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Erdő-Bonyár S, Rapp J, Subicz R, Filipánits K, Minier T, Kumánovics G, Czirják L, Berki T, Simon D. Toll-like Receptor Homologue CD180 Ligation of B Cells Upregulates Type I IFN Signature in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7933. [PMID: 39063175 PMCID: PMC11277506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling has been shown to be upregulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Dysregulated B-cell functions, including antigen presentation, as well as antibody and cytokine production, all of which may be affected by IFN-I signaling, play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated the IFN-I signature in 71 patients with the more severe form of the disease, diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Activation via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can influence the IFN-I signaling cascade; thus, we analyzed the effects of the TLR homologue CD180 ligation on the IFN-I signature in B cells. CD180 stimulation augmented the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in dcSSc B cells (p = 0.0123). The expression of IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1) in non-switched memory B cells producing natural autoantibodies was elevated in dcSSc (p = 0.0109), which was enhanced following anti-CD180 antibody treatment (p = 0.0125). Autoantibodies to IFN-Is (IFN-alpha and omega) correlated (dcSSc p = 0.0003, HC p = 0.0192) and were present at similar levels in B cells from dcSSc and HC, suggesting their regulatory role as natural autoantibodies. It can be concluded that factors other than IFN-alpha may contribute to the elevated IFN-I signature of dcSSc B cells, and one possible candidate is B-cell activation via CD180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (R.S.); (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (R.S.); (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Rovéna Subicz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (R.S.); (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Kristóf Filipánits
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (K.F.); (T.M.); (G.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (K.F.); (T.M.); (G.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Gábor Kumánovics
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (K.F.); (T.M.); (G.K.); (L.C.)
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (K.F.); (T.M.); (G.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (R.S.); (T.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (R.S.); (T.B.); (D.S.)
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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Böröcz K, Balázs N, Badawy A, Bajnok A, Nörenberg J, Serény-Litvai T, Várnagy Á, Kovács K, Hantosi E, Mezősi E, Németh P, Berki T. Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1423. [PMID: 38338701 PMCID: PMC10855109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with autoimmune diseases has not been thoroughly investigated. As Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant organ-specific autoimmune condition of women of childbearing age, this study's objective was to evaluate IgM and IgG nAAbs targeting mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and heat shock proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in women diagnosed with HT who were pregnant (HTP). Serum samples collected from HTP and healthy pregnant (HP) women in the first and third trimesters were tested using in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our findings indicate the stability of nAAbs against CS and Hsps throughout the pregnancies of both healthy women and those with HT. However, during both trimesters, HTP patients displayed elevated levels of IgM isotype nAAbs against Hsp60 and Hsp70 compared to HP women, suggesting a regulatory role of IgM nAAbs during the pregnancies of patients with HT. Nonetheless, levels of IgG isotype nAAbs against Hsps were lower solely in the third trimester among HTP patients, resulting in a higher IgM/IgG ratio, which indicates their importance in alterations of the nAAb network during pregnancy in patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Balázs
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Bajnok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasper Nörenberg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Serény-Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Kovács
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hantosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Bodansky A, Yu DJL, Rallistan A, Kalaycioglu M, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Green DJ, Gauthier J, Turtle CJ, Zorn K, O’Donovan B, Mandel-Brehm C, Asaki J, Kortbawi H, Kung AF, Rackaityte E, Wang CY, Saxena A, de Dios K, Masi G, Nowak RJ, O’Connor KC, Li H, Diaz VE, Casaletto KB, Gontrum EQ, Chan B, Kramer JH, Wilson MR, Utz PJ, Hill JA, Jackson SW, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL. Unveiling the autoreactome: Proteome-wide immunological fingerprints reveal the promise of plasma cell depleting therapy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.19.23300188. [PMID: 38196603 PMCID: PMC10775319 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.23300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and burden of autoimmune and autoantibody mediated disease is increasing worldwide, yet most disease etiologies remain unclear. Despite numerous new targeted immunomodulatory therapies, comprehensive approaches to apply and evaluate the effects of these treatments longitudinally are lacking. Here, we leverage advances in programmable-phage immunoprecipitation (PhIP-Seq) methodology to explore the modulation, or lack thereof, of proteome-wide autoantibody profiles in both health and disease. We demonstrate that each individual, regardless of disease state, possesses a distinct set of autoreactivities constituting a unique immunological fingerprint, or "autoreactome", that is remarkably stable over years. In addition to uncovering important new biology, the autoreactome can be used to better evaluate the relative effectiveness of various therapies in altering autoantibody repertoires. We find that therapies targeting B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) profoundly alter an individual's autoreactome, while anti-CD19 and CD-20 therapies have minimal effects, strongly suggesting a rationale for BCMA or other plasma cell targeted therapies in autoantibody mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bodansky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David JL Yu
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alysa Rallistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Muge Kalaycioglu
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection (ITI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damian J. Green
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cameron J. Turtle
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelsey Zorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian O’Donovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James Asaki
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hannah Kortbawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew F. Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elze Rackaityte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Kimberly de Dios
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gianvito Masi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kevin C. O’Connor
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Valentina E. Diaz
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Q. Gontrum
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Chan
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua A. Hill
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaun W. Jackson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub SF, San Francisco, CA
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Mesleh A, Ehtewish H, Lennard K, Abdesselem HB, Al-Shaban F, Decock J, Alajez NM, Arredouani A, Emara MM, Albagha O, Stanton LW, Abdulla SA, Blackburnand JM, El-Agnaf OMA. High-throughput autoantibody screening identifies differentially abundant autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1222506. [PMID: 37908488 PMCID: PMC10613655 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1222506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by defects in two core domains, social/communication skills and restricted/repetitive behaviors or interests. There is no approved biomarker for ASD diagnosis, and the current diagnostic method is based on clinical manifestation, which tends to vary vastly between the affected individuals due to the heterogeneous nature of ASD. There is emerging evidence that supports the implication of the immune system in ASD, specifically autoimmunity; however, the role of autoantibodies in ASD children is not yet fully understood. Materials and methods In this study, we screened serum samples from 93 cases with ASD and 28 healthy controls utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) i-Ome protein-array technology. Our goal was to identify autoantibodies with differential expressions in ASD and to gain insights into the biological significance of these autoantibodies in the context of ASD pathogenesis. Result Our autoantibody expression analysis identified 29 differential autoantibodies in ASD, 4 of which were upregulated and 25 downregulated. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and network analysis showed that the proteins of these autoantibodies are expressed in the brain and involved in axonal guidance, chromatin binding, and multiple metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that these autoantibodies negatively correlate with the age of ASD subjects. Conclusion This study explored autoantibody reactivity against self-antigens in ASD individuals' serum using a high-throughput assay. The identified autoantibodies were reactive against proteins involved in axonal guidance, synaptic function, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katie Lennard
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Al-Shaban
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A. Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburnand
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Minich WB, Al-Mubarak AA, Anker SD, Cleland JGF, Dickstein K, Lang CC, Ng LL, Samani NJ, Zannad F, Metra M, Seemann P, Hoeg A, Lopez P, van Veldhuisen DJ, de Boer RA, Voors AA, van der Meer P, Schomburg L, Bomer N. Clinical and prognostic associations of autoantibodies recognizing adrenergic/muscarinic receptors in patients with heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1690-1705. [PMID: 36883593 PMCID: PMC10325696 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The importance of autoantibodies (AABs) against adrenergic/muscarinic receptors in heart failure (HF) is not well-understood. We investigated the prevalence and clinical/prognostic associations of four AABs recognizing the M2-muscarinic receptor or the β1-, β2-, or β3-adrenergic receptor in a large and well-characterized cohort of patients with HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum samples from 2256 patients with HF from the BIOSTAT-CHF cohort and 299 healthy controls were analysed using newly established chemiluminescence immunoassays. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization at 2-year follow-up, and each outcome was also separately investigated. Collectively, 382 (16.9%) patients and 37 (12.4%) controls were seropositive for ≥1 AAB (P = 0.045). Seropositivity occurred more frequently only for anti-M2 AABs (P = 0.025). Amongst patients with HF, seropositivity was associated with the presence of comorbidities (renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation) and with medication use. Only anti-β1 AAB seropositivity was associated with the primary outcome [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.37 (1.04-1.81), P = 0.024] and HF rehospitalization [1.57 (1.13-2.19), P = 0.010] in univariable analyses but remained associated only with HF rehospitalization after multivariable adjustment for the BIOSTAT-CHF risk model [1.47 (1.05-2.07), P = 0.030]. Principal component analyses showed considerable overlap in B-lymphocyte activity between seropositive and seronegative patients, based on 31 circulating biomarkers related to B-lymphocyte function. CONCLUSIONS AAB seropositivity was not strongly associated with adverse outcomes in HF and was mostly related to the presence of comorbidities and medication use. Only anti-β1 AABs were independently associated with HF rehospitalization. The exact clinical value of AABs remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Markousis-Mavrogenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Waldemar B Minich
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straß0065 4A, CCM, Berlin D-10115, Germany
- ImmunometriX GmbH i.L, Brandenburgische Str. 83, D-10713 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité; Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitépl. 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - John G F Cleland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Rd, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Rd, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm CIC 1403, CHRU, Cité Universitaire, 57000 Metz, France
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121 Brescia BS, Italy
| | - Petra Seemann
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straß0065 4A, CCM, Berlin D-10115, Germany
- ImmunometriX GmbH i.L, Brandenburgische Str. 83, D-10713 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Hoeg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straß0065 4A, CCM, Berlin D-10115, Germany
| | - Patricio Lopez
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straß0065 4A, CCM, Berlin D-10115, Germany
- ImmunometriX GmbH i.L, Brandenburgische Str. 83, D-10713 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straß0065 4A, CCM, Berlin D-10115, Germany
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Riba M, Campo-Sabariz J, Tena I, Molina-Porcel L, Ximelis T, Calvo M, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R, del Valle J, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Wasteosomes (corpora amylacea) of human brain can be phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 36307854 PMCID: PMC9617366 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corpora amylacea of human brain, recently renamed as wasteosomes, are granular structures that appear during aging and also accumulate in specific areas of the brain in neurodegenerative conditions. Acting as waste containers, wasteosomes are formed by polyglucosan aggregates that entrap and isolate toxic and waste substances of different origins. They are expelled from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be phagocytosed by macrophages. In the present study, we analyze the phagocytosis of wasteosomes and the mechanisms involved in this process. Accordingly, we purified wasteosomes from post-mortem extracted human CSF and incubated them with THP-1 macrophages. Immunofluorescence staining and time-lapse recording techniques were performed to evaluate the phagocytosis. We also immunostained human hippocampal sections to study possible interactions between wasteosomes and macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Results We observed that the wasteosomes obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF are opsonized by MBL and the C3b complement protein. Moreover, we observed that CD206 and CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of these wasteosomes by THP-1 macrophages. Once phagocytosed, wasteosomes become degraded and some of the resulting fractions can be exposed on the surface of macrophages and interchanged between different macrophages. However, brain tissue studies show that, in physiological conditions, CD206 but not CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of wasteosomes. Conclusions The present study indicates that macrophages have the machinery required to process and degrade wasteosomes, and that macrophages can interact in different ways with wasteosomes. In physiological conditions, the main mechanism involve CD206 receptors and M2 macrophages, which trigger the phagocytosis of wasteosomes without inducing inflammatory responses, thus avoiding tissue damage. However, altered wasteosomes like those obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF, which may exhibit waste elements, become opsonized by MBL and C3b, and so CD35 receptors constitute another possible mechanism of phagocytosis, leading in this case to inflammatory responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Campo-Sabariz
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iraida Tena
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada - Campus Clínic, Facultat de Medicina, Centres Científics i Tecnològics - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Ferrer
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Graßhoff H, Fourlakis K, Comdühr S, Riemekasten G. Autoantibodies as Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092150. [PMID: 36140251 PMCID: PMC9496142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation evoking the pathophysiological triad of inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy. In SSc, several alterations in the B-cell compartment have been described, leading to polyclonal B-cell hyperreactivity, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies promote and maintain pathologic mechanisms. In addition, autoantibodies in SSc are important biomarkers for predicting clinical phenotype and disease progression. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies represent potentially promising targets for therapeutic approaches including B-cell-targeting therapies, as well as strategies for unselective and selective removal of autoantibodies. In this review, we present mechanisms of the innate immune system leading to the generation of autoantibodies, alterations of the B-cell compartment in SSc, autoantibodies as biomarkers and autoantibody-mediated pathologies in SSc as well as potential therapeutic approaches to target these.
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8
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Treger RS, Fink SL. Beyond Titer: Expanding the Scope of Clinical Autoantibody Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:99-113. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoantibodies that bind self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, but can also be present in healthy individuals. Clinical assays that detect and titer antigen-specific autoantibodies are an important component of the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis via effector functions that are dictated by both the antigen-binding site and constant domain.
Content
In this review, we discuss features of antibodies, in addition to antigen-binding specificity, which determine effector function. These features include class, subclass, allotype, and glycosylation. We discuss emerging data indicating that analysis of these antibody features may be informative for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. We also consider methodologies to interrogate these features and consider how they could be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
Summary
Future autoantibody assays may incorporate assessment of additional antibody features that contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and provide added clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Treger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Ferretti C, Horwitz DA, Bickerton S, La Cava A. Nanoparticle-mediated Delivery of IL-2 To T Follicular Helper Cells Protects BDF1 Mice from Lupus-like Disease. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:185-193. [PMID: 36465067 PMCID: PMC9524795 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with interleukin (IL)-2 and targeted to T cells inhibited the development of lupus-like disease in BDF1 mice by inducing functional T regulatory cells (Tregs). Here we show that the protection from disease and the extended survival of BDF1 mice provided by IL-2-loaded NPs targeted to T cells is not only due to an induction of Tregs but also contributed by an inhibition of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. These results identify a dual protective activity of IL-2 in the control of lupus autoimmunity, namely the inhibition of effector TFH cells, in addition to the previously known induction of Tregs. This newly recognized activity of IL-2 delivered by NPs can help better explain the beneficial effects of low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and might be considered as a new strategy to slow disease progression and improve outcomes in lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Ferretti
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A. Horwitz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- General Nanotherapeutics, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sean Bickerton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e. Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Simon D, Balogh P, Erdő-Bonyár S, Böröcz K, Minier T, Czirják L, Berki T. Increased Frequency of Activated Switched Memory B Cells and Its Association With the Presence of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686483. [PMID: 34276673 PMCID: PMC8278062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-associated, high-affinity pathological autoantibody production is a well-described consequence of immune dysregulation affecting B cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc), including the distribution of B-cell subsets. We have previously shown that the increased relative frequency of CD19+CD27+IgD- switched memory B cells is associated with the severe form of SSc. This study sought to analyze memory B cell subsets using an extended range of markers for further subdivision based on CD19, IgD, CD27, CD38 and CD95 phenotype, to define relationship between the alterations of memory B cell subsets and the clinical features of SSc. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 21 SSc patients, including 14 diffuse (dcSSc) and 7 limited (lcSSc) cutaneous SSc patients, with disease duration of 2.7 ( ± 1.6) years. After purification of CD19+ B cells, multiparametric flow cytometry was performed and the frequencies of CD19+IgD-CD27-CD38+ double negative (DN) 1, CD19+IgDloCD27+CD38+ unswitched, CD19+IgD-CD27+CD38+CD95- resting switched and CD19+IgD-CD27+CD38-CD95+ activated switched memory (ASM) B cells were determined, and correlated with clinical features of SSc. The dcSSc patients had a higher frequency of ASM B cells (p = 0.028) compared to lcSSc patients. The percentage of ASM B cells was elevated in anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) antibody positive patients compared to negative patients (p = 0.016). Additionally, the frequency of ASM B cells was also increased in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.003) suggesting that patients with severe form of SSc have higher ASM B cell ratios. Furthermore, the ratio of DN1 B cells was decreased (p = 0.029), while the level of anti-citrate synthase IgG natural autoantibody was elevated (p = 0.028) in patients with active disease. Our observations on the increase of ASM B cells in dcSSc and in patients with pulmonary fibrosis may point to the association of this alteration with the severe form of the disease. Functionally the correlation of ASM B cells as effector memory-plasma cell precursors with anti-topoisomerase I antibody positivity could reflect their contribution to pathological autoantibody production, whereas the decrease of memory precursor DN B cells and the increase of anti-citrate synthase IgG autoantibody may have potential significance in the assessment of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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11
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Riba M, Augé E, Tena I, Del Valle J, Molina-Porcel L, Ximelis T, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Corpora Amylacea in the Human Brain Exhibit Neoepitopes of a Carbohydrate Nature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618193. [PMID: 34262556 PMCID: PMC8273382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) in the human brain are polyglucosan bodies that accumulate residual substances originated from aging and both neurodegenerative and infectious processes. These structures, which act as waste containers, are released from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid, reach the cervical lymph nodes via the meningeal lymphatic system and may be phagocytosed by macrophages. Recent studies indicate that CA present certain neoepitopes (NEs) that can be recognized by natural antibodies of the IgM class, and although evidence of different kinds suggests that these NEs may be formed by carbohydrate structures, their precise nature is unknown. Here, we adapted standard techniques to examine this question. We observed that the preadsorption of IgMs with specific carbohydrates has inhibitory effects on the interaction between IgMs and CA, and found that the digestion of CA proteins had no effect on this interaction. These findings point to the carbohydrate nature of the NEs located in CA. Moreover, the present study indicates that, in vitro, the binding between certain natural IgMs and certain epitopes may be disrupted by certain monosaccharides. We wonder, therefore, whether these inhibitions may also occur in vivo. Further studies should now be carried out to assess the possible in vivo effect of glycemia on the reactivity of natural IgMs and, by extension, on natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Augé
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iraida Tena
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Pashnina IA, Krivolapova IM, Fedotkina TV, Ryabkova VA, Chereshneva MV, Churilov LP, Chereshnev VA. Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Health: Autoimmunity Is Not a Synonym of Autoimmune Disease. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 33668697 PMCID: PMC8006153 DOI: 10.3390/antib10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is a critical tool for their diagnosis. However, ANA prevalence in healthy persons has increased over the last decades, especially among young people. ANA in health occurs in low concentrations, with a prevalence up to 50% in some populations, which demands a cutoff revision. This review deals with the origin and probable physiological or compensatory function of ANA in health, according to the concept of immunological clearance, theory of autoimmune regulation of cell functions, and the concept of functional autoantibodies. Considering ANA titers ≤1:320 as a serological marker of autoimmune diseases seems inappropriate. The role of anti-DFS70/LEDGFp75 autoantibodies is highlighted as a possible anti-risk biomarker for autoimmune rheumatic disorders. ANA prevalence in health is different in various regions due to several underlying causes discussed in the review, all influencing additive combinations according to the concept of the mosaic of autoimmunity. Not only are titers, but also HEp-2 IFA) staining patterns, such as AC-2, important. Accepting autoantibodies as a kind of bioregulator, not only the upper, but also the lower borders of their normal range should be determined; not only their excess, but also a lack of them or "autoimmunodeficiency" could be the reason for disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Pashnina
- Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, 620149 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Irina M. Krivolapova
- Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, 620149 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Tamara V. Fedotkina
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Varvara A. Ryabkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Margarita V. Chereshneva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.F.); (V.A.R.); (L.P.C.)
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy A. Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.V.C.); (V.A.C.)
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13
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Erdő-Bonyár S, Rapp J, Minier T, Ráth G, Najbauer J, Czirják L, Németh P, Berki T, Simon D. Toll-Like Receptor Mediated Activation of Natural Autoantibody Producing B Cell Subpopulations in an Autoimmune Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6152. [PMID: 31817576 PMCID: PMC6940962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression and function of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) homologue CD180 molecule in B cells have been associated with autoimmune disorders. In this study, we report decreased expression of CD180 at protein and mRNA levels in peripheral blood B cells of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) patients. To analyze the effect of CD180 stimulation, together with CpG (TLR9 ligand) treatment, on the phenotype defined by CD19/CD27/IgD/CD24/CD38 staining, and function (CD69 and CD180 expression, cytokine and antibody secretion) of B cell subpopulations, we used tonsillar B cells. After stimulation, we found reduced expression of CD180 protein and mRNA in total B cells, and CD180 protein in B cell subpopulations. The frequency of CD180+ cells was the highest in the CD19+CD27+IgD+ non-switched (NS) B cell subset, and they showed the strongest activation after anti-CD180 stimulation. Furthermore, B cell activation via CD180 induced IL-6 and natural autoantibody secretion. Treatment with the combination of anti-CD180 antibody and CpG resulted in increased IL-6 and IL-10 secretion and natural autoantibody production of B cells. Our results support the role of CD180 in the induction of natural autoantibody production, possibly by NS B cells, and suggest an imbalance between the pathologic and natural autoantibody production in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Gábor Ráth
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (P.N.); (D.S.)
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14
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Abstract
Neuroimmunological disorders are diseases of the nervous system, wherein the immune system contributes to tissue injury and repair. Autoantibodies are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of neuroimmunological disorders and evaluating disease activity. Emerging evidence indicates that several autoantibodies are associated with neuroimmunological diseases. While the differential diagnostic process based on the positivity of autoantibodies has been established, the mechanisms underlying the production of these autoantibodies still need to be investigated. Autoantibodies are not necessarily pathogenic, and some are involved in immune regulation. Autoantibody-producing plasmablasts are involved in both pathogenicity and immune regulation of diseases. Thus, comparisons between these pathogenic and regulatory plasmablasts may give us clues understanding the machinery of autoantibody-related neuroimmunological diseases. Moreover, elucidating these mechanisms may allow the development of new immune-modulatory therapies to facilitate regulatory B cell function in neuroimmunological diseases. To this end, herein the roles of plasmablasts in neuroimmunological disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Chihara
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Natural antibodies are an innate-like subset of serum antibodies involved in host defense, tumor surveillance, homeostasis, and autoimmunity. Defining the natural antibody repertoire is critical for identifying biomarkers, developing vaccines, controlling and preventing autoimmunity, and understanding the development and organization of the immune system. While natural antibodies to protein antigens have been studied in depth, little is known about natural antibodies to carbohydrate antigens. To address this, we profiled IgM from umbilical cord blood and matched maternal sera on a glycan microarray. Since standard methods to detect maternal contamination in cord serum did not have sufficient sensitivity for our study, we developed a highly sensitive microarray-based assay. Using this method, we found that over 50% of the cord samples had unacceptable levels of maternal contamination. For the cord samples with high purity, anti-glycan IgM antibodies were prevalent and recognized a broad range of non-human and human glycans. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, cord IgM repertoires showed a high degree of similarity with each other but were distinct from maternal IgM repertoires. Our results demonstrate that many anti-glycan antibodies in human serum are natural antibodies and provide new insights into the development of anti-glycan antibody repertoires.
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16
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Wallenius M, Lind A, Akel O, Karlsson E, Svensson M, Arvidsson E, Ramelius A, Törn C, Palm L, Lernmark Å, Elding Larsson H. Autoantibodies in Pandemrix ®-induced narcolepsy: Nine candidate autoantigens fail the conformational autoantibody test. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:185-191. [PMID: 31328572 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1643843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Study objectives: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by loss of hypocretin-producing neurons. Increased NT1 incidence was observed in Sweden following mass-vaccination with Pandemrix®. Genetic association to HLA DQB1*06:02 implies an autoimmune origin, but target autoantigen remains unknown. Candidate autoantigens for NT1 have previously been identified in solid-phase immunoassays, while autoantibodies against conformation-dependent epitopes are better detected in radiobinding assays. The aims are to determine autoantibody levels against nine candidate autoantigens representing (1) proteins of the hypocretin transmitter system; Preprohypocretin (ppHypocretin), Hypocretin peptides 1 and 2 (HCRT1 and HCRT2) and Hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2); (2) proteins previously associated with NT1; Tribbles homologue 2 (TRIB2), Pro-opiomelanocortin/alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (POMC/α-MSH) and Prostaglandin D2 Receptor DP1 (DP1); (3) proteins suggested as autoantigens for multiple sclerosis (another HLA DQB1*06:02-associated neurological disease); ATP-dependent Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir4.1 (KIR4.1) and Calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 2 (ANO2). Methods: Serum from post-Pandemrix® NT1 patients (n = 31) and their healthy first-degree relatives (n = 66) were tested for autoantibody levels in radiobinding assays separating autoantibody bound from free labelled antigen with Protein A-Sepharose. 125I-labelled HCRT1 and HCRT2 were commercially available while 35S-methionine-labelled ppHypocretin, HCRTR2, TRIB2, α-MSH/POMC, DP1, KIR4.1 or ANO2 was prepared by in vitro transcription translation of respective cDNA. In-house standards were used to express data in arbitrary Units/ml (U/ml). Results: All radiolabelled autoantigens were detected in a concentration-dependent manner by respective standard sera. Levels of autoantibodies in the NT1 patients did not differ from healthy first-degree relatives in any of the nine candidate autoantigens. Conclusions: None of the nine labelled proteins proposed to be autoantigens were detected in the radiobinding assays for conformation-dependent autoantibodies. The results emphasise the need of further studies to identify autoantigen(s) and clarify the mechanisms in Pandemrix®-induced NT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Wallenius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Alexander Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Omar Akel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Emma Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Markus Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Elin Arvidsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Anita Ramelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Carina Törn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Lars Palm
- Section for Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö , Sweden
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17
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Simon D, Gilicze O, Farkas N, Najbauer J, Németh P, Lénárd L, Berki T. Correlation of natural autoantibodies and cardiovascular disease-related anti-bacterial antibodies in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:55-63. [PMID: 29573404 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that anti-citrate synthase (anti-CS) immunoglobulin (Ig)M natural autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals without previous antigen stimulation, but no studies have investigated their presence in the pericardial fluid (PF). Therefore, we detected the natural anti-CS IgG/M autoantibody levels in plasma and PF of cardiac surgery patients and investigated their relationship with cardiovascular disease-associated bacterial pathogens. PF and blood samples of 22 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 10 aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients were tested for total Ig levels, natural autoantibodies and infection-related antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex methods. The B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. The total Ig subclass levels were four to eight times lower in PF than in plasma, but the natural anti-CS IgM autoantibodies showed a relative increase in PF. The frequency of CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower in PF than in blood (P = 0·01), with a significant relative increase of B1 cells (P = 0·005). Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody-positive patients had significantly higher anti-CS IgM levels. In CABG patients we found a correlation between anti-CS IgG levels and M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titres. Our results provide the first evidence that natural autoantibodies are present in the PF, and they show a significant correlation with certain anti-bacterial antibody titres in a disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - O Gilicze
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - N Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L Lénárd
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Getahun A, Cambier JC. Non-Antibody-Secreting Functions of B Cells and Their Contribution to Autoimmune Disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:337-356. [PMID: 30883216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
B cells play multiple important roles in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. Beyond producing pathogenic autoantibodies, B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells and producers of cytokines, including both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here we review our current understanding of the non-antibody-secreting roles that B cells may play during development of autoimmunity, as learned primarily from reductionist preclinical models. Attention is also given to concepts emerging from clinical studies using B cell depletion therapy, which shed light on the roles of these mechanisms in human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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19
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Kuri-Magaña H, Collado-Torres L, Jaffe AE, Valdovinos-Torres H, Ovilla-Muñoz M, Téllez-Sosa J, Bonifaz LC, Martínez-Barnetche J. Non-coding Class Switch Recombination-Related Transcription in Human Normal and Pathological Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2679. [PMID: 30519242 PMCID: PMC6260145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) to IgG, IgA, or IgE is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, allowing antibody function diversification beyond IgM. CSR involves a deletion of the IgM/IgD constant region genes placing a new acceptor Constant gene, downstream of the VDJH exon. CSR depends on non-coding (CSRnc) transcription of donor Iμ and acceptor IH exons, located 5′ upstream of each CH coding gene. Although, our knowledge of the role of CSRnc transcription has advanced greatly, its extension and importance in healthy and diseased humans is scarce. We analyzed CSRnc transcription in 70,603 publicly available RNA-seq samples, including GTEx, TCGA, and the Sequence Read Archive using recount2, an online resource consisting of normalized RNA-seq gene and exon counts, as well as, coverage BigWig files that can be programmatically accessed through R. CSRnc transcription was validated with a qRT-PCR assay for Iμ, Iγ3, and Iγ1 in humans in response to vaccination. We mapped IH transcription for the human IGH locus, including the less understood IGHD gene. CSRnc transcription was restricted to B cells and is widely distributed in normal adult tissues, but predominant in blood, spleen, MALT-containing tissues, visceral adipose tissue and some so-called “immune privileged” tissues. However, significant Iγ4 expression was found even in non-lymphoid fetal tissues. CSRnc expression in cancer tissues mimicked the expression of their normal counterparts, with notable pattern changes in some common cancer subsets. CSRnc transcription in tumors appears to result from tumor infiltration by B cells, since CSRnc transcription was not detected in corresponding tumor-derived immortal cell lines. Additionally, significantly increased Iδ transcription in ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease with ulceration was found. In conclusion, CSRnc transcription occurs in multiple anatomical locations beyond classical secondary lymphoid organs, representing a potentially useful marker of effector B cell responses in normal and pathological immune responses. The pattern of IH exon expression may reveal clues of the local immune response (i.e., cytokine milieu) in health and disease. This is a great example of how the public recount2 data can be used to further our understanding of transcription, including regions outside the known transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kuri-Magaña
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Humberto Valdovinos-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Marbella Ovilla-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Juan Téllez-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Medica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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20
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de Klerk B, Emam M, Thompson-Crispi KA, Sargolzaei M, van der Poel JJ, Mallard BA. A genome-wide association study for natural antibodies measured in blood of Canadian Holstein cows. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:694. [PMID: 30241501 PMCID: PMC6150957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural antibodies (NAb) are an important component of the innate immune system, and fight infections as a part of the first line defence. NAb are poly-reactive and can respond non-specifically to antigens. Therefore, NAb may be a key trait when evaluating an animal's potential natural disease resistance. Variation in NAb is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study genetic parameters of NAb were estimated and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to gain further understanding on the genes that are responsible for the observed genetic variation of NAb in Canadian Holsteins. RESULTS In total, blood samples of 1327 cows from 64 farms were studied. NAb binding to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were determined via indirect ELISA. Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgG and IgM, were evaluated. From the sample population, 925 cows were genotyped for 45,187 markers and each individual marker was tested to detect genetic variation in NAb levels. The relationships among animals was accounted for with genomic relationship. Results show heritabilities of 0.27 ± 0.064 (IgG) and 0.31 ± 0.065 (IgM). In total, 23 SNPs were found to be associated with IgG, but no SNPs were associated with IgM (FDR p-value < 0.05). The significant SNPs were located on autosomal chromosomes 1, 20 and 21 of the cow genome. Functional annotation analysis of the positional candidate genes revealed two sets of genes with biologically relevant functions related to NAb. In one set, seven genes with crucial roles in the production of antibody in B cells were associated with the trafficking of vesicles inside the cells between organelles. In the second set, two genes among positional candidate genes were associated with isotype class-switching and somatic hypermutation of B cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the possibility of increasing NAb through selective breeding. In addition, the effects of two candidate pathways are proposed for further investigation of NAb production in Holsteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt de Klerk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Emam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Genetic improvement of livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Semex Alliance, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Johan J van der Poel
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bonnie A Mallard
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Genetic improvement of livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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21
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van den Broek T, Madi A, Delemarre EM, Schadenberg AWL, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM, Nierkens S, Redegeld FA, Otten HG, Rossetti M, Albani S, Sorek R, Cohen IR, Jansen NJG, van Wijk F. Human neonatal thymectomy induces altered B-cell responses and autoreactivity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1970-1981. [PMID: 28691750 PMCID: PMC5697610 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An association between T‐cell lymphopenia and autoimmunity has long been proposed, but it remains to be elucidated whether T‐cell lymphopenia affects B‐cell responses to autoantigens. Human neonatal thymectomy (Tx) results in a decrease in T‐cell numbers and we used this model to study the development of autoreactivity. Two cohorts of neonatally thymectomized individuals were examined, a cohort of young (1–5 years post‐Tx, n = 10–27) and older children (>10 years, n = 26), and compared to healthy age‐matched controls. T‐cell and B‐cell subsets were assessed and autoantibody profiling performed. Early post‐Tx, a decrease in T‐cell numbers (2.75 × 109/L vs. 0.71 × 109/L) and an increased proportion of memory T cells (19.72 vs. 57.43%) were observed. The presence of autoantibodies was correlated with an increased proportion of memory T cells in thymectomized children. No differences were seen in percentages of different B‐cell subsets between the groups. The autoantigen microarray showed a skewed autoantibody response after Tx. In the cohort of older individuals, autoantibodies were present in 62% of the thymectomized children, while they were found in only 33% of the healthy controls. Overall, our data suggest that neonatal Tx skews the autoantibody profile. Preferential expansion and preservation of Treg (regulatory T) cell stability and function, may contribute to preventing autoimmune disease development after Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo van den Broek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eveline M Delemarre
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin W L Schadenberg
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | | | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicolaas J G Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Gupta S, Gupta A. Selective IgM Deficiency-An Underestimated Primary Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1056. [PMID: 28928736 PMCID: PMC5591887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although selective IgM deficiency (SIGMD) was described almost five decades ago, it was largely ignored as a primary immunodeficiency. SIGMD is defined as serum IgM levels below two SD of mean with normal serum IgG and IgA. It appears to be more common than originally realized. SIGMD is observed in both children and adults. Patients with SIGMD may be asymptomatic; however, approximately 80% of patients with SIGMD present with infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. There is an increased frequency of allergic and autoimmune diseases in SIGMD. A number of B cell subset abnormalities have been reported and impaired specific antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae responses are observed in more than 45% of cases. Innate immunity, T cells, T cell subsets, and T cell functions are essentially normal. The pathogenesis of SIGMD remains unclear. Mice selectively deficient in secreted IgM are also unable to control infections from bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, and develop autoimmunity. Immunological and clinical similarities and differences between mouse models of deficiency of secreted IgM and humans with SIGMD have been discussed. Patients with SIGMD presenting with recurrent infections and specific antibody deficiency responses appear to improve clinically on immunoglobulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Gupta
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ankmalika Gupta
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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23
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Krasnov A, Jørgensen SM, Afanasyev S. Ig-seq: Deep sequencing of the variable region of Atlantic salmon IgM heavy chain transcripts. Mol Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28623734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M plays a key role in systemic protection of Atlantic salmon against pathogens. Until recent, studies have focused on antigen-specific antibodies and little is known about the IgM repertoire: its size, developmental changes and responses to antigens. We report the development of deep sequencing protocol to characterize the repertoire of IgM heavy chain variable region. Its structure and changes were examined at the early stages of life and after infection with virus of cardiac myopathy. Clonotypes are identified by the V and J gene segments and amino acid sequences of CDR3, which determine the contribution of the heavy chain to the antigen binding properties. A major fraction of transcripts are functional while the rest are either sterile (transcribed from noncoding parts of Ig loci) or include stop codons. Despite marked difference in frequencies of combinations of V and J genes, the size of repertoire is large. The IgM diversity steadily increases after hatch followed with temporal reduction during smoltification and recovery after seawater transfer. Most clonotypes are present only in one fish. However multiple transcripts in uninfected fish are produced exclusively from a small fraction of shared clonotypes. While only 4.7% of clonotypes are detected in three and more fish, they comprise 35% of transcripts. Increased frequencies of most abundant clonotypes were detected in the head kidney and blood at ten weeks after viral infection and all were shared. Occurrence of the same clonotypes in multiple individuals can be explained with either their simple structure or exposure to common antigens. Complexity of CDR3 assessed by contents of non complementary nucleotides is slightly lower in shared clonotypes but difference is small. High nucleotide diversity of CDR3 with identical amino acid sequences suggests selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Afanasyev
- Nofima AS, PO Box 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, M. Toreza av. 44, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
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24
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Ludwig RJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, Leypoldt F, Kaya Z, Bieber K, McLachlan SM, Komorowski L, Luo J, Cabral-Marques O, Hammers CM, Lindstrom JM, Lamprecht P, Fischer A, Riemekasten G, Tersteeg C, Sondermann P, Rapoport B, Wandinger KP, Probst C, El Beidaq A, Schmidt E, Verkman A, Manz RA, Nimmerjahn F. Mechanisms of Autoantibody-Induced Pathology. Front Immunol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28620373 PMCID: PMC5449453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Graves' disease. Overall, more than 2.5% of the population is affected by autoantibody-driven autoimmune disease. Pathways leading to autoantibody-induced pathology greatly differ among different diseases, and autoantibodies directed against the same antigen, depending on the targeted epitope, can have diverse effects. To foster knowledge in autoantibody-induced pathology and to encourage development of urgently needed novel therapeutic strategies, we here categorized autoantibodies according to their effects. According to our algorithm, autoantibodies can be classified into the following categories: (1) mimic receptor stimulation, (2) blocking of neural transmission, (3) induction of altered signaling, triggering uncontrolled (4) microthrombosis, (5) cell lysis, (6) neutrophil activation, and (7) induction of inflammation. These mechanisms in relation to disease, as well as principles of autoantibody generation and detection, are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Jon M. Lindstrom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical-Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Asmaa El Beidaq
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alan Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gupta S, Agrawal S, Gollapudi S, Kubagawa H. FcμR in human B cell subsets in primary selective IgM deficiency, and regulation of FcμR and production of natural IgM antibodies by IGIV. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1194-1201. [PMID: 27751883 PMCID: PMC5812685 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IgMFcR (FcμR) are expressed on B cell and B cell subsets. Mice deficient in secreted IgM and FcμR share properties of impaired specific antibody response and autoimmunity with patient with selective IgM deficiency (SIGMD). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) regulates immune response, including modulation of IgGFc receptors. However, there are no data on the expression of FcμR in patients with SIGMD, and the effects of IGIV on FcμR. In this study, we investigated FcμR expression in naïve marginal zone (MZ), IgM memory, and class-switched memory B cells in patients with selective IgM deficiency and healthy controls. Furthermore, we examined the direct effect of IGIV on FcμR expression and on the upregulation of FcμR by TLR2 agonist (Pam3). Finally, we examined the effect of IVIG on spontaneously produced IgM and natural IgM anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies by B cells and B1 cells. FcμR expression is significantly decreased in MZ B cells in patients with SIGMD as compared to control. IGIV, at immunomodulatory concentrations, inhibited FcμR upregulation by Pam3 in MZ B cells, and IgM-depleted IGIV inhibited spontaneous secretion of natural IgM anti-PC antibodies and not total IgM by B1 cells. These data suggest that decreased FcμR expression on MZ B cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of SIGMD, and an inhibition of TLR-2-induced upregulation of FcμR by IGIV may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action. IGIV-induced inhibition of natural IgM antibodies may be one of the mechanisms of IGIV-induced immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sastry Gollapudi
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Avrameas S. Autopolyreactivity Confers a Holistic Role in the Immune System. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:227-34. [PMID: 26808310 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize and discuss some key findings from the study of naturally occurring autoantibodies. The B-cell compartment of the immune system appears to recognize almost all endogenous and environmental antigens. This ability is accomplished principally through autopolyreactive humoral and cellular immune receptors. This extended autopolyreactivity (1) along immunoglobulin gene recombination contributes to the immune system's ability to recognize a very large number of self and non-self constituents; and (2) generates a vast immune network that creates communication channels between the organism's interior and exterior. Thus, the immune system continuously evolves depending on the internal and external stimuli it encounters. Furthermore, this far-reaching network's existence implies activities resembling those of classical biological factors or activities that modulate the function of other classical biological factors. A few such antibodies have already been found. Another important concept is that natural autoantibodies are highly dependent on the presence or absence of commensal microbes in the organism. These results are in line with past and recent findings showing the fundamental influence of the microbiota on proper immune system development, and necessitate the existence of a host-microbe homeostasis. This homeostasis requires that the participating humoral and cellular receptors are able to recognize self-antigens and commensal microbes without damaging them. Autopolyreactive immune receptors expressing low affinity for both types of antigens fulfil this role. The immune system appears to play a holistic role similar to that of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Avrameas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Manich G, Augé E, Cabezón I, Pallàs M, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Neo-epitopes emerging in the degenerative hippocampal granules of aged mice can be recognized by natural IgM auto-antibodies. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:23. [PMID: 26604974 PMCID: PMC4657344 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative granular structures appear progressively with age in the hippocampus of most mouse strains. We recently reported that these granules contain a neo-epitope that is recognised by IgM antibodies present as contaminants in many commercial antibodies obtained from mouse ascites and mouse or rabbit serum. We hypothesise that these anti-neo-epitope IgMs are in fact natural auto-antibodies that are generated spontaneously during the foetal stage without previous contact with external antigens and whose repertoire and reactivity pattern have been determined through evolution, being remarkably stable within species and even between species. FINDINGS In the present work we found that mice from the ICR-CD1, BALB/C and SAMP8 strains have anti-neo-epitope IgM antibodies in their plasma at all ages tested and even when maintained under specific opportunistic pathogen-free conditions. Moreover, we determined that these anti-neo-epitope IgMs are also present in rabbit, goat and rat serum. We also found that, in each mouse that presented hippocampal granules, the anti-neo-epitope IgMs contained in its plasma recognised the neo-epitopes in its own granules. CONCLUSIONS This study led to the conclusion that anti-neo-epitope IgMs are widespread natural auto-antibodies contained in the plasma of mice and other species. The presence of these natural auto-antibodies not only explains why they are frequently found as contaminants in commercial antibodies, but also paves the way for a new approach to a treatment and diagnosis of pathological brain processes based on natural IgMs and neo-epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Manich
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Augé
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itsaso Cabezón
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The peer-reviewed publications in the field of autoimmunity published in 2013 represented a significant proportion of immunology articles and grew since the previous year to indicate that more immune-mediated phenomena may recognize an autoimmune mechanism and illustrated by osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. As a result, our understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmunity is becoming the paradigm for translational research in which the progress in disease pathogenesis for both tolerance breakdown and inflammation perpetuation is rapidly followed by new treatment approaches and clinical management changes. The similarities across the autoimmune disease spectrum outnumber differences, particularly when treatments are compared. Indeed, the therapeutics of autoimmune diseases are based on a growing armamentarium that currently includes monoclonal antibodies and small molecules which act by targeting molecular markers or intracellular mediators with high specificity. Among the over 100 conditions considered as autoimmune, the common grounds are well illustrated by the data reported for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis or by the plethora of studies on Th17 cells and biomarkers, particularly serum autoantibodies. Further, we are particularly intrigued by studies on the genomics, epigenetics, and microRNA at different stages of disease development or on the safe and effective use of abatacept acting on the costimulation of T and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. We are convinced that the data published in 2013 represent a promising background for future developments that will exponentially impact the work of laboratory and clinical scientists over the next years.
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Structural basis for quinine-dependent antibody binding to platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Blood 2015; 126:2138-45. [PMID: 26282540 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) is caused by antibodies that react with specific platelet-membrane glycoproteins when the provoking drug is present. More than 100 drugs have been implicated as triggers for this condition, quinine being one of the most common. The cause of DITP in most cases appears to be a drug-induced antibody that binds to a platelet membrane glycoprotein only when the drug is present. How a soluble drug promotes binding of an otherwise nonreactive immunoglobulin to its target, leading to platelet destruction, is uncertain, in part because of the difficulties of working with polyclonal human antibodies usually available only in small quantities. Recently, quinine-dependent murine monoclonal antibodies were developed that recognize a defined epitope on the β-propeller domain of the platelet integrin αIIb subunit (GPIIb) only when the drug is present and closely mimic the behavior of antibodies found in human patients with quinine-induced thrombocytopenia in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate specific, high-affinity binding of quinine to the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of these antibodies and define in crystal structures the changes induced in the CDR by this interaction. Because no detectable binding of quinine to the target integrin could be demonstrated in previous studies, the findings indicate that a hybrid paratope consisting of quinine and reconfigured antibody CDR plays a critical role in recognition of its target epitope by an antibody and suggest that, in this type of drug-induced immunologic injury, the primary reaction involves binding of the drug to antibody CDRs, causing it to acquire specificity for a site on a platelet integrin.
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Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C. TLR7- and TLR9-responsive human B cells share phenotypic and genetic characteristics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3035-44. [PMID: 25740945 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B cells activated by nucleic acid-sensing TLR7 and TLR9 proliferate and secrete immune globulins. Memory B cells are presumably more responsive due to higher TLR expression levels, but selectivity and differential outcomes remain largely unknown. In this study, peripheral blood human B cells were stimulated by TLR7 or TLR9 ligands, with or without IFN-α, and compared with activators CD40L plus IL-21, to identify differentially responsive cell populations, defined phenotypically and by BCR characteristics. Whereas all activators induced differentiation and Ab secretion, TLR stimulation expanded IgM(+) memory and plasma cell lineage committed populations, and favored secretion of IgM, unlike CD40L/IL-21, which drove IgM and IgG more evenly. Patterns of proliferation similarly differed, with CD40L/IL-21 inducing proliferation of most memory and naive B cells, in contrast with TLRs that induced robust proliferation in a subset of these cells. On deep sequencing of the IgH locus, TLR-responsive B cells shared patterns of IgHV and IgHJ usage, clustering apart from CD40L/IL-21 and control conditions. TLR activators, but not CD40L/IL-21, similarly promoted increased sharing of CDR3 sequences. TLR-responsive B cells were characterized by more somatic hypermutation, shorter CDR3 segments, and less negative charges. TLR activation also induced long positively charged CDR3 segments, suggestive of autoreactive Abs. Testing this, we found culture supernatants from TLR-stimulated B cells to bind HEp-2 cells, whereas those from CD40L/IL-21-stimulated cells did not. Human B cells possess selective sensitivity to TLR stimulation, with distinctive phenotypic and genetic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Simchoni
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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32
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Abstract
Abstract
This work compiles information on the principles of diagnostic immunochemical methods and the recent advances in this field. It presents an overview of modern techniques for the production of diagnostic antibodies, their modification with the aim of improving their diagnostic potency, the different types of immunochemical detection systems, and the increasing diagnostic applications for human health that include specific disease markers, individualized diagnosis of cancer subtypes, therapeutic and addictive drugs, food residues, and environmental contaminants. A special focus lies in novel developments of immunosensor techniques, promising approaches to miniaturized detection units and the associated microfluidic systems. The trends towards high-throughput systems, multiplexed analysis, and miniaturization of the diagnostic tools are discussed. It is also made evident that progress in the last few years has largely relied on novel chemical approaches.
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Li WW, Guo TZ, Shi X, Czirr E, Stan T, Sahbaie P, Wyss-Coray T, Kingery WS, Clark JD. Autoimmunity contributes to nociceptive sensitization in a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2014; 155:2377-89. [PMID: 25218828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful, disabling, chronic condition whose etiology remains poorly understood. The recent suggestion that immunological mechanisms may underlie CRPS provides an entirely novel framework in which to study the condition and consider new approaches to treatment. Using a murine fracture/cast model of CRPS, we studied the effects of B-cell depletion using anti-CD20 antibodies or by performing experiments in genetically B-cell-deficient (μMT) mice. We observed that mice treated with anti-CD20 developed attenuated vascular and nociceptive CRPS-like changes after tibial fracture and 3 weeks of cast immobilization. In mice with established CRPS-like changes, the depletion of CD-20+ cells slowly reversed nociceptive sensitization. Correspondingly, μMT mice, deficient in producing immunoglobulin M (IgM), failed to fully develop CRPS-like changes after fracture and casting. Depletion of CD20+ cells had no detectable effects on nociceptive sensitization in a model of postoperative incisional pain, however. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that CD20+ cells accumulate near the healing fracture but few such cells collect in skin or sciatic nerves. On the other hand, IgM-containing immune complexes were deposited in skin and sciatic nerve after fracture in wild-type, but not in μMT fracture/cast, mice. Additional experiments demonstrated that complement system activation and deposition of membrane attack complexes were partially blocked by anti-CD20+ treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that CD20-positive B cells produce antibodies that ultimately support the CRPS-like changes in the murine fracture/cast model. Therapies directed at reducing B-cell activity may be of use in treating patients with CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Li
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tian-Zhi Guo
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyou Shi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eva Czirr
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Trisha Stan
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wade S Kingery
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Alvarez-Castelao B, Gorostidi A, Ruíz-Martínez J, López de Munain A, Castaño JG. Epitope Mapping of Antibodies to Alpha-Synuclein in LRRK2 Mutation Carriers, Idiopathic Parkinson Disease Patients, and Healthy Controls. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:169. [PMID: 25076905 PMCID: PMC4097207 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (Snca) plays a major role in Parkinson disease (PD). Circulating anti-Snca antibodies has been described in PD patients and healthy controls, but they have been poorly characterized. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of anti-Snca reactivity in human subjects carrying the LRRK2 mutation, idiopathic PD (iPD) patients, and healthy controls and to map the epitopes of the anti-Snca antibodies. Antibodies to Snca were detected by ELISA and immunoblotting using purified recombinant Snca in plasma from individuals carrying LRRK2 mutations (104), iPD patients (59), and healthy controls (83). Epitopes of antibodies were mapped using recombinant protein constructs comprising different regions of Snca. Clear positive anti-Snca reactivity showed no correlation with age, sex, years of evolution, or the disability scores for PD patients and anti-Snca reactivity was not prevalent in human patients with other neurological or autoimmune diseases. Thirteen of the positive individuals were carriers of LRRK2 mutations either non-manifesting (8 out 49 screened) or manifesting (5 positive out 55), three positive (out of 59) were iPD patients, and five positive (out of 83) were healthy controls. Epitope mapping showed that antibodies against the N-terminal (a.a. 1–60) or C-terminal (a.a. 109–140) regions of Snca predominate in LRRK2 mutation carriers and iPD patients, being N122 a critical amino acid for recognition by the anti-C-terminal directed antibodies. Anti-Snca circulating antibodies seem to cluster within families carrying the LRRK2 mutation indicating possible genetic or common environmental factors in the generation of anti-Snca antibodies. These results suggest that case-controls’ studies are insufficient and further studies in family cohorts of patients and healthy controls should be undertaken, to progress in the understanding of the possible relationship of anti-Snca antibodies and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alvarez-Castelao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Javier Ruíz-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - José G Castaño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain
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35
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Natural Autoantibodies to Fcγ Receptors in Intravenous Immunoglobulins. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S4-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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36
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Alghasham A, Rasheed Z. Therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis: Progress and promises. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:77-94. [PMID: 24437572 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.873413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advancements in understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have highlighted the strategies that aim to inhibit the harmful effects of up-regulated cytokines or other inflammatory mediators and to inhibit their associated signaling events. The utility of cytokine as therapeutic targets in RA has been unequivocally demonstrated by the success of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade in clinical practice. Partial and non-responses to TNF-α blocking agents, however, together with the increasing clinical drive to remission induction, requires that further therapeutic targets be identified. Numerous proinflammatory mediators with their associated cell signaling events have now been demonstrated in RA, including interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-12 superfamilies. Continued efforts are ongoing to target IL-6, IL-15 and IL-17 in clinical trials with promising data emerging. In the present review, we focus on IL-7, IL-18, IL-32 and IL-10 family of cytokines (IL-19, IL-20 and IL-22) as they are implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which could be targeted and offer new therapeutic options for RA therapy. Recent evidences also suggest that multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), several adipokines and various components of immune system play a critical role in the pathophysiology of RA; therefore we have also highlighted them as therapeutic targets for RA therapy. Components of subcellular pathways, involve in nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway have also been discussed and offer several novel potential therapeutic opportunities for RA.
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Autoantibodies recognizing the amino terminal 1-17 segment of CENP-A display unique specificities in systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61453. [PMID: 23613856 PMCID: PMC3632547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein A (CENP-A), a common autoimmune target in a subset of systemic sclerosis patients, appears to have no role to explain why its corresponding auto-antibodies are more frequently found in the limited than the diffuse form of systemic sclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the fine specificity of anti-CENP-A antibodies as a first step to understanding their role in systemic sclerosis pathology. We focused on the amino-terminal portion of CENP-A spanning amino acids 1 to 17 (Ap(1-17)), which represents, along with Ap(17-30), an immunodominant epitope of the protein. Peptide Ap(1-17) was used to purify antibodies from 8 patients with systemic sclerosis. Anti-Ap(1-17) antibodies specifically reacted with human CENP-A but did not cross-react with CENP-B or Ap(17-30). Panning of a phage display peptide library with anti-Ap(1-17) antibodies from 2 patients identified two novel, partially overlapping motifs, <(5)Rx(st)xKP(10)> and <(9)KPxxPxR(15)> as the result of the alignment of specific phage clone insert sequences. Anti-Ap(1-17) IgG from the 8 patients had different reactivities to isolated phage clone insert sequences. Scanning the Swiss-Prot database revealed a large number of different types of proteins containing the two Ap(1-17) antigenic motifs. These data show that anti-CENP-A(1-17) antibodies are generated independently from anti-CENP-B antibodies and display great heterogeneity in their specificity by recognizing different motifs within that peptide sequence. This finding, along with the widespread interspecies and human tissue distribution of the two motifs, suggests that the number of motif-expressing proteins which can be the potential target of these antibodies is markedly higher than that estimated from the peptide-based epitope spreading model.
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