1
|
Molavinia S, Dayer D, Khodayar MJ, Goudarzi G, Salehcheh M. Suspended particulate matter promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells via TGF-β1-mediated ROS/IL-8/SMAD3 axis. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:139-150. [PMID: 38408815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence presents that dust storms are related to respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the precise underlying mechanisms of SPM-elicited adverse effects still need to be investigated. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is a characteristic of PF. We discussed whether suspended particulate matter (SPM) is involved in EMT induction via transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In this study, a detailed elemental analysis (55 elements), particle size, and morphology were determined. To investigate the toxicity of SPM, an MTT test was performed to detect cell viability. Next, A549 cells were exposed to selected concentrations of SPM (20 and 40 µg/mL) for single and repeated exposures. The DCFH-DA assay showed that exposure to SPM could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ELISA assay demonstrated increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TGF-β1 in the supernatant. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with EMT and the SMAD3-dependent pathway. Results of western blot demonstrated that E-cadherin was reduced, whereas p-SMAD3, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin were elevated. Our findings indicated that SPM triggered EMT by induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Molavinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Dian Dayer
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Iranian Scientific Association of Clean Air, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehcheh
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grytting VS, Skuland T, Ballangby J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J, Mariussen E. The effects of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786) on three different 3D lung models exposed at the air-liquid interface - A comparative study. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105841. [PMID: 38729454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
3D cell culture models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) represent a potential alternative to animal experiments for hazard and risk assessment of inhaled compounds. This study compares cocultures composed of either Calu-3, A549 or HBEC3-KT lung epithelial cells, cultured together with THP-1-derived macrophages and EA.hy926 endothelial cells, in terms of barrier capacity and responses to a standard reference sample of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786). High-content imaging analysis revealed a similar cellular composition between the different cell models. The 3D cell cultures with Calu-3 cells showed the greatest barrier capacity, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability to Na-fluorescein. Mucus production was detected in 3D cell cultures based on Calu-3 and A549 cells. Exposure to SRM 2786 at ALI increased cytokine release and expression of genes associated with inflammation and xenobiotic metabolism. Moreover, the presence of THP-1-derived macrophages was central to the cytokine responses in all cell models. While the different 3D cell culture models produced qualitatively similar responses, more pronounced pro-inflammatory responses were observed in the basolateral compartment of the A549 and HBEC3-KT models compared to the Calu-3 model, likely due to their reduced barrier capacity and lower retention of secreted mediators in the apical compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McDonald RA, Nagy SG, Chambers M, Broberg CA, Ahonen MJR, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing prodrug for the treatment of complex Mycobacterium abscessus infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0132723. [PMID: 38206003 PMCID: PMC10848776 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) can cause severe respiratory infection in patients with underlying pulmonary conditions, and these infections are extremely difficult to treat. In this report, we evaluate a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug [methyl tris diazeniumdiolate (MD3)] against a panel of NTM clinical isolates and as a treatment for acute and chronic NTM infections in vivo. Its efficacy in inhibiting growth or killing mycobacteria was explored in vitro alongside evaluation of the impact to primary human airway epithelial tissue. Airway epithelial tissues remained viable after exposure at concentrations of MD3 needed to kill mycobacteria, with no inherent toxic effect from drug scaffold after NO liberation. Resistance studies conducted via serial passage with representative Mycobacterium abscessus isolates demonstrated no resistance to MD3. When administered directly into the lung via intra-tracheal administration in mice, MD3 demonstrated significant reduction in M. abscessus bacterial load in both acute and chronic models of M. abscessus lung infection. In summary, MD3 is a promising treatment for complex NTM pulmonary infection, specifically those caused by M. abscessus, and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah G. Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Chris A. Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Vast Therapeutics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Despréaux P, Jeanton C, Desaulle D, Al Zallouha M, Verdin A, Momas I, Achard S. Innovative graph analysis method to assess gene expression modulation after fine particles exposures of 3D human airway epithelia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115296. [PMID: 36642119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental particles have dramatic consequences for health, especially for the most vulnerable people, such as asthmatics. To better understand the impact on gene expression modulation of fine particles (PM2.5-0.3) from different emission sources, a 3D-airway model, a human bronchial epithelium (MucilAir-HF™) reconstructed from primary cells from healthy (EpiH) or asthmatic (EpiA) donors, was used. Repeated air-liquid exposures were performed, and epithelia were sacrificed to extract RNAs and assess gene expression. Data were analyzed according to the emission sources, physiological status, and exposure doses using a recent model consisting in a graph analysis on pairwise expression ratio. The results were compared with those from the classical ΔΔCt method. The graph analysis method proved to have better statistical properties than the classical ΔΔCt method and demonstrated that repeated PM2.5-0.3 exposures induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the metabolic gene (CYP1B1) and a down-regulation of the inflammation gene (CXCL10). These modulations were greater for "industrial" than for "urban traffic" fine particles, and the effects were found to be greater after exposure of EpiA than EpiH, thus emphasizing the importance of the epithelium's physiological status in sensitivity to particles. Our study is original in terms of the experimental conditions and the graphical statistical analysis model established. The results highlight the importance of particle chemistry on the modulation of cellular and molecular responses, which may vary according to the individual's vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philomène Despréaux
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Capucine Jeanton
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Dorota Desaulle
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, UR 7537 - BioSTM (Biostatistique, Traitement et Modélisation des données biologiques), Paris, France
| | - Margueritta Al Zallouha
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) UR4492, SFR Condorcet CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Achard
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, CRESS INSERM UMR 1153, équipe HERA (Health Environmental Risk Assessment), Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meindl C, Absenger-Novak M, Jeitler R, Roblegg E, Fröhlich E. Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes on Barrier Function, Ciliary Beating Frequency and Cytokine Release in In Vitro Models of the Respiratory Tract. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:682. [PMID: 36839050 PMCID: PMC9962067 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to inhaled carbon nanotubes (CNT) may have adverse effects on workers upon chronic exposure. In order to assess the toxicity of inhaled nanoparticles in a physiologically relevant manner, an air-liquid interface culture of mono and cocultures of respiratory cells and assessment in reconstructed bronchial and alveolar tissues was used. The effect of CNT4003 reference particles applied in simulated lung fluid was studied in bronchial (Calu-3 cells, EpiAirway™ and MucilAir™ tissues) and alveolar (A549 +/-THP-1 and EpiAlveolar™ +/-THP-1) models. Cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance, interleukin 6 and 8 secretion, mucociliary clearance and ciliary beating frequency were used as readout parameters. With the exception of increased secretion of interleukin 6 in the EpiAlveolar™ tissues, no adverse effects of CNT4003 particles, applied at doses corresponding to the maximum estimated lifetime exposure of workers, in the bronchial and alveolar models were noted, suggesting no marked differences between the models. Since the doses for whole-life exposure were applied over a shorter time, it is not clear if the interleukin 6 increase in the EpiAlveolar™ tissues has physiological relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Absenger-Novak
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ramona Jeitler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biocidal Activity of Tannic Acid-Prepared Silver Nanoparticles towards Pathogens Isolated from Patients with Exacerbations of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315411. [PMID: 36499763 PMCID: PMC9739282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome's significance in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is unclear. Antimicrobials are recommended in acute exacerbations of the disease (AECRS). Increasing rates of antibiotic resistance have stimulated research on alternative therapeutic options, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, there are concerns regarding the safety of silver administration. The aim of this study was to assess the biological activity of tannic acid-prepared AgNPs (TA-AgNPs) towards sinonasal pathogens and nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for pathogens isolated from patients with AECRS was approximated using the well diffusion method. The cytotoxicity of TA-AgNPswas evaluated using an MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion. A total of 48 clinical isolates and 4 reference strains were included in the study (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiellaoxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae). The results of the studies revealed that the MIC values differed between isolates, even within the same species. All the isolates were sensitive to TA-AgNPs in concentrations non-toxic to human cells during 24 h exposition. However, 48 h exposure to TA-AgNPs increased toxicity to HNEpC, narrowing their therapeutic window and enabling 19% of pathogens to resist the TA-AgNPs' biocidal action. It was concluded that TA-AgNPs are non-toxic for the investigated eukaryotic cells after short-term exposure and effective against most pathogens isolated from patients with AECRS, but sensitivity testing may be necessary before application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang J, Chen C, Xie J, Zhai K, Wei S, Cheng X, Zhang R. Oroxin A ameliorates the oleic acid-induced A549 cell injury through the suppression of pyroptosis and degradation of alveolar surfactant. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211400. [PMID: 36477822 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of the pulmonary epithelial barrier in acute respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the damage of the alveolar epithelial cells. Oroxin A is an effective flavonoid component derived from the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. In this study, the oleic acid (OA)-induced A549 cell injury model was established in vitro to explore the protective mechanism of Oroxin A. The experiment was divided into the following groups: control, OA and OA + Oroxin A group. The OA-induced A549 cell injury was dose (time)-dependent and was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The protein and mRNA expression levels associated with pyroptosis are detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. After Oroxin A treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH released were significantly lower than the OA group. In terms of pyroptosis, Oroxin A can inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related protein and mRNA. Significantly, the surfactant protein C (SPC) level in the OA + Oroxin A group was significantly higher than that in the OA group. The treatment with Oroxin A alleviates the OA-induced injury in the A549 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of A549 cells pyroptosis and prevention of the degradation of the SPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 100 Huaihai Avenue, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Zhai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingdong Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhummakupt E, Jenkins C, Rizzo G, Melka A, Carmany D, Prugh A, Horsmon J, Renner J, Angelini D. Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Lipidomic Analyses of Lung Tissue Exposed to Mustard Gas. Metabolites 2022; 12:815. [PMID: 36144218 PMCID: PMC9501011 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (HD) poses a serious threat due to its relatively simple production process. Exposure to HD in the short-term causes an inflammatory response, while long-term exposure results in DNA and RNA damage. Respiratory tract tissue models were exposed to relatively low concentrations of HD and collected at 3 and 24 h post exposure. Histology, cytokine ELISAs, and mass spectrometric-based analyses were performed. Histology and ELISA data confirmed previously seen lung damage and inflammatory markers from HD exposure. The multi-omic mass spectrometry data showed variation in proteins and metabolites associated with increased inflammation, as well as DNA and RNA damage. HD exposure causes DNA and RNA damage that results in variation of proteins and metabolites that are associated with transcription, translation and cellular energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dhummakupt
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rizzo
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | | | | | - Amber Prugh
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Jennifer Horsmon
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, Threat Agent Sciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Julie Renner
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, Threat Agent Sciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Daniel Angelini
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakolish C, Georgescu A, Huh DD, Rusyn I. A model of human small airway on a chip for studies of sub-acute effects of inhalation toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:267-278. [PMID: 35357501 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing for acute inhalation hazards is conducted in animals; however, a number of robust in vitro human cell-based alternatives were developed and tested. These models range in complexity from cultures of cell lines or primary cells in air-liquid interface on trans-wells, to more complex and physiologically-relevant flow- and mechanical stimulation-enabled tissue chips. While the former models are relatively straightforward to establish and can be tested in medium/high-throughput, the latter require specialized equipment and lack in throughput. In this study, we developed a device that can be easily manufactured while allowing for the production of a differentiated lung tissue. This multilayered microfluidic device enables co-culture of primary human small airway epithelial cells and lung microvascular endothelial cells under physiological conditions for up to 14 days and recreates the parenchymal-vascular interface in the distal lung. To explore the potential of this airway-on-a-chip for applications in inhalation toxicology, we also devised a system that allows for direct gas/aerosol exposures of the engineered airway epithelium to noxious stimuli known to cause adverse respiratory effects, including dry flowing air, lipopolysaccharide, particulate matter, and iodomethane. This study generated quantitative, high-content data that were indicative of aberrant changes in biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase), barrier (dextran permeability), functional (ciliary beating), and molecular (imaging for various markers) phenotypes of the small airway epithelium due to inhalational exposures. This study is significant because it established an in vitro model of human small airway on a chip that can be used in medium/high-throughput studies of sub-acute effects of inhalation toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Andrei Georgescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cerimi K, Jäckel U, Meyer V, Daher U, Reinert J, Klar S. In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35050015 PMCID: PMC8780961 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kustrim Cerimi
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Udo Jäckel
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ugarit Daher
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jessica Reinert
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanie Klar
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bedford R, Perkins E, Clements J, Hollings M. Recent advancements and application of in vitro models for predicting inhalation toxicity in humans. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105299. [PMID: 34920082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Animals have been indispensable in testing chemicals that can pose a risk to human health, including those delivered by inhalation. In recent years, the combination of societal debate on the use of animals in research and testing, the drive to continually enhance testing methodologies, and technology advancements have prompted a range of initiatives to develop non-animal alternative approaches for toxicity testing. In this review, we discuss emerging in vitro techniques being developed for the testing of inhaled compounds. Advanced tissue models that are able to recreate the human response to toxic exposures alongside examples of their ability to complement in vivo techniques are described. Furthermore, technology being developed that can provide multi-organ toxicity assessments are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - E Perkins
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - J Clements
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
In vitro impact preliminary assessment of airborne particulate from metalworking and woodworking industries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20181. [PMID: 34642423 PMCID: PMC8511069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the main route of exposure to airborne pollutants. To evaluate the safety and assess the risks of occupational hazards different testing approaches are used. 3D airway epithelial tissues allow to mimic exposure conditions in vitro, generates human-relevant toxicology data, allows to elucidate the mode of action of pollutants. Gillian3500 pumps were used to collect the airborne particulate from woodworking and metalworking environments. EpiAirway tissues were used to model half working day (4 h), full working day (8 h), and 3 working day exposures to occupational pollutants. Tissue viability was assessed using an MTT assay. For preliminary assessment, RT-qPCR analyses were performed to analyze the expression of gelsolin, caspase-3, and IL-6. Tissue morphology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. An effect on the proliferation of lung epithelial cell line A549 was assessed. Acute exposure to workspace pollutants slightly affected tissue viability and did not change the morphology. No inhibiting effect was observed on the proliferation of A549 cells. Preliminary analysis showed that both types of particles suppressed the expression of gelsolin, with the effect of metalworking samples being more pronounced. A slight reduction in caspase-3 expression was observed. Particles from metalworking suppressed IL-6 expression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Welch J, Wallace J, Lansley AB, Roper C. Evaluation of the toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the MucilAir™ human airway model in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105022. [PMID: 34333067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use multiple in vitro assays to assess the effects of a model irritant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (≤10 mM (0.29 %, w/v)), on an in vitro model of the airway, MucilAir™. The use of MucilAir™ in recovery studies was also explored. A 24 h exposure increased IL-8 release at an SDS concentration ≥0.63 mM (0.018 %, w/v). Mucin secretion increased and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decreased at SDS concentrations ≥1.25 mM (0.04 %, w/v). Cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into basolateral chamber) was observed at SDS concentrations of ≥2.5 mM (0.07 %, w/v). The sensitivity of the assays was IL-8 release > TEER = mucin secretion > LDH release. After 7 days, full or partial recovery was observed for intermediate concentrations of SDS using all assays but not at 5 and 10 mM SDS. Morphologically, erosion and cell loss were observed at these concentrations. Resazurin metabolism at 7 days tended to decrease in a dose-dependent manner at SDS concentrations above 2.5 mM (0.07 %, w/v). Together, these data support a No Observable Effect Level of 0.31 mM (0.009 % w/v) SDS and the use of MucilAir™ as a relevant model for airway toxicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Welch
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh, EH33 2NE, UK.
| | - Joanne Wallace
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh, EH33 2NE, UK.
| | - Alison B Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 1GJ, UK.
| | - Clive Roper
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh, EH33 2NE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He RW, Braakhuis HM, Vandebriel RJ, Staal YC, Gremmer ER, Fokkens PH, Kemp C, Vermeulen J, Westerink RH, Cassee FR. Optimization of an air-liquid interface in vitro cell co-culture model to estimate the hazard of aerosol exposures. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2021; 153:105703. [PMID: 33658726 PMCID: PMC7874005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to environmental and occupational aerosol contaminants is associated with many respiratory health problems. To realistically mimic long-term inhalation exposure for toxicity testing, lung epithelial cells need to maintained and exposed under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions for a prolonged period of time. In addition, to study cellular responses to aerosol particles, lung epithelial cells have to be co-cultured with macrophages. To that aim, we evaluated human bronchial epithelial Calu-3, 16HBE14o- (16HBE), H292, and BEAS-2B cell lines with respect to epithelial morphology, barrier function and cell viability under prolonged ALI culture conditions. Only the Calu-3 cells can retain the monolayer structure and maintain a strong tight junction under long-term ALI culture at least up to 2 weeks. As such, Calu-3 cells were applied as the structural barrier to create co-culture models with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and THP-1 derived macrophages (TDMs). Adhesion of macrophages onto the epithelial monolayer was allowed for 4 h with a density of 5 × 104 macrophages/cm2. In comparison to the Calu-3 mono-culture model, Calu-3 + TDM and Calu-3 + MDM co-culture models showed an increased sensitivity in inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aerosol at Day 1 of co-culture, with the Calu-3 + MDM model giving a stronger response than Calu-3 + TDM. Therefore, the epithelial monolayer integrity and increased sensitivity make the Calu-3 + MDM co-culture model a preferred option for ALI exposure to inhaled aerosols for toxicity testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Wen He
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig M. Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C.M. Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Gremmer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H.B. Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Kemp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Vermeulen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H.S. Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Flemming R. Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee HJ, Kwon YB, Kang JH, Oh DW, Park ES, Rhee YS, Kim JY, Shin DH, Kim DW, Park CW. Inhaled bosentan microparticles for the treatment of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. J Control Release 2021; 329:468-481. [PMID: 32871206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The conventional treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with oral bosentan hydrate has limitations related to the lack of pulmonary selectivity. In this study, we verified the hypothesis of the feasibility of dry powder inhalation of bosentan as an alternative to oral bosentan hydrate for the treatment of PAH. Inhalable bosentan microparticles with the capability of delivery to the peripheral region of the lungs and enhanced bioavailability have been formulated for PAH. The bosentan microparticles were prepared by the co-spray-drying method with bosentan hydrate and mannitol at different weight ratios. The bosentan microparticles were then characterized for their physicochemical properties, in vitro dissolution behavior, and in vitro aerodynamic performance. The in vivo pharmacokinetics and pathological characteristics were evaluated in a monocrotaline-induced rat model of PAH after intratracheal powder administration of bosentan microparticles, in comparison to orally administered bosentan hydrate. The highest performance bosentan microparticles, named SDBM 1:1, had irregular and porous shape. These microparticles had not only the significantly highest aerosol performance (MMAD of 1.91 μm and FPF of 51.68%) in the formulations, but also significantly increased dissolution rate, compared with the raw bosentan hydrate. This treatment to the lungs was also safe, as evidenced by the cytotoxicity assay. Intratracheally administered SDBM 1:1 elicited a significantly higher Cmax and AUC0-t that were over 10 times higher, compared with those of the raw bosentan hydrate administered orally in the same dose. It also exhibited ameliorative effects on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The survival rate of the group administrated SDBM1:1 intratracheally was 0.92 at the end of study (Positive control and orally administrated groups were 0.58 and 0.38, respectively). In conclusion, SDBM 1:1 showed promising in vitro and in vivo results with the dry powder inhalation. The inhaled bosentan microparticles can be considered as a potential alternative to oral bosentan hydrate for the treatment of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Rhee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eaves LA, Nguyen HT, Rager JE, Sexton KG, Howard T, Smeester L, Freedman AN, Aagaard KM, Shope C, Lefer B, Flynn JH, Erickson MH, Fry RC, Vizuete W. Identifying the Transcriptional Response of Cancer and Inflammation-Related Genes in Lung Cells in Relation to Ambient Air Chemical Mixtures in Houston, Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13807-13816. [PMID: 33064461 PMCID: PMC7757424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution represents a complex mixture of air chemicals that continually interact and transform, making it difficult to accurately evaluate associated toxicity responses representative of real-world exposure. This study leveraged data from a previously published article and reevaluated lung cell transcriptional response induced by outdoor atmospheric pollution mixtures using field-based exposure conditions in the industrialized Houston Ship Channel. The tested hypothesis was that individual and co-occurring chemicals in the atmosphere relate to altered expression of critical genes involved in inflammation and cancer-related processes in lung cells. Human lung cells were exposed at an air-liquid interface to ambient air mixtures for 4 h, with experiments replicated across 5 days. Real-time monitoring of primary and secondary gas-phase pollutants, as well as other atmospheric conditions, was simultaneously conducted. Transcriptional analysis of exposed cells identified critical genes showing differential expression associated with both individual and chemical mixtures. The individual pollutant identified with the largest amount of associated transcriptional response was benzene. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRFN1) were identified as key upstream transcription factor regulators of the cellular response to benzene. This study is among the first to measure lung cell transcriptional responses in relation to real-world, gas-phase air mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hang T Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth G Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas Howard
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anastasia N Freedman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Cynthia Shope
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Barry Lefer
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
- Tropospheric Composition Program, Earth Science Division, NASA, Washington, District of Columbia 20546, United States
| | - James H Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Mathew H Erickson
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mistry A, Bowen LE, Dzierlenga MW, Hartman JK, Slattery SD. Development of an in vitro approach to point-of-contact inhalation toxicity testing of volatile compounds, using organotypic culture and air-liquid interface exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104968. [PMID: 32805374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro chemical risk assessment using human cells is emerging as an alternative to in vivo animal testing with reduced costs, fewer animal welfare concerns, and the possibility of greater human health relevance. In vitro inhalation toxicity testing of volatile compounds poses particular challenges. Here we report our efforts to establish a testing protocol in our own lab using the EpiAirway bronchial epithelium cell culture model and the Vitrocell 12/12 system for air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures. For purposes of method development, we used methyl iodide (MeI) as a test compound. We examined viability, cytotoxicity, and epithelial integrity responses. Dose-dependent, reproducible responses were observed with all assays. EpiAirway and BEAS-2B cytotoxicity responses to acute exposure were roughly similar, but EpiAirway was more resistant than BEAS-2B by the viability measurement, suggesting a proliferative response at low MeI concentrations. If wells were sealed to prevent evaporation, in-solution MeI concentration-response could be used to predict the response to MeI vapor within 2-fold by converting from the media- to the air-concentration at equilibrium using the blood:air partition coefficient for MeI. The long-term stability of EpiAirway cultures enabled repeated exposures over a 5-d period, which produced responses at lower concentrations than did acute exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artik Mistry
- ScitoVation, LLC, Durham, NC 27713, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Frati C, Lagrasta CA, Di Lascia M, Riccardi B, Puccini P, Dall’Asta V. Characterization of ABC Transporters in EpiAirway™, a Cellular Model of Normal Human Bronchial Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093190. [PMID: 32366035 PMCID: PMC7247561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) play a crucial role in the translocation of a broad range of drugs; data about their expression and activity in lung tissue are controversial. Here, we address their expression, localization and function in EpiAirway™, a three-dimensional (3D)-model of human airways; Calu-3 cells, a representative in vitro model of bronchial epithelium, are used for comparison. Transporter expression has been evaluated with RT-qPCR and Western blot, the localization with immunocytochemistry, and the activity by measuring the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical fluxes of specific substrates in the presence of inhibitors. EpiAirway™ and Calu-3 cells express high levels of MRP1 on the basolateral membrane, while they profoundly differ in terms of BCRP and MDR1: BCRP is detected in EpiAirway™, but not in Calu-3 cells, while MDR1 is expressed and functional only in fully-differentiated Calu-3; in EpiAirway™, MDR1 expression and activity are undetectable, consistently with the absence of the protein in specimens from human healthy bronchi. In summary, EpiAirway™ appears to be a promising tool to study the mechanisms of drug delivery in the bronchial epithelium and to clarify the role of ABC transporters in the modulation of the bioavailability of administered drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-033785
| | - Amelia Barilli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Costanza Annamaria Lagrasta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Maria Di Lascia
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Benedetta Riccardi
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Puccini
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Dall’Asta
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Di Cristo L, Grimaldi B, Catelani T, Vázquez E, Pompa PP, Sabella S. Repeated exposure to aerosolized graphene oxide mediates autophagy inhibition and inflammation in a three-dimensional human airway model. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100050. [PMID: 32322818 PMCID: PMC7171197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazard evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) using real-world exposure scenario could provide better interpretation of toxicity end points for their use in the assessment of human safety and for their implications in many fields such as toxicology, nanomedicine, and so forth. However, most of the current studies, both in vivo and in vitro, do not reflect realistic conditions of human exposure to ENMs, due to the high doses implemented. Moreover, the use of cellular models cultured under submerged conditions limits their physiological relevance for lung exposure, where cells are primarily cultured at the air-liquid interface. Addressing such issues is even more challenging for emergent nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), for which little or no information on exposure is available. In this work, we studied the impact of repeated exposure of GO on a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct of human bronchial tissue, using a nebulizer system focusing on short-term effects. The selected doses (reaching a maximum of ca. 20 μg/cm2 for a period of 4 weeks of exposure) were extrapolated from alveolar mass deposition values of a broader class of carbon-based nanomaterials, reflecting a full working lifetime of human exposure. Experimental results did not show strong toxic effects of GO in terms of viability and integrity of the lung tissue. However, since 2 weeks of treatment, repeated GO exposure elicited a proinflammatory response, moderate barrier impairment, and autophagosome accumulation, a process resulting from blockade of autophagy flux. Interestingly, the 3D airway model could recover such an effect by restoring autophagy flux at longer exposure (30 days). These findings indicate that prolonged exposure to GO produces a time window (during the 30 days of treatment set for this study) for which GO-mediated autophagy inhibition along with inflammation may potentially increase the susceptibility of exposed humans to pulmonary infections and/or lung diseases. This study also highlights the importance of using physiologically relevant in vitro models and doses derived from real-world exposure to obtain focused data for the assessment of human safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Di Cristo
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - B Grimaldi
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - T Catelani
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - E Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - P P Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - S Sabella
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062124. [PMID: 32210027 PMCID: PMC7143849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution consists of highly variable and complex mixtures recognized as major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast number of chemicals, coupled with limitations surrounding epidemiological and animal studies, has necessitated the development of new approach methods (NAMs) to evaluate air pollution toxicity. These alternative approaches include in vitro (cell-based) models, wherein toxicity of test atmospheres can be evaluated with increased efficiency compared to in vivo studies. In vitro exposure systems have recently been developed with the goal of evaluating air pollutant-induced toxicity; though the specific design parameters implemented in these NAMs-based studies remain in flux. This review aims to outline important design parameters to consider when using in vitro methods to evaluate air pollutant toxicity, with the goal of providing increased accuracy, reproducibility, and effectiveness when incorporating in vitro data into human health evaluations. This review is unique in that experimental considerations and lessons learned are provided, as gathered from first-hand experience developing and testing in vitro models coupled to exposure systems. Reviewed design aspects include cell models, cell exposure conditions, exposure chambers, and toxicity endpoints. Strategies are also discussed to incorporate in vitro findings into the context of in vivo toxicity and overall risk assessment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chang Y, Siddens LK, Heine LK, Sampson DA, Yu Z, Fischer KA, Löhr CV, Tilton SC. Comparative mechanisms of PAH toxicity by benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114644. [PMID: 31255691 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current assumption for assessing carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is that they function through a common mechanism of action; however, recent studies demonstrate that PAHs can act through unique mechanisms potentially contributing to cancer outcomes in a non-additive manner. Using a primary human 3D bronchial epithelial culture (HBEC) model, we assessed potential differences in mechanism of toxicity for two PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), compared to a complex PAH mixture based on short-term biosignatures identified from transcriptional profiling. Differentiated bronchial epithelial cells were treated with BAP (100-500 μg/ml), DBC (10 μg/ml), and coal tar extract (CTE 500-1500 μg/ml, SRM1597a) for 48 h and gene expression was measured by RNA sequencing or quantitative PCR. Comparison of BAP and DBC gene signatures showed that the majority of genes (~60%) were uniquely regulated by treatment, including signaling pathways for inflammation and DNA damage by DBC and processes for cell cycle, hypoxia and oxidative stress by BAP. Specifically, BAP upregulated targets of AhR, NRF2, and KLF4, while DBC downregulated these same targets, suggesting a chemical-specific pattern in transcriptional regulation involved in antioxidant response, potentially contributing to differences in PAH potency. Other processes were regulated in common by all PAH treatments, BAP, DBC and CTE, including downregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and reduced functional measurements of barrier integrity. This work supports prior in vivo studies and demonstrates the utility of profiling short-term biosignatures in an organotypic 3D model to identify mechanisms linked to carcinogenic risk of PAHs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chang
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lauren K Heine
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David A Sampson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kay A Fischer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Viegas J, Esteves AF, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA, Vitale M, Taborda-Barata L. Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Front Public Health 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31231626 PMCID: PMC6560203 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stands out due to its abundance. In healthy conditions, H2S-related enzymes (e.g., cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase) are expressed in human lungs, where they have mucolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles, thus contributing to airway epithelium homeostasis. These roles occur mainly through S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification through which H2S is able to change the activity of several targets, such as ion channels, second messengers, proteins, among others. However, in respiratory diseases the metabolism of H2S is altered, which seems to contribute somehow to the respiratory deterioration. Moreover, H2S has been regarded as a good biomarker of airway dysfunction and severity, and can be measured in serum, sputum, and exhaled air. Hence, in this review we will recapitulate the effects of STWs on lung epithelial-immune crosstalk through the action of its main component, H2S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Escola Superior da Saúde, IPG-Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- DiMeC-Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,FoRST-Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, Rome, Italy
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,NuESA-Health & Environment Study Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Immunoallergology, CHUCB-Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cervena T, Vrbova K, Rossnerova A, Topinka J, Rossner P. Short-term and Long-term Exposure of the MucilAir™ Model to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 47:9-18. [PMID: 31237164 DOI: 10.1177/0261192919841484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells grown in monocultures are widely used to model lung tissue. As a result of these culture conditions, these cells exhibit poor morphological similarity to those present in in vivo lung tissue. MucilAir™, a 3-D in vitro model comprising human basal, goblet and ciliated cells, represents a fully differentiated respiratory epithelium that can be used as an alternative and a more realistic system. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) - using MucilAir as a model of human lung tissue. Two concentrations (0.1 μM and 1 μM) were tested at three time points (24 hours, 7 days and 28 days). Several aspects were assessed: cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release), integrity of the cell layer (transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)), induction of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species production) and changes in the expression of selected genes involved in PAH metabolism (CYP1A1 and AKR1C2) and the antioxidant response (ALDH3A1, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, CAT, HMOX1 and TXNRD1). The results showed that exposure to B[a]P caused a spike in LDH release at day 5. Exposure to 3-NBA caused a number of spikes in LDH release, starting at day 5, and a decrease in TEER after 11 days. CYP1A1 gene expression was upregulated after the 7-day and 28-day B[a]P exposures, as well as after the 24-hour and 7-day 3-NBA exposures. HMOX1 and SOD1 were downregulated after both 24-hour PAH treatments. HMOX1 was upregulated after a 1-week exposure to 3-NBA. There were no significant changes in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of AKR1C2, ALDH3A1, TXNRD1, SOD2, GPX1 or CAT. These results illustrate the potential use of this 3-D in vitro lung tissue model in studying the effects of chronic exposure to PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cervena
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balogh Sivars K, Sivars U, Hornberg E, Zhang H, Brändén L, Bonfante R, Huang S, Constant S, Robinson I, Betts CJ, Åberg PM. A 3D Human Airway Model Enables Prediction of Respiratory Toxicity of Inhaled Drugs In Vitro. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:301-308. [PMID: 29182718 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract toxicity represents a significant cause of attrition of inhaled drug candidates targeting respiratory diseases. One of the key issues to allow early detection of respiratory toxicities is the lack of reliable and predictive in vitro systems. Here, the relevance and value of a physiologically relevant 3D human airway in vitro model (MucilAir) were explored by repeated administration of a set of compounds with (n = 8) or without (n = 7) respiratory toxicity following inhalation in vivo. Predictability for respiratory toxicity was evaluated by readout of cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, viability, morphology, ciliary beating frequency, mucociliary clearance and cytokine release. Interestingly, the data show that in vivo toxicity can be predicted in vitro by studying cell barrier integrity by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and cell viability determined by the Resazurin method. Both read-outs had 88% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively, while the former was more accurate with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) AUC of 0.98 (p = .0018) compared with ROC AUC of 0.90 (p = .0092). The loss of cell barrier integrity could mainly, but not fully, be attributed to a loss of cell coverage in 6 out of 7 compounds with reduced TEER. Notably, these effects occurred only at 400 µM, at concentration levels significantly above primary target cell potency, suggesting that greater attention to high local lung concentrations should be taken into account in safety assessment of inhaled drugs. Thus, prediction of respiratory toxicity in 3D human airway in vitro models may result in improved animal welfare and reduced attrition in inhaled drug discovery projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf Sivars
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism
| | | | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, CH-1228 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Per M Åberg
- Regulatory Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ambient fine particulate matter induce toxicity in lung epithelial-endothelial co-culture models. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
Tilly TB, Ward RX, Luthra JK, Robinson S, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Lewis GS, Salisbury RL, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood TL, Hussain SM, Wu CY. Condensational particle growth device for reliable cell exposure at the air-liquid interface to nanoparticles. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2019; 53:1415-1428. [PMID: 33033421 PMCID: PMC7540808 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2019.1659938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A first-of-its-kind aerosol exposure device for toxicity testing, referred to as the Dosimetric Aerosol in Vitro Inhalation Device (DAVID), was evaluated for its ability to deliver airborne nanoparticles to lung cells grown as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. For inhalation studies, ALI lung cell cultures exposed to airborne nanoparticles have more relevancy than the same cells exposed in submerged culture because ALI culture better represents the respiratory physiology and consequently more closely reflect cellular response to aerosol exposure. In DAVID, water condensation grows particles as small as 5 nm to droplets sized > 5 μm for inertial deposition at low flow rates. The application of DAVID for nanotoxicity analysis was evaluated by measuring the amount and variability in the deposition of uranine nanoparticles and then assessing the viability of ALI cell cultures exposed to clean-air under the same operational conditions. The results showed a low coefficient of variation, < 0.25, at most conditions, and low variability in deposition between the exposure wells, trials, and operational flow rates. At an operational flow rate of 4 LPM, no significant changes in cell viability were observed, and minimal effects observed at 6 LPM. The reliable and gentle deposition mechanism of DAVID makes it advantageous for nanoparticle exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Tilly
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Bioeffects Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHDJ, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan X. Ward
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiva K. Luthra
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L. Salisbury
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Bioeffects Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHDJ, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tara L. Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Saber M. Hussain
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Bioeffects Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHDJ, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clippinger AJ, Allen D, Behrsing H, BéruBé KA, Bolger MB, Casey W, DeLorme M, Gaça M, Gehen SC, Glover K, Hayden P, Hinderliter P, Hotchkiss JA, Iskandar A, Keyser B, Luettich K, Ma-Hock L, Maione AG, Makena P, Melbourne J, Milchak L, Ng SP, Paini A, Page K, Patlewicz G, Prieto P, Raabe H, Reinke EN, Roper C, Rose J, Sharma M, Spoo W, Thorne PS, Wilson DM, Jarabek AM. Pathway-based predictive approaches for non-animal assessment of acute inhalation toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:131-145. [PMID: 29908304 PMCID: PMC6760245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New approaches are needed to assess the effects of inhaled substances on human health. These approaches will be based on mechanisms of toxicity, an understanding of dosimetry, and the use of in silico modeling and in vitro test methods. In order to accelerate wider implementation of such approaches, development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) can help identify and address gaps in our understanding of relevant parameters for model input and mechanisms, and optimize non-animal approaches that can be used to investigate key events of toxicity. This paper describes the AOPs and the toolbox of in vitro and in silico models that can be used to assess the key events leading to toxicity following inhalation exposure. Because the optimal testing strategy will vary depending on the substance of interest, here we present a decision tree approach to identify an appropriate non-animal integrated testing strategy that incorporates consideration of a substance's physicochemical properties, relevant mechanisms of toxicity, and available in silico models and in vitro test methods. This decision tree can facilitate standardization of the testing approaches. Case study examples are presented to provide a basis for proof-of-concept testing to illustrate the utility of non-animal approaches to inform hazard identification and risk assessment of humans exposed to inhaled substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Clippinger
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom.
| | - David Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Contractor Supporting the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Holger Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Kelly A BéruBé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Bolger
- Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, CA 93534, United States
| | - Warren Casey
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Marianna Gaça
- British American Tobacco plc, Globe House, 4 Temple Place, London WC2R 2PG, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Gehen
- Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kyle Glover
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, MA 01721, United States
| | | | | | - Anita Iskandar
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Keyser
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Anna G Maione
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, MA 01721, United States
| | - Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Jodie Melbourne
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheung P Ng
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, DuPont Haskell Global Center for Health Sciences, P. O. Box 30, Newark, DE 19714, United States
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Kathryn Page
- The Clorox Company, 4900 Johnson Dr, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pilar Prieto
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Hans Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Emily N Reinke
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd. Bldg. E-5158, ATTN: MCHB-PH-HEF Gunpowder, MD 21010-5403, United States
| | - Clive Roper
- Charles River Edinburgh Ltd., Edinburgh EH33 2NE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Rose
- Procter & Gamble Co, 11530 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH 45241, United States
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Spoo
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Annie M Jarabek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rodriguez‐Otormin F, Duro‐Castano A, Conejos‐Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Envisioning the future of polymer therapeutics for brain disorders. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1532. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aroa Duro‐Castano
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | | | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Winters BR, Pleil JD, Boyer JC, Nylander-French LA, Wallace MAG, Madden MC. Review: Endogenously Produced Volatiles for In Vitro Toxicity Testing Using Cell Lines. APPLIED IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY 2018; 4:129-138. [PMID: 31037250 PMCID: PMC5994904 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ∼86,000 chemicals registered under the Toxic Substances Control Act and increasing ethical concerns regarding animal testing, it is not economically or technically feasible to screen every registered chemical for toxicity using animal-based toxicity assays. To address this challenge, regulatory agencies are investigating high-throughput screening in vitro methods to increase speed of toxicity testing, while reducing the overall cost. One approach for rapid toxicity testing currently being investigated is monitoring of volatile emissions produced by cell lines in culture. Such a metabolomics approach would measure gaseous emissions from a cell line and determine if such gaseous metabolites are altered upon exposure to a xenobiotic. Herein, we describe the history and rationale of monitoring endogenously produced volatiles for identification of pathologic conditions, as well as emerging applications in toxicity testing for such an approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Winters
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joachim D. Pleil
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, NERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jayne C. Boyer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leena A. Nylander-French
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - M. Ariel Geer Wallace
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, NERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Michael C. Madden
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL/ORD, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beyeler S, Chortarea S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A, Wick P, Tschanz SA, von Garnier C, Blank F. Acute effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:699-711. [PMID: 29804489 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The risks of occupational exposure during handling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received limited attention to date, in particular for potentially susceptible individuals with highly prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this in vitro study, we simulated acute inhalation of MWCNTs employing an air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system: primary human bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and healthy donors (controls), cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were exposed to MWCNTs. To study acute health effects on the respiratory epithelium, two different concentrations (0.16; 0.34 µg/cm2) of MWCNTs were aerosolized onto cell cultures followed by analysis after 24 h. Following MWCNT exposure, epithelial integrity and differentiation remained intact. Electron microscopy analyses identified MWCNTs both extra- and intracellular within vesicles of mucus producing cells. In both COPD and healthy control cultures, MWCNTs neither caused increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nor alterations in inflammatory responses, as measured by RNA expression and protein secretion of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, IL-1β and TGF-β and oxidative stress markers HMOX-1 and SOD-2. No short-term alteration of epithelial cell function, as determined by ciliary beating frequency (CBF), occurred in any of the conditions tested. In conclusion, the present study provided a reliable and realistic in vitro acute-exposure model of the respiratory tract, responsive to positive controls such as Dörentruper Quartz (DQ12) and asbestos. Acute exposure to MWCNTs did not affect epithelial integrity, nor induce increased cell death, apoptosis or inflammatory changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Beyeler
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Savvina Chortarea
- c BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.,d Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- c BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- d Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe von Garnier
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- a Department of BioMedical Research , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.,b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , University Hospital of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Caruso JA, Stemmer PM. Petroleum coke exposure leads to altered secretome profiles in human lung models. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1215-1232. [PMID: 29577758 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum coke (PC) is a coal-like product that is produced during the refinement of crude oil and bituminous sand. Fugitive dust from open storage of PC in urban areas is a potential human health concern. Animal inhalation studies suggest that PC leads to an adverse pulmonary histopathology, including areas of fibrosis and chronic inflammation; however, little is known about its impact on human health. In order to identify biomarkers and cellular pathways that are associated with exposure, we performed two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses on secreted proteins from two human lung culture models. A total of 2795 proteins were identified and relatively quantified from an immortalized cell line and 2406 proteins from primary cultures that were either mock treated or exposed to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5-10 μm PC or filtered urban air particulates for 16 h. Pathway analysis on secretomes from primary lung cultures indicated that PC exposure suppressed the secretion of proteins involved in the organization of the extracellular matrix and epithelial differentiation. Because these cellular processes could facilitate fibrosis, we performed chronic 12-day exposure studies on three-dimensional human lung cultures consisting of epithelia and stromal fibroblasts. Relative to mock-treated cells, matrix metallopeptidase 9 levels in the conditioned media were lower by 4 days postexposure and remained suppressed for the duration of the experiment. Immunocytochemical staining of collagen III, a marker associated with fibrosis, showed increased accumulation in the epithelial layer and at the air-liquid interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Caruso
- 1 Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - P M Stemmer
- 2 Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. A realistic in vitro exposure revealed seasonal differences in (pro-)inflammatory effects from ambient air in Fribourg, Switzerland. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:40-48. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1441926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bisig
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wells JR, Schoemaecker C, Carslaw N, Waring MS, Ham JE, Nelissen I, Wolkoff P. Reactive indoor air chemistry and health-A workshop summary. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1222-1229. [PMID: 28964679 PMCID: PMC6388628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of indoor air changes due to the reactive nature of the indoor environment. Historically, only the stable parent compounds were investigated due to their ease of measurement by conventional methods. Today, however, scientists can better characterize oxidation products (gas and particulate-phase) formed by indoor chemistry. An understanding of occupant exposure can be developed through the investigation of indoor oxidants, the use of derivatization techniques, atmospheric pressure detection, the development of real-time technologies, and improved complex modeling techniques. Moreover, the connection between exposure and health effects is now receiving more attention from the research community. Nevertheless, a need still exists for improved understanding of the possible link between indoor air chemistry and observed acute or chronic health effects and long-term effects such as work-related asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Wells
- NIOSH/HELD/EAB, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | | | - N Carslaw
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - M S Waring
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J E Ham
- NIOSH/HELD/EAB, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - P Wolkoff
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Poma A, Colafarina S, Aruffo E, Zarivi O, Bonfigli A, Di Bucchianico S, Di Carlo P. Effects of ozone exposure on human epithelial adenocarcinoma and normal fibroblasts cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184519. [PMID: 28886142 PMCID: PMC5590931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show variable ozone cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cell cultures, laboratory animals and humans directly exposed to tropospheric ozone. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate and compare the cyto and genotoxic effects of ozone using adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells A549 and normal human fibroblasts Hs27. A cell culture chamber with controlled atmosphere (a simulation reactor) was built to inject a flow of 120 ppb of ozone, which is two times the threshold value for the protection of human health, fixed by the EU legislation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by a luminescent cell viability assay while we assessed the genotoxic potential of ozone by the induction of micronuclei as well as evaluating DNA strand breaks by the induction of micronuclei evaluated by means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay as well as evaluating DNA strand breaks by Alkaline Comet Assay (CA) or Comet Assay. A549 cells viability decreases significantly at 24 hours treatment with 120 ppb of O3 while at 48 hours and 72 hours O3 treated cells viability doesn’t differ in respect to the control. However a significative decrease of A549 viability is shown at 72 hours vs. 48 hours in both treated and not-treated cells. The viability trend in the Hs27 cells did not show any significant changes in treated samples compared to the control in all conditions. The two genotoxicity biomarkers, the micronucleus and the comet tests, showed in both the cell types exposed to ozone, a significant increase in the number of micronuclei and in the tail DNA % in respect to the control even if at different times/cell type. Moreover, we found that O3 provokes genotoxic effects more evident in A549 cancer cells than in normal fibroblasts Hs27 ones. We applied a cell growth simulation model referred to ozone treated or not cell lines to confirm that the ozone exposure causes a slackening in the cells replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre of Excellence CETEMPS, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Bonfigli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre of Excellence CETEMPS, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zavala J, Greenan R, Krantz QT, DeMarini DM, Higuchi M, Gilmour MI, White PA. Regulating temperature and relative humidity in air-liquid interface in vitro systems eliminates cytotoxicity resulting from control air exposures. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:448-459. [PMID: 30090513 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
VITROCELL® systems permit cell exposures at the air-liquid interface (ALI); however, there are inconsistent methodologies in the literature for their operation. Some studies find that exposure to air (vehicle control) induced cytotoxicity relative to incubator controls; others do not mention if any cytotoxicity was encountered. We sought to test whether temperature and relative humidity (temp/RH) influence cytotoxicity with an unmodified (conditions A & B) and modified (condition C) VITROCELL® 6 CF with temp/RH controls to permit conditioning of the sampled air-flow. We exposed BEAS-2B cells for 1 h to air and measured viability (WST-1 cell proliferation assay) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release 6 h post-exposure. Relative to controls, cells exposed to air at (A) 22 °C and 18% RH had a 47.9% ± 3.2% (p < 0.0001) reduction in cell viability and 10.7% ± 2.0% (p < 0.0001) increase in LDH release (B) 22 °C and 55% RH had a 40.3% ± 5.8% (p < 0.0001) reduction in cell viability and 2.6% ± 2.0% (p = 0.2056) increase in LDH release, or (C) 37 °C and >75% RH showed no changes in cell viability and no increase in LDH release. Furthermore, cells exposed to air at 37 °C and >75% RH 24 h post-exposure showed no changes in viability or LDH release relative to incubator controls. Thus, reductions in cell viability were induced under conditions used typically in the literature (conditions A & B). However, our modifications (condition C) overcome this shortcoming by preventing cell desiccation; regulating temp/RH is essential for conducting adequate ALI exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Zavala
- NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC 27711 , USA . ; Tel: +1-919-541-2316
| | - Rebecca Greenan
- Mechanistic Studies Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0K9 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-941-7373
| | - Q Todd Krantz
- NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC 27711 , USA . ; Tel: +1-919-541-2316
| | - David M DeMarini
- NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC 27711 , USA . ; Tel: +1-919-541-2316
| | - Mark Higuchi
- NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC 27711 , USA . ; Tel: +1-919-541-2316
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- NHEERL , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC 27711 , USA . ; Tel: +1-919-541-2316
| | - Paul A White
- Mechanistic Studies Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0K9 , Canada . ; ; Tel: +1-613-941-7373
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martinelli F, Balducci AG, Kumar A, Sonvico F, Forbes B, Bettini R, Buttini F. Engineered sodium hyaluronate respirable dry powders for pulmonary drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:286-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Li X. In vitro toxicity testing of cigarette smoke based on the air-liquid interface exposure: A review. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:105-113. [PMID: 27470133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol comprising particulate phase and gaseous vapour phase. The air-liquid interface exposure provides a possible technical means to implement whole smoke exposure for the assessment of tobacco products. In this review, the research progress in the in vitro toxicity testing of cigarette smoke based on the air-liquid interface exposure is summarized. The contents presented involve mainly cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, systems toxicology, 3D culture and cigarette smoke dosimetry related to cigarette smoke, as well as the assessment of electronic cigarette aerosol. Prospect of the application of the air-liquid interface exposure method in assessing the biological effects of tobacco smoke is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|