the program development. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding educational interventions effectively improve the breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and skills of undergraduate nursing, midwifery, and medical students. Incorporating clinical practicums in interventions is important. Future studies to examine useful teaching strategies for enhancing learning outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyu Sandhi
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cai Thi Thuy Nguyen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Marianne Lin-Lewry
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Gabrielle T Lee
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Domínguez-Torres LC, Vega-Peña NV. Pyramids in medical education: Their conceptualization and utility summarized. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA 2023; 74:163-174. [PMID: 37523683 PMCID: PMC10419883 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To examine the conceptual underpinnings of learning pyramids, their limitations and some proposed modifications, and to describe their utility. Materials and methods Starting with a selection of pyramids based on whether graphic design was part of their original design and on their conceptual description, we examined the criticisms they have received and the modifications derived from those observations, and the use given to the pyramids most commonly used in medical education. Results Five pyramids were included, namely, George Miller, Edgar Dale, Donald Kirkpatrick, Benjamín Bloom and Abraham Maslow. Pyramids describe different aspects of medical education evaluation, either of individuals or of training programs, including competencies, identity, reliability, learning, behavior, results, cognitive complexity and self-realization. Conclusions As theoretical models, the pyramids examined have contributed to support learning processes in health professions. Their practical utility extends to different specialties and education levels given that they can help faculty optimize curricular design, teaching and evaluation processes. It is important to conduct a local assessment of the effects on health science programs built on these theoretical models.
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Garling KA, Wong B. An initial reliability analysis of a patient counseling rubric to objectively measure student pharmacist performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15768. [PMID: 37206018 PMCID: PMC10189406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Current literature outlines the documented need for improved communication during patient medication counseling. Although many tools exist, there needs to be a national standardized tool that complies with federal and state law, to objectively measure student pharmacist performance during patient counseling in the community pharmacy setting. The primary objective of this study is to perform an initial analysis of the internal consistency reliability of a patient medication counseling rubric designed with an Indian Health Services theoretical framework. Secondary objectives include measuring changes in student performance over the time of the study. The 18-item rubric was developed to objectively measure student pharmacist performance during patient medication counseling sessions in a 21-h Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) course. The community-pharmacy-based IPPE patient counseling course evaluates students' communication skills and patient-centered counseling techniques in live and simulated patient counseling sessions. Three pharmacist evaluators assessed a total of 247 student counseling sessions. The rubric's internal consistency reliability was analyzed, and student performance improvement was observed within the course. Students' performance was evaluated as "meets expectations" in most live and simulated sessions. However, an independent groups t-test showed that the mean performance score for the live counseling sessions (2.59, SD = 0.29) was higher (p < 0.001) than that for the simulated counseling sessions (2.35, SD = 0.35). Students' performance in the course improved over three weeks [Week 1: mean (SD) = 2.29 (0.32), Week 2: mean (SD) = 2.44 (0.33), Week 3: mean (SD) = 2.62 (0.29); p < 0.001]. A Tukey-Kramer comparison post hoc test found a significant increase in the mean performance scores between weeks (p < 0.05). The overall internal consistency reliability of the counseling rubric was determined acceptable, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. Further study is required, including the assessment of inter-rater reliability, factor analysis, variable analysis, and use in other states with patient confirmation testing necessary to validate the rubric for use with student pharmacists in the community pharmacy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Ashley Garling
- The University of Texas at Austin – College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Benjamin Wong
- The University of Texas at Austin – College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
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N Boulos A. Tutorials in anatomy education of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic - An evaluation of its effectiveness. Clin Anat 2023. [PMID: 37092773 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Anatomy has traditionally been taught through prosected specimens and the use of models and other techniques. During the COVID-19 period, this was replaced by tutorials, where students came to college to continue taking practical sessions. The study comprised four components. The first component consisted of demographic data. The second component consisted of questions concerning students' satisfaction with the tutorials. The third component included questions for Year 2 medical students only because they had tried both the new and old systems. The fourth component included the results for the Year 2 medical students. The study included 102 medical students. The number of tutorials each week and the duration of each tutorial were considered successful, since 47 (46.1%) and 44 (43.1%) students approved, respectively. The students were comfortable with understanding the information from PowerPoint presentations; 41 (40.2%) agreed with this statement. Moreover, 44 students (43.1%) agreed about the ability to recall material after the tutorial and the interaction it allowed them with the doctors. Overall, all the questions proved that the tutorials were of great value to the students during the COVID-19 period. Although COVID-19 limited anatomy teaching, tutorials were seen as a light at the end of the tunnel pending the end of the COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef N Boulos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Johansen K. Challenges regarding digital distance learning of operationally- oriented professions, due to Covid-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH OPEN 2023; 4:100225. [PMID: 36686543 PMCID: PMC9847249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The focus on challenges related to digital distance learning has become particularly relevant since educational institutions had to close due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Teaching related to operationally oriented professions, such as e.g., aviation and nautical represent educations that have faced extensive challenges. Education portfolios for such professions contain subjects that require transfer of competence based on experiential-based learning leading to in-demand knowledge, skills, attitudes, and sustainable understanding. Such operative-oriented competence is difficult to acquire through exclusively digital distance learning. This paper highlights challenges related to the operationally oriented topics of maritime education and training (MET). Traditionally, operationally oriented learning associated to MET has been carried out based on "on-scene" transfer of experience i.e., inexperienced sailors have gained experience by being guided by experienced sailors. Modern MET has evolved towards more passive "off-scene" learning activities. As a replacement for reduced "on-scene" learning activities, modern simulator and laboratory-based learning platforms have been developed within maritime and other operationally oriented educations. Learning platforms like these are probably the most challenging to find digital distance teaching substitutes for, regarding the Covid-19 pandemic closure. The purpose of this paper is to show whether the rapid change of learning context due to the pandemic closure affected the instant knowledge displayed in exam grades. In addition, the paper addresses possible challenges related to the loss of experience-oriented simulator and laboratory-based teaching activities, due to the pandemic closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Johansen
- UiT The Arctic Univerisy of Norway, ITS, Postboks 6050 Langnes, Tromsoe 9037, Norway
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Bellier A, Kaladzé N, Rabattu PY, Chaffanjon PC, Cavalié G. Analysis of a multifaceted interactive pedagogy program in an upper limb anatomy course: A time series study. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023; 16:116-127. [PMID: 35020269 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many new methods have contributed to the learning of anatomy, including several interactive methods, increasing the effectiveness of educational programs. The effectiveness of an educational program involving several interactive learning methods such as problem-based learning and reciprocal peer teaching was researched in this study. A quasi-experimental before-after study on three consecutive groups of second-year students at the Grenoble School of Medicine was conducted. The lectures were replaced by an educational program based on the problem-based learning method and reciprocal peer teaching. The first session was dedicated to reading clinical cases illustrating the medical concept, so that the learning objectives for the second session could be set. Then, after viewing digital courses, the second session was dedicated to a synthetic presentation by the students themselves, followed by an interactive summary with the teacher. The analysis of 630 students showed a significant increase in the theory test results for those who took part in the intervention: 9.71 versus 9.19 (β = 0.57, P = 0.036). Moreover, satisfaction was high after the intervention (mean = 4.5/5), and when comparing the two pedagogical approaches the students showed a clear preference for the program implemented with the concepts highlighted such as interactivity, in-depth work, group work, and autonomy. A multifaceted interactive pedagogy program could have a significant impact on the results of the theoretical concepts presented and on satisfaction as well as increased investment by students in learning anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bellier
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Medical Evaluation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Computational Biology and Mathematics Team, Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Noémie Kaladzé
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Rabattu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe C Chaffanjon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Cavalié
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Orthopedic Surgery Service, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Kaewchandee C, Hnuthong U, Thinkan S, Rahman MS, Sangpoom S, Suwanbamrung C. The experiences of district public health officers during the COVID-19 crisis and its management in the upper southern region of Thailand: A mixed methods approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12558. [PMID: 36573081 PMCID: PMC9771841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
District public health officers (DPHO) are the major health care providers and vital resources for tackling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Thailand. No studies have been published on their experiences of combating COVID-19 in Thailand. To guide and improve COVID-19 control efforts, we aimed to describe their experiences and analyze associated factors for tackling the outbreak. This mixed-methods design involved providing structured questionnaires to selected DPHOs across 52 districts of seven provinces in the upper southern region Thailand. We performed data analysis using descriptive and multivariate statistics. The quantitative approach used questionnaires that demonstrated the content validity and reliability. Data collection involved Google forms, analyzed by multivariate statistics. The qualitative approach comprised an online in-depth interview of 11 DPHOs and a thematic analysis. Results found of the 52 DPHOs, 41 were men (78.8%), and the mean age was 50.02 years (SD = 8.52 years). Their proactive experiences were significantly associated with sex (ORadj = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.11-3.30), age (ORadj = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09-2.76), the length of experience in the current position (ORadj = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.43-3.63), and working time in the current position (ORadj = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.43-3.63). There was no significant association between marital status, knowledge, understanding, opinion, proactive practice, and participation experiences. These results were related to six themes of the qualitative approach as follows: High morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, COVID-19 concomitant with several problems, Reaching out to the community for better COVID-19 solutions, The importance of regular reports and feedback, Solution planning based on the situation, and Providing relief to all stakeholders from COVID-19 issue. Proactive experiences of district public health officers are important for sustainable COVID-19 solutions. Disseminating relevant equipment, guidelines, policy, and government regulations is necessary to promote preparedness and efficacy in the crisis management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuthamat Kaewchandee
- Department of Research and Medicine Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Hnuthong
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Thinkan
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Md. Siddikur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5404, Bangladesh
| | - Suttida Sangpoom
- School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand,Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health: EC for DACH; MPH. and PhD. in Public Health Research Program, Walailak University, 80160, Thailand
| | - Charuai Suwanbamrung
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand,Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health: EC for DACH; MPH. and PhD. in Public Health Research Program, Walailak University, 80160, Thailand,Corresponding author
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Veer V, Phelps C, Moro C. Incorporating Mixed Reality for Knowledge Retention in Physiology, Anatomy, Pathology, and Pharmacology Interdisciplinary Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2022; 32:1579-1586. [PMID: 36532413 PMCID: PMC9755411 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease education is a fundamental component in health science and medicine curricula, as it prepares students for their progression into health profession careers. However, this requires an ability to integrate concepts across multiple disciplines. Technology-enhanced interventions may bridge this gap, and this study assessed the effectiveness of a textbook-style or a three-dimensional mixed reality (MR, a hybrid of augmented and virtual reality) HoloLens resource for student learning and knowledge retention using asthma as a model of disease. Sixty-seven first-year undergraduate health science and medical students were randomized into two groups to complete a lesson on the physiology, anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology of asthma, delivered through either a textbook-style (n = 34) or MR (n = 33) resource. Participants took part in the study in small groups and completed the intervention and surveys in separate areas of a large laboratory space. A pre-test prior to the lesson included multiple-choice questions, with the post-test having additional multiple-choice questions to assess learning. A follow-up test to assess retention was performed two weeks later. Pre- and post-test scores revealed increased learning across both the textbook (p = 0.001) and MR (p = 0.05) interventions, although higher test results were obtained by those using the textbook-style resource (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in knowledge retention scores. Although the textbook-style resource was more effective for increasing test results, participants perceived MR as more favorable, highlighting the experience as enjoyable and useful. This study presents MR as an option for integration in cases where educators wish to enhance student enjoyment of the learning experience. However, the results suggest that traditional text-based resources persist as a fundamental delivery mode within a modern curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineesha Veer
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond, University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Charlotte Phelps
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond, University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Christian Moro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond, University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Sudari F, Priskilla I, Febiola M, Sinuraya RK. Strategies to improve the vaccine distribution and community awareness of taking COVID-19 vaccine in rural areas in Indonesia. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e81525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread worldwide, and several governments, including Indonesia, are actively vaccinating. However, numerous factors may contribute to decreased vaccination administration, including hesitation, a lack of information, and demographic considerations. Therefore, this review provides insights on maximizing vaccine distribution and raising community awareness about COVID-19 vaccination in rural regions with difficulty in transportation access, a lack of health care workers, and limited vaccine storage facilities. It was discovered that numerous potential methods, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), bio-tracking and bio-detect, P-median, and Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), can monitor vaccination delivery in rural parts of Indonesia. The correct vaccine distribution system can monitor situations during distribution by combining IoT technology with bio-tracking and bio-detect in airborne transportation. Besides enhancing vaccine distribution technologies, healthcare professionals play a critical role in maintaining vaccine quality and improving community awareness of diseases. In particular, as a healthcare professional, a pharmacist has an essential role in ensuring the quality of the vaccine until it is administered to the patient and improving patients’ awareness of COVID-19 and the vaccinations. Pharmacists can collaborate with other healthcare professionals to educate the community to identify important information related to wrong perceptions about COVID-19 and vaccinations.
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Lavery J. Observed structured clinical examination as a means of assessing clinical skills competencies of ANPs. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:214-220. [PMID: 35220736 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.4.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Observed structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are a common method of assessment within higher education to prepare for the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) role. This article reviews a wide range of literature relating to OSCE assessment in the healthcare arena, from an ANP, interprofessional and advanced clinical practice perspective. Theories underpinning OSCE and advanced nursing roles are explored, with relevant supporting literature indicating how established OSCEs can become integrated with other methods to improve outcomes for this level of practice. Alternative assessments are explored with specific reference to the context of the education delivered, and the suitability for higher education today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lavery
- Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool
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18
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Ortadeveci A, Ermez MN, Oz S, Ozden H. A survey study on distance anatomy education: challenges unique to anatomy. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 44:41-47. [PMID: 34031717 PMCID: PMC8143068 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional anatomy education (TAE) is based on teaching by seeing and touching cadavers/plastic materials that enable three-dimensional thinking, but there was no opportunity like this in distance anatomy education (DAE). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many trainings planned face-to-face were carried out remotely. In this study, our aim is to evaluate students' views on the efficiency of DAE, and to increase the efficiency of DAE in the future. METHODS The questionnaire used in the study was applied to the first grade students in the Faculty of Medicine, at the Eskisehir Osmangazi University, in 2019-2020. 239 students completed the survey. The questionnaire consisted of the demographic information, that was obtained with voluntary consent, and sections containing suggestions on DAE, and its comparison with distance education of other basic medical science courses. The survey was prepared as a Likert scale (with 1 = totally disagree to 5 = totally agree), on Google forms and sent to the students online. RESULTS 82.4% of the students marked "totally disagree" or "disagree" for the statement of "DAE is more efficient than TAE". The total percentage of students who marked "totally disagree" or "disagree" for the statement of "I was satisfied with the theoretical education in DAE" was 58.6%, but when it came to practical education the percentage raised to 79.9%. CONCLUSIONS According to the results the efficiency of DAE, especially in terms of practice lessons, was found to be lower than TAE. To make DAE a powerful alternative to TAE, future studies should aim to develop a new syllabus for DAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ortadeveci
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Merve Nur Ermez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Semih Oz
- Health Services Vocational School, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Ozden
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mostafavi F, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Mansourian M, Bastami F. The promotion of healthy breakfast and snacks based on the social marketing model: a mixed-methods study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:22. [PMID: 33962686 PMCID: PMC8106147 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skipping breakfast and replacing it with non-nutritious snacks are progressively increasing among adolescents. This study aimed to develop an educational intervention based on the Social Marketing Model and evaluate its effects on healthy breakfast and snack consumption among female adolescent students. METHODS This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2016-2019 in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted through directed content analysis in guidance schools in Khorramabad, Isfahan, and Tehran, Iran, to explore factors affecting breakfast consumption. The results of this phase were set in the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model. In the second phase, a randomized controlled trial was conducted based on the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model on 94 students randomly recruited from guidance schools in Khorramabad, Iran. RESULTS The findings of the qualitative phase were categorized into the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model, namely the social marketing mix, the intended behavior, internal and external competing factors for behavior modification, theoretical concepts related to the behavior, and the role of supporters. In the quantitative phase, the univariate analysis showed significant between-group differences concerning the product, price, promotion, and behavior (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Healthy breakfast and snack consumption can be promoted through making acceptable the tastes, costs, preparations, and consumption places of breakfast and snack. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT20170201032347N1 ). The trial was registered in 11/07/2018 and is accessible on the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Mostafavi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bastami
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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20
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Transforming Agricultural Extension Service Delivery through Innovative Bottom–Up Climate-Resilient Agribusiness Farmer Field Schools. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional approaches to agricultural extension based on top–down technology transfer and information dissemination models are inadequate to help smallholder farmers tackle increasingly complex agroclimatic adversities. Innovative service delivery alternatives, such as field schools, exist but are mostly implemented in isolationistic silos with little effort to integrate them for cost reduction and greater technical effectiveness. This article presents a proof-of-concept effort to develop an innovative, climate-resilient field school methodology, integrating the attributes of Farmers’ Field School, Climate Field School, Climate-Smart Agriculture and indigenous technical knowledge of weather indicators in one package to address the gaps, while sensitizing actors on implications for policy advocacy. Some 661 local facilitators, 32% of them women and 54% youth, were trained on the innovation across East Africa. The initiative has reached 36 agribusiness champions working with 237,250 smallholder farmers in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Initial results show that the innovation is strengthening adaptation behaviour of agribusiness champions, farmers and supply chain actors, and reducing training costs. Preliminary findings indicate that the process is rapidly shaping group adaptive thinking. The integrated approach offers lessons to transform extension and to improve food security and resilience. The approach bundles the costs of previously separate processes into the cost of one joint, simultaneous process, while also strengthening technical service delivery through bundled messaging. Experience from this initiative can be leveraged to develop scalable participatory extension and training models, especially scaling out through farmer-to-farmer replication and scaling up through farmer group networks.
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21
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Arifin AJ, Liubchenko K, Boldt G, Nguyen TK. A Scoping Review of Radiation Oncology Educational and Career-Planning Interventions in Undergraduate Medical Education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:740-749. [PMID: 33572574 PMCID: PMC7985784 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation oncology (RO) teaching in undergraduate medical education (UME) is lacking worldwide with potentially detrimental effects on medical student career choices and patient care. The objective of this scoping review is to examine the extent of published literature describing RO educational and career-planning interventions in UME. Online databases were searched from respective dates of inception to June 2020 for articles that reported outcomes from RO educational and career-planning interventions in UME. Two independent reviewers screened entries for inclusion. Following full-text reviews, 25 articles were analyzed. Most interventions were a single session, involved clinical medical students, and were based in North America. Didactic teaching was most commonly used, though a majority included interactive learning in addition to or in place of didactic teaching. As expected, there was a heterogeneity of outcomes reported, and most studies collected data using surveys alone. Recurring topics included the multidisciplinary nature of oncology and psychosocial oncology. There was a paucity of studies reporting on formal mentorship programs and research programs. The data collated in this study can help develop new initiatives based on what has succeeded in the past. Areas that may benefit from future studies include mentorship programs, research programs, and interventions from outside North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Arifin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 3W9, Canada; (A.J.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Karina Liubchenko
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Gabriel Boldt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 3W9, Canada; (A.J.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Timothy K. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 3W9, Canada; (A.J.A.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-685-8500
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22
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Maharani DA, El Tantawi M, Yoseph MG, Rahardjo A. The use of internet platforms for oral health information and associated factors among adolescents from Jakarta: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33413315 PMCID: PMC7791978 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth of the internet has increased its use to obtain health information including oral health information (OHI). This study assessed Indonesian adolescents’ use of different internet platforms to obtain OHI and factors associated with this use. Methods A cross-sectional study surveyed middle school students in five regions in Jakarta in 2019. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed demographics, oral health practices (toothbrushing and dental visits), the presence of dental pain, using internet platform to obtain OHI and type of information searched for. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between using the internet for OHI (Google, Social Media (SM), both or none) and the independent factors: demographics, oral health practice, dental pain and whether participants search for causes, symptoms, prevention or treatment of oral diseases (ODs). Results Most of the 521 participants were female (55.7%) with mean age = 13.4 years. Almost all of them (93.7%) searched the internet for OHI through Google (40.7%) or Google with SM (36.1%). Searching for OHI over SM was significantly associated with toothbrushing (OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.43, 11.89) and less dental visits (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.60). Searching Google for OHI was significantly associated with looking for information about causes (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.33, 10.26) and treatment (OR = 6.17, 95% CI = 2.23, 17.03) of ODs. Conclusions Most adolescents used Google to seek OHI. Oral health practices and types of OHI searched for differed by internet platform. Dental health professionals should consider using internet-based interventions to promote oral health to this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Ayu Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marsha Griselda Yoseph
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Tawfik MMR, Fayed AA, Dawood AF, Al Mussaed E, Ibrahim GH. Simulation-Based Learning Versus Didactic Lecture in Teaching Bronchial Asthma for Undergraduate Medical Students: a Step Toward Improvement of Clinical Competencies. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:1061-1068. [PMID: 34457768 PMCID: PMC8368256 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based learning (SBL), an effective teaching strategy, is still questionable on whether it can be an alternative to didactic lectures in medical education. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SBL versus traditional lectures in retention of knowledge. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted among medical students who were divided in two groups (36 students each). Each group received the same information about diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma, but with a different teaching method: didactic lecture or simulation. Knowledge level was tested before, immediately after the teaching sessions and 3 months later using multiple-choice questions. Student's satisfaction was evaluated using feedback questionnaire. RESULTS The simulation group scored higher than the lecture group in the post-test and the late test. However, these differences were not significant. Additionally, students' satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the simulation group than in the lecture group (p < 0.01). Students ranked simulation significantly better regarding motivation (71.9%), comfort (59.4%), understanding (59.4%), and effective communication (59.4%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Simulation is as effective as lecture in retention of medical knowledge. Nonetheless, students agree that it is more satisfactory and interesting. SBL integration in medical programs is recommended to overcome obstacles in clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. R. Tawfik
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel A. Fayed
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Mussaed
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan H. Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41511 Egypt
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Practical ultrasound workshops to teach medical students basic concepts of ultrasound semiology. RADIOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bajaj J, Rathore S, Parihar V, Agarwal P, Yadav YR, Sharma D. Teaching Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment by Videos: A Prospective Interventional Study among Surgical Residents. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:381-384. [PMID: 32753801 PMCID: PMC7394632 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment is vital for the management of various neurological, neurosurgical, and critical care disorders. Learning GCS scoring needs good training and practice. Due to limitation of teachers, the new entrants of the clinical team find it difficult to learn and use it correctly. Training through videos is being increasingly utilized in the medical field. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of video teaching of GCS scoring among general surgery residents. Materials and Methods A prospective study was done utilizing the freely available video at glasgowcomascale.org. The participants (general surgery residents, 1st-3rd year) were asked to assess and record their responses related to GCS both before and after watching the video. A blinded neurosurgeon recorded the correct responses separately. Statistical Analysis The difference between correct responses of the residents before and after watching the video was calculated using the "chi-square test." p -Value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results There was a significant improvement in GCS scoring by residents after watching the videos ( p < 0.05). On estimating the responses separately, all the three responses (eye, verbal, and motor) improved significantly for 1st-year residents while only the motor response improved significantly for 2nd- and 3rd-year residents. The mode subjective improvement for the 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year residents was 5, 4, and 3, respectively. Conclusion Training GCS scoring through videos is an effective way of teaching the surgery residents with maximum benefit to the junior-most ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitin Bajaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Sanjay Rathore
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Vijay Parihar
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pawan Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Yad Ram Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, India
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Paganini M, Cellini A, Mormando G, Fabris F, Merkel C. Training of Italian emergency medicine residents in prehospital emergency medicine: state of the art and perspectives of improvement. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:519-522. [PMID: 31983027 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Paganini
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cellini
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Mormando
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Merkel
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
Ethics has long been a concern in medicine, education and scholarship. In the digital age, new complexities have arisen, and many medical education researchers are unprepared for the pitfalls ahead, often negotiating these in the absence of guidelines, and unaware of the many tools that can be used to assist them. This Guide takes the medical education scholar through a journey in which issues of ethics are discussed in all stages of digital scholarship: research preparation, research subject monitoring and data gathering, securing one's data (and balancing security against accessibility), anonymising textual and non-textual data, third party identifiability in digital data, writing one's own work (including plagiarism and paper mills), copyright (including issues of Creative Commons and royalty-free), accessing inaccessible reference material, ethically citing electronic material, and manuscript submission (including issues of selecting journals, open access and data sharing). The Guide ends with a brief look to the future. This Guide aims to be a useful tool to alert the readers to some of the most important ethical issues that need to be considered, and some practical solutions to ethical problems faced, when engaging in medical education digital scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Masters
- Medical Education and Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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28
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Shree S. Augmenting training–learning experience by design: a conceptual framework. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL TRAINING 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ict-09-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of designing training sessions on the basis of a dramatic structure and inclusion of contextual narrative for facilitating transfer of learning. The role of stimulating curiosity in this process has also been scanned under the lens of neurobiological insights.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper theoretically develops a framework through an integrative literature review to examine the prospect of enhanced learner engagement through structure, narrative and some interdisciplinary theories, namely, the gap theory of curiosity and the peak end theory.
Findings
A contextual story-based training method designed on the basis of a dramatic plot structure can leverage on the learners’ emotions for engaging learning sessions and retention of content. Such design offers potential to improvise and strengthen the overall training module design and delivery mechanism. The outcome is seen through enhanced peak moments of curiosity and satisfaction, thus enriching the overall training–learning process.
Research limitations/implications
The study is theory based and non-empirical which does not give it a ground to make generalised statements and conclusions. This factor, however, paves the way for future research in the allied areas such as empirical testing of the framework by identifying and testing the variables and other contextual and causal factors.
Practical implications
The suggested framework has practical implications for Learning and Development managers as well as academies. The conceptual framework provided in this work can lend some unique insights towards strengthening the training–learning process.
Originality/value
Although the concept of using stories for training is not new, this study contributes by proposing a new theoretical framework that examines together the elements of sound dramatic structure and a story-based training method. Such a design, conceived by taking into account an understanding of the working mind, can influence the overall experience of achieving positive training–learning results.
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Paternain Nuin A, Malmierca Ordoqui P, Igual Rouilleault AC, Soriano Aguadero I, Pueyo Villoslada JC. Practical ultrasound workshops to teach medical students basic concepts of ultrasound semiology. RADIOLOGIA 2020; 62:306-312. [PMID: 32035725 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of practical ultrasound workshops for the acquisition and consolidation of conceptual learning about the basic physics and semiology of ultrasonography aimed at third-year medical school students doing the physical examination module of their studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out practical ultrasound workshops with two groups of 177 and 175 students in two consecutive academic years. All students had taken a class in basic radiology in the previous year. Students examined each other with ultrasonography under instructors' supervision in a two-hour session. Before and after the workshop, students did a seven-question multiple-choice test about basic semiology and answered two questions evaluating their degree of confidence in interpreting ultrasonographic images and handling the ultrasound scanner on a scale from 1 to 10. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the scores obtained in the two groups. Overall, the mean score on the multiple-choice test improved from 59.71% on the initial assessment to 88.29% on the post-workshop assessment (p <0.01). Confidence in interpreting images improved from 3.39/10 to 6.28/10 (p <0.01), and confidence in handling the equipment improved from 3.73/10 to 6.51/10 (p <0.01). CONCLUSION Practical workshops were useful for learning basic concepts about ultrasound imaging, allowing students to significantly improve their scores on the multiple-choice test. Students had a low level of confidence in their ability to interpret ultrasound images and handle the equipment before starting the workshop, but their confidence improved significantly after completing the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paternain Nuin
- Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España.
| | - P Malmierca Ordoqui
- Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | | | - I Soriano Aguadero
- Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - J C Pueyo Villoslada
- Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
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Masters K. Edgar Dale's Pyramid of Learning in medical education: Further expansion of the myth. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 54:22-32. [PMID: 31576610 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A mythical Pyramid of Learning, usually attributed to Edgar Dale (or the National Training Laboratories [NTL]) and giving student learning retention rates, has been cited in a wide range of educational literature. A 2013 literature review indicated that medical education literature similarly cites this Pyramid. It was hoped that highlighting this myth in that review would reduce references to the Pyramid in future medical education literature. This study aimed at determining what change in Pyramid citation has occurred in the past 5 years. METHODS A documented literature review, following the same process as the original review, was conducted. The search dates were September 2012 to April 2018, and the databases were Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline and Google Scholar. Sources were from peer-reviewed journals or conferences, in English. RESULTS From an initial search result of 992 documents, 41 were found to match the criteria. Trends discovered are: the number of Pyramid citations in medical education literature is increasing dramatically, new sources of the Pyramid are now being used, refutations of the Pyramid are being used to support it, and even researchers who acknowledge the weakness of the Pyramid still cite it. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In spite of the 2013 review, the situation has become worse. One possible reason is that refutations use too polite academic wording, and other researchers then consider the Pyramid to be merely "disputed" or "debated." To kill the myth of the Pyramid, it is necessary for this article's Abstract to state unequivocally: The Pyramid is rubbish, the statistics are rubbish, and they do not come from Edgar Dale. Until the NTL can provide details about the original research, their version must also be treated as rubbish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Masters
- Medical Education and Informatics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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The outcome-based iCAN! / theyCAN! feedback paradigm differentiates strong and weak learning outcomes, learner diversity, and the learning outcomes of each learner: A shift to metacognitive assessment. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Can learning outcomes be transformed in useful tools revealing strong and weak learning outcomes, learners, teachers; reporting student self-assessment overestimation; informing formative feedback and summative examinations?
Methods
Based on the ESMO / ASCO global curriculum, 66 level-two learning outcomes were identified and transformed in the iCAN!-Oncology and theyCAN!-Oncology questionnaires, anonymously completed online, before and after teaching, by trainees and trainers respectively, in a five-day fulltime undergraduate oncology course.
Results
In total, students assessed themselves (iCAN!) with 55% before and 70% after the course (27% improvement); teachers assessed students (theyCAN!) with 43% before and 69% after (60% improvement). Twenty level-two learning outcomes (30%) were scored below the pass / fail cut-point by students while 46 (70%) by teachers, before the course; none after the course. Students assessed themselves the highest in “TNM system” before (81%) and after (82%), while the teachers assessed students so in “Normal cell biology” before (72%) and “Moral / ethical issues in clinical research” after (83%). The lowest assessed outcome was the “Research protocol” by students (28%) and teachers (18%) before, and the “Anticancer agents” after (54% by both). Individual students self-assessed themselves from 31% to 88% before, and from 54% to 88% after; individual teachers assessed students from 29% to 66% before, and from 55% to 94% after. The iCAN! / theyCAN! provided detailed individual student or teacher profile, tightfisted or generous.
Conclusions
The iCAN! / theyCAN! differentiate strong and weak learning outcomes, learners, teachers; reveal no student self-assessment overestimation; inform formative feedback and summative exams at a metacognitive level; generalize to any course and assessor; support evidence-based teaching and learning SWOT policy.
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McCoy CE, Alrabah R, Weichmann W, Langdorf MI, Ricks C, Chakravarthy B, Anderson C, Lotfipour S. Feasibility of Telesimulation and Google Glass for Mass Casualty Triage Education and Training. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:512-519. [PMID: 31123554 PMCID: PMC6526878 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.3.40805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using telesimulation to deliver an emergency medical services (EMS) course on mass casualty incident (MCI) training to healthcare providers overseas. Methods We conducted a feasibility study to establish the process for successful delivery of educational content to learners overseas via telesimulation over a five-month period. Participants were registrants in an EMS course on MCI triage broadcast from University of California, Irvine Medical Simulation Center. The intervention was a Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) course. The primary outcome was successful implementation of the course via telesimulation. The secondary outcome was an assessment of participant thoughts, feelings, and attitudes via a qualitative survey. We also sought to obtain quantitative data that would allow for the assessment of triage accuracy. Descriptive statistics were used to express the percentage of participants with favorable responses to survey questions. Results All 32 participants enrolled in the course provided a favorable response to all questions on the survey regarding their thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward learning via telesimulation with wearable/mobile technology. Key barriers and challenges identified included dependability of Internet connection, choosing appropriate software platforms to deliver content, and intercontinental time difference considerations. The protocol detailed in this study demonstrated the successful implementation and feasibility of providing education and training to learners at an off-site location. Conclusion In this feasibility study, we were able to demonstrate the successful implementation of an intercontinental MCI triage course using telesimulation and wearable/mobile technology. Healthcare providers expressed a positive favorability toward learning MCI triage via telesimulation. We were also able to establish a process to obtain quantitative data that would allow for the calculation of triage accuracy for further experimental study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eric McCoy
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Rola Alrabah
- King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Warren Weichmann
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Mark I Langdorf
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Cameron Ricks
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Irvine, California
| | - Bharath Chakravarthy
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Craig Anderson
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Shahram Lotfipour
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
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Khalil MKM, El-Olemy AT, Aboushanab TS, AlMudaiheem A, Hussein AA, AlSanad S. Posttraining Knowledge Retention among Licensed Cupping Providers in Saudi Arabia. Complement Med Res 2019; 26:329-335. [PMID: 30943523 DOI: 10.1159/000497357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the licensing requirements for cupping providers in Saudi Arabia is to attend a compulsory training course that lasts 5 days for non-physicians and 4 days for physicians, irrespective of any previous experience in cupping therapy. The course is conducted by the National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM/MOH). As a part of course auditing, the current study aimed to evaluate knowledge retention among licensed cupping providers 1-3 years after passing the official cupping course. METHODS Licensed cupping providers were invited to attend a continuing medical education activity. Sixty-two attended the continuing medical education activity. Before the event, participants were asked to answer 35 multiple-choice questions taken from the same data bank as the pretest and posttest of the course. The test scores were linked and compared with the pre- and posttest of the training course. RESULTS A paired t test showed significant differences between the pre- and posttest knowledge scores (mean difference: 224.6 ± 86, p = 0.0001) and between the posttest and follow-up knowledge scores (mean difference: -115.26 ± 103.9, p = 0.0001). The follow-up score was still significantly higher than the pretest score, with a mean difference of 112 (95% CI: 83.66-140.34, p = 0.0001). There was no significant effect of category (physician vs. non-physician) on knowledge retention after controlling for the postcourse score. Gender, the total duration of experience, and total years of experience in cupping did not affect knowledge score retention between the physicians and the non-physicians. CONCLUSION The official cupping training course of the NCCAM/MOH achieved reasonable knowledge retention. To achieve long-term knowledge retention, refresher training/courses and continuous professional development will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K M Khalil
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed T El-Olemy
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, .,Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Tamer Shaban Aboushanab
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlMudaiheem
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Abdelmoneim Hussein
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud AlSanad
- National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Meng X, Yang L, Sun H, Du X, Yang B, Guo H. Using a Novel Student-centered Teaching Method to Improve Pharmacy Student Learning. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:6505. [PMID: 30962633 PMCID: PMC6448517 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To improve students' learning and develop their learning skills in pharmacy education. Methods. A novel teaching method composed of Self-study, Test, Question and Discussion (STQD) sessions uses self-, peer-, co-learning, active learning, inductive teaching, and formative assessment to promote student-centered teaching in pharmacy education. STQD has been implemented within courses focusing on instrumental analysis and analytical chemistry. In a four-year study, qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of STQD in facilitating students' learning. Results. Students positively evaluated their experience in STQD class with an overall mean and standard deviation of 4.35 (0.64) in a 5-point Likert scale, where a score of 1 is "strongly disagree" and a score of 5 is "strongly agree." The final examination results showed students' average score in an STQD class was higher than students' average score in a traditional class. Most students indicated that the STQD improved their learning ability, communication ability and facilitated their learning. Conclusion. The use of STQD in an integrated basic science curriculum has the potential to develop students' learning skills and improve their learning in pharmacy education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lianrong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Aghera A, Emery M, Bounds R, Bush C, Stansfield RB, Gillett B, Santen SA. A Randomized Trial of SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing after Simulation to Promote Educational Actions. West J Emerg Med 2017; 19:112-120. [PMID: 29383065 PMCID: PMC5785177 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2017.11.36524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Goal setting is used in education to promote learning and performance. Debriefing after clinical scenario-based simulation is a well-established practice that provides learners a defined structure to review and improve performance. Our objective was to integrate formal learning goal generation, using the SMART framework (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound), into standard debriefing processes (i.e., “SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing”) and subsequently measure the impact on the development of learning goals and execution of educational actions. Methods This was a prospective multicenter randomized controlled study of 80 emergency medicine residents at three academic hospitals comparing the effectiveness of SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing to a standard debriefing. Residents were block randomized on a rolling basis following a simulation case. SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing included five minutes of formal instruction on the development of SMART learning goals during the summary/application phase of the debrief. Outcome measures included the number of recalled learning goals, self-reported executed educational actions, and quality of each learning goal and educational action after a two-week follow-up period. Results The mean number of reported learning goals was similar in the standard debriefing group (mean 2.05 goals, SD 1.13, n=37 residents), and in the SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing group (mean 1.93, SD 0.96, n=43), with no difference in learning goal quality. Residents receiving SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing completed more educational actions on average (Control group actions completed 0.97 (SD 0.87), SMART debrief group 1.44 (SD 1.03) p=0.03). Conclusion The number and quality of learning goals reported by residents was not improved as a result of SMART Goal Enhanced Debriefing. Residents did, however, execute more educational actions, which is consistent with the overarching intent of any educational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amish Aghera
- Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matt Emery
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Spectrum Health Emergency Medicine Residency, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Richard Bounds
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Colleen Bush
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Spectrum Health Emergency Medicine Residency, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Brian Gillett
- Maimonides Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Sally A Santen
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Tomlinson S, Haas M, Skaugset LM, Cico SJ, Wolff M, Santen S, Lin M, Huang R. Using Twitter to increase content dissemination and control educational content with Presenter Initiated and Generated Live Educational Tweets (PIGLETs). MEDICAL TEACHER 2017; 39:768-772. [PMID: 28449610 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2017.1317727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Live-tweeting during educational presentations is typically learner-generated and can lead to misquoted information. Presenter curated tweets have not been well described. We created Presenter Initiated and Generated Live Educational Tweets (PIGLETs) with the goal to broaden the reach of educational conferences. We hypothesized that using PIGLETs would increase the reach and exposure of our material. We developed a prospective single-arm intervention study performed during the "Not Another Boring Lecture" workshops presented at two national conferences in 2015. Presenters tweeted PIGLETs linked to unique hashtags #NotAnotherBoringLecture and #InnovateMedEd. Analytic software was used to measure the following outcomes: (1) number of tweets published by presenters versus learners, (2) reach (users exposed to content containing the hashtag), and (3) exposure (total number of times content was delivered). One hundred and twenty-six participants attended the workshops. A total of 636 tweets (including retweets) were sent by presenters containing the study hashtags, compared with 162 sent by learners. #NotAnotherBoringLecture reached 47,200 users and generated 136,400 impressions; #InnovateMedEd reached 36,400 users and generated 79,100 impressions. PIGLETs allowed presenters to reach a significant number of learners, as well as control the content delivered through Twitter. PIGLETs can be used to augment educational sessions beyond the physical confines of the classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomlinson
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Michigan Health Systems , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Mary Haas
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Michigan Health Systems , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - L Melissa Skaugset
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , Mary Bridge Children's Hospital , Tacoma , WA , USA
| | - Stephen J Cico
- c Department of Emergency Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Margaret Wolff
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Michigan Health Systems , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Sally Santen
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Michigan Health Systems , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- d Department of Emergency Medicine , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Robert Huang
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Michigan Health Systems , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Cooper AZ, Richards JB. Lectures for Adult Learners: Breaking Old Habits in Graduate Medical Education. Am J Med 2017; 130:376-381. [PMID: 27908794 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Z Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
| | - Jeremy B Richards
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and Internal Medicine Clerkship, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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Educational Outcomes of Small-Group Discussion Versus Traditional Lecture Format in Dental Students’ Learning and Skills Acquisition. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.4.tb06104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sankaranarayanan G, Li B, Miller A, Wakily H, Jones SB, Schwaitzberg S, Jones DB, De S, Olasky J. Face validation of the Virtual Electrosurgery Skill Trainer (VEST©). Surg Endosc 2016; 30:730-738. [PMID: 26092003 PMCID: PMC4685014 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrosurgery is a modality that is widely used in surgery, whose use has resulted in injuries, OR fires and even death. The SAGES has established the FUSE program to address the knowledge gap in the proper and safe usage of electrosurgical devices. Complementing it, we have developed the Virtual Electrosurgery Skill Trainer (VEST(©)), which is designed to train subjects in both cognitive and motor skills necessary to safely operate electrosurgical devices. The objective of this study is to asses the face validity of the VEST(©) simulator. METHODS Sixty-three subjects were recruited at the 2014 SAGES Learning Center. They all completed the monopolar electrosurgery module on the VEST(©) simulator. At the end of the study, subjects assessed the face validity with questions that were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS The subjects were divided into two groups; FUSE experience (n = 15) and no FUSE experience (n = 48). The median score for both the groups was 4 or higher on all questions and 5 on questions on effectiveness of VEST(©) in aiding learning electrosurgery fundamentals. Questions on using the simulator in their own skills lab and recommending it to their peers also scored at 5. Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) indicating a general agreement. 46% of the respondents preferred VEST compared with 52% who preferred animal model and 2% preferred both for training in electrosurgery. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the face validity of the VEST(©) simulator. High scores showed that the simulator was visually realistic and reproduced lifelike tissue effects and the features were adequate enough to provide high realism. The self-learning instructional material was also found to be very useful in learning the fundamentals of electrosurgery. Adding more modules would increase the applicability of the VEST(©) simulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Baichun Li
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Sheyang, China
| | - Amie Miller
- Boon Shaft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Hussna Wakily
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniel B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suvranu De
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jaisa Olasky
- Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, 300 Mount Auburn Street Suite 407, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Kasch C, Haimerl P, Heuwieser W, Arlt S. Do Veterinary Students See a Need for More In-Course Discussion? A Survey. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 42:340-345. [PMID: 26315213 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0415-053r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rather than merely transferring information, veterinary education should stimulate and motivate students and encourage them to think. Currently in veterinary education, most curricula use the method of frontal teaching (e.g., in lectures). A student-centered critical approach to information is rarely used. Our research sought to determine if students consider in-course discussion useful and if sufficient possibilities for discussion are provided and supported by their lecturers. In December 2013, we conducted a survey of fourth-year students. Specifically, we wanted to know if students consider in-course discussion about course content useful for successful learning and if students wish to have more opportunities for discussion during class time. Finally, we wanted to identify barriers that limit the students' motivation and ability to engage in discussion of course content. In total, 105 students completed the survey. The majority of students agreed or strongly agreed that clinical topics should be discussed during class time. Frequently stated reasons were improved learning (85.7%) and the opportunity to look at topics from different perspectives (92.4%). In conclusion, we found a considerable dearth of and request for discussion within veterinary education. In light of these findings, we emphasize the need for new teaching strategies that promote independent thinking and critical questioning. We suggest the implementation of more discussion opportunities in well considered and moderated settings in veterinary teaching.
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Menet A, Assez N, Lacroix D. Cross analysis of knowledge and learning methods followed by French residents in cardiology. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 108:420-7. [PMID: 25921839 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No scientific assessment of the theoretical teaching of cardiology in France is available. AIM To analyse the impact of the available teaching modalities on the theoretical knowledge of French residents in cardiology. METHODS Electronic questionnaires were returned by 283 residents. In the first part, an inventory of the teaching/learning methods was taken, using 21 questions (Yes/No format). The second part was a knowledge test, comprising 15 multiple-choice questions, exploring the core curriculum. RESULTS Of the 21 variables tested, four emerged as independent predictors of the score obtained in the knowledge test: access to self-assessment (P=0.0093); access to teaching methods other than lectures (P=0.036); systematic discussion about clinical decisions (P=0.013); and the opportunity to prepare and give lectures (P=0.039). The fifth variable was seniority in residency (P=0.0003). Each item of the knowledge test was analysed independently: the score was higher when teaching the item was driven by reading guidelines and was lower if the item had not been covered by the programme (P<0.001). Finally, 91% of students would find it useful to have a national source for each topic of the curriculum; 76% of them would often connect to an e-learning platform if available. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to rethink teaching in cardiology by involving students in the training, by using teaching methods other than lectures and by facilitating access to self-assessment. The use of digital tools may be a particularly effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Menet
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Assez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Dominique Lacroix
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Faculty of Medicine, université Lille-2, 59000 Lille, France.
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Masters K. Nipping an education myth in the bud: Poh's brain activity during lectures. MEDICAL TEACHER 2014; 36:732-735. [PMID: 24965519 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.916785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The debate around the value of lectures is raging strongly, and new empirical data arguing against the value of lectures comes from a chart showing student brain activity during lectures. The evidence from the chart, however, suffers from crucial problems. These include a small and unspecific sample, mislabeling of the student activities, and a misinterpretation of the type of measurement. This chart has appeared on the Internet, in education conferences and journals, and recently at a medical education conference. For medical education to be taken seriously, it is crucial that researchers apply the same standards that they would to clinical research. As a result, this chart should be avoided in the debate on the value of lectures before it has a chance to follow a pattern in medical education set by other myths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Masters
- Medical Education and Informatics Unit, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Sultanate of Oman
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Impact of a hands-on component on learning in the Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy™ (FUSE) curriculum: a randomized-controlled trial in surgical trainees. Surg Endosc 2014; 28:2772-82. [PMID: 24789134 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While energy devices are ubiquitous in the operating room, they remain poorly understood and can result in significant complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent to which adding a novel bench-top component improves learning of SAGES' Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy™ (FUSE) electrosurgery curriculum among surgical trainees. METHODS Surgical residents participated in a 1-h didactic electrosurgery (ES) course, based on the FUSE curriculum. They were then randomized to one of two groups: an unstructured hands-on session where trainees used ES devices (control group) or a goal-directed hands-on training session (Sim group). Pre- and post-curriculum (immediate and at 3 months) assessments included knowledge of ES (multiple-choice examination), self-perceived competence for each of the 35 course objectives (questionnaire), and self-perceived comfort with performance of seven tasks related to safe use of ES. Data expressed as median[interquartile range], *p < 0.05. RESULTS 56 (29 control; 27 Sim) surgical trainees completed the curriculum and assessments. Baseline characteristics, including pre-curriculum exam and questionnaire scores, were similar. Total score on the exam improved from 46%[40;54] to 84%[77;91]* for the entire cohort, with higher immediate post-curriculum scores in the Sim group compared to controls (89%[83;94] vs. 83%[71;86]*). At 3 months, performance on the exam declined in both groups, but remained higher in the Sim group (77%[69;90] vs 60%[51;80]*). Participants in both groups reported feeling greater comfort and competence post-curriculum (immediate and at 3 months) compared to baseline. This improvement was greater in the Sim group with a higher proportion feeling "Very Comfortable" or "Fully Competent" (Sim: 3/7 tasks and 28/35 objectives; control: 0/7 tasks and 10/35 objectives). CONCLUSIONS A FUSE-based curriculum improved surgical trainees' knowledge and comfort in the safe use of electrosurgical devices. The addition of a structured interactive bench-top simulation component further improved learning and retention at 3 months.
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