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Villagra UMM, da Cunha BR, Polachini GM, Henrique T, Stefanini ACB, de Castro TB, da Silva CHTP, Feitosa OA, Fukuyama EE, López RVM, Dias-Neto E, Nunes FD, Severino P, Tajara EH. Expression of Truncated Products at the 5'-Terminal Region of RIPK2 and Evolutive Aspects that Support Their Biological Importance. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae106. [PMID: 38752399 PMCID: PMC11221433 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is the process of generating different mRNAs from the same primary transcript, which contributes to increase the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Abnormal splicing has been associated with the development of several diseases including cancer. Given that mutations and abnormal levels of the RIPK2 transcript and RIP-2 protein are frequent in tumors, and that RIP-2 modulates immune and inflammatory responses, we investigated alternative splicing events that result in partial deletions of the kinase domain at the N-terminus of RIP-2. We also investigated the structure and expression of the RIPK2 truncated variants and isoforms in different environments. In addition, we searched data throughout Supraprimates evolution that could support the biological importance of RIPK2 alternatively spliced products. We observed that human variants and isoforms were differentially regulated following temperature stress, and that the truncated transcript was more expressed than the long transcript in tumor samples. The inverse was found for the longer protein isoform. The truncated variant was also detected in chimpanzee, gorilla, hare, pika, mouse, rat, and tree shrew. The fact that the same variant has been preserved in mammals with divergence times up to 70 million years raises the hypothesis that it may have a functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises M M Villagra
- Faculty of Exact Sciences, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute (IBBM), National University of La Plata-CCT, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Bianca R da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana M Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tialfi Bergamin de Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Microbial Pathogenesis Department, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Olavo A Feitosa
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica E Fukuyama
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Cancer Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, State of São Paulo Cancer Institute—ICESP, Clinics Hospital, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ahdoot S, Baum CR, Cataletto MB, Hogan P, Wu CB, Bernstein A. Climate Change and Children's Health: Building a Healthy Future for Every Child. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023065505. [PMID: 38374808 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-065505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Observed changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, sea level, and extreme weather are destabilizing major determinants of human health. Children are at higher risk of climate-related health burdens than adults because of their unique behavior patterns; developing organ systems and physiology; greater exposure to air, food, and water contaminants per unit of body weight; and dependence on caregivers. Climate change harms children through numerous pathways, including air pollution, heat exposure, floods and hurricanes, food insecurity and nutrition, changing epidemiology of infections, and mental health harms. As the planet continues to warm, climate change's impacts will worsen, threatening to define the health and welfare of children at every stage of their lives. Children who already bear higher burden of disease because of living in low-wealth households and communities, lack of access to high quality education, and experiencing racism and other forms of unjust discrimination bear greater risk of suffering from climate change hazards. Climate change solutions, advanced through collaborative work of pediatricians, health systems, communities, corporations, and governments lead to immediate gains in child health and equity and build a foundation for generations of children to thrive. This technical report reviews the nature of climate change and its associated child health effects and supports the recommendations in the accompanying policy statement on climate change and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ahdoot
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Carl R Baum
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Bono Cataletto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Patrick Hogan
- Pediatric Residency Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina B Wu
- O'Neill Center for Global and National Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yao R, Yamada K, Kito T, Aizu N, Iwata D, Izawa S, Nishii K, Sawada H, Chihara T. Novel shaking exercises for hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex functioning maintain spatial working memory. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112024. [PMID: 36372283 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decline in spatial working memory is one of the earliest signs of normal brain aging. OBJECTIVE We developed a novel physical exercise method, termed the "shaking exercise," to slow down this process. METHODS The experimental protocol included administering the shaking exercise for 8-32 weeks in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP-10). They were subjected to the T-maze test, followed by immunohistochemical analysis, to assess the influence of the shaking exercise on the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM1) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) of the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (dHC-mPFC). RESULTS The T-maze test demonstrated that the shaking group had less hesitation in the face of selecting direction at week 24. In the immunohistochemical analysis, more CHRM1s were in the CA3 subregion and more AMPARs were in the subiculum. CHRM1s and AMPARs were maintained in the CA1 region and the mPFC. The CHRM1s seem to have a positive effect on the AMPAR in the dentate gyrus (DG) region and the CA3 region. In the CA1 region, CHRM1s were negatively correlated with AMPARs. In addition, high-density neurons were expressed in the shaking group in the upstream DG, the middle part and the distal part of CA3, the distal part of CA1, and the mPFC. CONCLUSIONS Our results raise the possibility that maintenance of the spatial working memory effect observed with the shaking exercise is driven in part by the uneven affection of CHRM1s and AMPARs in the dHC-mPFC circuit system and significantly maintains the neuronal expression in the dHC-mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Yao
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, Satte, Saitama 340-0145, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kouji Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Aizu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Daiki Iwata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Sho Izawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nishii
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hirohide Sawada
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi, Mie 512-8045, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Chihara
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi, Mie 512-8045, Japan.
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Stover MG, Villano JS. Evaluation of Various IVC Systems According to Mouse Reproductive Performance and Husbandry and Environmental Parameters. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:31-41. [PMID: 34980294 PMCID: PMC8786386 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
IVC systems are marketed for improving the health and management of mouse colonies. The current study compared mouse reproductive performance and husbandry and environmental parameters among 3 high-density (HD) IVC rack systems (RS1, RS2, and RS3), which were present in separate but comparable rooms. Three breeding trios each of Swiss Webster (CFW) and BALB/c mice were placed in each rack (n = 36 female, n = 18 male). Reproductive indices were measured for 3 breeding cycles over 2 generations; indices included time to parturition, litter size and pup weight, survivability, and interbirth interval. Over 18 wk, personnel used scoring systems to evaluate each RS daily to every other week according to cage dirtiness, need for spot changing, ease of cage changing, daily health checks, and cage wash processing. Macroenvironmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, noise, total particulate matter) were measured weekly over 14 wks. Microenvironmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, NH₃, CO₂, O₂) of 2 cages each of male and female CFW mice (4 mice/cage) on each RS were measured at 6 time points over 2 wks. RS1 had significantly smaller mean litter sizes of CFW mice (mean ± 1 SD, 6.5 ± 2.9 pups) as compared with both RS2 (9.5 ± 1.7 pups) and RS3 (9.3 ± 3.8 pups). RS1 scored as being significantly easier to process through the cage wash. RS2 had significantly lower room noise levels (46.0 ± 5.0 dBA) but higher humidity (58.6% ± 8.9%) as compared with both RS1 (43.7% ± 9.9%) and RS3 (46.0% ± 12.0%) over the 2-wk cycle, particularly at 8 and 12 d after cage change. In conclusion, in terms of mouse reproductive performance and husbandry and environmental parameters, each system had at least 1 advantage over the other 2. Therefore, various factors should be considered when choosing an IVC system for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel G Stover
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, and
- Research Animal Resources, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason S Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, and
- Research Animal Resources, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Gadzicka E, Siedlecka J, Szyjkowska A, Viebig P, Kozak P, Bortkiewicz A. Climate conditions and work-related fatigue among professional drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:121-128. [PMID: 30411249 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible associations between climate parameters and drivers' fatigue have not been subject to specific studies thus far. We have undertaken a study to investigate whether the particular climate parameters are related to fatigue perception by motor vehicle drivers. The study was performed from July to October. Each driver was surveyed four times: before and after workshift on a monotonous route outside the city center (MR), and on a heavy traffic route in the city center (HTR). The study was conducted among 45 city bus drivers aged 31-58 years (43.7 ± 7.9), seniority as driver 3-34 years (14.7 ± 8.6). Data on climate conditions (ambient temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, precipitations) on particular study days was obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute Warsaw, Poland. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire, developed at Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (Lodz, Poland). The total level of fatigue was significantly (p = 0.045) higher after driving on HTR than on MR. The number of symptoms was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) among drivers working on HTR. After MR, significant correlations were found between wind speed and heavy eyelid feeling, being prone to forgetting, eye strain, frequent blinking, and between ambient temperature and feeling thirsty. After HTR feeling thirsty, tiredness and difficulty in making decisions correlated with ambient temperature and feeling thirsty with wind speed. Climate conditions can modify the drivers fatigue; therefore, we should be aware of their impact on well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gadzicka
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Siedlecka
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Szyjkowska
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Viebig
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozak
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, 61 Podlesna St., 01-673, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Bortkiewicz
- Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
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Robert Brašić J, Mari Z, Lerner A, Raymont V, Zaidi E, Wong DF. Remission of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome after Heat-Induced Dehydration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6. [PMID: 30090843 PMCID: PMC6078428 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9096.1000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat has been reported to exert variable effects on people with Gilles de
la Tourette syndrome (TS). At age 24 years, a 32-year-old right-handed man with
TS experienced a marked reduction in tics for two years after undergoing
dehydration by entering a hot tub at 103°F (39.4°C) to
104°F (40.0°C) for 3 to 4 hours. On the Yale Global Tic Severity
Scale (YGTSS) he scored 55 seven months before dehydration and 13 one month
after dehydration. An intense heat exposure and dehydration led to an apparent
remission in tics. The remission continued without the use of prescribed or
nonprescribed medications or substances for two years until tics returned in the
worst ever exacerbation after a tetanus immunization. The heat exposure may have
altered at least temporarily his thermostat for normal heat-loss mechanisms
through dopaminergic pathways from the anterior hypothalamus to the basal
ganglia and the substantia nigra. Whether or not that mechanism or some other
mechanism relevant to the heat exposure and/or dehydration is at play, the
sudden and marked improvement in his tics needs further attention. Prospective
testing of the heat and dehydration effect on tics should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robert Brašić
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alicja Lerner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eram Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Robin N, Coudevylle GR, Hue O, Toussaint L. The influences of tropical climate on imagined walking time. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2017.1384382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Robin
- Laboratoire “Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé”, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Guillaume R. Coudevylle
- Laboratoire “Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé”, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Olivier Hue
- Laboratoire “Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé”, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Lucette Toussaint
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage
- Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Abstract
There is little doubt that increases in thermal load beyond the thermo-neutral state prove progressively stressful to all living organisms. Increasing temperatures across the globe represent in some locales, and especially for outdoors workers, a significant source of such chronic load increase. However, increases in thermal load affect cognition as well as physical work activities. Such human cognition has perennially been viewed as the primary conduit through which to solve many of the iatrogenic challenges we now face. Yet, thermal stress degrades the power to think. Here, we advance and refine the isothermal description of such cognitive decrements, founded upon a synthesis of extant empirical evidence. We report a series of mathematical functions which describe task-specific patterns of performance deterioration, linking such degrees of decrement to the time/temperature conditions in which they occur. Further, we provide a simple, free software tool to support such calculations so that adverse thermal loads can be monitored, assessed and (where possible) mitigated to preserve healthy cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P A Hancock
- b Department of Psychology , Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE This paper investigates the thermal conditions inside a passenger car driven after it was left a few hours in a shade-less parking lot, and the related implications for the driving performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental results for twelve tests carried out in four different vehicles are presented and discussed. Each test is characterized by means of the predicted core temperature tcore of the driver after 60 minutes, as calculated by a heat stress model. The fractional performance loss is calculated by adjusting existing algorithms for office tasks to accommodate literature data on driving-related tasks, and then re-casting the algorithm as a function of tcore instead of the air temperature ta. RESULTS Based on measured temperatures and humidities, fractional performance losses up to 50% are predicted even for relatively simple tasks such as keeping the vehicle on a straight course. Performance losses in excess of 75% are predicted, under the most extreme thermal conditions, for demanding tasks, such as correctly identifying a signal and reacting in due time. CONCLUSIONS The implementation in technical standards on heat stress assessment of two new thresholds is recommended. The lower threshold, to be set at tcore ≅ 37.1 °C, is aimed at ensuring that the subject is able to carry out demanding mental tasks without appreciable performance loss, while the higher threshold, to be set at tcore ≅ 37.2 °C applies to simpler tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lenzuni
- Department of Florence, INAIL-Research Area , Florence , Italy
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The Effect of Prolonged Light Intensity Exercise in the Heat on Executive Function. Wilderness Environ Med 2013; 24:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Qian S, Sun G, Jiang Q, Liu K, Li B, Li M, Yang X, Yang Z, Zhao L. Altered topological patterns of large-scale brain functional networks during passive hyperthermia. Brain Cogn 2013; 83:121-31. [PMID: 23959081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we simulated environmental heat exposure to 18 participants, and obtained functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) data during resting state. Brain functional networks were constructed over a wide range of sparsity threshold according to a prior atlas dividing the whole cerebrum into 90 regions. Results of graph theoretical approaches showed that although brain networks in both normal and hyperthermia conditions exhibited economical small-world property, significant alterations in both global and nodal network metrics were demonstrated during hyperthermia. Specifically, a lower clustering coefficient, maintained shortest path length, a lower small-worldness, a lower mean local efficiency were found, indicating a tendency shift to a randomized network. Additionally, significant alterations in nodal efficiency were found in bilateral gyrus rectus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral insula, right caudate nucleus, bilateral putamen, left temporal pole of middle temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus. In consideration of physiological system changes, we found that the alterations of normalized clustering coefficient, small-worldness, mean normalized local efficiency were significantly correlated with the rectal temperature alteration, but failed to obtain significant correlations with the weight loss. More importantly, behavioral attention network test (ANT) after MRI scanning showed that the ANT effects were altered and correlated with the alterations of some global metrics (normalized shortest path length and normalized global efficiency) and prefrontal nodal efficiency (right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and left orbital inferior frontal gyrus), implying behavioral deficits in executive control effects and maintained alerting and orienting effects during passive hyperthermia. The present study provided the first evidence for human brain functional disorder during passive hyperthermia according to graph theoretical analysis using resting-state fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Qian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Sun G, Qian S, Jiang Q, Liu K, Li B, Li M, Zhao L, Zhou Z, von Deneen KM, Liu Y. Hyperthermia-induced disruption of functional connectivity in the human brain network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61157. [PMID: 23593416 PMCID: PMC3620175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive hyperthermia is a potential risk factor to human cognitive performance and work behavior in many extreme work environments. Previous studies have demonstrated significant effects of passive hyperthermia on human cognitive performance and work behavior. However, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the exact affected brain regions and inter-regional connectivities. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We simulated 1 hour environmental heat exposure to thirty-six participants under two environmental temperature conditions (25 °C and 50 °C), and collected resting-state functional brain activity. The functional connectivities with a preselected region of interest (ROI) in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (PCC/PCu), furthermore, inter-regional connectivities throughout the entire brain using a prior Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas were calculated. We identified decreased correlations of a set of regions with the PCC/PCu, including the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and bilateral medial temporal cortex, as well as increased correlations with the partial orbitofrontal cortex particularly in the bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus. Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the hyperthermia (HT) group showed 65 disturbed functional connectivities with 50 of them being decreased and 15 of them being increased. While the decreased correlations mainly involved with the mOFC, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, increased correlations were mainly located within the limbic system. In consideration of physiological system changes, we explored the correlations of the number of significantly altered inter-regional connectivities with differential rectal temperatures and weight loss, but failed to obtain significant correlations. More importantly, during the attention network test (ANT) we found that the number of significantly altered functional connectivities was positively correlated with an increase in executive control reaction time. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We first identified the hyperthermia-induced altered functional connectivity patterns. The changes in the functional connectivity network might be a possible explanation for the cognitive performance and work behavior alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GS); (LZ)
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GS); (LZ)
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen M. von Deneen
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yijun Liu
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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van Rhoon GC, Samaras T, Yarmolenko PS, Dewhirst MW, Neufeld E, Kuster N. CEM43°C thermal dose thresholds: a potential guide for magnetic resonance radiofrequency exposure levels? Eur Radiol 2013; 23:2215-27. [PMID: 23553588 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define thresholds of safe local temperature increases for MR equipment that exposes patients to radiofrequency fields of high intensities for long duration. These MR systems induce heterogeneous energy absorption patterns inside the body and can create localised hotspots with a risk of overheating. METHODS The MRI + EUREKA research consortium organised a "Thermal Workshop on RF Hotspots". The available literature on thresholds for thermal damage and the validity of the thermal dose (TD) model were discussed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The following global TD threshold guidelines for safe use of MR are proposed: 1. All persons: maximum local temperature of any tissue limited to 39 °C 2. Persons with compromised thermoregulation AND (a) Uncontrolled conditions: maximum local temperature limited to 39 °C (b) Controlled conditions: TD < 2 CEM43°C 3. Persons with uncompromised thermoregulation AND (a) Uncontrolled conditions: TD < 2 CEM43°C (b) Controlled conditions: TD < 9 CEM43°C The following definitions are applied: Controlled conditions A medical doctor or a dedicated trained person can respond instantly to heat-induced physiological stress Compromised thermoregulation All persons with impaired systemic or reduced local thermoregulation KEY POINTS • Standard MRI can cause local heating by radiofrequency absorption. • Monitoring thermal dose (in units of CEM43°C) can control risk during MRI. • 9 CEM43°C seems an acceptable thermal dose threshold for most patients. • For skin, muscle, fat and bone,16 CEM43°C is likely acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C van Rhoon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sun G, Li M, Yang Z, Li L, Jiang Q, Zhao L. Hyperthermia exposure impaired the early stage of face recognition: An ERP study. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:605-20. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.720345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sun G, Yang X, Jiang Q, Liu K, Li B, Li L, Zhao L, Li M. Hyperthermia impairs the executive function using the Attention Network Test. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:621-6. [PMID: 22946455 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.705217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of passive hyperthermia on the human attention system using the Attention Network Test (ANT), which has been used in both healthy controls and patients. Using target contrasts between conditions within a Flanker paradigm, the ANT can isolate three essential networks in the attention system: maintaining an alert state that is receptive to stimulus input and ready for responding; orienting, which involves selection of sensory input; and executive control, which monitors for and resolves conflict in responding or other aspects of cognitive processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ANT was administered to 16 right-handed subjects in a heat stress condition (50°C, 40% relative humidity) and a control condition (20°C, 40% relative humidity), for 1 hour each. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy rate as well as mean body core temperature (T-core) and body weight loss were recorded. RESULTS Compared to the control condition, T-cores significantly increased and body weight was not significantly reduced in the heat stress condition. Overall, there were non-significant group differences for RT and accuracy rate. Although significant changes in neither alerting nor orienting effects were modulated by the simulated hyperthermia, the executive control effect on RTs was significantly larger in the heat compared to the control condition. CONCLUSIONS Passive hyperthermia impaired executive control function, whereas alerting and orienting effects were unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Morley J, Beauchamp G, Suyama J, Guyette FX, Reis SE, Callaway CW, Hostler D. Cognitive function following treadmill exercise in thermal protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1733-40. [PMID: 21892644 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Occupational injuries are common among firefighters who perform strenuous physical exertion in extreme heat. The thermal protective clothing (TPC) worn by firefighters inhibits normal thermoregulation, placing the firefighter at risk of hypohydration and hyperthermia that may result in cognitive decline. We tested whether cognitive function changes after treadmill exercise in TPC. In an initial study (Cog 1), ten healthy volunteers performed up to 50 min of treadmill exercise while wearing TPC in a heated room. A battery of neurocognitive tests evaluating short-term memory, sustained and divided attention, and reaction time was administered immediately before and after exercise. In a follow-up study (Cog 2), 19 healthy volunteers performed a similar exercise protocol with the battery of cognitive tests administered pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and serially up to 120 min after exercise. Subjects performed 46.4 ± 4.6 and 48.1 ± 3.6 min of exercise in the Cog 1 and Cog 2, respectively. In both studies heart rate approached age predicted maximum, body mass was reduced 1.0-1.5 kg, and body core temperature increased to levels similar to what is seen after fire suppression. Neurocognitive test scores did not change immediately after exercise. Recall on a memory test was reduced 60 and 120 min after exercise. The mean of the 10 slowest reaction times increased in the 120 min after exercise. Fifty minutes of treadmill exercise in TPC resulted in near maximal physiologic strain but alterations in neurocognitive performance were not noted until an hour or more following exercise in TPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Responder Human Performance Lab, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes Ave, Suite 400A, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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