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Ajrouche R, Chandab G, Petit A, Strullu M, Nelken B, Plat G, Michel G, Domenech C, Clavel J, Bonaventure A. Allergies, genetic polymorphisms of Th2 interleukins, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The ESTELLE study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29402. [PMID: 34662484 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A negative association between a history of allergy and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported in previous studies, but remains debated. This work aimed to investigate this association accounting for genetic polymorphisms of the Th2 pathway cytokines (IL4, IL10, IL13, and IL4R). METHODS Analyses were based on the French case-control study ESTELLE (2010-2011). The complete sample included 629 ALL cases and 1421 population-based controls frequency-matched on age and gender. The child's medical history was collected through standardized maternal interview. Biological samples were collected, and genotyping data were available for 411 cases and 704 controls of European origin. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS In the complete sample, a significant inverse association was observed between ALL and reported history of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis (OR = 0.65 [0.42-0.98]; P = 0.04), but there was no obvious association with allergies overall. There was an interaction between genetic polymorphisms in IL4 and IL4R (Pinteraction = 0.003), as well as a gene-environment interaction between IL4R-rs1801275 and a reported history of asthma (IOR = 0.23; Pint = 0.008) and eczema (IOR = 0.47; Pint = 0.06). We observed no interaction with the candidate polymorphisms in IL4 and IL13. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the association between allergic symptoms and childhood ALL could be modified by IL4R-rs1801275, and that this variant could also interact with a functional variant in IL4 gene. Although they warrant confirmation, these results could help understand the pathological mechanisms under the reported inverse association between allergy and childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula Ajrouche
- CRESS, Université de Paris INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ghinaj Chandab
- CRESS, Université de Paris INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Petit
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS_938, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Carine Domenech
- Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- CRESS, Université de Paris INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France.,National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France and CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Bonaventure
- CRESS, Université de Paris INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
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Li JF, Ma XJ, Ying LL, Tong YH, Xiang XP. Multi-Omics Analysis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Identified the Methylation and Expression Differences Between BCP-ALL and T-ALL. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622393. [PMID: 33553159 PMCID: PMC7859262 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a common cancer is a heterogeneous disease which is mainly divided into BCP-ALL and T-ALL, accounting for 80–85% and 15–20%, respectively. There are many differences between BCP-ALL and T-ALL, including prognosis, treatment, drug screening, gene research and so on. In this study, starting with methylation and gene expression data, we analyzed the molecular differences between BCP-ALL and T-ALL and identified the multi-omics signatures using Boruta and Monte Carlo feature selection methods. There were 7 expression signature genes (CD3D, VPREB3, HLA-DRA, PAX5, BLNK, GALNT6, SLC4A8) and 168 methylation sites corresponding to 175 methylation signature genes. The overall accuracy, accuracy of BCP-ALL, accuracy of T-ALL of the RIPPER (Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction) classifier using these signatures evaluated with 10-fold cross validation repeated 3 times were 0.973, 0.990, and 0.933, respectively. Two overlapped genes between 175 methylation signature genes and 7 expression signature genes were CD3D and VPREB3. The network analysis of the methylation and expression signature genes suggested that their common gene, CD3D, was not only different on both methylation and expression levels, but also played a key regulatory role as hub on the network. Our results provided insights of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ALL and facilitated more precision diagnosis and treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ying
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ping Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Stein MM, Conery M, Magnaye KM, Clay SM, Billstrand C, Nicolae R, Naughton K, Ober C, Thompson EE. Sex-specific differences in peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptional response to LPS are enriched for HLA region and X chromosome genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1107. [PMID: 33441806 PMCID: PMC7806814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in prevalence are well documented for many common, complex diseases, especially for immune-mediated diseases, yet the precise mechanisms through which factors associated with biological sex exert their effects throughout life are not well understood. We interrogated sex-specific transcriptional responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) to innate immune stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 46 male and 66 female members of the Hutterite community, who practice a communal lifestyle. We identified 1217 autosomal and 54 X-linked genes with sex-specific responses to LPS, as well as 71 autosomal and one X-linked sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Despite a similar proportion of the 15 HLA genes responding to LPS compared to all expressed autosomal genes, there was a significant over-representation of genes with sex by treatment interactions among HLA genes. We also observed an enrichment of sex-specific differentially expressed genes in response to LPS for X-linked genes compared to autosomal genes, suggesting that HLA and X-linked genes may disproportionately contribute to sex disparities in risk for immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Stein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mitch Conery
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kevin M Magnaye
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Selene M Clay
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Raluca Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Naughton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma E Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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4
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Asouri M, Alinejad Rokni H, Sahraian MA, Fattahi S, Motamed N, Doosti R, Amirbozorgi G, Karimpoor M, Mahboudi F, Akhavan-Niaki H. Association of HLA-DRA and IL2RA Polymorphisms with the Severity and Relapses Rate of Multiple Sclerosis in an Iranian Population. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:129-139. [PMID: 33178861 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial condition in which many genetic and environmental factors interfere. The association between genes involved in the immune system and MS was previously reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate 14 SNPs of HLA-DRA, 14 SNPs of IL2RA with severity of MS through Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR). Methods 102 patients with MS referred to Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, were diagnosed and studied based on McDonald's guideline, clinical signs, and brain imaging procedures. All patients were included in the study following informed consent. Genotyping study of 14 variants in the HLA-DRA, and 14 variants in IL2RA was conducted by Sanger sequencing. Disease outcomes including EDSS and ARR were registered. Outcome measures between different genotypes of each SNPs were compared separately. Results Among 14 SNPs in IL 2RA the genotypes of rs12722489 showed a significant association with ARR in two consecutive years. Mean ARR1 was 1.06±1.12, 0.20±0.34 and 0.31±.50 for AA, GA, and GG genotypes, respectively (p value= 0.008). Mean ARR2 was 1.5±1.08, 0.28±0.40, and 0.42±0.55 for AA, GA, and GG, respectively (p value= 0.001). Regression analysis showed a significant association between rs12722489 with ARR1 and ARR2, removing the potential confounding mediators. No significant association was found between SNPs in HLA-DRA with the attack rate and severity of MS. Conclusion The rs12722489 of IL-2RA has an association with ARR, but not with EDSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Asouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | - Hamid Alinejad Rokni
- Systems Biology and Health Data Analytics Lab, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, 2052, NSW, AU
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center; Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rozita Doosti
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center; Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Karimpoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Zoonoses Research Center, North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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5
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Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms account for differences in clinical manifestations or incidence of infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy between females and males. Females develop enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses than males and are less susceptible to many infections of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal origin and malignancies but in contrast, they are more prone to develop autoimmune diseases. The higher susceptibility to infections in males is observed from birth to adulthood, suggesting that sex chromosomes and not sex hormones have a major role in sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. Sex-based regulation of immune responses ultimately contributes to age-related disease development and life expectancy. Differences between males and females have been described in the expression of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune response and in the functional responses of phagocytes and antigen presenting cells. Different factors have been shown to account for the sex-based disparity in immune responses, including genetic factors and hormonal mediators, which contribute independently to dimorphism in the innate immune response. For instance, several genes encoding for innate immune molecules are located on the X chromosome. In addition, estrogen and/or testosterone have been reported to modulate the differentiation, maturation, lifespan, and effector functions of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In this review, we will focus on differences between males and females in innate immunity, which represents the first line of defense against pathogens and plays a fundamental role in the activation, regulation, and orientation of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jaillon
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Matern BM, Olieslagers TI, Voorter CEM, Groeneweg M, Tilanus MGJ. Insights into the polymorphism in HLA-DRA and its evolutionary relationship with HLA haplotypes. HLA 2019; 95:117-127. [PMID: 31617688 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DRA encodes the alpha chain of the HLA-DR protein, one of the classical HLA class II molecules. Reported polymorphism within HLA-DRA is currently limited compared with other HLA genes, as only a single polymorphism encodes an amino acid difference in the translated protein. Since this SNP (rs7192, HLA00662.1:g.4276G>T p.Val217Leu) lies within exon 4, in the region encoding the cytoplasmic tail, the resulting protein is effectively monomorphic. For this reason, in-depth studies on HLA-DRA and its function have been limited. However, analysis of sequences from the 1000 Genomes Project and preliminary data from our lab reveals unrepresented polymorphism within HLA-DRA, suggesting a more complex role within the MHC than previously assumed. This study focuses on elucidating the extent of HLA-DRA polymorphism, and extending our understanding of the gene's role in HLA-DR~HLA-DQ haplotypes. Ninety-eight samples were sequenced for full-length HLA-DRA, and from this analysis, we identified 20 novel SNP positions in the intronic sequences within the 5711 bp region represented in IPD-IMGT/HLA. This polymorphism gives rise to at least 22 novel HLA-DRA alleles, and the patterns of intronic and 3' UTR polymorphism correspond to HLA-DRA~HLA-DRB345~HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes. The current understanding of the organization of the genes within the HLA-DR region assumes a single lineage for the HLA-DRA gene, as opposed to multiple gene lineages, such as in HLA-DRB. This study suggests that the intron and 3' UTR polymorphism of HLA-DRA indicates different lineages, and represents the HLA-DRA~HLA-DRB345~HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Matern
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Sex is a key biological factor affecting the development of many cancer types. There are considerable differences between male and female subpopulations in terms of cancer incidence, prognosis and mortality. Recent studies have extensively characterized the sex-biased molecular changes in cancer patients. Further efforts should be made to develop sex-specific cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Jahromi M, Al-Otaibi T, Othman N, Gheith O, Mahmoud T, Nair P, Halim MA, Nampoory N. Immunogenetics of new onset diabetes after transplantation in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:731-742. [PMID: 31190933 PMCID: PMC6535099 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s195859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aim: New onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious metabolic complication following kidney transplantation. Although beta-cell dysfunction is considered the main contributing factor in the development of this complication, its exact etiology is yet to be identified. We aimed to investigate NODAT among kidney transplant cohort in Kuwait with special stress on correlation between its risk factors and interferon gamma genotyping. Materials and methods: We surveyed 309 kidney transplant recipients from Hamed Al Essa Transplantation Centre, Kuwait. The participants were categorized into cohorts according to the development of NODAT diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. We genotyped interferon gamma as the leading immunosignature for T lymphocyte. Results: No relationship between ethnicity and the development of NODAT was identified. However, there was a significant difference in age between cohorts. Younger patients demonstrated a lower rate of NODAT while, NODAT reached its maximum in 40-60-year age group. IFNG TT genotype was significantly associated with NODAT (p=0.005), while IFNG AA was considerably higher in the non-NODAT group. Conclusion: Beside the conventional contributing factors of NODAT, our results might represent a suitable platform for a larger cytokine and chemokine spectrum genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jahromi
- Clinical Research, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Mohamed JahromiClinical Research, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasmin Mohamas Al Bahar Street, PO Box 118015462Kuwait City, KuwaitTel +9 652 224 2999Fax +9 652 249 2408 Email
| | - Torki Al-Otaibi
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nashwa Othman
- Education, Clinical Services Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Osama Gheith
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Tarek Mahmoud
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Prasad Nair
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Medhat A Halim
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayanam Nampoory
- Clinical Research, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Nephrology Department, Hamid Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Stjernfelt KJ, von Stedingk K, Wiebe T, Hjorth L, Olsson H, Øra I. Predominance of girls with cancer in families with multiple childhood cancer cases. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:868. [PMID: 29258538 PMCID: PMC5738226 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that one of four childhood cancers can be attributed to hereditary genetic abnormalities. Methods The Lund Childhood Cancer Genetic study includes newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients as well as childhood cancer survivors visiting the Department of Pediatrics or the Late Effect Clinic at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Questionnaires regarding family history of cancer and blood samples were provided. Reported data were validated and extended by use of the Swedish Population- and Cancer Registries. Demographics in families with one case of childhood cancer (FAM1) were investigated and compared to families with multiple cases of childhood cancer (FAM > 1) as well as to childhood cancer in the general population. Results Forty-one out of 528 families (7.8%) had more than one case of childhood cancer. In 23 families the affected children were relatives up to a 3rd degree (4.4%). In FAM > 1, 69.2% of the children with leukemia and 60% of those with tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) had a childhood relative with matching diagnosis, both significantly higher than expected. Significantly more female than male patients were observed in FAM > 1 compared to FAM1. This female predominance was most striking in childhood leukemia (77% female) and also, yet to a lesser extent, in CNS tumors (68% female). Conclusions We conclude that the high proportion of children with leukemia or CNS tumors in FAM > 1 having a childhood relative with the same diagnosis suggests a hereditary background. Moreover, we report a female predominance in childhood leukemia and childhood CNS tumors in FAM > 1, which may indicate a hereditary gender-specific risk factor in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Johan Stjernfelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wiebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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Jemli A, Inoubli O, Trifa F, Mechri A, Zaafrane F, Gaha L, Jrad BBH. IFNGR2 genetic polymorphism associated with sex-specific paranoid schizophrenia risk. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:42-47. [PMID: 27563937 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2016.1216595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering current scientific evidence about the significant role of chronic low grade inflammation in the physiopathology of schizophrenia, it has been hypothesized that changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma may have a significant role in the predisposition to schizophrenia. AIM This study focuses on identifying whether the functional polymorphism of interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2) is a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia. METHODS This study was conducted by the RFLP-PCR on a Tunisian population composed of 225 patients with different sub-types of schizophrenia and 166 controls. RESULTS The IFNGR2 (Q64R) polymorphism analysis showed higher frequencies of minor homozygous genotype (RR) and allele (R) in all patients compared to controls (21.8% vs 10.2%; p = .006, OR = 2.54) and (44% vs 34.9%; p = .01; OR = 1.46), respectively. This correlation was confirmed only for males. This study also noted a significant increase of the mutated homozygous (RR) genotype and (R) allele frequencies of IFNGR2 in paranoid schizophrenics compared to controls (31.4% vs 10.2%; p = .001; OR = 3.34 and 47.2% vs 34.9%; p = .009; OR = 1.66, respectively). This increase remains significant after using binary logistic regression to eliminate confounding factors such as age and sex. Additionally, carriers of RR genotype have significant lower scores on the Scale of Assessment of Positive (SAPS) and negative (SANS) symptoms comparatively to the carrier of the QQ + QR genotypes, suggesting that the R recessive allele carriers could have milder symptoms. CONCLUSION The IFNGR2Q64R polymorphism is correlated with male sex and paranoid schizophrenia. It is suggested that a chronic neuroinflammation may predispose to the paranoid schizophrenia development in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Jemli
- a Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Inoubli
- a Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Trifa
- b Department of Biostatistics , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.,c Laboratory of Biomass Valorization and Production of Eucaryotic Proteins , Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Anouar Mechri
- d Laboratory of Psychiatry and Vulnerability to Psychoses - CHU Fatouma Bourguiba Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Ferid Zaafrane
- d Laboratory of Psychiatry and Vulnerability to Psychoses - CHU Fatouma Bourguiba Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- d Laboratory of Psychiatry and Vulnerability to Psychoses - CHU Fatouma Bourguiba Monastir , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Besma Bel Hadj Jrad
- a Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources , Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
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11
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Singh SK, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Saxena A, Kennedy AE, Ibrahimou B, Barbieri MA, Mills KI, McCauley JL, Okcu MF, Dorak MT. A childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia genome-wide association study identifies novel sex-specific risk variants. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5300. [PMID: 27861356 PMCID: PMC5120913 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs more frequently in males. Reasons behind sex differences in childhood ALL risk are unknown. In the present genome-wide association study (GWAS), we explored the genetic basis of sex differences by comparing genotype frequencies between male and female cases in a case-only study to assess effect-modification by sex.The case-only design included 236 incident cases of childhood ALL consecutively recruited at the Texas Children's Cancer Center in Houston, Texas from 2007 to 2012. All cases were non-Hispanic whites, aged 1 to 10 years, and diagnosed with confirmed B-cell precursor ALL. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanCoreExome BeadChip on the Illumina Infinium platform. Besides the top 100 statistically most significant results, results were also analyzed by the top 100 highest effect size with a nominal statistical significance (P <0.05).The statistically most significant sex-specific association (P = 4 × 10) was with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4813720 (RASSF2), an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for RASSF2 in peripheral blood. rs4813720 is also a strong methylation QTL (meQTL) for a CpG site (cg22485289) within RASSF2 in pregnancy, at birth, childhood, and adolescence. cg22485289 is one of the hypomethylated CpG sites in ALL compared with pre-B cells. Two missense SNPs, rs12722042 and 12722039, in the HLA-DQA1 gene yielded the highest effect sizes (odds ratio [OR] ∼ 14; P <0.01) for sex-specific results. The HLA-DQA1 SNPs belong to DQA1*01 and confirmed the previously reported male-specific association with DQA1*01. This finding supports the proposed infection-related etiology in childhood ALL risk for males. Further analyses revealed that most SNPs (either direct effect or through linkage disequilibrium) were within active enhancers or active promoter regions and had regulatory effects on gene expression levels.Cumulative data suggested that RASSF2 rs4813720, which correlates with increased RASSF2 expression, may counteract the suppressor effect of estrogen-regulated miR-17-92 on RASSF2 resulting in protection in males. Given the amount of sex hormone-related mechanisms suggested by our findings, future studies should examine prenatal or early postnatal programming by sex hormones when hormone levels show a large variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Singh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Amy E. Kennedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Boubakari Ibrahimou
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | | | - Ken I. Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jacob L. McCauley
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Biorepository Facility, Center for Genome Technology University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | - Mehmet Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mehmet Tevfik Dorak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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12
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Shuai P, Ye Z, Liu Y, Qu C, Liu X, Luo H, Feng X, Li X, Shi Y, Gong B. Association between SKIV2L polymorphism rs429608 and age-related macular degeneration: A meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:245-251. [PMID: 27484132 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1210650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shuai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zimeng Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Feng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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El Ansary MM, Mohammed LA, Hassan TH, Baraka A, Ahmed AA. Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 polymorphism in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:425-429. [PMID: 25798280 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to autoimmune diseases, there are clear associations between resistance or susceptibility to cancer and the classic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile of an individual. HLA-associated susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may provide clues to leukemogenesis in general and to the role of other risk factors. The present study aimed to determine the association between the HLA-DRB1 genotype and susceptibility to ALL in children and to assess the prognostic value of HLA-DRB1 alleles in these patients. This study included 50 ALL patients who were consecutively admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Zagazig University Hospital and 50 gender-matched healthy volunteers as a control group. The patients were subjected to full clinical history, thorough clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations. Molecular HLA-DRB1 typing for patients and controls using the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe technique was performed. HLA-DRB1*04 allele frequency was significantly higher in female patients compared to that in female controls (P=0.03) and in patients aged <10 years compared to those aged ≥10 years at the time of diagnosis (P=0.01). HLA-DRB1*11 allele frequency was significantly higher in high-risk compared to standard-risk patients (P=0.01) and in refractory patients compared to those who achieved remission (P=0.02). In conclusion, the HLA-DRB1*04 allele appears to be a female-specific susceptibility factor for the acquisition of childhood ALL and it may affect the age of onset of ALL. In addition, the HLA-DRB1*11 allele may be of prognostic significance in childhood ALL. However, further larger studies are required to support the conclusions drawn from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M El Ansary
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562
| | - Lamiaa A Mohammed
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Tamer H Hassan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Baraka
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa A Ahmed
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
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14
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Smith NLD, Denning DW. Clinical implications of interferon-γ genetic and epigenetic variants. Immunology 2015; 143:499-511. [PMID: 25052001 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an integral and critical molecule of the immune system, with multiple functions, mostly related to the T helper type 1 (Th1) response to infection. It is critical for defence against mycobacterial infection and is of increasing interest in defence against fungi. In this article, we review the genetic and epigenetic variants affecting IFN-γ expression and investigate its role in disease, with an emphasis on fungal diseases such as invasive and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Over 347 IFN-γ gene variants have been described, in multiple ethnic populations. Many appear to confer a susceptibility to disease, especially tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis, but also some non-infectious conditions such as aplastic anaemia, cervical cancer and psoriasis. Several epigenetic modifications are also described, increasing IFN-γ expression in Th1 lymphocytes and reducing IFN-γ expression in Th2 lymphocytes. Recombinant IFN-γ administration is licensed for the prophylaxis of infection (bacterial and fungal) in patients with the phagocyte functional deficiency syndrome chronic granulomatous disease, although the benefits appear limited. Interferon-γ therapy is given to patients with profound defects in IFN-γ and interleukin-12 production and appears to be beneficial for patients with invasive aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis, but the studies are not definitive. A high proportion of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis are poor producers of IFN-γ in response to multiple stimuli and could also benefit from IFN-γ administration. The investigation and management of patients with possible or demonstrated IFN-γ deficiency in adulthood is poorly studied and could be greatly enhanced with the integration of genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L D Smith
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; NIHR South Manchester Respiratory and Allergy Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, UK
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15
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Li X, Price MA, He D, Kamali A, Karita E, Lakhi S, Sanders EJ, Anzala O, Amornkul PN, Allen S, Hunter E, Kaslow RA, Gilmour J, Tang J. Host genetics and viral load in primary HIV-1 infection: clear evidence for gene by sex interactions. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1187-97. [PMID: 24969460 PMCID: PMC4127002 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Research in the past two decades has generated unequivocal evidence that host genetic variations substantially account for the heterogeneous outcomes following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In particular, genes encoding human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have various alleles, haplotypes, or specific motifs that can dictate the set-point (a relatively steady state) of plasma viral load (VL), although rapid viral evolution driven by innate and acquired immune responses can obscure the long-term relationships between HLA genotypes and HIV-1-related outcomes. In our analyses of VL data from 521 recent HIV-1 seroconverters enrolled from eastern and southern Africa, HLA-A*03:01 was strongly and persistently associated with low VL in women (frequency = 11.3 %, P < 0.0001) but not in men (frequency = 7.7 %, P = 0.66). This novel sex by HLA interaction (P = 0.003, q = 0.090) did not extend to other frequent HLA class I alleles (n = 34), although HLA-C*18:01 also showed a weak association with low VL in women only (frequency = 9.3 %, P = 0.042, q > 0.50). In a reduced multivariable model, age, sex, geography (clinical sites), previously identified HLA factors (HLA-B*18, B*45, B*53, and B*57), and the interaction term for female sex and HLA-A*03:01 collectively explained 17.0 % of the overall variance in geometric mean VL over a 3-year follow-up period (P < 0.0001). Multiple sensitivity analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional VL data yielded consistent results. These findings can serve as a proof of principle that the gap of "missing heritability" in quantitative genetics can be partially bridged by a systematic evaluation of sex-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Matthew A. Price
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York City, NY USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Dongning He
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Anatoli Kamali
- MRC/UVRI Uganda Virus Research Unit on AIDS, Masaka Site, Masaka, Uganda
| | | | - Shabir Lakhi
- Zambia-Emory HIV-1 Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Eduard J. Sanders
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauli N. Amornkul
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York City, NY USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Susan Allen
- Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda
- Zambia-Emory HIV-1 Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Eric Hunter
- Vaccine Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York City, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, 20420 USA
| | - Jill Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Human Immunology Laboratory, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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16
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Urayama KY, Thompson PD, Taylor M, Trachtenberg EA, Chokkalingam AP. Genetic variation in the extended major histocompatibility complex and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a review of the evidence. Front Oncol 2013; 3:300. [PMID: 24377085 PMCID: PMC3859964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enduring suspicion that infections and immunologic response may play a role in the etiology of childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is now supported, albeit still indirectly, by numerous epidemiological studies. The cumulative evidence includes, for example, descriptive observations of a peculiar peak incidence at age 2–5 years for ALL in economically developed countries, clustering of cases in situations of population mixing associated with unusual patterns of personal contacts, associations with various proxy measures for immune modulatory exposures early in life, and genetic susceptibility conferred by variation in genes involved in the immune system. In this review, our focus is the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an approximately 7.6 Mb region that is well-known for its high-density of expressed genes, extensive polymorphisms exhibiting complex linkage disequilibrium patterns, and its disproportionately large number of immune-related genes, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA). First discovered through the role they play in transplant rejection, the classical HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and class II (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP) molecules reside at the epicenter of the immune response pathways and are now the targets of many disease susceptibility studies, including those for childhood leukemia. The genes encoding the HLA molecules are only a minority of the over 250 expressed genes in the xMHC, and a growing number of studies are beginning to evaluate other loci through targeted investigations or utilizing a mapping approach with a comprehensive screen of the entire region. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence available to date regarding genetic variation contained within this highly unique region of the genome and its relationship with childhood ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Urayama
- School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA , USA ; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Cancer Immunogenetics, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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17
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Current evidence for an inherited genetic basis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2012; 97:3-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Polymorphisms in the inflammatory genes CIITA, CLEC16A and IFNG influence BMD, bone loss and fracture in elderly women. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47964. [PMID: 23133532 PMCID: PMC3485004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast activity and the fine balance between bone formation and resorption is affected by inflammatory factors such as cytokines and T lymphocyte activity, mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in turn regulated by the MHC class II transactivator (MHC2TA). We investigated the effect of functional polymorphisms in the MHC2TA gene (CIITA), and two additional genes; C-type lectin domain 16A (CLEC16A), in linkage disequilibrium with CIITA and Interferon-γ (IFNG), an inducer of CIITA; on bone density, bone resorption markers, bone loss and fracture risk in 75 year-old women followed for up to 10 years (OPRA n = 1003) and in young adult women (PEAK-25 n = 999). CIITA was associated with BMD at age 75 (lumbar spine p = 0.011; femoral neck (FN) p = 0.049) and age 80 (total body p = 0.015; total hip p = 0.042; FN p = 0.028). Carriers of the CIITA rs3087456(G) allele had 1.8–3.4% higher BMD and displayed increased rate of bone loss between age 75 and 80 (FN p = 0.013; total hip p = 0.030; total body p = 3.8E−5). Despite increasing bone loss, the rs3087456(G) allele was protective against incident fracture overall (p = 0.002), osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. Carriers of CLEC16A and IFNG variant alleles had lower BMD (p<0.05) and ultrasound parameters and a lower risk of incident fracture (CLEC16A, p = 0.011). In 25-year old women, none of the genes were associated with BMD. In conclusion, variation in inflammatory genes CIITA, CLEC-16A and INFG appear to contribute to bone phenotypes in elderly women and suggest a role for low-grade inflammation and MHC class II expression for osteoporosis pathogenesis.
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Mukherjee R, Kelly CP, Leffler DA. Gastrointestinal cancer in celiac disease: "the first days are the hardest days, don't you worry anymore?". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10:4-6. [PMID: 21982968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
There is now growing evidence that autoimmunity is the common trait connecting multiple clinical phenotypes albeit differences in tissue specificity, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches cannot be overlooked. Over the past years we witnessed a constant growth of the number of publications related to autoimmune diseases in peer-reviewed journals of the immunology area. Original data referred to factors from common injury pathways (i.e. T helper 17 cells, serum autoantibodies, or vitamin D) and specific diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. As an example, the issue of a latitudinal gradient in the prevalence and incidence rates has been proposed for all autoimmune diseases and was recently coined as geoepidemiology to suggest new environmental triggers for tolerance breakdown. The present article is aimed at reviewing the articles that were published over the past year in the major autoimmunity and immunology journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Autoimmunity and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Italy.
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