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Bus JD, Boumans IJMM, Engel J, Te Beest DE, Webb LE, Bokkers EAM. Circadian rhythms and diurnal patterns in the feed intake behaviour of growing-finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16021. [PMID: 37749122 PMCID: PMC10519948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The feeding behaviour of growing-finishing pigs is an important indicator of performance, health and welfare, but this use is limited by its large, poorly-understood variation. We explored the variation in basal feed intake of individual pigs by detecting circadian rhythms, extracting features of diurnal patterns and assessing consistency over time, from day-to-day and across age. Hourly feed intake data of individual pigs (n = 110) was obtained during one growing-finishing phase, using electronic feeding stations. We applied wavelet analysis to assess rhythms and a hurdle generalised additive model to extract features of diurnal patterns. We found that circadian rhythms could be detected during 58 ± 3% (mean ± standard error) of days in the growing-finishing phase (range 0-100%), predominantly at older ages. Although the group diurnal intake pattern was alternans (small morning peak, larger afternoon peak), individual pigs showed a range of diurnal patterns that changed with age, differing mostly in the extent of night fasting and day-to-day consistency. Our results suggest that the type, day-to-day consistency and age development of diurnal patterns in feed intake show general group patterns but also differ between pigs. Using this knowledge, promising features may be selected to compare against production, health and welfare parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta D Bus
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris J M M Boumans
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis E Te Beest
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Webb
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddie A M Bokkers
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Borisenkov MF, Tserne TA, Bakutova LA, Gubin DG. Food addiction and emotional eating are associated with intradaily rest-activity rhythm variability. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3309-3316. [PMID: 35932417 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present investigation was to study the associations among parameters characterizing eating behavior and actimetry-derived indices of circadian rhythm of motor activity. METHODS The study involved 81 healthy participants (average age: 21.5 ± 9.6 y, women: 77.8%). Each study participant provided personal data, filled out the Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and wore a wrist actimeter for 7 consecutive days to record motor activity. Using time series treatments, we obtained: (a) three cosinor-derived parametric indices [Medline Estimating Statistics of Rhythm (MESOR), amplitude, and acrophase], and (b) four non-parametric indices [interdaily stability, intradaily variability (I.V.), most active 10-h period (M10), and least active 5-h period] characterizing the 24-h rhythm of motor activity. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and BMI was performed to assess the associations among the studied indicators. RESULTS It was shown that I.V. is a predictor of symptoms of food addiction (β = 0.242, P = 0.037) and emotional eating (β = 0.390, P = 0.004), MESOR is a predictor of symptoms of food addiction (β = 0.342, P = 0.003), and M10 predicts restraint (β = 0.257, P = 0.015) and emotional eating (β = 0.464, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION It was shown for the first time that an increase in symptom counts of food addiction is associated with an increase in the average level and fragmentation of 24-h rhythm of motor activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
| | - Tatyana A Tserne
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Larisa A Bakutova
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Denis G Gubin
- Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia.,Tyumen Cardiology Research Centre, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia
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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Casado-Ramirez E, Moreno-Casbas MT, Campos M, Madrid JA, Rol MA. Living at the Wrong Time: Effects of Unmatching Official Time in Portugal and Western Spain. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1130. [PMID: 36009758 PMCID: PMC9404853 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human circadian rhythmicity is subjected to the internal circadian clock, the sun and social clocks (official time, social/work schedules). The discrepancy among these clocks, as occurs when official time does not match its geographical time zone, may produce circadian disruption. Western Spain (GMT+1/+2) and Portugal (GMT0/+1) share similar longitudes (sun time) but have different official times. This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of official time on circadian rhythmicity and sleep in elderly and retired populations (with no remunerated duties presumed, although other social commitments may be present) at both locations. Although both populations slept enough for their age (7-8 h), circadian robustness (e.g., interdaily stability, relative amplitude) was greater in Portugal, especially during weekdays, while greater desynchronization (both body temperature vs. motor activity and body temperature vs. light exposure) tended to occur in the Spaniards. Once corrected by GMT0, meals took place later in Spain than in Portugal, especially as the day progresses, and a possible interplay between bed/meal timings and internal desynchronization was found. Our results point to the possible deleterious effect on circadian system robustness when official time is misaligned with its geographical time zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Elvira Casado-Ramirez
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Cuidados y Servicios de Salud (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Cuidados y Servicios de Salud (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, INTICO, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (M.-T.M.-C.); (M.C.)
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Rojo-Wissar DM, Bai J, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Wolfson AR, Spira AP. Development of circadian rest-activity rhythms during the first year of life in a racially diverse cohort. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac078. [PMID: 35380731 PMCID: PMC9189964 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To describe the development of circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs) during infancy in a racially diverse cohort. METHODS We studied 414 infants from the Nurture birth cohort (51.2% female, 65.2% Black) who wore actigraphs on their left ankles for 4 days and nights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We quantified CRARs using cosinor and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis, and investigated change in CRARs over time, comparing 6, 9, and 12 months to CRARs at 3 months. We adjusted for baseline and time-varying covariates and used function-on-scalar regression (FOSR) to identify the specific times of day at which activity changes occurred. RESULTS Across the first year, daily mean and peak activity levels and day-to-day activity level regularity increased, and activity level fragmentation and nighttime activity decreased. Only at 9 months, compared to at 3 months, did timing of peak activity levels and the most active periods shift later, while timing of least active periods shifted earlier. FOSR analyses showed that mean activity levels decreased during nighttime hours and increased during daytime hours, with the most pronounced changes at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS Among racially diverse infants, CRARs became more robust, stable, and less fragmented over time. Findings suggest the greatest change from 3-month CRARs occurs at 9 months, which may be a key period of CRAR development. This and future research will contribute to our understanding of normative infant CRAR development in diverse populations and enable us to identify infants who may benefit from intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar
- The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Maryland
, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,USA
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5
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Almaida-Pagan PF, Torrente M, Campos M, Provencio M, Madrid JA, Franco F, Morilla BR, Cantos B, Sousa PA, Madrid MJM, Pimentao J, Rol MÁ. Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:135-149. [PMID: 35061192 PMCID: PMC8857092 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Almaida-Pagan
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torrente
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Calle Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Campos
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez Morilla
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cantos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Sousa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María José Martínez Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Pimentao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Li X, Kane M, Zhang Y, Sun W, Song Y, Dong S, Lin Q, Zhu Q, Jiang F, Zhao H. Circadian Rhythm Analysis Using Wearable Device Data: Novel Penalized Machine Learning Approach. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e18403. [PMID: 34647895 PMCID: PMC8554674 DOI: 10.2196/18403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable devices have been widely used in clinical studies to study daily activity patterns, but the analysis remains a major obstacle for researchers. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a novel method to characterize sleep-activity rhythms using actigraphy and further use it to describe early childhood daily rhythm formation and examine its association with physical development. METHODS We developed a machine learning-based Penalized Multiband Learning (PML) algorithm to sequentially infer dominant periodicities based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and further characterize daily rhythms. We implemented and applied the algorithm to Actiwatch data collected from a cohort of 262 healthy infants at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with 159, 101, 111, and 141 participants at each time point, respectively. Autocorrelation analysis and Fisher test in harmonic analysis with Bonferroni correction were applied for comparison with the PML. The association between activity rhythm features and early childhood motor development, assessed using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2), was studied through linear regression analysis. RESULTS The PML results showed that 1-day periodicity was most dominant at 6 and 12 months, whereas one-day, one-third-day, and half-day periodicities were most dominant at 18 and 24 months. These periodicities were all significant in the Fisher test, with one-fourth-day periodicity also significant at 12 months. Autocorrelation effectively detected 1-day periodicity but not the other periodicities. At 6 months, PDMS-2 was associated with the assessment seasons. At 12 months, PDMS-2 was associated with the assessment seasons and FFT signals at one-third-day periodicity (P<.001) and half-day periodicity (P=.04), respectively. In particular, the subcategories of stationary, locomotion, and gross motor were associated with the FFT signals at one-third-day periodicity (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The proposed PML algorithm can effectively conduct circadian rhythm analysis using time-series wearable device data. The application of the method effectively characterized sleep-wake rhythm development and identified the association between daily rhythm formation and motor development during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).,Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Kane
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Song
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumei Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmin Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Ghosh A, Rust S, Langford-Smith K, Weisberg D, Canal M, Breen C, Hepburn M, Tylee K, Vaz FM, Vail A, Wijburg F, O'Leary C, Parker H, Wraith JE, Bigger BW, Jones SA. High dose genistein in Sanfilippo syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1248-1262. [PMID: 34047372 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high dose genistein aglycone in Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III). High doses of genistein aglycone have been shown to correct neuropathology and hyperactive behaviour in mice, but efficacy in humans is uncertain. This was a single centre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled study with open-label extension phase. Randomised participants received either 160 mg/kg/day genistein aglycone or placebo for 12 months; subsequently all participants received genistein for 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the change in heparan sulfate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with secondary outcome measures including heparan sulfate in plasma and urine, total glycosaminoglycans in urine, cognitive and adaptive behaviour scores, quality of life measures and actigraphy. Twenty-one participants were randomised and 20 completed the placebo-controlled phase. After 12 months of treatment, the CSF heparan sulfate concentration was 5.5% lower in the genistein group (adjusted for baseline values), but this was not statistically significant (P = .26), and CSF heparan sulfate increased in both groups during the open-label extension phase. Reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycans was significantly greater in the genistein group (32.1% lower than placebo after 12 months, P = .0495). Other biochemical and clinical parameters showed no significant differences between groups. High dose genistein aglycone (160 mg/kg/day) was not associated with clinically meaningful reductions in CSF heparan sulfate and no evidence of clinical efficacy was detected. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in urine glycosaminoglycans. These data do not support the use of genistein aglycone therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis type III. High dose genistein aglycone does not lead to clinically meaningful reductions in biomarkers or improvement in neuropsychological outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis type III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Ghosh
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stewart Rust
- Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kia Langford-Smith
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Weisberg
- Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Canal
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Breen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle Hepburn
- Wellcome Trust Children's Clinical Research Facility, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andy Vail
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Frits Wijburg
- Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Ed Wraith
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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8
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Petrov ME, Jiao N, Panchanathan SS, Reifsnider E, Coonrod DV, Liu L, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Gu H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Whisner CM. Protocol of the Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito Study: a longitudinal study investigating the influences of sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiome development in infancy on rapid weight gain, an early risk factor for obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:374. [PMID: 34465311 PMCID: PMC8405858 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities are a pressing global issue among children of all ages, particularly among low-income populations. Rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of infancy contributes to childhood obesity. Suboptimal sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiota (GM) have also been associated with childhood obesity, but little is known about their influences on early infant RWG. Sleep may alter the GM and infant metabolism, and ultimately impact obesity; however, data on the interaction between sleep-wake patterns and GM development on infant growth are scarce. In this study, we aim to investigate associations of infant sleep-wake patterns and GM development with RWG at 6 months and weight gain at 12 months. We also aim to evaluate whether temporal interactions exist between infant sleep-wake patterns and GM, and if these relations influence RWG. METHODS The Snuggle Bug/ Acurrucadito study is an observational, longitudinal study investigating whether 24-h, actigraphy-assessed, sleep-wake patterns and GM development are associated with RWG among infants in their first year. Based on the Ecological Model of Growth, we propose a novel conceptual framework to incorporate sleep-wake patterns and the GM as metabolic contributors for RWG in the context of maternal-infant interactions, and familial and socio-physical environments. In total, 192 mother-infant pairs will be recruited, and sleep-wake patterns and GM development assessed at 3 and 8 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Covariates including maternal and child characteristics, family and environmental factors, feeding practices and dietary intake of infants and mothers, and stool-derived metabolome and exfoliome data will be assessed. The study will apply machine learning techniques combined with logistic time-varying effect models to capture infant growth and aid in elucidating the dynamic associations between study variables and RWG. DISCUSSION Repeated, valid, and objective assessment at clinically and developmentally meaningful intervals will provide robust measures of longitudinal sleep, GM, and growth. Project findings will provide evidence for future interventions to prevent RWG in infancy and subsequent obesity. The work also may spur the development of evidence-based guidelines to address modifiable factors that influence sleep-wake and GM development and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Nana Jiao
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarada S Panchanathan
- Valleywise Comprehensive Health Center - Phoenix (Pediatric Clinic), 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Dean V Coonrod
- Valleywise Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave BDA230B, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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9
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Duarte LL, Menna-Barreto L. Chronotypes and circadian rhythms in university students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1903791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L. Duarte
- Laboratório De Estudos Em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono. Centro De Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo Da Bahia, Santo Antônio De Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola De Artes Ciências E Humanidades, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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10
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Yu X, Quante M, Rueschman M, Ash T, Kaplan ER, Guo N, Horan CM, Haneuse S, Davison K, Taveras EM, Redline S. Emergence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in objectively measured sleep-wake patterns in early infancy: results of the Rise & SHINE study. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa193. [PMID: 33057653 PMCID: PMC7953214 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To characterize objectively assessed sleep-wake patterns in infants at approximately 1 month and 6 months and examine the differences among infants with different racial/ethnic backgrounds and household socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Full-term healthy singletons wore an ankle-placed actigraph at approximately 1 month and 6 months and parents completed sleep diaries. Associations of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic indices with sleep outcomes were examined using multivariable analyses. Covariates included sex, birth weight for gestational age z-score, age at assessment, maternal education, household income, bed-sharing, and breastfeeding. RESULTS The sample included 306 infants, of whom 51% were female, 42.5% non-Hispanic white, 32.7% Hispanic, 17.3% Asian, and 7.5% black. Between 1 month and 6 months, night sleep duration increased by 65.7 minutes (95% CI: 55.4, 76.0), night awakenings decreased by 2.2 episodes (2.0, 2.4), and daytime sleep duration decreased by 73.3 minutes (66.4, 80.2). Compared to change in night sleep duration over this development period for white infants (82.3 minutes [66.5, 98.0]), night sleep increased less for Hispanic (48.9 minutes [30.8, 66.9]) and black infants (31.6 minutes [-5.9, 69.1]). Night sleep duration also increased less for infants with lower maternal education and household income. Asian infants had more frequent night awakenings. Adjustment for maternal education and household income attenuated all observed day and night sleep duration differences other than in Asians, where persistently reduced nighttime sleep at 6 months was observed. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic differences in sleep emerge in early infancy. Night and 24-hour sleep durations increase less in Hispanic and black infants compared to white infants, with differences largely explained by SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Mirja Quante
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Rueschman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tayla Ash
- Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
- Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Emily R Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christine M Horan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Valente Pinto M, Davis K, Andrews N, Goldblatt D, Borrow R, Southern J, Nordgren IK, Vipond C, Plested E, Miller E, Snape MD. Understanding the reactogenicity of 4CMenB vaccine: Comparison of a novel and conventional method of assessing post-immunisation fever and correlation with pre-release in vitro pyrogen testing. Vaccine 2020; 38:7834-7841. [PMID: 33109390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of vaccine reactogenicity is crucial given its potential impact upon vaccine safety and acceptance. Here we report a comparison between conventional and novel (continuous) methods of monitoring temperature and evaluate any association between reactogenicity and the monocyte activation test (MAT) employed for testing four-component capsular group B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) batches prior to release for clinical use in Europe. METHODS Healthy 7-12-week-old infants were randomised in two groups: group PCV13 2 + 1 (received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 valent (PCV13) at 2, 4 and 12 months) and group PCV13 1 + 1 (received reduced schedule at 3 and 12 months). In both, infants received the remaining immunisations as per UK national schedule (including 4CMenB at 2, 4 and 12 months of age). Fever was measured for the first 24 h after immunisations using an axillary thermometer and with a wireless continuous temperature monitoring device (iButton®). To measure the relative pyrogenicity of individual 4CMenB batches, MAT was performed according to Ph. Eu. chapter 2.6.30 method C using PBMCs with IL-6 readout. RESULTS Fever rates detected by the iButton® ranged from 28.7% to 76.5% and from 46.6% to 71.1% in group PCV13 2 + 1 and PCV13 1 + 1 respectively, across all study visits. The iButton® recorded a higher number of fever episodes when compared with axillary measurements in both groups (range of axillary temperature fevers; group PCV13 2 + 1: 6.7%-38%; group PCV13 1 + 1: 11.4%-37.1%). An agreement between the two methods was between 0.39 and 0.36 (p < 0.001) at 8 h' time-point post primary immunisations. No correlation was found between MAT scores and fever rates, or other reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that conventional, intermittent, fever measurements underestimates fever rates following immunisation. 4CMenB MAT scores didn't predict reactogenicity, providing reassurance that vaccine batches with the highest acceptable pyrogen level are not associated with an increase in adverse events. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02482636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valente Pinto
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
| | - Kimberly Davis
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Andrews
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- Immunobiology Unit, UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ray Borrow
- Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Southern
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Karin Nordgren
- Division of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
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12
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Li X, Zhao H. Automated feature extraction from population wearable device data identified novel loci associated with sleep and circadian rhythms. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009089. [PMID: 33075057 PMCID: PMC7595622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable devices have been increasingly used in research to provide continuous physical activity monitoring, but how to effectively extract features remains challenging for researchers. To analyze the generated actigraphy data in large-scale population studies, we developed computationally efficient methods to derive sleep and activity features through a Hidden Markov Model-based sleep/wake identification algorithm, and circadian rhythm features through a Penalized Multi-band Learning approach adapted from machine learning. Unsupervised feature extraction is useful when labeled data are unavailable, especially in large-scale population studies. We applied these two methods to the UK Biobank wearable device data and used the derived sleep and circadian features as phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. We identified 53 genetic loci with p<5×10-8 including genes known to be associated with sleep disorders and circadian rhythms as well as novel loci associated with Body Mass Index, mental diseases and neurological disorders, which suggest shared genetic factors of sleep and circadian rhythms with physical and mental health. Further cross-tissue enrichment analysis highlights the important role of the central nervous system and the shared genetic architecture with metabolism-related traits and the metabolic system. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of our unsupervised methods for wearable device data when additional training data cannot be easily acquired, and our study further expands the application of wearable devices in population studies and genetic studies to provide novel biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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13
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Bach V, Abbiss CR, Libert JP, McCabe SM. Skin Temperatures of Back or Neck Are Better Than Abdomen for Indication of Average Proximal Skin Temperature During Sleep of School-Aged Children. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:494528. [PMID: 33061911 PMCID: PMC7530240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.494528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal skin temperature and whether it is possible to reduce the number of sites of measures, in order to limit the experimental effects in natural settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the most suitable single skin temperature sites for representation of average proximal skin temperature during sleep of school aged children. METHODS Statistical analyses were applied to skin temperature data of 22 children, aged 6 to 12 years, measured over four consecutive school nights in their home settings, to compare single site measures of abdomen, back, neck, forehead and subclavicular skin temperatures (local temperatures) with average proximal skin temperatures. RESULTS Abdomen and forehead skin temperatures were significantly different (respectively higher and lower) to the other local proximal temperatures and to average proximal skin temperatures. Moreover, the time pattern of forehead temperature was very different from that of the other local temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Local forehead and abdomen skin temperatures are least suitable as single site representations of average proximal skin temperatures in school aged children when considering both the level and the time course pattern of the temperature across the night. Conversely, back and neck temperatures provide most fitting representation of average proximal skin temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bach
- Peritox, UMR_I 01, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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14
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Tamura T, Huang M, Togawa T. Current Developments in Wearable Thermometers. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.7.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Huang
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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15
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Okamoto-Mizuno K, Mizuno K, Shirakawa S. Sleep and Skin Temperature in Preschool Children and Their Mothers. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:64-78. [PMID: 27167826 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1173552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare sleep and skin temperature (Tsk) of preschool children with those of their mothers. The subjects included 18 pairs of preschool children and their mothers. The actigraphic measurement of sleep, Tsk, heart rate, bedroom climate, and the microclimate temperature and humidity (bed climate) were measured. Proximal and distal Tsk, the temperature gradient of distal and proximal Tsk (DPG), and bed climate temperature were significantly lower in the children. Approximately 70% of the children slept without bed covering. Heat dissipation during sleep in preschool children may primarily rely on the proximal Tsk. The lower Tsk than adults, and behavioral thermoregulation, may be important for sleep in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koh Mizuno
- b Department of Education , Tohoku Fukushi University , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Shuichiro Shirakawa
- c Sleep Assessment and Research Institute , Tokyo , Japan.,d Department of Neuropsychopharmacology , National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Tokyo , Japan
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16
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Calibration and validation processes for relative humidity measurement by a Hygrochron iButton. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:208-212. [PMID: 28666935 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate relative humidity (RH) measurement is demanded in studies of thermal comfort. Thermal discomfort occurs when the near-to-skin temperature or RH is outside of the thermal comfort zone. The Hygrochron, a small wireless device which measures both temperature and RH, would be suitable and convenient in exercise or sleep studies. However, the RH measurement has not been validated. This paper has three parts. Part 1: In evaluating the sensor surface for RH detection, four Hygrochrons were placed on a wet paper towel. Two were placed on the towel with the protruding surface facing up and the other two facing down. The results showed that the Hygrochron with the protruding side was the sensor surface for detecting RH. Part 2: Twenty-seven Hygrochrons were calibrated in a humidity calibration chamber at a RH range from 40 to 90% at a constant temperature from 32 to 37°C. The mean bias was -1.08% between the Hygrochrons and the calibration chamber. The Hygrochron overestimated RH at the lower range (40-60%) and underestimated RH at the higher range (80-90%). The application of individual regression equations to each Hygrochron improved accuracy and reduced the mean bias to -0.002%. However, one Hygrochron showed outlier values that may be due to a manufacturing defect. Part 3: The reproducibility of Hygrochron for RH measurements was tested twice at the same condition of 35°C over a three-month interval. The intra-class coefficient was 0.996 to 1.000 with non-significant differences in the mean RH between test and re-test results (p=0.159). Hygrochrons are valid for RH measurements which show high reproducibility. It is recommended that Hygrochrons be calibrated over a range of desired RH and temperature prior to use to improve accuracy and detect any manufacturing defects.
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17
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Light color importance for circadian entrainment in a diurnal (Octodon degus) and a nocturnal (Rattus norvegicus) rodent. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8846. [PMID: 28821732 PMCID: PMC5562902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian pacemaker (Suprachiasmatic Nuclei, SCN) maintains the phase relationship with the external world thanks to the light/dark cycle. Light intensity, spectra, and timing are important for SCN synchronisation. Exposure to blue-light at night leads to circadian misalignment that could be avoided by using less circadian-disruptive wavelengths. This study tests the capacity of a diurnal Octodon degus and nocturnal Rattus norvegicus to synchronise to different nocturnal lights. Animals were subjected to combined red-green-blue lights (RGB) during the day and to: darkness; red light (R); combined red-green LED (RG) lights; and combined red-green-violet LED (RGV) lights during the night. Activity rhythms free-ran in rats under a RGB:RG cycle and became arrhythmic under RGB:RGV. Degus remained synchronised, despite the fact that day and night-time lighting systems differed only in spectra, but not in intensity. For degus SCN c-Fos activation by light was stronger with RGB-light than with RGV. This could be relevant for developing lighting that reduces the disruptive effects of nocturnal light in humans, without compromising chromaticity.
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18
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Longato E, Garrido M, Saccardo D, Montesinos Guevara C, Mani AR, Bolognesi M, Amodio P, Facchinetti A, Sparacino G, Montagnese S. Expected accuracy of proximal and distal temperature estimated by wireless sensors, in relation to their number and position on the skin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180315. [PMID: 28666029 PMCID: PMC5493382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A popular method to estimate proximal/distal temperature (TPROX and TDIST) consists in calculating a weighted average of nine wireless sensors placed on pre-defined skin locations. Specifically, TPROX is derived from five sensors placed on the infra-clavicular and mid-thigh area (left and right) and abdomen, and TDIST from four sensors located on the hands and feet. In clinical practice, the loss/removal of one or more sensors is a common occurrence, but limited information is available on how this affects the accuracy of temperature estimates. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of temperature estimates in relation to number/position of sensors removed. Thirteen healthy subjects wore all nine sensors for 24 hours and reference TPROX and TDIST time-courses were calculated using all sensors. Then, all possible combinations of reduced subsets of sensors were simulated and suitable weights for each sensor calculated. The accuracy of TPROX and TDIST estimates resulting from the reduced subsets of sensors, compared to reference values, was assessed by the mean squared error, the mean absolute error (MAE), the cross-validation error and the 25th and 75th percentiles of the reconstruction error. Tables of the accuracy and sensor weights for all possible combinations of sensors are provided. For instance, in relation to TPROX, a subset of three sensors placed in any combination of three non-homologous areas (abdominal, right or left infra-clavicular, right or left mid-thigh) produced an error of 0.13°C MAE, while the loss/removal of the abdominal sensor resulted in an error of 0.25°C MAE, with the greater impact on the quality of the reconstruction. This information may help researchers/clinicians: i) evaluate the expected goodness of their TPROX and TDIST estimates based on the number of available sensors; ii) select the most appropriate subset of sensors, depending on goals and operational constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Longato
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Garrido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Desy Saccardo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Camila Montesinos Guevara
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali R. Mani
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Piero Amodio
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Facchinetti
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sparacino
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mitchell JA, Quante M, Godbole S, James P, Hipp JA, Marinac CR, Mariani S, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Glanz K, Laden F, Wang R, Weng J, Redline S, Kerr J. Variation in actigraphy-estimated rest-activity patterns by demographic factors. Chronobiol Int 2017. [PMID: 28650674 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1337032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rest-activity patterns provide an indication of circadian rhythmicity in the free-living setting. We aimed to describe the distributions of rest-activity patterns in a sample of adults and children across demographic variables. A sample of adults (N = 590) and children (N = 58) wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 days and nights. We generated rest-activity patterns from cosinor analysis (MESOR, acrophase and magnitude) and nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (IS: interdaily stability; IV: intradaily variability; L5: least active 5-hour period; M10: most active 10-hour period; and RA: relative amplitude). Demographic variables included age, sex, race, education, marital status, and income. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for demographic differences in rest-activity patterns. Adolescents, compared to younger children, had (1) later M10 midpoints (β = 1.12 hours [95% CI: 0.43, 1.18] and lower M10 activity levels; (2) later L5 midpoints (β = 1.6 hours [95% CI: 0.9, 2.3]) and lower L5 activity levels; (3) less regular rest-activity patterns (lower IS and higher IV); and 4) lower magnitudes (β = -0.95 [95% CI: -1.28, -0.63]) and relative amplitudes (β = -0.1 [95% CI: -0.14, -0.06]). Mid-to-older adults, compared to younger adults (aged 18-29 years), had (1) earlier M10 midpoints (β = -1.0 hours [95% CI: -1.6, -0.4]; (2) earlier L5 midpoints (β = -0.7 hours [95% CI: -1.2, -0.2]); and (3) more regular rest-activity patterns (higher IS and lower IV). The magnitudes and relative amplitudes were similar across the adult age categories. Sex, race and education level rest-activity differences were also observed. Rest-activity patterns vary across the lifespan, and differ by race, sex and education. Understanding population variation in these patterns provides a foundation for further elucidating the health implications of rest-activity patterns across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Mitchell
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Mirja Quante
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Neonatology , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- e Department of Family Medicine & Public Health , University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Peter James
- f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,g Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- h Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Center for Geospatial Analytics, and Center for Human Health and the Environment , NC State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | | | - Sara Mariani
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Karen Glanz
- k Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Francine Laden
- f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,g Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Rui Wang
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jia Weng
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Susan Redline
- c Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology , Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,l Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- e Department of Family Medicine & Public Health , University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
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20
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Bueno C, Menna-Barreto L. Environmental factors influencing biological rhythms in newborns: From neonatal intensive care units to home. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:295-300. [PMID: 28154744 PMCID: PMC5279954 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photic and non-photic environmental factors are suggested to modulate the development of circadian rhythms in infants. Our aim is to evaluate the development of biological rhythms (circadian or ultradian) in newborns in transition from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) to home and along the first 6 months of life, to identify masking and entraining environment factors along development. Ten newborns were evaluated in their last week inside the NICU and in the first week after being delivered home; 6 babies were also followed until 6 months of corrected age. Activity, recorded with actimeters, wrist temperature and observed sleep and feeding behavior were recorded continuously along their last week inside the NICU and in the first week at home and also until 6 months of corrected age for the subjects who remained in the study. Sleep/wake and activity/rest cycle showed ultradian patterns and the sleep/wake was strongly influenced by the 3 h feeding schedule inside the NICU, while wrist temperature showed a circadian pattern that seemed no to be affected by environmental cycles. A circadian rhythm emerges for sleep/wake behavior in the first week at home, whereas the 3 h period vanishes. Both activity/rest and wrist temperature presented a sudden increase in the contribution of the circadian component immediately after babies were delivered home, also suggesting a masking effect of the NICU environment. We found a positive correlation of postconceptional age and the increase in the daily component of activity and temperature along the following 6 months, while feeding behavior became arrhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bueno
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Butantã, Cep:05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Present address: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255. Cerqueira César, Cep:05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000. Ermelino Matarazzo, Cep:03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Hild K, Isherwood C, Sweeney SJ, Revell VL, Skene DJ, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Relationship between Human Pupillary Light Reflex and Circadian System Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162476. [PMID: 27636197 PMCID: PMC5026360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), whose photopigment melanopsin has a peak of sensitivity in the short wavelength range of the spectrum, constitute a common light input pathway to the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), the pupillary light reflex (PLR) regulatory centre, and to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the major pacemaker of the circadian system. Thus, evaluating PLR under short wavelength light (λmax ≤ 500 nm) and creating an integrated PLR parameter, as a possible tool to indirectly assess the status of the circadian system, becomes of interest. Nine monochromatic, photon-matched light stimuli (300 s), in 10 nm increments from λmax 420 to 500 nm were administered to 15 healthy young participants (8 females), analyzing: i) the PLR; ii) wrist temperature (WT) and motor activity rhythms (WA), iii) light exposure (L) pattern and iv) diurnal preference (Horne-Östberg), sleep quality (Pittsburgh) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth). Linear correlations between the different PLR parameters and circadian status index obtained from WT, WA and L recordings and scores from questionnaires were calculated. In summary, we found markers of robust circadian rhythms, namely high stability, reduced fragmentation, high amplitude, phase advance and low internal desynchronization, were correlated with a reduced PLR to 460-490 nm wavelengths. Integrated circadian (CSI) and PLR (cp-PLR) parameters are proposed, that also showed an inverse correlation. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of a close relationship between the circadian system robustness and the pupillary reflex response, two non-visual functions primarily under melanopsin-ipRGC input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Konstanze Hild
- Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Isherwood
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sweeney
- Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Revell
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Bueno C, Menna-Barreto L. Development of sleep/wake, activity and temperature rhythms in newborns maintained in a neonatal intensive care unit and the impact of feeding schedules. Infant Behav Dev 2016; 44:21-8. [PMID: 27261553 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biological rhythms in infants are described as evolving from an ultradian to a circadian pattern along the first months of life. Recently, the use of actigraphy and thermistors with memory has contributed to the understanding of temporal relations of different variables along development. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the development of the rhythmic pattern of wrist temperature, activity/rest cycle, sleep/wake and feeding behavior in term and preterm newborns maintained in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS Nineteen healthy preterm and seven fullterm newborns had the following variables monitored continuously while they were in the NICU: activity recorded by actigraphy, wrist temperature recorded with a thermistor and observed sleep and feeding behavior recorded by the NICU staff with diaries. Subjects were divided in 3 groups according to their gestational age at birth and rhythmic parameters were compared. RESULTS A dominant daily rhythm was observed for wrist temperature since the first two weeks of life and no age relation was demonstrated. Otherwise, a daily pattern in activity/rest cycle was observed for most preterm newborns since 35 weeks of postconceptional age and was more robust in term babies. Feeding and sleep/wake data showed an almost exclusive 3h rhythm, probably related to a masking effect of feeding schedules. CONCLUSIONS We found that wrist temperature develops a daily pattern as soon as previously reported for rectal temperature, and with acrophase profile similar to adults. Moreover, we were able to find a daily rhythm in activity/rest cycle earlier than previously reported in literature. We also suggest that sleep/wake rhythm and feeding behavior follow independent developmental courses, being more suitable to masking effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bueno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Lopez-Minguez J, Colodro-Conde L, Bandín C, Ordoñana JR, Garaulet M, Madrid JA. Application of multiparametric procedures for assessing the heritability of circadian health. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:234-44. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Light and maternal influence in the entrainment of activity circadian rhythm in infants 4-12 weeks of age. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2016; 14:249-255. [PMID: 27453687 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-015-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of light and maternal activity on early infant activity rhythm were studied in 43 healthy, maternal-infant pairs. Aims included description of infant and maternal circadian rhythm of environmental light, assessing relations among of activity and light circadian rhythm parameters, and exploring the influence of light on infant activity independent of maternal activity. Three-day light and activity records were obtained using actigraphy monitors at infant ages 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Circadian rhythm timing, amplitude, 24-hour fit, rhythm center, and regularity were determined using cosinor and nonparametric circadian rhythm analyses (NPCRA). All maternal and infant circadian parameters for light were highly correlated. When maternal activity was controlled, the partial correlations between infant activity and light rhythm timing, amplitude, 24-hour fit, and rhythm center demonstrated significant relation (r = .338 to .662) at infant age 12 weeks, suggesting entrainment. In contrast, when maternal light was controlled there was significant relation between maternal and infant activity rhythm (r = 0.470, 0.500, and 0.638 at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively) suggesting the influence of maternal-infant interaction independent of photo entrainment of cycle timing over the first 12 weeks of life. Both light and maternal activity may offer avenues for shaping infant activity rhythm during early infancy.
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Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S. Maternal and infant activity: Analytic approaches for the study of circadian rhythm. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 41:80-7. [PMID: 26360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of infant and mother circadian rhythm entails choice of instruments appropriate for use in the home environment as well as selection of analytic approach that characterizes circadian rhythm. While actigraphy monitoring suits the needs of home study, limited studies have examined mother and infant rhythm derived from actigraphy. Among this existing research a variety of analyses have been employed to characterize 24-h rhythm, reducing ability to evaluate and synthesize findings. Few studies have examined the correspondence of mother and infant circadian parameters for the most frequently cited approaches: cosinor, non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA), and autocorrelation function (ACF). The purpose of this research was to examine analytic approaches in the study of mother and infant circadian activity rhythm. Forty-three healthy mother and infant pairs were studied in the home environment over a 72h period at infant age 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Activity was recorded continuously using actigraphy monitors and mothers completed a diary. Parameters of circadian rhythm were generated from cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and ACF. The correlation among measures of rhythm center (cosinor mesor, NPCRA mid level), strength or fit of 24-h period (cosinor magnitude and R(2), NPCRA amplitude and relative amplitude (RA)), phase (cosinor acrophase, NPCRA M10 and L5 midpoint), and rhythm stability and variability (NPCRA interdaily stability (IS) and intradaily variability (IV), ACF) was assessed, and additionally the effect size (eta(2)) for change over time evaluated. Results suggest that cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and autocorrelation provide several comparable parameters of infant and maternal circadian rhythm center, fit, and phase. IS and IV were strongly correlated with the 24-h cycle fit. The circadian parameters analyzed offer separate insight into rhythm and differing effect size for the detection of change over time. Findings inform selection of analysis and circadian parameters in the study of maternal and infant activity rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States.
| | - Robert L Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, United States
| | - Susan Spieker
- Barnard Center for Infant Mental Health & Development, Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Middleton B, Revell VL, Skene DJ, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Validation of an innovative method, based on tilt sensing, for the assessment of activity and body position. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:701-10. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1016613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Gonçalves BSB, Adamowicz T, Louzada FM, Moreno CR, Araujo JF. A fresh look at the use of nonparametric analysis in actimetry. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 20:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abe N, Kodama H. Distal-proximal skin temperature gradient prior to sleep onset in infants for clinical use. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:227-33. [PMID: 25142182 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of using distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG) to predict sleep-onset latency of night-time sleep for infants at home. METHODS Foot (for distal) and abdominal (for proximal) skin temperature during sleep onset in healthy infants, aged 4-9 months, was continuously recorded using a temperature logger at home. Sleep-onset latency during each study night was defined as the interval from lights-off to sleep onset, determined on actigraphy. Association of DPG profile after lights-off with sleep-onset latency on the study nights was evaluated. RESULTS Data for 43 nights from 28 infants were available for analysis. With regard to low DPG (<-2.5°C) at lights-off, >60% of infants fell asleep within 30 min if DPG was increased to ≥-2.5°C within 15 min after lights-off. If DPG remained at <-2.5°C at 15 min after lights-off, however, only 20% of infants fell asleep within 30 min. In addition, if infants were still awake at 15 min after lights-off and the DPG at that time was <-2.5°C, they were not likely to quickly fall asleep (predictive value was 0.875). CONCLUSIONS Increase in DPG by 15 min after lights-off is a key determinant for sleep-onset latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Abe
- Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing, Akita Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, Akita, Japan
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Batinga H, Martinez-Nicolas A, Zornoza-Moreno M, Sánchez-Solis M, Larqué E, Mondéjar MT, Moreno-Casbas M, García FJ, Campos M, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:29. [PMID: 25813804 PMCID: PMC4375132 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In circadian terms, human ontogeny is characterized by the emergence of a daily pattern, from a previous ultradian pattern, for most variables during the first 6 months of life. Circadian aging in humans is characterized by a phase advance, accompanied by rhythm fragmentation and flattening. Despite an expanding body of literature focused on distal skin temperature, little information is available about the ontogeny and practically nothing about age-related changes in this rhythm. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the degree of maturation and aging of the circadian pattern of distal skin temperature to identify those parameters that are modified throughout life and could be used to differentiate subjects according to their age. For this, distal skin temperature was measured in 197 volunteers (55 % women), including babies aged 15 days (30 subjects), 1 month (28 subjects), 3 months (31 subjects), and 6 months (10 subjects); young adults aged 19 years (37 subjects); middle-aged persons aged 46 years (27 subjects); older people aged 72 (34 subjects). Circadian system maturation was associated with an increase in amplitude and a reduction in skin temperature during sleep. During adulthood, women showed a more robust pattern (lower fragmentation, and higher night-time temperature, amplitude, circadian function index, and first harmonic relative power); however, these differences were lost with aging, a period of life that was consistently associated with a phase advance of the rhythm. In summary, distal skin temperature pattern can be used as a robust variable to discern between different ages throughout the life.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Batinga
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - A. Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - M. Zornoza-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Sánchez-Solis
- Department of Pediatrics, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - E. Larqué
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - M. T. Mondéjar
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - M. Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Murcia, Spain
| | - F. J. García
- Geriatrics Section, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - M. Campos
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - M. A. Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
| | - J. A. Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100 Spain
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Arguelles-Prieto R, Martinez-Madrid MJ, Reiter R, Hardeland R, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Protecting the melatonin rhythm through circadian healthy light exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23448-500. [PMID: 25526564 PMCID: PMC4284776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, in developed countries, nights are excessively illuminated (light at night), whereas daytime is mainly spent indoors, and thus people are exposed to much lower light intensities than under natural conditions. In spite of the positive impact of artificial light, we pay a price for the easy access to light during the night: disorganization of our circadian system or chronodisruption (CD), including perturbations in melatonin rhythm. Epidemiological studies show that CD is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, cognitive and affective impairment, premature aging and some types of cancer. Knowledge of retinal photoreceptors and the discovery of melanopsin in some ganglion cells demonstrate that light intensity, timing and spectrum must be considered to keep the biological clock properly entrained. Importantly, not all wavelengths of light are equally chronodisrupting. Blue light, which is particularly beneficial during the daytime, seems to be more disruptive at night, and induces the strongest melatonin inhibition. Nocturnal blue light exposure is currently increasing, due to the proliferation of energy-efficient lighting (LEDs) and electronic devices. Thus, the development of lighting systems that preserve the melatonin rhythm could reduce the health risks induced by chronodisruption. This review addresses the state of the art regarding the crosstalk between light and the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Russel Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ruediger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S, Lee J, Chen J. Mother-infant circadian rhythm: development of individual patterns and dyadic synchrony. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:885-90. [PMID: 25463836 PMCID: PMC4312214 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutual circadian rhythm is an early and essential component in the development of maternal-infant physiological synchrony. AIMS The aim of this to examine the longitudinal pattern of maternal-infant circadian rhythm and rhythm synchrony as measured by rhythm parameters. STUDY DESIGN In-home dyadic actigraphy monitoring at infant age 4, 8, and 12 weeks. SUBJECTS Forty-three healthy mother-infant pairs. OUTCOME MEASURES Circadian parameters derived from cosinor and non-parametric analysis including mesor, magnitude, acrophase, L5 and M10 midpoints (midpoint of lowest 5 and highest 10h of activity), amplitude, interdaily stability (IS), and intradaily variability (IV). RESULTS Mothers experienced early disruption of circadian rhythm, with re-establishment of rhythm over time. Significant time effects were noted in increasing maternal magnitude, amplitude, and IS and decreasing IV (p<.001). Infants demonstrated a developmental trajectory of circadian pattern with significant time effects for increasing mesor, magnitude, amplitude, L5, IS, and IV (p<.001). By 12 weeks, infant phase advancement was evidenced by mean acrophase and M10 midpoint occurring 60 and 43 min (respectively) earlier than at 4 weeks. While maternal acrophase remained consistent over time, infants became increasingly phase advanced relative to mother and mean infant acrophase at 12 weeks occurred 60 min before mother. Mother-infant synchrony was evidenced in increasing correspondence of acrophase at 12 weeks (r=0.704), L5 (r=0.453) and M10 (r=0.479) midpoints. CONCLUSIONS Development of mother-infant synchrony reflects shared elements of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Robert L. Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7266
| | - Susan Spieker
- Barnard Center for Infant Mental Health & Development Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Jessica Chen
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-1525
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Gonçalves BSB, Cavalcanti PRA, Tavares GR, Campos TF, Araujo JF. Nonparametric methods in actigraphy: An update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:158-64. [PMID: 26483921 PMCID: PMC4559593 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity in humans has been well studied using actigraphy, a method of measuring gross motor movement. As actigraphic technology continues to evolve, it is important for data analysis to keep pace with new variables and features. Our objective is to study the behavior of two variables, interdaily stability and intradaily variability, to describe rest activity rhythm. Simulated data and actigraphy data of humans, rats, and marmosets were used in this study. We modified the method of calculation for IV and IS by modifying the time intervals of analysis. For each variable, we calculated the average value (IVm and ISm) results for each time interval. Simulated data showed that (1) synchronization analysis depends on sample size, and (2) fragmentation is independent of the amplitude of the generated noise. We were able to obtain a significant difference in the fragmentation patterns of stroke patients using an IVm variable, while the variable IV60 was not identified. Rhythmic synchronization of activity and rest was significantly higher in young than adults with Parkinson׳s when using the ISM variable; however, this difference was not seen using IS60. We propose an updated format to calculate rhythmic fragmentation, including two additional optional variables. These alternative methods of nonparametric analysis aim to more precisely detect sleep–wake cycle fragmentation and synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S B Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Ritmicidade Biológica, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Barbacena, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tania F Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - John F Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Ritmicidade Biológica, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Zornoza-Moreno M, Fuentes-Hernández S, Carrión V, Alcántara-López MV, Madrid JA, López-Soler C, Sánchez-Solís M, Larqué E. Is low docosahexaenoic acid associated with disturbed rhythms and neurodevelopment in offsprings of diabetic mothers? Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:931-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Corbalán-Tutau MD, Gómez-Abellán P, Madrid JA, Canteras M, Ordovás JM, Garaulet M. Toward a chronobiological characterization of obesity and metabolic syndrome in clinical practice. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:477-83. [PMID: 24953771 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To test several circadian rhythm variables in a female population to identify the best tool to assess chronodisruption in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) to define a score to be used for chronodisruption characterization in clinical practice. METHODS Anthropometric measurements and markers of circadian rhythms, such as sleep and feeding diary, Horne-Ostberg questionnaire, melatonin and cortisol measurements, and wrist temperature measurements, were determined. MetS variables were also analyzed. Study was conducted in 70 women. Data were subjected to factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used as predictors of chronodisruption risk, and a score was calculated to classify the subjects of risk. RESULTS Factor analysis showed that the first-factor grouped variables were related to the skin temperature measurement. Second factor consisted of variables related to salivary cortisol levels and obesity-related measurements. Third factor included variables related to sleep-wake cycle. Fourth factor referred to peripheral temperature variables and included the classification of subjects according to the Horne-Ostberg questionnaire. To obtain a final punctuation we performed the weighted mean of the first four factors. The final range was from 27 to 57, mean value of 42. Punctuation was defined as the "chronodisruption score." Women displaying higher chronodisruption scores had higher MetS risk. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that wrist temperature recordings, together with two questions of sleep onset and offset, and one morning salivary cortisol determination could be enough to characterize the chronobiology of obesity and MetS, a new chronodisruption score was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Corbalán-Tutau
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Gómez-Abellán
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Madrid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Canteras
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Ordovás
- US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigación Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Ortiz-Tudela E, Martinez-Nicolas A, Albares J, Segarra F, Campos M, Estivill E, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) based on thermometry, motor activity and body position (TAP): a comparison with polysomnography. Physiol Behav 2014; 126:30-8. [PMID: 24398067 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An integrated variable based on the combination of wrist Temperature, motor Activity and body Position (TAP) was previously developed at our laboratory to evaluate the functioning of the circadian system and sleep-wake rhythm under ambulatory conditions. However, the reliability of TAP needed to be validated with polysomnography (PSG). 22 subjects suffering from sleep disorders were monitored for one night with a temperature sensor (iButton), an actimeter (HOBO) and exploratory PSG. Mean waveforms, sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), agreement rates (AR) and comparisons between TAP and sleep stages were studied. The TAP variable was optimized for SE, SP and AR with respect to each individual variable (SE: 92%; SP: 78%; AR: 86%). These results improved upon estimates previously published for actigraphy. Furthermore, TAP values tended to decrease as sleep depth increased, reaching the lowest point at phase 3. Finally, TAP estimates for sleep latency (SL: 37±9 min), total sleep time (TST: 367±13 min), sleep efficiency (SE: 86.8±1.9%) and number of awakenings (NA>5 min: 3.3±.4) were not significantly different from those obtained with PSG (SL: 29±4 min; SE: 89.9±1.8%; NA>5 min: 2.3±.4), despite the heterogeneity of the sleep pathologies monitored. The TAP variable is a novel measurement for evaluating circadian system status and sleep-wake rhythms with a level of reliability better to that of actigraphy. Furthermore, it allows the evaluation of a patient's sleep-wake rhythm in his/her normal home environment, and at a much lower cost than PSG. Future studies in specific pathologies would verify the relevance of TAP in those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Ortiz-Tudela
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Albares
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Segarra
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduard Estivill
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
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Martinez-Nicolas A, Madrid JA, Rol MA. Day-night contrast as source of health for the human circadian system. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:382-93. [PMID: 24304407 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.861845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern societies are characterized by a 24/7 lifestyle (LS) with no environmental differences between day and night, resulting in weak zeitgebers (weak day light, absence of darkness during night, constant environmental temperature, sedentary LS and frequent snacking), and as a consequence, in an impaired circadian system (CS) through a process known as chronodisruption. Both weak zeitgebers and CS impairment are related to human pathologies (certain cancers, metabolic syndrome and affective and cognitive disorders), but little is known about how to chronoenhance the CS. The aim of this work is to propose practical strategies for chronoenhancement, based on accentuating the day/night contrast. For this, 131 young subjects were recruited, and their wrist temperature (WT), activity, body position, light exposure, environmental temperature and sleep were recorded under free-living conditions for 1 week. Subjects with high contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) for each variable were selected to analyze the HC effect in activity, body position, environmental temperature, light exposure and sleep would have on WT. We found that HC showed better rhythms than LC for every variable except sleep. Subjects with HC and LC for WT also demonstrated differences in LS, where HC subjects had a slightly advanced night phase onset and a general increase in day/night contrast. In addition, theoretical high day/night contrast calculated using mathematical models suggests an improvement by means of LS contrast. Finally, some individuals classified as belonging to the HC group in terms of WT when they are exposed to the LS characteristic of the LC group, while others exhibit WT arrhythmicity despite their good LS habits, revealing two different WT components: an exogenous component modified by LS and another endogenous component that is refractory to it. Therefore, intensifying day/night contrast in subject's LS has proven to be a feasible measure to chronoenhance the CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Rubio-Sastre P, Gómez-Abellán P, Martinez-Nicolas A, Ordovás JM, Madrid JA, Garaulet M. Evening physical activity alters wrist temperature circadian rhythmicity. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:276-82. [PMID: 24517176 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.833215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adequate time to perform physical activity (PA) to maintain optimal circadian system health has not been defined. We studied the influence of morning and evening PA on circadian rhythmicity in 16 women with wrist temperature (WT). Participants performed controlled PA (45 min continuous-running) during 7 days in the morning (MPA) and evening (EPA) and results were compared with a no-exercise-week (C). EPA was characterized by a lower amplitude (evening: 0.028 ± 0.01 °C versus control: 0.038 ± 0.016 °C; p < 0.05) less pronounced second-harmonic (power) (evening: 0.41 ± 0.47 versus morning: 1.04 ± 0.59); and achrophase delay (evening: 06:35 ± 02:14 h versus morning: 04:51 ± 01:11 h; p < 0.05) as compared to MPA and C. Performing PA in the late evening might not be as beneficial as in the morning.
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38
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Zornoza-Moreno M, Fuentes-Hernández S, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Blanco JE, Pagán A, Rol MÁ, Parrilla JJ, Madrid JA, Sánchez-Solis M, Larqué E. Influence of gestational diabetes on circadian rhythms of children and their association with fetal adiposity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013; 29:483-91. [PMID: 23568539 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the circadian rhythm maturation of temperature, activity and sleep during the first year of life in offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) and its relationship with obesity markers. METHODS A prospective analysis of the children of 63 pregnant women (23 controls, 21 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) controlled with diet and 19 GDM with insulin). Fetal abdominal circumference was evaluated ecographically during gestation. Skin temperature and rest-activity rhythms were monitored for 3 consecutive days in children at 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 months. Anthropometrical parameters of the children were evaluated during the first year of life. RESULTS Children from the GDM groups tended to higher fetal abdominal circumference z-score than controls at the beginning of the last trimester (p = 0.077) and at delivery (p = 0.078). Mean skin temperature or activity was not different among the groups. The I < O sleep index pointed to increasing concordance with parental sleeping at 3 and 6 months but no significant GDM-dependent differences. However, some of the parameters that define temperature maturation and also the circadian function index from the temperature-activity variable were significantly lower at 6 months in the GDM + insulin group. Fetal abdominal circumference z-score, as a predictor of fetal adiposity, correlated negatively with parameters related to circadian rhythm maturation as the circadian/ultradian rhythm (P1 /Pult ratio). CONCLUSIONS Fetal adiposity correlated with a worse circadian rhythm regulation in ODM. In addition, ODM insulin-treated showed a disturbed pattern of the circadian function index of temperature activity at 6 months of age.
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Martinez-Nicolas A, Ortiz-Tudela E, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Uncovering different masking factors on wrist skin temperature rhythm in free-living subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61142. [PMID: 23577201 PMCID: PMC3618177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most circadian rhythms are controlled by a major pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. Some of these rhythms, called marker rhythms, serve to characterize the timing of the internal temporal order. However, these variables are susceptible to masking effects as the result of activity, body position, light exposure, environmental temperature and sleep. Recently, wrist skin temperature (WT) has been proposed as a new index for evaluating circadian system status. In light of previous evidence suggesting the important relationship between WT and core body temperature regulation, the aim of this work was to purify the WT pattern in order to obtain its endogenous rhythm with the application of multiple demasking procedures. To this end, 103 subjects (18–24 years old) were recruited and their WT, activity, body position, light exposure, environmental temperature and sleep were recorded under free-living conditions for 1 week. WT demasking by categories or intercepts was applied to simulate a “constant routine” protocol (awakening, dim light, recumbent position, low activity and warm environmental temperature). Although the overall circadian pattern of WT was similar regardless of the masking effects, its amplitude was the rhythmic parameter most affected by environmental conditions. The acrophase and mesor were determined to be the most robust parameters for characterizing this rhythm. In addition, a circadian modulation of the masking effect was found for each masking variable. WT rhythm exhibits a strong endogenous component, despite the existence of multiple external influences. This was evidenced by simultaneously eliminating the influence of activity, body position, light exposure, environmental temperature and sleep. We therefore propose that it could be considered a valuable and minimally-invasive means of recording circadian physiology in ambulatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ortiz-Tudela
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Blazquez A, Martinez-Nicolas A, Salazar FJ, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Wrist skin temperature, motor activity, and body position as determinants of the circadian pattern of blood pressure. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:747-56. [PMID: 22734575 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.679328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern has been extensively studied, the determinants of this rhythm are not fully understood. Peripheral vasodilatation is a regulatory mechanism for BP maintenance. However, it remains to be established whether the increase of nocturnal distal skin temperature associated with heat loss could also reflect the dipping status. For the first time, this paper investigates the relationship between BP and skin wrist temperature (WT), to evaluate whether the WT circadian rhythm can serve as screening procedure to detect dipping/non-dipping BP patterns. In addition, the authors compare the relationship between WT and other variables previously described as determinants of the BP pattern, such as physical activity and body position. Measurements of WT, motor activity, and body position for 5 d, plus ambulatory BP for 24-h during that span, were obtained from 28 diurnally active normotensive volunteers. WT was negatively correlated, whereas activity and body position were positively correlated, with systolic and diastolic BPs. However, these relationships were stronger during the rest than activity phase. In addition, a 78.6% concordance was detected between the observed dips in BP and the predicted BP pattern calculated based on the WT rhythm. Thus, these results suggest that the increase in WT produced by heat loss during the rest phase through peripheral skin blood vessels is the result of blood vessel vasodilatation reflexes in response to a shift from a standing to a supine position, together with shift in the circadian sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (nocturnal parasympathetic activation). In conclusion, WT could be considered as a potential new screening procedure to implement the diagnosis of non-dipping BP pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blazquez
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
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Nishihara K, Horiuchi S, Eto H, Kikuchi S, Hoshi Y. Relationship between infant and mother circadian rest-activity rhythm pre- and postpartum, in comparison to an infant with free-running rhythm. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:363-70. [PMID: 22390249 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.657762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Some infants show a free-running rhythm in their rest-activity. We do not know why, nor do we know exactly what the entrainment factors are for the development of the normal 24-h rest-activity rhythm. Actigraphic recordings on 10 primiparae during late pregnancy and these mothers and their infants during the 2nd, 6th, and 12th wks after birth were made over 3-5 continuous days to investigate maternal and infant entrainment. One infant showed a free-running rest-activity circadian rhythm. In late pregnancy, the period in the autocorrelogram of the mother with the free-running infant was longer than the significant period of the mean autocorrelogram of the mothers with non-free-running infants. The finding of this study indicates the free-running rhythm of infant is not reset by maternal entrainment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nishihara
- Integrated Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T. Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle. J Physiol Anthropol 2012; 31:5. [PMID: 22738268 PMCID: PMC3375033 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount and timing of sleep and sleep architecture (sleep stages) are determined by several factors, important among which are the environment, circadian rhythms and time awake. Separating the roles played by these factors requires specific protocols, including the constant routine and altered sleep-wake schedules. Results from such protocols have led to the discovery of the factors that determine the amounts and distribution of slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep as well as to the development of models to determine the amount and timing of sleep. One successful model postulates two processes. The first is process S, which is due to sleep pressure (and increases with time awake) and is attributed to a 'sleep homeostat'. Process S reverses during slow wave sleep (when it is called process S'). The second is process C, which shows a daily rhythm that is parallel to the rhythm of core temperature. Processes S and C combine approximately additively to determine the times of sleep onset and waking. The model has proved useful in describing normal sleep in adults. Current work aims to identify the detailed nature of processes S and C. The model can also be applied to circumstances when the sleep-wake cycle is different from the norm in some way. These circumstances include: those who are poor sleepers or short sleepers; the role an individual's chronotype (a measure of how the timing of the individual's preferred sleep-wake cycle compares with the average for a population); and changes in the sleep-wake cycle with age, particularly in adolescence and aging, since individuals tend to prefer to go to sleep later during adolescence and earlier in old age. In all circumstances, the evidence that sleep times and architecture are altered and the possible causes of these changes (including altered S, S' and C processes) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Waterhouse
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Physiology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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