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Yu S, Zhang Z, Qin Z, Liu M, Zhao X, Cheng Y, Xue P, Wang X, Chen L, Wu Q, Ju L, Tang J. Prenatal diesel exhaust exposure alters hippocampal synaptic plasticity in offspring. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4348-4362. [PMID: 38431308 PMCID: PMC10968710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are major air pollutants emitted from automobile engines. Prenatal exposure to DEPs has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. However, the specific mechanism by DEPs impair the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the offspring remains unclear. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were administered DEPs solution via the tail vein every other day for a total of 10 injections, then the male offsprings were studied to assess learning and memory by the Morris water maze. Additionally, protein expression in the hippocampus, including CPEB3, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, NR2B), PKA, SYP, PSD95, and p-CREB was analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The alterations in the histomorphology of the hippocampus were observed in male offspring on postnatal day 7 following prenatal exposure to DEPs. Furthermore, 8-week-old male offspring exposed to DEPs during prenatal development exhibited impairments in the Morris water maze test, indicating deficits in learning and memory. Mechanistically, the findings from our study indicate that exposure to DEPs during pregnancy may alter the expression of CPEB3, SYP, PSD95, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), PKA, and p-CREB in the hippocampus of both immature and mature male offspring. The results offer evidence for the role of the NMDAR/PKA/CREB and CPEB3 signaling pathway in mediating the learning and memory toxicity of DEPs in male offspring mice. The alterations in signaling pathways may contribute to the observed damage to synaptic structure and transmission function plasticity caused by DEPs. The findings hold potential for informing future safety assessments of DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Hermosillo-Abundis C, Angulo-Molina A, Méndez-Rojas MA. Erythrocyte Vulnerability to Airborne Nanopollutants. TOXICS 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 38276727 PMCID: PMC10818893 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The toxicological impact of airborne polluting ultrafine particles (UFPs, also classified as nanoparticles with average sizes of less than 100 nm) is an emerging area of research pursuing a better understanding of the health hazards they pose to humans and other organisms. Hemolytic activity is a toxicity parameter that can be assessed quickly and easily to establish part of a nanoparticle's behavior once it reaches our circulatory system. However, it is exceedingly difficult to determine to what extent each of the nanoparticles present in the air is responsible for the detrimental effects exhibited. At the same time, current hemolytic assessment methodologies pose a series of limitations for the interpretation of results. An alternative is to synthesize nanoparticles that model selected typical types of UFPs in air pollution and evaluate their individual contributions to adverse health effects under a clinical assay of osmotic fragility. Here, we discuss evidence pointing out that the absence of hemolysis is not always a synonym for safety; exposure to model nanopollutants, even at low concentrations, is enough to increase erythrocyte susceptibility and dysfunction. A modified osmotic fragility assay in combination with a morphological inspection of the nanopollutant-erythrocyte interaction allows a richer interpretation of the exposure outcomes. Membrane-nanoparticle interplay has a leading role in the vulnerability observed. Therefore, future research in this line of work should pay special attention to the evaluation of the mechanisms that cause membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hermosillo-Abundis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andres Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico;
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas
- Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andres Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico;
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3
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Otelea MR, Oancea C, Reisz D, Vaida MA, Maftei A, Popescu FG. Club Cells-A Guardian against Occupational Hazards. Biomedicines 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 38255185 PMCID: PMC10813369 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Club cells have a distinct role in the epithelial repair and defense mechanisms of the lung. After exposure to environmental pollutants, during chronic exposure, the secretion of club cells secretory protein (CCSP) decreases. Exposure to occupational hazards certainly has a role in a large number of interstitial lung diseases. According to the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society, around 40% of the all interstitial lung disease is attributed to occupational hazards. Some of them are very well characterized (pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis), whereas others are consequences of acute exposure (e.g., paraquat) or persistent exposure (e.g., isocyanate). The category of vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) has been proven to produce subclinical modifications. The inflammation and altered repair process resulting from the exposure to occupational respiratory hazards create vicious loops of cooperation between epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, innate defense mechanisms, and immune cells. The secretions of club cells modulate the communication between macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts mitigating the inflammation and/or reducing the fibrotic process. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which club cells contribute to the development of interstitial lung diseases and the potential role for club cells as biomarkers for occupational-related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Corina Oancea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Reisz
- Department of Neurology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Monica Adriana Vaida
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Andreea Maftei
- Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florina Georgeta Popescu
- Department of Occupational Health, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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4
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Xu L, Li Y, Ma W, Sun X, Fan R, Jin Y, Chen N, Zhu X, Guo H, Zhao K, Luo J, Li C, Zheng Y, Yu D. Diesel exhaust particles exposure induces liver dysfunction: Exploring predictive potential of human circulating microRNAs signature relevant to liver injury risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132060. [PMID: 37454487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) pollution should be taken seriously because it is an extensive environmental and occupational health concern. Exploring early effect biomarkers is crucial for monitoring and managing DEP-associated health risk assessment. Here, we found that serum levels of 67 miRNAs were dysregulated in DEP exposure group. Notably, 20 miRNAs were identified as each having a significant dose-response relationship with the internal exposure level of DEP. Further, we revealed that the DEP exposure could affect the liver function of subjects and that 7 miRNAs (including the well-known liver injury indicator, miR-122-5p) could serve as the novel epigenetic-biomarkers (epi-biomarkers) to reflect the liver-specific response to the DEP exposure. Importantly, an unprecedented prediction model using these 7 miRNAs was established for the assessment of DEP-induced liver injury risk. Finally, bioinformatic analysis indicated that the unique set of miRNA panel in serum might also contribute to the molecular mechanism of DEP exposure-induced liver damage. These results broaden our understanding of the adverse health outcomes of DEP exposure. Noteworthy, we believe this study could shed light on roles and functions of epigenetic biomarkers from environmental exposure to health outcomes by revealing the full chain of exposure-miRNAs-molecular pathways-disease evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Guo
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Mosaddeghi Amini P, Subbotina J, Lobaskin V. Milk Protein Adsorption on Metallic Iron Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1857. [PMID: 37368287 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Food processing and consumption involves multiple contacts between biological fluids and solid materials of processing devices, of which steel is one of the most common. Due to the complexity of these interactions, it is difficult to identify the main control factors in the formation of undesirable deposits on the device surfaces that may affect safety and efficiency of the processes. Mechanistic understanding of biomolecule-metal interactions involving food proteins could improve management of these pertinent industrial processes and consumer safety in the food industry and beyond. In this work, we perform a multiscale study of the formation of protein corona on iron surfaces and nanoparticles in contact with cow milk proteins. By calculating the binding energies of proteins with the substrate, we quantify the adsorption strength and rank proteins by the adsorption affinity. We use a multiscale method involving all-atom and coarse-grained simulations based on generated ab initio three-dimensional structures of milk proteins for this purpose. Finally, using the adsorption energy results, we predict the composition of protein corona on iron curved and flat surfaces via a competitive adsorption model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Subbotina
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Jami MS, Murata H, Barnhill LM, Li S, Bronstein JM. Diesel exhaust exposure alters the expression of networks implicated in neurodegeneration in zebrafish brains. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:641-655. [PMID: 34057650 PMCID: PMC10406705 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability in the world, but their etiologies largely remain elusive. Genetic factors can only account for a minority of risk for most of these disorders, suggesting environmental factors play a significant role in the development of these diseases. Prolonged exposure to air pollution has recently been identified to increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, but the molecular mechanisms by which it acts are not well understood. Zebrafish embryos exposed to diesel exhaust particle extract (DEPe) lead to dysfunctional autophagy and neuronal loss. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to DEPe and performed high throughput proteomic and transcriptomic expression analyses from their brains to identify pathogenic pathways induced by air pollution. DEPe treatment altered several biological processes and signaling pathways relevant to neurodegenerative processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, phagosome maturation, and amyloid processing. The biggest induction of gene expression in brains was in Cyp1A (over 30-fold). The relevance of this expression change was confirmed by blocking induction using CRISPR/Cas9, which resulted in a dramatic increase in sensitivity to DEPe toxicity, confirming that Cyp1A induction was a compensatory protective mechanism. These studies identified disrupted molecular pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Ultimately, determining the molecular basis of how air pollution increases the risk of neurodegeneration will help in the development of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saeid Jami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hiromi Murata
- Molecular Toxicology IDP, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Barnhill
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Toxicology IDP, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Toxicology IDP, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Song J, Han K, Wang Y, Qu R, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang Y, An Z, Li J, Wu H, Wu W. Microglial Activation and Oxidative Stress in PM2.5-Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081482. [PMID: 36009201 PMCID: PMC9404971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remains a prominent environmental problem worldwide, posing great threats to human health. The adverse effects of PM2.5 on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems have been extensively studied, while its detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS), specifically neurodegenerative disorders, are less investigated. Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by reduced neurogenesis, activated microglia, and neuroinflammation. A variety of studies involving postmortem examinations, epidemiological investigations, animal experiments, and in vitro cell models have shown that PM2.5 exposure results in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately neurodegenerative disorders, which are strongly associated with the activation of microglia. Microglia are the major innate immune cells of the brain, surveilling and maintaining the homeostasis of CNS. Upon activation by environmental and endogenous insults, such as PM exposure, microglia can enter an overactivated state that is featured by amoeboid morphology, the over-production of reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory mediators. This review summarizes the evidence of microglial activation and oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders following PM2.5 exposure. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced microglial activation and neurodegenerative disorders are discussed. This knowledge provides certain clues for the development of therapies that may slow or halt the progression of neurodegenerative disorders induced by ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Keyang Han
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Ya Wang
- Nursing School, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang 212028, China;
| | - Rongrong Qu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Shaolan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Yinbiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (J.S.); (K.H.); (R.Q.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Gren L, Dierschke K, Mattsson F, Assarsson E, Krais AM, Kåredal M, Lovén K, Löndahl J, Pagels J, Strandberg B, Tunér M, Xu Y, Wollmer P, Albin M, Nielsen J, Gudmundsson A, Wierzbicka A. Lung function and self-rated symptoms in healthy volunteers after exposure to hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust with and without particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35073958 PMCID: PMC8785558 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel engine exhaust causes adverse health effects. Meanwhile, the impact of renewable diesel exhaust, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), on human health is less known. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to HVO exhaust for 3 h in a chamber with a double-blind, randomized setup. Exposure scenarios comprised of HVO exhaust from two modern non-road vehicles with 1) no aftertreatment system (‘HVOPM+NOx’ PM1: 93 µg m−3, EC: 54 µg m−3, NO: 3.4 ppm, NO2: 0.6 ppm), 2) an aftertreatment system containing a diesel oxidation catalyst and a diesel particulate filter (‘HVONOx’ PM1: ~ 1 µg m−3, NO: 2.0 ppm, NO2: 0.7 ppm) and 3) filtered air (FA) as control. The exposure concentrations were in line with current EU occupational exposure limits (OELs) of NO, NO2, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the future OEL (2023) of elemental carbon (EC). The effect on nasal patency, pulmonary function, and self-rated symptoms were assessed. Calculated predicted lung deposition of HVO exhaust particles was compared to data from an earlier diesel exhaust study. Results The average total respiratory tract deposition of PM1 during HVOPM+NOx was 27 µg h−1. The estimated deposition fraction of HVO PM1 was 40–50% higher compared to diesel exhaust PM1 from an older vehicle (earlier study), due to smaller particle sizes of the HVOPM+NOx exhaust. Compared to FA, exposure to HVOPM+NOx and HVONOx caused higher incidence of self-reported symptoms (78%, 63%, respectively, vs. 28% for FA, p < 0.03). Especially, exposure to HVOPM+NOx showed 40–50% higher eye and throat irritation symptoms. Compared to FA, a decrement in nasal patency was found for the HVONOx exposures (− 18.1, 95% CI: − 27.3 to − 8.8 L min−1, p < 0.001), and for the HVOPM+NOx (− 7.4 (− 15.6 to 0.8) L min−1, p = 0.08). Overall, no clinically significant change was indicated in the pulmonary function tests (spirometry, peak expiratory flow, forced oscillation technique). Conclusion Short-term exposure to HVO exhaust concentrations corresponding to EU OELs for one workday did not cause adverse pulmonary function changes in healthy subjects. However, an increase in self-rated mild irritation symptoms, and mild decrease in nasal patency after both HVO exposures, may indicate irritative effects from exposure to HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles, with and without aftertreatment systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00446-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Dierschke
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Lovén
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Strandberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Tunér
- Division of Combustion Engines, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.,Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörn Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Centre for Healthy Indoor Environments, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Kamase K, Taguchi M, Ikari A, Endo S, Matsunaga T. 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone provokes dysfunction of brain endothelial barrier through down-regulating expression of claudin-5. Toxicology 2021; 461:152896. [PMID: 34391839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particle (DEP) is considered to provoke dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, but the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of five DEP components against human vascular cells and found that, among them, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ), a major tricyclic quinone in DEP, most potently elicits the cellular toxicities. Additionally, treatment with 9,10-PQ at its cytolethal concentrations (more than 2 μM) facilitated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation in human brain microvascular endothelial (HBME) cells, inferring that high concentrations of 9,10-PQ elicit the cell apoptosis through the ROS-dependent mechanism. Measurement of trans-endothelial electrical resistance and paracellular permeability showed that treatment with sublethal concentrations (less than 1 μM) of 9,10-PQ elevates permeability across HBME cell monolayer. Immunofluorescence observation and Western blotting analysis also revealed that the 9,10-PQ treatment remarkably down-regulated the intercellular localization and expression of claudin-5 (CLDN5), a tight junctional protein that plays a key role in function of the blood-brain barrier, and the down-regulation was markedly recovered by pretreatment with a proteasome inhibitor Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO. This result may indicate that sublethal concentrations of 9,10-PQ facilitate the dysfunction of the endothelial cell barrier through lowering in the expression and proteasomal proteolysis of CLDN5. The treatment with 9,10-PQ promoted nitric oxide (NO) production presumably through the induction of inducible NO synthase. In addition, the 9,10-PQ-mediated down-regulation of CLDN5 was ameliorated and deteriorated by pretreating with a scavenger and donor, respectively, of NO. Similarly to the 9,10-PQ treatment, treatment with a donor of peroxynitrite, a highly reactive oxidant formed by the reaction of NO and superoxide anion, resulted in the marked reduction of CLDN5 expression and elevation of 26S proteasome-based proteolytic activities. Thus, it is suggested that the formation of NO and peroxynitrite participates in the mechanism of brain endothelial cell barrier dysfunction elicited by 9,10-PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kamase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Maki Taguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 502-8585, Japan.
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10
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Botto L, Bulbarelli A, Lonati E, Cazzaniga E, Tassotti M, Mena P, Del Rio D, Palestini P. Study of the Antioxidant Effects of Coffee Phenolic Metabolites on C6 Glioma Cells Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081169. [PMID: 34439417 PMCID: PMC8388867 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributing role of environmental factors to the development of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly evident. Here, we report that exposure of C6 glioma cells to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a major constituent of urban air pollution, causes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this scenario, we suggest employing the possible protective role that coffee phenolic metabolites may have. Coffee is a commonly consumed hot beverage and a major contributor to the dietary intake of (poly) phenols. Taking into account physiological concentrations, we analysed the effects of two different coffee phenolic metabolites mixes consisting of compounds derived from bacterial metabolization reactions or phase II conjugations, as well as caffeic acid. The results showed that these mixes were able to counteract DEP-induced oxidative stress. The cellular components mediating the downregulation of ROS included extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Contrary to coffee phenolic metabolites, the treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a known antioxidant, was found to be ineffective in preventing the DEP exposure oxidant effect. These results revealed that coffee phenolic metabolites could be promising candidates to protect against some adverse health effects of daily exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.L.); (E.C.)
- POLARIS Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.L.); (E.C.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.L.); (E.C.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.T.); (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.T.); (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (M.T.); (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (E.L.); (E.C.)
- POLARIS Centre, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Barnhill LM, Khuansuwan S, Juarez D, Murata H, Araujo JA, Bronstein JM. Diesel Exhaust Extract Exposure Induces Neuronal Toxicity by Disrupting Autophagy. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:193-202. [PMID: 32298450 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of neurodegenerative disease cannot be attributed to genetic causes alone and as a result, there is significant interest in identifying environmental modifiers of disease risk. Epidemiological studies have supported an association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and disease risk. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which diesel exhaust, a major component of air pollution, induces neurotoxicity. Using a zebrafish model, we found that exposure to diesel exhaust particulate extract caused behavioral deficits and a significant decrease in neuron number. The neurotoxicity was due, at least in part, to reduced autophagic flux, which is a major pathway implicated in neurodegeneration. This neuron loss occurred alongside an increase in aggregation-prone neuronal protein. Additionally, the neurotoxicity induced by diesel exhaust particulate extract in zebrafish was mitigated by co-treatment with the autophagy-inducing drug nilotinib. This study links environmental exposure to altered proteostasis in an in vivo model system. These results shed light on why long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases neurodegenerative disease risk and open up new avenues for exploring therapies to mitigate environmental exposures and promote neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jesus A Araujo
- Molecular Toxicology IDP.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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12
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In Silico Prediction of Protein Adsorption Energy on Titanium Dioxide and Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101967. [PMID: 33020391 PMCID: PMC7601895 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The free energy of adsorption of proteins onto nanoparticles offers an insight into the biological activity of these particles in the body, but calculating these energies is challenging at the atomistic resolution. In addition, structural information of the proteins may not be readily available. In this work, we demonstrate how information about adsorption affinity of proteins onto nanoparticles can be obtained from first principles with minimum experimental input. We use a multiscale model of protein-nanoparticle interaction to evaluate adsorption energies for a set of 59 human blood serum proteins on gold and titanium dioxide (anatase) nanoparticles of various sizes. For each protein, we compare the results for 3D structures derived from experiments to those predicted computationally from amino acid sequences using the I-TASSER methodology and software. Based on these calculations and 2D and 3D protein descriptors, we develop statistical models for predicting the binding energy of proteins, enabling the rapid characterization of the affinity of nanoparticles to a wide range of proteins.
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13
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Wu WT, Li LA, Tsou TC, Wang SL, Lee HL, Shih TS, Liou SH. Longitudinal follow-up of health effects among workers handling engineered nanomaterials: a panel study. Environ Health 2019; 18:107. [PMID: 31818305 PMCID: PMC6902474 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although no human illness to date is confirmed to be attributed to engineered nanoparticles, occupational epidemiological studies are needed to verify the health effects of nanoparticles. This study used a repeated measures design to explore the potential adverse health effects of workers handling nanomaterials. METHODS Study population was 206 nanomaterial-handling workers and 108 unexposed controls, who were recruited from 14 nanotechnology plants. They were followed up no less than two times in four years. A questionnaire was used to collect potential confounders and detailed work conditions. Control banding was adopted to categorize risk level for each participant as a surrogate marker of exposure. Health hazard markers include cardiopulmonary dysfunction markers, inflammation and oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzymes activity, and genotoxicity markers. The Generalized Estimating Equation model was applied to analyze repeated measurements. RESULTS In comparison to the controls, a significant dose-dependent increase on risk levels for the change of superoxide dismutase (p<0.01) and a significant increase of glutathione peroxidase change in risk level 1 was found for nanomaterial-handling workers. However, the change of cardiovascular dysfunction, lung damages, inflammation, oxidative damages, neurobehavioral and genotoxic markers were not found to be significantly associated with nanomaterials handling in this panel study. CONCLUSIONS This repeated measurement study suggests that there was no evidence of potential adverse health effects under the existing workplace exposure levels among nanomaterials handling workers, except for the increase of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Shih
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety, and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Division of occupational medicine, Division of fanily medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Ehsanifar M, Jafari AJ, Nikzad H, Zavareh MS, Atlasi MA, Mohammadi H, Tameh AA. Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust particles causes anxiety, spatial memory disorders with alters expression of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptor subunits in adult male mice offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:34-41. [PMID: 30921694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution by Diesel exhaust (DE) consists of gaseous compounds and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Previous studies show associations between prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust affects the central nervous system (CNS). However, there was not reported that these effects were caused by gaseous compounds, diesel exhaust particles, or both. A limited number of studies in rodent models have shown that exposure to DEPs can result in CNS. Here, we explored the effects of prenatal exposure to DEPs on anxiety and learning and memory in NMRI mice male offspring. Three groups of pregnant mice were exposed to 350-400 μg DEPs/m3 for 2, 4 and 6 h daily in a closed system room. We examined anxiety and learning and memory in 8-to-9-week-old male offspring using the Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Hippocampi were isolated after the behavioral tests and measured pro-inflammatory cytokines and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Mice exposed to DEPs in utero showed deficits in the Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze test. In addition, DEPs exposed mice exhibited decreased hippocampal NR2A and NR3B expression. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal DEP exposure is associated with anxiety, disrupts learning and memory and reduction hippocampal NR2A and NR3B expression in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ehsanifar
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Atlasi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Ehsanifar M, Tameh AA, Farzadkia M, Kalantari RR, Zavareh MS, Nikzaad H, Jafari AJ. Exposure to nanoscale diesel exhaust particles: Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, anxiety and depression on adult male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:338-347. [PMID: 30391838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoscale diesel engines exhausted particles (DEPs) is a well-recognized risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Rodents as commonly used models for urban air pollution in health effect studies demonstrate constant stimulation of inflammatory responses in the main areas of the brain. Nevertheless, the primary effect of diesel exhaust particulate matter on some of the brain regions and relation by behavioral alterations still remains untouched. We evaluated the brain regional inflammatory responses to a nanosized subfraction of diesel engines exhaust particulate matter (DEPs < 200 nm) in an adult male mice brain. Adult male mice were exposed to DEPs for 3, 6, and 8 h per day, 12 weeks and five days per week. Degree of anxiety and the depression by elevated plus maze and Forced Swimming Test respectively (FST) did measurement. After behavior tests, the plasma and some of the brain regions such as olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus (HI) were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The inflammation and oxidative stress changes in OB and HI, markedly coincides with the results of behavioral alterations. These responses corresponded with rapid induction of MDA and nitrite oxide (NO) in brain regions and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA followed by IL6, IL1α, and TNFα in OB and HI. The different times of DEPs exposure, leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory in plasma and brain regions. That this cumulative transport of inhaled nanoscale DEPs into the brain and creating to inflammation responses of brain regions may cause problems of brain function and anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ehsanifar
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Nikzaad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Could fibrinogen and hsCRP be useful for assessing personal risk in workers exposed to a mixture of ultrafine particles and organic solvents? REV ROMANA MED LAB 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Our study focuses on elucidating if two common inflammatory biomarkers, easily performed in any laboratory - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as well as fibrinogen - could be used to assess the personal health risk of workers exposed to a complex occupational exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and a mixture of organic solvents. Methods: To assess the inflammatory response on the body, laboratory determinations were performed by testing the serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen, in exposed and unexposed groups. Results: There are no statistically significant differences for hsCRPs (p-0.25), medians were similar in groups. The mean values of fibrinogen in the three groups were: in the workers group (1st group): 346.2 mg/dl, in the office staff group (2nd group): 328.7 mg/dl, and in the control group (3rd group): 284.8 mg/dl, with significant differences between 1st group vs 3rd group and between 2nd group vs 3rd group (p-0.002). UFP levels differ between the groups, as follows: 1st group were exposed to the highest levels, ranging from 48349 to 3404000 part/cm3; 2nd group, ranging from 17371 to 40595 part/cm3; and 3rd group, ranging from 213 to 16255 part/cm3. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that fibrinogen is a useful inflammatory biomarker for exposure to a mixture of UFP and organic solvents. On the other hand, hsCRP is not a useful inflammatory biomarker in occupational exposure to UFP and organic solvents. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the extent to which fibrinogen is more or less influenced by organic solvents or UFP alone.
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17
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Zhang Y, Gu AZ, Cen T, Li X, Li D, Chen J. Petrol and diesel exhaust particles accelerate the horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:280-287. [PMID: 29524923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Particles exhausted from petrol and diesel consumptions are major components of urban air pollution that can be exposed to human via direct inhalation or other routes due to atmospheric deposition into water and soil. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to modern health care. However, how the petrol and diesel exhaust particles affect the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in various environments remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of four representative petrol and diesel exhaust particles, namely 97 octane petrol, 93 octane petrol, light diesel oil, and marine heavy diesel oil, on the horizontal transfer of ARGs between two opportunistic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, E. coli S17-1 (donor) and E. coli K12 (recipient). The results demonstrated that these four representative types of nano-scale particles induced concentration-dependent increases in conjugative transfer rates compared with the controls. The underlying mechanisms involved in the accelerated transfer of ARGs were also identified, including the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent induction of oxidative stress, SOS response, changes in cell morphology, and the altered mRNA expression of membrane protein genes and those involved in the promotion of conjugative transfer. The findings provide new evidences and mechanistic insights into the antimicrobial resistance risks posed by petrol and diesel exhaust particles, and highlight the implications and need for stringent strategies on alternative fuels to mitigate air pollution and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Tianyu Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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Matsunaga T, Kamase K, Takasawa H, Yamaji Y, Endo S, El-Kabbani O, Ikari A. Facilitation of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone-elicited neuroblastoma cell apoptosis by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Jayaraj RL, Rodriguez EA, Wang Y, Block ML. Outdoor Ambient Air Pollution and Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Neuroinflammation Hypothesis. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:166-179. [PMID: 28444645 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accumulating research indicates that ambient outdoor air pollution impacts the brain and may affect neurodegenerative diseases, yet the potential underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. RECENT FINDINGS The neuroinflammation hypothesis holds that elevation of cytokines and reactive oxygen species in the brain mediates the deleterious effects of urban air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS). Studies in human and animal research document that neuroinflammation occurs in response to several inhaled pollutants. Microglia are a prominent source of cytokines and reactive oxygen species in the brain, implicated in the progressive neuron damage in diverse neurodegenerative diseases, and activated by inhaled components of urban air pollution through both direct and indirect pathways. The MAC1-NOX2 pathway has been identified as a mechanism through which microglia respond to different forms of air pollution, suggesting a potential common deleterious pathway. Multiple direct and indirect pathways in response to air pollution exposure likely interact in concert to exert CNS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Jayaraj
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eric A Rodriguez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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20
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Engineered Nanomaterials and Occupational Allergy. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0351-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Dubes V, Parpaite T, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Mornet S, Reinhardt N, Baudrimont I, Dubois M, Freund-Michel V, Marthan R, Muller B, Savineau JP, Courtois A. Calcium signalling induced by in vitro exposure to silicium dioxide nanoparticles in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Toxicology 2016; 375:37-47. [PMID: 27939335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and use of nanomaterials, especially engineered nanoparticles (NP), is expected to provide many benefits. But at the same time the development of such materials is also feared because of their potential human health risks. Indeed, NP display some characteristics similar to ultrafine environmental particles which are known to exert deleterious cardiovascular effects including pro-hypertensive ones. In this context, the effect of NP on calcium signalling, whose deregulation is often involved in hypertensive diseases, remain poorly described. We thus assessed the effect of SiO2 NP on calcium signalling by fluorescence imaging and on the proliferation response in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). In PASMC, acute exposure to SiO2 NP, from 1 to 500μg/mL, produced an increase of the [Ca2+]i. In addition, when PASMC were exposed to NP at 200μg/mL, a proliferative response was observed. This calcium increase was even greater in PASMC isolated from rats suffering from pulmonary hypertension. The absence of extracellular calcium, addition of diltiazem or nicardipine (L-type voltage-operated calcium channel inhibitors both used at 10μM), and addition of capsazepine or HC067047 (TRPV1 and TRPV4 inhibitors used at 10μM and 5μM, respectively) significantly reduced this response. Moreover, this response was also inhibited by thapsigargin (SERCA inhibitor, 1μM), ryanodine (100μM) and dantrolene (ryanodine receptor antagonists, 10μM) but not by xestospongin C (IP3 receptor antagonist, 10μM). Thus, NP induce an intracellular calcium rise in rat PASMC originating from both extracellular and intracellular calcium sources. This study also provides evidence for the implication of TRPV channels in NP induced calcium rise that may highlight the role of these channels in the deleterious cardiovascular effects of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dubes
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, 87 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Nora Reinhardt
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, 87 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Isabelle Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Mathilde Dubois
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Véronique Freund-Michel
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Roger Marthan
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Avenue de Magellan, Pessac, F-33076, France.
| | - Bernard Muller
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Arnaud Courtois
- Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Inserm U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Centre AntiPoison et de Toxicovigilance d'Aquitaine et de Poitou Charente, Place Amélie Raba Léon, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
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Chen R, Hu B, Liu Y, Xu J, Yang G, Xu D, Chen C. Beyond PM2.5: The role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2844-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mumaw CL, Surace M, Levesque S, Kodavanti UP, Kodavanti PRS, Royland JE, Block ML. Atypical microglial response to biodiesel exhaust in healthy and hypertensive rats. Neurotoxicology 2016; 59:155-163. [PMID: 27777102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a deleterious role for urban air pollution in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells and sentinels in the brain, are a common source of neuroinflammation and are implicated in air pollution-induced CNS effects. While renewable energy, such as soy-based biofuel, is of increasing public interest, there is little information on how soy biofuel may affect the brain, especially in people with preexisting disease conditions. To address this, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to 100% Soy-based Biodiesel Exhaust (100SBDE; 0, 50, 150 and 500μg/m3) by inhalation, 4h/day for 4 weeks (5 days/week). Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) staining of microglia in the substantia nigra revealed significant changes in morphology with 100SBDE exposure in rats from both genotypes, where SHR were less sensitive. Aconitase activity was inhibited in the frontal cortex and cerebellum of WKY rats exposed to 100SBDE. No consistent changes occurred in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, nitrated protein, or arginase1 expression in brain regions from either rat strain exposed to 100SBDE. However, while IBA-1 mRNA expression was not modified, CX3CR1 mRNA expression was lower in the striatum of 100SBDE exposed rats regardless of genotype, suggesting a downregulation of the fractalkine receptor on microglia in this brain region. Together, these data indicate that while microglia are detecting and responding to 100SBDE exposure with changes in morphology, there is reduced expression of CX3CR1 regardless of genetic background and the activation response is atypical without traditional inflammatory markers of M1 or M2 activation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen L Mumaw
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Surace
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shannon Levesque
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Joyce E Royland
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Steiner S, Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Diesel exhaust: current knowledge of adverse effects and underlying cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1541-53. [PMID: 27165416 PMCID: PMC4894930 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diesel engine emissions are among the most prevalent anthropogenic pollutants worldwide, and with the growing popularity of diesel-fueled engines in the private transportation sector, they are becoming increasingly widespread in densely populated urban regions. However, a large number of toxicological studies clearly show that diesel engine emissions profoundly affect human health. Thus the interest in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects is large, especially concerning the nature of the components of diesel exhaust responsible for the effects and how they could be eliminated from the exhaust. This review describes the fundamental properties of diesel exhaust as well as the human respiratory tract and concludes that adverse health effects of diesel exhaust not only emerge from its chemical composition, but also from the interplay between its physical properties, the physiological and cellular properties, and function of the human respiratory tract. Furthermore, the primary molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by diesel exhaust exposure, as well as the fundamentals of the methods for toxicological testing of diesel exhaust toxicity, are described. The key aspects of adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust exposure described herein will be important for regulators to support or ban certain technologies or to legitimate incentives for the development of promising new technologies such as catalytic diesel particle filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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25
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Involvement of MEK-ERK1-2 pathway in the anti-oxidant response in C6 glioma cells after diesel exhaust particles exposure. Toxicol Lett 2016; 250-251:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Liou SH, Tsai CSJ, Pelclova D, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Schulte PA. Assessing the first wave of epidemiological studies of nanomaterial workers. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:413. [PMID: 26635494 PMCID: PMC4666542 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The results of early animal studies of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and air pollution epidemiology suggest that it is important to assess the health of ENM workers. Initial epidemiological studies of workers' exposure to ENMs (<100 nm) are reviewed and characterized for their study designs, findings, and limitations. Of the 15 studies, 11 were cross-sectional, 4 were longitudinal (1 was both cross-sectional and longitudinal in design), and 1 was a descriptive pilot study. Generally, the studies used biologic markers as the dependent variables. All 11 cross-sectional studies showed a positive relationship between various biomarkers and ENM exposures. Three of the four longitudinal studies showed a negative relationship; the fourth showed positive findings after a 1-year follow-up. Each study considered exposure to ENMs as the independent variable. Exposure was assessed by mass concentration in 10 studies and by particle count in six studies. Six of them assessed both mass and particle concentrations. Some of the studies had limited exposure data because of inadequate exposure assessment. Generally, exposure levels were not very high in comparison to those in human inhalation chamber studies, but there were some exceptions. Most studies involved a small sample size, from 2 to 258 exposed workers. These studies represent the first wave of epidemiological studies of ENM workers. They are limited by small numbers of participants, inconsistent (and in some cases inadequate) exposure assessments, generally low exposures, and short intervals between exposure and effect. Still, these studies are a foundation for future work; they provide insight into where ENM workers are experiencing potentially adverse effects that might be related to ENM exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saou-Hsing Liou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica, and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Candace S. J. Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Discovery Park, IN, USA
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Paul A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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27
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Durga M, Devasena T, Rajasekar A. Determination of LC50 and sub-chronic neurotoxicity of diesel exhaust nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:615-625. [PMID: 26363131 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major problem faced globally and is seen associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders like neuropathology and neuro-inflammation. Here, we investigated the CNS disorders as a result of sub-chronic exposure (90 days) to diesel exhaust nanoparticles (DENPs) and explored the minimal levels of DENPs needed to exhibit the early mediators of neuro-inflammation and neuropathology. Male and female wistar rats (6 rats per group) were exposed to DENPs (1/5th, 1/10th and 1/15th LC50) by inhalation for 4h per day, 5 days per week over 90 days and neurotoxicity end-points were analyzed. DENP exposure caused elevation in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, amyloid beta 42 (Aβ 42), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)) and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP) at varying degrees at different sections of rat brain. Hence, exposure to DENPs resulted in dose-dependent toxicity and was closely correlated to increased inflammation, DNA damage and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durga
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - T Devasena
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - A Rajasekar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India
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Yokota S, Sato A, Umezawa M, Oshio S, Takeda K. In utero exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles affects spatial learning and memory with reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression in the hippocampus of male offspring. Neurotoxicology 2015; 50:108-15. [PMID: 26291742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust consists of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and gaseous compounds. Previous studies reported that in utero exposure to diesel exhaust affects the central nervous system. However, there was no clear evidence that these effects were caused by diesel exhaust particles themselves, gaseous compounds, or both. Here, we explored the effects of in utero exposure to DEPs on learning and memory in male ICR mice. DEP solutions were administered subcutaneously to pregnant ICR mice at a dose of 0 or 200 μg/kg body weight on gestation days 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18. We examined learning and memory in 9-to-10-week-old male offspring using the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Immediately after the behavioral tests, hippocampi were isolated. Hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) expression was also measured by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Mice exposed to DEPs in utero showed deficits in the Morris water maze test, but their performance was not significantly different from that of control mice in the passive avoidance test. In addition, DEP-exposed mice exhibited decreased hippocampal NR2A expression. The present results indicate that maternal DEP exposure disrupts learning and memory in male offspring, which is associated with reduced hippocampal NR2A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokota
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Hygiene Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-3 Misumido, Tomita, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Akira Sato
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Oshio
- Department of Hygiene Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-3 Misumido, Tomita, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Asian dust particles induce macrophage inflammatory responses via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:856154. [PMID: 24987712 PMCID: PMC4058895 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian dust is a springtime meteorological phenomenon that originates in the deserts of China and Mongolia. The dust is carried by prevailing winds across East Asia where it causes serious health problems. Most of the information available on the impact of Asian dust on human health is based on epidemiological investigations, so from a biological standpoint little is known of its effects. To clarify the effects of Asian dust on human health, it is essential to assess inflammatory responses to the dust and to evaluate the involvement of these responses in the pathogenesis or aggravation of disease. Here, we investigated the induction of inflammatory responses by Asian dust particles in macrophages. Treatment with Asian dust particles induced greater production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with treatment with soil dust. Furthermore, a soil dust sample containing only particles ≤10 μm in diameter provoked a greater inflammatory response than soil dust samples containing particles >10 μm. In addition, Asian dust particles-induced TNF-α production was dependent on endocytosis, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Together, these results suggest that Asian dust particles induce inflammatory disease through the activation of macrophages.
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30
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LIAO HY, CHUNG YT, LAI CH, LIN MH, LIOU SH. Sneezing and allergic dermatitis were increased in engineered nanomaterial handling workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2014; 52:199-215. [PMID: 24492762 PMCID: PMC4209579 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the work-relatedness of symptoms and diseases among engineered nanomaterials handling workers by questionnaire. A total of 258 exposed workers and 200 comparison workers were recruited from 14 nanomaterials handling factories in Taiwan. In addition to current disease status (prevalence), we classified the diseases worsened by employment (worsened by work). The control banding nanotool risk level matrix was adopted to categorize the severity and probability of nanomaterial exposure. The work-relatedness of symptoms was also self-reported in the questionnaire. The only symptom identified as significantly work-related was sneezing (5.88% in risk level 2 and 7.91% in risk level 1 vs. 2.00% in controls, p=0.04). The prevalences of work-related dry cough (p=0.06) and productive cough (p=0.09) in nanomaterials handling workers were also higher than those in controls. The only disease significantly worsened by work was allergic dermatitis (4.20% in risk level 2, 0% in risk level 1 vs. 0.50% in control, p=0.01). The incidence of angina in nanoworkers was also higher than in controls (p=0.06). In addition to allergic diseases, cardiopulmonary symptoms such as cough and angina may be used as screening tools for medical surveillance of people handling engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi LIAO
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine,
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Teh CHUNG
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine,
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huang LAI
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical
Center, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu LIN
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of
Labor Affairs, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing LIOU
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine,
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical
Center, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health,
China Medical University and Hospital, Taiwan
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31
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Chang X, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Tang M, Wang B. Effects of Th1 and Th2 cells balance in pulmonary injury induced by nano titanium dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:275-283. [PMID: 24378593 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms linking nano TiO₂ and pulmonary injury, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed by intra-tracheal instillation to nano TiO₂ with the individual doses of 0.5, 4.0 and 32 mg/kgb.w., micro TiO₂ with 32 mg/kgb.w. and 0.9% NaCl, respectively. The exposure was conducted twice a week, for four consecutive weeks. The results of lung histology demonstrated increased macrophages accumulation, extensive disruption of alveolar septa, slight alveolar thickness and expansion hyperemia. Mitochondria tumefaction organelles dissolution, endoplasmic reticulum expansion and the gap of nuclear broadening were shown. The changes of IFN-γ and IL-4 level showed no statistical difference. The mRNA expression of GATA-3 was up-regulated, whereas T-bet was significantly down-regulated. The protein expression of T-bet decreased and there were significant differences in nano 4 and 32 mg/kg groups. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines might be one of the mechanisms of immunotoxicity of respiratory system induced by nano TiO₂ particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yanyun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering; Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Liao HY, Chung YT, Lai CH, Wang SL, Chiang HC, Li LA, Tsou TC, Li WF, Lee HL, Wu WT, Lin MH, Hsu JH, Ho JJ, Chen CJ, Shih TS, Lin CC, Liou SH. Six-month follow-up study of health markers of nanomaterials among workers handling engineered nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:100-10. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.858793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Liao
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Yu-Teh Chung
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Wan-Fen Li
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, and
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Ming-Hsiu Lin
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Huei Hsu
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiune-Jye Ho
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Jong Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Shih
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Lin
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Angelovič M, Tkač Z, Angelovič M. Oilseed rape as feedstock for biodiesel production in relation to the environment and human health. POTRAVINARSTVO 2013. [DOI: 10.5219/278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape is one of the most important crops in cultivation process. A current developmental trend in non-food rapeseed production on agricultural land shows that this new course is irreversible and is a great opportunity for agriculture. Non-food rapeseed production is focused on the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel has good environmental properties. Lower emissions are produced by the combustion of biodiesel than for diesel. In content of exhaust gas is observed a significant decrease of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulate matter and etc. The analysis of the literary knowledge on impacts of biodiesel on exhaust emissions, on regulated emissions, shows a reduction of 10.1% for particulate matter, of 21.1% for hydrocarbons, and 11.0% for carbon monoxide with the use of B20. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) increased by 2.0%. Biodiesel was introduced into the European market in the 1988s as B100. The use of blends with content up to 5% biodiesel has no significant impact on the emissions and their toxicity. An increased mutagenicity was observed with blends containing 20%. Nevertheless, increased mutagenic effects were observed under specific conditions. Accordingly, the problem concerning blends of diesel fuel with biodiesel (B20) should be investigated with high priority. No comprehensive risk assessment for diesel engine emissions from biodiesel and its blends is possible In regard to a comprehensive hazard characterization it is urged to develop a panel of standardized and internationally accepted protocols which allow a reliable assessment of possible health hazards which may arise from the combustion of new fuels compared to conventional diesel fuel. These methods should be robust and should reflect the various health hazards associated with diesel engine emissions to supplement data on regulated emissions. Methods for the generation of the exhaust and sample preparation should be harmonized. There is sufficient evidence supporting a causal relationship between diesel engine emissions and acute health effects, as are childhood asthma, non-asthma respiratory symptoms, impaired lung function, total and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity. Although, diesel engine emissions exposures in developed countries changed strongly during recent years, reliable animal experiments or epidemiological studies concerning the use of new fuels and technologies are almost lacking.
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Levesque S, Taetzsch T, Lull ME, Johnson JA, McGraw C, Block ML. The role of MAC1 in diesel exhaust particle-induced microglial activation and loss of dopaminergic neuron function. J Neurochem 2013; 125:756-65. [PMID: 23470120 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing reports support that air pollution causes neuroinflammation and is linked to central nervous system (CNS) disease/damage. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are a major component of urban air pollution, which has been linked to microglial activation and Parkinson's disease-like pathology. To begin to address how DEP may exert CNS effects, microglia and neuron-glia cultures were treated with either nanometer-sized DEP (< 0.22 μM; 50 μg/mL), ultrafine carbon black (ufCB, 50 μg/mL), or DEP extracts (eDEP; from 50 μg/mL DEP), and the effect of microglial activation and dopaminergic (DA) neuron function was assessed. All three treatments showed enhanced ameboid microglia morphology, increased H2 O2 production, and decreased DA uptake. Mechanistic inquiry revealed that the scavenger receptor inhibitor fucoidan blocked DEP internalization in microglia, but failed to alter DEP-induced H2 O2 production in microglia. However, pre-treatment with the MAC1/CD11b inhibitor antibody blocked microglial H2 O2 production in response to DEP. MAC1(-/-) mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures were protected from DEP-induced loss of DA neuron function, as measured by DA uptake. These findings support that DEP may activate microglia through multiple mechanisms, where scavenger receptors regulate internalization of DEP and the MAC1 receptor is mandatory for both DEP-induced microglial H2 O2 production and loss of DA neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Levesque
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Hoelting L, Scheinhardt B, Bondarenko O, Schildknecht S, Kapitza M, Tanavde V, Tan B, Lee QY, Mecking S, Leist M, Kadereit S. A 3-dimensional human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived model to detect developmental neurotoxicity of nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23203475 PMCID: PMC3604581 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to accumulate in organs, cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and have the potential to elicit developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Here, we developed a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived 3-dimensional (3-D) in vitro model that allows for testing of potential developmental neurotoxicants. Early central nervous system PAX6(+) precursor cells were generated from hESCs and differentiated further within 3-D structures. The 3-D model was characterized for neural marker expression revealing robust differentiation toward neuronal precursor cells, and gene expression profiling suggested a predominantly forebrain-like development. Altered neural gene expression due to exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of the known developmental neurotoxicant, methylmercury, indicated that the 3-D model could detect DNT. To test for specific toxicity of NPs, chemically inert polyethylene NPs (PE-NPs) were chosen. They penetrated deep into the 3-D structures and impacted gene expression at non-cytotoxic concentrations. NOTCH pathway genes such as HES5 and NOTCH1 were reduced in expression, as well as downstream neuronal precursor genes such as NEUROD1 and ASCL1. FOXG1, a patterning marker, was also reduced. As loss of function of these genes results in severe nervous system impairments in mice, our data suggest that the 3-D hESC-derived model could be used to test for Nano-DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hoelting
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Cauda EG, Ku BK, Miller AL, Barone TL. Toward Developing a New Occupational Exposure Metric Approach for Characterization of Diesel Aerosols. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2012; 46:1370-1381. [PMID: 26361400 PMCID: PMC4562385 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2012.715781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of diesel-powered equipment in mines makes the exposure to diesel aerosols a serious occupational issue. The exposure metric currently used in U.S. underground noncoal mines is based on the measurement of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration in the air. Recent toxicological evidence suggests that the measurement of mass concentration is not sufficient to correlate ultrafine aerosol exposure with health effects. This urges the evaluation of alternative measurements. In this study, the current exposure metric and two additional metrics, the surface area and the total number concentration, were evaluated by conducting simultaneous measurements of diesel ultrafine aerosols in a laboratory setting. The results showed that the surface area and total number concentration of the particles per unit of mass varied substantially with the engine operating condition. The specific surface area (SSA) and specific number concentration (SNC) normalized with TC varied two and five times, respectively. This implies that miners, whose exposure is measured only as TC, might be exposed to an unknown variable number concentration of diesel particles and commensurate particle surface area. Taken separately, mass, surface area, and number concentration did not completely characterize the aerosols. A comprehensive assessment of diesel aerosol exposure should include all of these elements, but the use of laboratory instruments in underground mines is generally impracticable. The article proposes a new approach to solve this problem. Using SSA and SNC calculated from field-type measurements, the evaluation of additional physical properties can be obtained by using the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele G. Cauda
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mining Safety and Health Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bon Ki Ku
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Arthur L. Miller
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mining Safety and Health Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teresa L. Barone
- Emissions and Catalysts Research Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Honma M, Takahashi T, Asada S, Nakagawa Y, Ikeda A, Yamakage K. In vitro clastogenicity and phototoxicity of fullerene (C60) nanomaterials in mammalian cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:97-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dombu CY, Betbeder D. Airway delivery of peptides and proteins using nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 34:516-25. [PMID: 23046753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of peptides and proteins via the airways is one of the most exciting potential applications of nanomedicine. These macromolecules could be used for many therapeutic applications, however due to their poor stability in physiological medium and difficulties in delivering them across biological barriers, they are very difficult to use in therapy. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising technologies to overcome these limitations, owing mainly to their proven capacity to cross biological barriers and to enter cells in high yields, thus improving delivery of macromolecules. In this review, we summarize the current advances in nanoparticle designed for transmucosal delivery of peptides and proteins. Challenges that must be overcome in order to derive clinical benefits are also discussed.
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Bünger J, Krahl J, Schröder O, Schmidt L, Westphal GA. Potential hazards associated with combustion of bio-derived versus petroleum-derived diesel fuel. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:732-50. [PMID: 22871157 PMCID: PMC3483060 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.710194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fuels from renewable resources have gained worldwide interest due to limited fossil oil sources and the possible reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas. One of these fuels is so called biodiesel produced from vegetable oil by transesterification into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). To get a first insight into changes of health hazards from diesel engine emissions (DEE) by use of biodiesel scientific studies were reviewed which compared the combustion of FAME with common diesel fuel (DF) for legally regulated and non-regulated emissions as well as for toxic effects. A total number of 62 publications on chemical analyses of DEE and 18 toxicological in vitro studies were identified meeting the criteria. In addition, a very small number of human studies and animal experiments were available. In most studies, combustion of biodiesel reduces legally regulated emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. Nitrogen oxides are regularly increased. Among the non-regulated emissions aldehydes are increased, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are lowered. Most biological in vitro assays show a stronger cytotoxicity of biodiesel exhaust and the animal experiments reveal stronger irritant effects. Both findings are possibly caused by the higher content of nitrogen oxides and aldehydes in biodiesel exhaust. The lower content of PAH is reflected by a weaker mutagenicity compared to DF exhaust. However, recent studies show a very low mutagenicity of DF exhaust as well, probably caused by elimination of sulfur in present DF qualities and the use of new technology diesel engines. Combustion of vegetable oil (VO) in common diesel engines causes a strongly enhanced mutagenicity of the exhaust despite nearly unchanged regulated emissions. The newly developed fuel "hydrotreated vegetable oil" (HVO) seems to be promising. HVO has physical and chemical advantages compared to FAME. Preliminary results show lower regulated and non-regulated emissions and a decreased mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
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Smita S, Gupta SK, Bartonova A, Dusinska M, Gutleb AC, Rahman Q. Nanoparticles in the environment: assessment using the causal diagram approach. Environ Health 2012; 11 Suppl 1:S13. [PMID: 22759495 PMCID: PMC3388445 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-s1-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) cause concern for health and safety as their impact on the environment and humans is not known. Relatively few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental effects of exposure to naturally occurring NPs (NNPs) and man-made or engineered NPs (ENPs) that are known to have a wide variety of effects once taken up into an organism. A review of recent knowledge (between 2000-2010) on NP sources, and their behaviour, exposure and effects on the environment and humans was performed. An integrated approach was used to comprise available scientific information within an interdisciplinary logical framework, to identify knowledge gaps and to describe environment and health linkages for NNPs and ENPs. The causal diagram has been developed as a method to handle the complexity of issues on NP safety, from their exposure to the effects on the environment and health. It gives an overview of available scientific information starting with common sources of NPs and their interactions with various environmental processes that may pose threats to both human health and the environment. Effects of NNPs on dust cloud formation and decrease in sunlight intensity were found to be important environmental changes with direct and indirect implication in various human health problems. NNPs and ENPs exposure and their accumulation in biological matrices such as microbiota, plants and humans may result in various adverse effects. The impact of some NPs on human health by ROS generation was found to be one of the major causes to develop various diseases. A proposed cause-effects diagram for NPs is designed considering both NNPs and ENPs. It represents a valuable information package and user-friendly tool for various stakeholders including students, researchers and policy makers, to better understand and communicate on issues related to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita
- Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Lucknow-226010, U.P., India
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Alena Bartonova
- NILU - Norwegian Institute of Air Research POB 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU - Norwegian Institute of Air Research POB 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
- Slovak Medical University, Department of Experimental and Applied Genetics, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Lucknow-226010, U.P., India
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Win-Shwe TT, Fujimaki H. Nanoparticles and neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6267-80. [PMID: 22016657 PMCID: PMC3189781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12096267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to nanoparticles (NPs; diameter < 100 nm) from ambient air and certain workplaces. There are two main types of NPs; combustion-derived NPs (e.g., particulate matters, diesel exhaust particles, welding fumes) and manufactured or engineered NPs (e.g., titanium dioxide, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide). Recently, there have been increasing reports indicating that inhaled NPs can reach the brain and may be associated with neurodegeneration. It is necessary to evaluate the potential toxic effects of NPs on brain because most of the neurobehavioral disorders may be of environmental origin. This review highlights studies on both combustion-derived NP- and manufactured or engineered NP-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression, as well as the possible mechanism of these effects in animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Fujimaki
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; E-Mail:
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Hesterberg TW, Long CM, Sax SN, Lapin CA, McClellan RO, Bunn WB, Valberg PA. Particulate matter in new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE) is quantitatively and qualitatively very different from that found in traditional diesel exhaust (TDE). JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:894-913. [PMID: 22010375 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.599277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) characteristic of pre-1988 engines is classified as a "probable" human carcinogen (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified DE as "likely to be carcinogenic to humans." These classifications were based on the large body of health effect studies conducted on DE over the past 30 or so years. However, increasingly stringent U.S. emissions standards (1988-2010) for particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in diesel exhaust have helped stimulate major technological advances in diesel engine technology and diesel fuel/lubricant composition, resulting in the emergence of what has been termed New Technology Diesel Exhaust, or NTDE. NTDE is defined as DE from post-2006 and older retrofit diesel engines that incorporate a variety of technological advancements, including electronic controls, ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel, oxidation catalysts, and wall-flow diesel particulate filters (DPFs). As discussed in a prior review (T. W. Hesterberg et al.; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6437-6445), numerous emissions characterization studies have demonstrated marked differences in regulated and unregulated emissions between NTDE and "traditional diesel exhaust" (TDE) from pre-1988 diesel engines. Now there exist even more data demonstrating significant chemical and physical distinctions between the diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) in NTDE versus DEP from pre-2007 diesel technology, and its greater resemblance to particulate emissions from compressed natural gas (CNG) or gasoline engines. Furthermore, preliminary toxicological data suggest that the changes to the physical and chemical composition of NTDE lead to differences in biological responses between NTDE versus TDE exposure. Ongoing studies are expected to address some of the remaining data gaps in the understanding of possible NTDE health effects, but there is now sufficient evidence to conclude that health effects studies of pre-2007 DE likely have little relevance in assessing the potential health risks of NTDE exposures.
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Levesque S, Taetzsch T, Lull ME, Kodavanti U, Stadler K, Wagner A, Johnson JA, Duke L, Kodavanti P, Surace MJ, Block ML. Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1149-55. [PMID: 21561831 PMCID: PMC3237351 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is linked to central nervous system disease, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we sought to address the brain-region-specific effects of diesel exhaust (DE) and key cellular mechanisms underlying DE-induced microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity. METHODS Rats were exposed to DE (2.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/m3) by inhalation over 4 weeks or as a single intratracheal administration of DE particles (DEP; 20 mg/kg). Primary neuron-glia cultures and the HAPI (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) microglial cell line were used to explore cellular mechanisms. RESULTS Rats exposed to DE by inhalation demonstrated elevated levels of whole-brain IL-6 (interleukin-6) protein, nitrated proteins, and IBA-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) protein (microglial marker), indicating generalized neuroinflammation. Analysis by brain region revealed that DE increased TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), fractalkine, and the IBA-1 microglial marker in most regions tested, with the midbrain showing the greatest DE response. Intratracheal administration of DEP increased microglial IBA-1 staining in the substantia nigra and elevated both serum and whole-brain TNFα at 6 hr posttreatment. Although DEP alone failed to cause the production of cytokines and chemokines, DEP (5 μg/mL) pretreatment followed by lipopolysaccharide (2.5 ng/mL) in vitro synergistically amplified nitric oxide production, TNFα release, and DA neurotoxicity. Pretreatment with fractalkine (50 pg/mL) in vitro ameliorated DEP (50 μg/mL)-induced microglial hydrogen peroxide production and DA neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings reveal complex, interacting mechanisms responsible for how air pollution may cause neuroinflammation and DA neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Levesque
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Moos PJ, Olszewski K, Honeggar M, Cassidy P, Leachman S, Woessner D, Cutler NS, Veranth JM. Responses of human cells to ZnO nanoparticles: a gene transcription study. Metallomics 2011; 3:1199-211. [PMID: 21769377 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gene transcript profile responses to metal oxide nanoparticles was studied using human cell lines derived from the colon and skin tumors. Much of the research on nanoparticle toxicology has focused on models of inhalation and intact skin exposure, and effects of ingestion exposure and application to diseased skin are relatively unknown. Powders of nominally nanosized SiO2, TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 were chosen because these substances are widely used in consumer products. The four oxides were evaluated using colon-derived cell lines, RKO and CaCo-2, and ZnO and TiO2 were evaluated further using skin-derived cell lines HaCaT and SK Mel-28. ZnO induced the most notable gene transcription changes, even though this material was applied at the lowest concentration. Nano-sized and conventional ZnO induced similar responses suggesting common mechanisms of action. The results showed neither a non-specific response pattern common to all substances nor synergy of the particles with TNF-α cotreatment. The response to ZnO was not consistent with a pronounced proinflammatory signature, but involved changes in metal metabolism, chaperonin proteins, and protein folding genes. This response was observed in all cell lines when ZnO was in contact with the human cells. When the cells were exposed to soluble Zn, the genes involved in metal metabolism were induced but the genes involved in protein refoldling were unaffected. This provides some of the first data on the effects of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles on human colon-derived and skin-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Møller P, Mikkelsen L, Vesterdal LK, Folkmann JK, Forchhammer L, Roursgaard M, Danielsen PH, Loft S. Hazard identification of particulate matter on vasomotor dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 41:339-68. [PMID: 21345153 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.533152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development and use of nanoparticles have alerted toxicologists and regulators to issues of safety testing. By analogy with ambient air particles, it can be expected that small doses are associated with a small increase in risk of cardiovascular diseases, possibly through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. We have assessed the effect of exposure to particulate matter on progression of atherosclerosis and vasomotor function in humans, animals, and ex vivo experimental systems. The type of particles that have been tested in these systems encompass TiO(2), carbon black, fullerene C(60), single-walled carbon nanotubes, ambient air particles, and diesel exhaust particles. Exposure to ambient air particles is associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and vasomotor dysfunction in both healthy and susceptible animal models and humans at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The vasomotor dysfunction includes increased vasoconstriction as well as reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation; endothelium-independent vasodilatation is often unaffected indicating mainly endothelial dysfunction. Pulmonary exposure to TiO(2), carbon black, and engineered nanoparticles generate vasomotor dysfunction; the effect size is similar to that generated by combustion-derived particles, although the effect could depend on the exposure period and the administered dose, route, and mode. The relative risk associated with exposure to nanoparticles may be small compared to some traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, but superimposed on these and possible exposure to large parts of the population it is a significant public health concern. Overall, assessment of vasomotor dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis are promising tools for understanding the effects of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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