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Sun M, Moquet J, Barnard S, Mancey H, Burling D, Baldwin-Cleland R, Monahan K, Latchford A, Lloyd D, Bouffler S, Badie C, Anyamene NA, Ainsbury E. In vitro study of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines associated with Lynch syndrome. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369201. [PMID: 38638480 PMCID: PMC11024246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). Methods Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i.e., clonogenic assay to determine cell reproductive death; sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay to detect the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids; γH2AX assay to analyze DNA damage repair; and apoptosis analysis to compare cell death response. The advantages and limitations of these assays were assessed in vitro, and their applicability and feasibility investigated for their potential to be used for further studies using clinical samples. Results Results from the clonogenic assay indicated that the pMMR cell line (HT29) was significantly more radio-resistant than the dMMR cell lines (HCT116, SW48, and LoVo) after 2 Gy X-irradiation. Both cell type and radiation dose had a significant effect on the yield of SCEs/chromosome. When the yield of SCEs/chromosome for the irradiated samples (2 Gy) was normalized against the controls, no significant difference was observed between the cell lines. For the γH2AX assay, 0, 20 mGy and 2 Gy were examined at post-exposure time points of 30 min (min), 4 and 24 h (h). Statistical analysis revealed that HT29 was only significantly more radio-resistant than the MLH1-deficient cells lines, but not the MSH2-deficient cell line. Apoptosis analysis (4 Gy) revealed that HT29 was significantly more radio-resistant than HCT116 albeit with very few apoptotic cells observed. Discussion Overall, this study showed radio-resistance of the MMR proficient cell line in some assays, but not in the others. All methods used within this study have been validated; however, due to the limitations associated with cancer cell lines, the next step will be to use these assays in clinical samples in an effort to understand the biological and mechanistic effects of radiation in Lynch patients as well as the health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Moquet
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Mancey
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - David Burling
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Baldwin-Cleland
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Monahan
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bouffler
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Anyamene
- East and North Hertfordshire National Health Service Trust, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Environmental Research Group Within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Chen Z, Wakabayashi H, Kuroda R, Mori H, Hiromasa T, Kayano D, Kinuya S. Radiation exposure lymphocyte damage assessed by γ-H2AX level using flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4339. [PMID: 38383619 PMCID: PMC10881581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most relevant lesions to the DNA damage of ionizing radiation (IR), and γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes are regarded as an adequate marker for DSB quantitative studies. This study aimed to investigate IR-induced DNA damage in mice through γ-H2AX fluorescence analyses by flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of γ-H2AX in CD4/CD8/B220-positive lymphocytes were quantified by FCM through mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for evaluation, and all the control groups were restrained from irradiation. For external irradiation experiments, the dose-dependency of MFI values and temporal alternations were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. External radiation exposure damage was positively correlated with the absorbed radiation dose, and the lymphocyte recovered from damage within 3 days. I-131 sodium iodide solution (74 MBq) was injected into the mice intraperitoneally for internal irradiation experiments. Gamma counting and γH2AX foci analyses were performed at 1 h and 24 h by the group. The blood-to-blood S values (Sblood←blood) were applied for the blood-absorbed dose estimation. Internal low-dose-irradiation-induced damage was proved to recover within 24 h. The FCM method was found to be an effective way of quantitatively assessing IR-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Rie Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomo Hiromasa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Daiki Kayano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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López-Riego M, Płódowska M, Lis-Zajęcka M, Jeziorska K, Tetela S, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Sobota D, Braziewicz J, Lundholm L, Lisowska H, Wojcik A. The DNA damage response to radiological imaging: from ROS and γH2AX foci induction to gene expression responses in vivo. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4. [PMID: 37335333 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Candidate ionising radiation exposure biomarkers must be validated in humans exposed in vivo. Blood from patients undergoing positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and skeletal scintigraphy (scintigraphy) was drawn before (0 h) and after (2 h) the procedure for correlation analyses of the response of selected biomarkers with radiation dose and other available patient information. FDXR, CDKN1A, BBC3, GADD45A, XPC, and MDM2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, DNA damage (γH2AX) by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry using the 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For ROS experiments, 0- and 2-h samples were additionally exposed to UVA to determine whether diagnostic irradiation conditioned the response to further oxidative insult. With some exceptions, radiological imaging induced weak γH2AX foci, ROS and gene expression fold changes, the latter with good coherence across genes within a patient. Diagnostic imaging did not influence oxidative stress in PBMC successively exposed to UVA. Correlation analyses with patient characteristics led to low correlation coefficient values. γH2AX fold change, which correlated positively with gene expression, presented a weak positive correlation with injected activity, indicating a radiation-induced subtle increase in DNA damage and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response pathway. The exposure discrimination potential of these biomarkers in the absence of control samples as frequently demanded in radiological emergencies, was assessed using raw data. These results suggest that the variability of the response in heterogeneous populations might complicate identifying individuals exposed to low radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milena Lis-Zajęcka
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Jeziorska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tetela
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Braziewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine With Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Unit, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Zhao H, Qu M, Li Y, Wen K, Xu H, Song M, Xie D, Ao X, Gong Y, Sui L, Guan H, Zhou P, Xie J. An estimate assay for low-level exposure to ionizing radiation based on mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031743. [PMID: 36388350 PMCID: PMC9651621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) is ubiquitous, and large-dose exposure to IR is known to cause DNA damage and genotoxicity which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Whether such detrimental effects are caused by exposure to low-dose IR is still debated. Therefore, rapid and early estimation of absorbed doses of IR in individuals, especially at low levels, using radiation response markers is a pivotal step for early triage during radiological incidents to provide adequate and timely clinical interventions. However, there is currently a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of low-dose IR exposure to human beings. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (designated γ-H2AX), a classic biological dosimeter, can be used to evaluate the DNA damage response. We have developed an estimation assay for low-level exposure to IR based on the mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in blood. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes sensitive to low-dose IR, maintaining low temperature (4°C) and adding enzyme inhibitor are proven to be key steps, possibly insuring that a stable and marked γ-H2AX signal in blood cells exposed to low-dose IR could be detected. For the first time, DNA damage at low dose exposures to IR as low as 0.01 Gy were observed using the sensitive variation of γ-H2AX with high throughput mass spectrometry quantification in human peripheral blood, which is more accurate than the previously reported methods by virtue of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and can observe the time effect of DNA damage. These in vitro cellular dynamic monitoring experiments show that DNA damage occurred rapidly and then was repaired slowly over the passage of post-irradiation time even after exposure to very low IR doses. This assay was also used to assess different radiation exposures at the in vitro cellular level. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this assay in radiation biodosimetry and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Gong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hua Guan
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,Pingkun Zhou
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China,Jianwei Xie
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Chaurasia RK, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Bhat NN, Sapra BK. Establishment of in vitro Calibration Curve for 60Co-γ-rays Induced Phospho-53BP1 Foci, Rapid Biodosimetry and Initial Triage, and Comparative Evaluations With γH2AX and Cytogenetic Assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845200. [PMID: 36003625 PMCID: PMC9393360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry of populations exposed to ionizing radiation in the event of an incident or accident is crucial for initial triage and medical attention. DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) are indicative of radiation exposure, and DSB-repair proteins (53BP1, γH2AX, ATM, etc.) are considered sensitive markers of DSB quantification. Phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX immunofluorescence technique serves as a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible tool for the detection and quantification of DSB-repair proteins, which can be used for biological dose estimations. In this study, dose-response curves were generated for 60Co-γ-rays induced phospho-53 Binding Protein 1 (phospho-53BP1) foci at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h, post-irradiation for a dose range of 0.05–4 Gy using fluorescence microscopy. Following ISO recommendations, minimum detection limits (MDLs) were estimated to be 16, 18, 25, 40, 50, and 75 mGy for dose-response curves generated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h post-irradiation. Colocalization and correlation of phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX were also measured in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to gain dual confirmation. Comparative evaluation of the established curve was made by γH2AX-immunofluorescence, dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), and reciprocal translocation (RT) assays by reconstructing the dose of 6 dose-blinded samples. Coefficients of respective in-house established dose-response curves were employed to reconstruct the blind doses. Estimated doses were within the variation of 4.124%. For lower doses (0.052 Gy), phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX assays gave closer estimates with the variation of −4.1 to + 9% in comparison to cytogenetic assays, where variations were −8.5 to 24%. For higher doses (3 and 4 Gy), both the cytogenetic and immunofluorescence (phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX), assays gave comparable close estimates, with −11.3 to + 14.3% and −10.3 to −13.7%, variations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
| | - Kapil B. Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha N. Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Nagesh N. Bhat
| | - B. K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Classifier Spot Count Optimization of Automated Fluorescent Slide Scanning System. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for the quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, the sensitization of Metafer software to counting also small appearing IRIF was validated.
Materials and Methods: Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy. The cells were fixed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 18 hours post-irradiation, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with the automatic Metafer system. Radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using either manual counting (JCountPro program) or the Metafer software (after its classifier optimization has been done) and compared. The statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA.
Results: The enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX foci manually by JCountPro did not statistically significantly differ from the automatic one performed with the optimized Metafer classifier. A detailed step-by-step protocol of this successful optimization is described in this study.
Conclusions: We concluded that the Metafer software after the optimization was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF, having a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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Vinnikov V, Belyakov O. Clinical Applications of Biological Dosimetry in Patients Exposed to Low Dose Radiation Due to Radiological, Imaging or Nuclear Medicine Procedures. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:114-139. [PMID: 34879905 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dosimetric biomarkers have found applications beyond radiation protection area and now are actively introduced into clinical practice. Cytogenetic assays appeared to be a valuable tool for individualized quantifying radiation effects in patients, with high capability for assessing genotoxicity of various medical exposure modalities and providing meaningful radiation dose estimates for prognoses of radiation-related cancer risk. This review summarized current data on the use of biological dosimetry methods in patients undergoing various medical irradiations to low doses. The highlighted topics include basic aspects of biological dosimetry and its limitations in the range of low radiation doses, and main patterns of in vivo induction of radiation biomarkers in clinical exposure scenarios, occurring in X-ray diagnostics, computed tomography, interventional radiology, low dose radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine (internally administered 131I and other radiopharmaceuticals). Additionally, several specific issues, examined by biodosimetry techniques, are analysed, such as contrast media effect, radiation response in pediatric patients, impact of magnetic resonance imaging, evaluation of radioprotectors, detection of patients' abnormal intrinsic radiosensitivity and dose estimation in persons involved in medical radiation incidents. A prognosis of possible directions for further improvements in this area includes the automation of cytogenetic analysis, introduction of molecular biodosimeters and development of multiparametric biodosimetry platforms. A potential approach to the advanced biodosimetry of internal exposure and/or low dose external irradiation is suggested; this can be a multiparametric platform based on the combination of the γ-H2AX foci, dicentric, and translocation assays, each applied in the optimum postexposure time range, with the amalgamation of the dose estimates. The study revealed the necessity of further research, which might clarify medical radiation safety concerns for patients via using stringent biodosimetry methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria; Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology (GIMRO), Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
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Penninckx S, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Quantification of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair foci to evaluate and predict biological responses to ionizing radiation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab046. [PMID: 35692378 PMCID: PMC8693576 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced foci (RIF) are nuclear puncta visualized by immunostaining of proteins that regulate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair after exposure to ionizing radiation. RIF are a standard metric for measuring DSB formation and repair in clinical, environmental and space radiobiology. The time course and dose dependence of their formation has great potential to predict in vivo responses to ionizing radiation, predisposition to cancer and probability of adverse reactions to radiotherapy. However, increasing complexity of experimentally and therapeutically setups (charged particle, FLASH …) is associated with several confounding factors that must be taken into account when interpreting RIF values. In this review, we discuss the spatiotemporal characteristics of RIF development after irradiation, addressing the common confounding factors, including cell proliferation and foci merging. We also describe the relevant endpoints and mathematical models that enable accurate biological interpretation of RIF formation and resolution. Finally, we discuss the use of RIF as a biomarker for quantification and prediction of in vivo radiation responses, including important caveats relating to the choice of the biological endpoint and the detection method. This review intends to help scientific community design radiobiology experiments using RIF as a key metric and to provide suggestions for their biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Medical Physics Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Héger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eloise Pariset
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, 615 National Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 650 604 5343;
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Kaatsch HL, Becker BV, Schüle S, Ostheim P, Nestler K, Jakobi J, Schäfer B, Hantke T, Brockmann MA, Abend M, Waldeck S, Port M, Scherthan H, Ullmann R. Gene expression changes and DNA damage after ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood cells to various CT photon spectra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12060. [PMID: 34103547 PMCID: PMC8187728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy CT provides enhanced diagnostic power with similar or even reduced radiation dose as compared to single-energy CT. Its principle is based on the distinct physical properties of low and high energetic photons, which, however, may also affect the biological effectiveness and hence the extent of CT-induced cellular damage. Therefore, a comparative analysis of biological effectiveness of dual- and single-energy CT scans with focus on early gene regulation and frequency of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was performed. Blood samples from three healthy individuals were irradiated ex vivo with single-energy (80 kV and 150 kV) and dual-energy tube voltages (80 kV/Sn150kV) employing a modern dual source CT scanner resulting in Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) of 15.79-18.26 mGy and dose length product (DLP) of 606.7-613.8 mGy*cm. Non-irradiated samples served as a control. Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed 6 h after irradiation using whole transcriptome sequencing. DSB frequency was studied by 53BP1 + γH2AX co-immunostaining and microscopic evaluation of their focal accumulation at DSBs. Neither the analysis of gene expression nor DSB frequency provided any evidence for significantly increased biological effectiveness of dual-energy CT in comparison to samples irradiated with particular single-energy CT spectra. Relative to control, irradiated samples were characterized by a significantly higher rate of DSBs (p < 0.001) and the shared upregulation of five genes, AEN, BAX, DDB2, FDXR and EDA2R, which have already been suggested as radiation-induced biomarkers in previous studies. Despite steadily decreasing doses, CT diagnostics remain a genotoxic stressor with impact on gene regulation and DNA integrity. However, no evidence was found that varying X-ray spectra of CT impact the extent of cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Leonhard Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Jakobi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schäfer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hantke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Zastko L, Petrovičová P, Račková A, Jakl L, Jakušová V, Marková E, Belyaev I. DNA damage response and apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105127. [PMID: 33652125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
While hyperthermia (HT) is a promising modality for cancer treatment, the knowledge on mechanisms of its effect on cells is still limited. We have investigated DNA double-strand break (DSB) and apoptosis induced by HT. Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) were subjected to HT at 43 °C. We have treated cells for 1 h (1 h HT), 2 h (2 h HT) and by combined HT and ice treatment (both lasting 1 h). Enumeration of DSB by 53BP1/γH2AX DNA repair focus formation and early apoptosis by γH2AX pan-staining was conducted by automated fluorescent microscopy. Apoptotic stages and viability were assessed by the annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assay using flow cytometry 0, 18, and 42 h post-treatment. HT induced either immediate (2 h HT) or postponed (1 h HT) DNA damage. The levels of 53BP1 and γH2AX foci differed under the same treatment conditions, suggesting that the ratio of co-localized γH2AX/53BP1 foci to all γH2AX and also to all 53BP1 foci could be a valuable marker. The ratio of co-localized foci increased immediately after 2 h HT regardless the way of assessment. For the first time we show, by both annexin/PI and γH2AX pan-staining assay that apoptosis can be induced during or immediately after the 2 h HT treatment. Our results suggest that HT may induce DSB in dependence on treatment duration and post-treatment time due to inhibition of DNA repair pathways and that HT-induced apoptosis might be dependent or associated with DSB formation in human lymphocytes. Assessment of γH2AX pan-staining in lymphocytes affected by HT may represent a valuable marker of HT treatment side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucián Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Petrovičová
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Račková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Jakušová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4B, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Marková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Subedi P, Gomolka M, Moertl S, Dietz A. Ionizing Radiation Protein Biomarkers in Normal Tissue and Their Correlation to Radiosensitivity: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020140. [PMID: 33669522 PMCID: PMC7922485 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased immensely over the past years, owing to diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. However, certain radiosensitive individuals show toxic enhanced reaction to IR, and it is necessary to specifically protect them from unwanted exposure. Although predicting radiosensitivity is the way forward in the field of personalised medicine, there is limited information on the potential biomarkers. The aim of this systematic review is to identify evidence from a range of literature in order to present the status quo of our knowledge of IR-induced changes in protein expression in normal tissues, which can be correlated to radiosensitivity. Methods: Studies were searched in NCBI Pubmed and in ISI Web of Science databases and field experts were consulted for relevant studies. Primary peer-reviewed studies in English language within the time-frame of 2011 to 2020 were considered. Human non-tumour tissues and human-derived non-tumour model systems that have been exposed to IR were considered if they reported changes in protein levels, which could be correlated to radiosensitivity. At least two reviewers screened the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the studies against the eligibility criteria at the first phase and full texts of potential studies at the second phase. Similarly, at least two reviewers manually extracted the data and accessed the risk of bias (National Toxicology Program/Office for Health Assessment and Translation—NTP/OHAT) for the included studies. Finally, the data were synthesised narratively in accordance to synthesis without meta analyses (SWiM) method. Results: In total, 28 studies were included in this review. Most of the records (16) demonstrated increased residual DNA damage in radiosensitive individuals compared to normo-sensitive individuals based on γH2AX and TP53BP1. Overall, 15 studies included proteins other than DNA repair foci, of which five proteins were selected, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Caspase 3, p16INK4A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A), Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-1β, that were connected to radiosensitivity in normal tissue and were reported at least in two independent studies. Conclusions and implication of key findings: A majority of studies used repair foci as a tool to predict radiosensitivity. However, its correlation to outcome parameters such as repair deficient cell lines and patients, as well as an association to moderate and severe clinical radiation reactions, still remain contradictory. When IR-induced proteins reported in at least two studies were considered, a protein network was discovered, which provides a direction for further studies to elucidate the mechanisms of radiosensitivity. Although the identification of only a few of the commonly reported proteins might raise a concern, this could be because (i) our eligibility criteria were strict and (ii) radiosensitivity is influenced by multiple factors. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020220064).
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Shimura T, Nakashiro C, Narao M, Ushiyama A. Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers following whole-body irradiation in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240108. [PMID: 33002096 PMCID: PMC7529313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose assessment is an important issue for radiation emergency medicine to determine appropriate clinical treatment. Hematopoietic tissues are extremely vulnerable to radiation exposure. A decrease in blood cell count following radiation exposure is the first quantitative bio-indicator using hematological techniques. We further examined induction of oxidative stress biomarkers in residual lymphocytes to identify new biomarkers for dosimetry. In vivo whole-body radiation to mice exposed to 5 Gy significantly induces DNA double-strand breaks, which were visualized by γ-H2AX in mouse blood cells. Mouse blood smears and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from irradiated mice were used for immunostaining for oxidative biomarkers, parkin or Nrf2. Parkin is the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is normally localized in the cytoplasm, is relocated to abnormal mitochondria with low membrane potential (ΔΨm), where it promotes clearance via mitophagy. Nrf2 transcription factor controls the major cellular antioxidant responses. Both markers of oxidative stress were more sensitive and persistent over time than nuclear DNA damage. In conclusion, parkin and Nrf2 are potential biomarkers for use in radiation dosimetry. Identification of several biological markers which show different kinetics for radiation response is essential for radiation dosimetry that allows the assessment of radiation injury and efficacy of clinical treatment in emergency radiation incidents. Radiation-induced oxidative damage is useful not only for radiation dose assessment but also for evaluation of radiation risks on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Akira Ushiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
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13
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Bucher M, Duchrow L, Endesfelder D, Roessler U, Gomolka M. Comparison of inexperienced operators and experts in γH2A.X and 53BP1 foci assay for high-throughput biodosimetry approaches in a mass casualty incident. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1263-1273. [PMID: 32673132 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In case of population exposure by ionizing radiation, a fast and reliable dose assessment of exposed and non-exposed individuals is crucial important. In initial triage, physicians have to take fast decisions whom to treat with adequate medical care. In addition, worries about significant exposure can be taken away from hundreds to thousands non- or low exposed individuals. Studies have shown that the γH2A.X radiation-induced foci assay is a promising test for fast triage decisions. However, in a large-scale scenario most biodosimetry laboratories will quickly reach their capacity limit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of inexperienced experimenters to speed up the foci assay and manual foci scoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants of two training courses performed the radiation-induced foci assay (γH2A.X) under the guidance of experts and scored foci (γH2A.X and 53BP1) on sham-irradiated and irradiated blood samples (0.05-1.5 Gy). The outcome of laboratory experiments and manual foci scoring by 26 operators with basic experience in laboratory work was statistically analyzed in comparison to the results from experts. RESULTS Inexperienced operators prepared slides with significant dose-effects (0, 0.1 and 1.0 Gy) for semi-automatic microscopic analyses. Manual foci scoring by inexperienced scorer resulted in a dose-effect curve for γH2A.X, 53BP1 and co-localized foci. In addition, inexperienced scorers were able to distinguish low irradiation doses from unirradiated cells. While 53BP1 foci scoring was in accordance to the expert counting, differences between beginners and expert increased for γH2A.X or co-localized foci. CONCLUSIONS In case of a large-scale radiation event, inexperienced staff is useful to support laboratories in slide preparation for semi-automatic foci counting as well as γH2A.X and 53BP1 manual foci scoring for triage-mode biodosimetry. Slides can be clearly classified in the non-, low- or high-exposed category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bucher
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Duchrow
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Roessler
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Sakane H, Ishida M, Shi L, Fukumoto W, Sakai C, Miyata Y, Ishida T, Akita T, Okada M, Awai K, Tashiro S. Biological Effects of Low-Dose Chest CT on Chromosomal DNA. Radiology 2020; 295:439-445. [PMID: 32154776 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020190389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Although the National Lung Screening Trial reported a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality when low-dose (LD) CT chest examinations are used for a diagnosis, their biologic effects from radiation exposure remain unclear. Purpose To compare LD CT and standard-dose (SD) CT for DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods Between March 2016 and June 2018, 209 participants who were referred to a respiratory surgery department for chest CT studies were prospectively enrolled in this study. Individuals were excluded if they had undergone radiography examinations within the last 3 days or had undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before and 15 minutes after CT. The number of γ-H2AX foci and unstable CAs in lymphocytes was quantified by immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX and by fluorescence in situ hybridization by using peptide nucleic acid probes for centromeres and telomeres, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Results Of the 209 participants (105 women, 104 men; mean age, 67.0 years ± 11.3 [standard deviation]), 107 underwent chest LD CT and 102 underwent chest SD CT. Sex distribution, age, and body size metrics were similar between the two groups. The median effective dose of LD CT and SD CT was 1.5 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. The number of double-strand breaks and CAs increased after a SD CT examination (γ-H2AX, P < .001; CAs, P = .003); the number of double-strand breaks and CAs before and after LD CT was not different (γ-H2AX, P = .45; CAs, P = .69). Conclusion No effect of low-dose CT on human DNA was detected. In the same setting, DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations increased after standard-dose CT. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Brenner in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sakane
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Mari Ishida
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Lin Shi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Wataru Fukumoto
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Morihito Okada
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Kazuo Awai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
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15
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Jakl L, Marková E, Koláriková L, Belyaev I. Biodosimetry of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Using DNA Repair Foci in Human Lymphocytes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010058. [PMID: 31947954 PMCID: PMC7016656 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. This study analyzed effect of low dose ionizing radiation on residual IRIF in human lymphocytes to the aim of potential biodosimetry and possible extrapolation of high-dose γH2AX/53BP1 effects to low doses and compared kinetics of DSB and IRIF. We also analyzed whether DNaseI, which is used for reducing of clumps, affects the IRIF level. Materials and Methods: The cryopreserved human lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB) were thawed with/without DNaseI, γ-irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, and 50 cGy and γH2AX/53BP1 foci were analyzed 30 min, 2 h, and 22 h post-irradiation using appropriate antibodies. We also analyzed kinetics of DSB using PFGE. Results: No significant difference was observed between data obtained by γH2AX foci evaluation in cells that were irradiated by low doses and data obtained by extrapolation from higher doses. Residual 53BP1 foci induced by low doses significantly outreached the data extrapolated from irradiation by higher doses. 53BP1 foci induced by low dose-radiation remain longer at DSB loci than foci induced by higher doses. There was no significant effect of DNaseI on DNA repair foci. Conclusions: Primary γH2AX, 53BP1 foci and their co-localization represent valuable markers for biodosimetry of low doses, but their usefulness is limited by short time window. Residual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci are more useful markers for biodosimetry in vitro. Effects of low doses can be extrapolated from high dose using γH2AX residual foci while γH2AX/53BP1 foci are valuable markers for evaluation of initial DSB induced by ionizing radiation. Residual IRIF induced by low doses persist longer time than those induced by higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Jakl
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59327321; Fax: +421-2-59327305
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16
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Belmans N, Gilles L, Virag P, Hedesiu M, Salmon B, Baatout S, Lucas S, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Moreels M. Method validation to assess in vivo cellular and subcellular changes in buccal mucosa cells and saliva following CBCT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180428. [PMID: 30912976 PMCID: PMC6747439 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique used in dental medicine. However, there are no conclusive data available indicating that exposure to X-ray doses used by CBCT are harmless. We aim, for the first time, to characterize the potential age-dependent cellular and subcellular effects related to exposure to CBCT imaging. Current objective is to describe and validate the protocol for characterization of cellular and subcellular changes after diagnostic CBCT. METHODS Development and validation of a dedicated two-part protocol: 1) assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosal (BM) cells and 2) oxidative stress measurements in saliva samples. BM cells and saliva samples are collected prior to and 0.5 h after CBCT examination. BM cells are also collected 24 h after CBCT examination. DNA DSBs are monitored in BM cells via immunocytochemical staining for γH2AX and 53BP1. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and total antioxidant capacity are measured in saliva to assess oxidative damage. RESULTS Validation experiments show that sufficient BM cells are collected (97.1 ± 1.4 %) and that γH2AX/53BP1 foci can be detected before and after CBCT examination. Collection and analysis of saliva samples, either sham exposed or exposed to IR, show that changes in 8-oxo-dG and total antioxidant capacity can be detected in saliva samples after CBCT examination. CONCLUSION The DIMITRA Research Group presents a two-part protocol to analyze potential age-related biological differences following CBCT examinations. This protocol was validated for collecting BM cells and saliva and for analyzing these samples for DNA DSBs and oxidative stress markers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liese Gilles
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Piroska Virag
- ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Department of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine, Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- University of Namur, Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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17
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Bernier MO, Baysson H, Pearce MS, Moissonnier M, Cardis E, Hauptmann M, Struelens L, Dabin J, Johansen C, Journy N, Laurier D, Blettner M, Le Cornet L, Pokora R, Gradowska P, Meulepas JM, Kjaerheim K, Istad T, Olerud H, Sovik A, Bosch de Basea M, Thierry-Chef I, Kaijser M, Nordenskjöld A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Harbron RW, Kesminiene A. Cohort Profile: the EPI-CT study: a European pooled epidemiological study to quantify the risk of radiation-induced cancer from paediatric CT. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:379-381g. [PMID: 30388267 PMCID: PMC6469297 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Bernier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health & Society
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jeremie Dabin
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Department, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Neige Journy
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucian Le Cornet
- Section of Environment and Radiation, IARC, Lyon, France
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Pokora
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrycja Gradowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Meulepas
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tore Istad
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | - Hilde Olerud
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
- Department of Physics, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aste Sovik
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | | | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Section of Environment and Radiation, IARC, Lyon, France
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magnus Kaijser
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Nordenskjöld
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Richard W Harbron
- Institute of Health & Society
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Trajkova K, Dilevska I, Petkovska R, Trajkov D, Kroneis T, Schwinger W, Sorantin E. The influence of the iodinate contrast medium during CT: Single center experience - Development of two competitive in-house methods for automated quantification of DDSB. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2019. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2019.65.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation may ultimately lead to cell death or initiate cancer cells development. Today it is difficult to estimate what the actual damage to the human body will be, given the fact that today in the world the number of diagnostic procedures using radiation and iodine contrast media is increasing, and the existence of a number of factors that can affect the radiation dose in vivo. At the same time, development of new methods is required, which can determine in a much shorter time what will be the effect of diagnostic radiation on the DNA molecule. For these purposes we develop two competitive inhouse methods for automated quantification of DNA double strand brakes (DDSB) in peripheral blood lymphocytes: immunofluorescence determining of γH2AX with stained microscopic slides and determining the occurrence of DDSB with the flow cytometry. Our initial results shown that computed tomography (CT) can cause damage in the DNA molecule in the form of DDSB, the existence of linear dependence with the increase in low and high range of CTDI and the number of γH2AX, and that iodine contrast media can increase the occurrence of DNA double strand brakes.
Keywords: CT examinations, ICM, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, DDSB
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Affiliation(s)
- Klimentina Trajkova
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Dilevska
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rumenka Petkovska
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Dejan Trajkov
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schwinger
- Division of pediatric hematology/oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2 – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
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19
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Virag P, Hedesiu M, Soritau O, Perde-Schrepler M, Brie I, Pall E, Fischer-Fodor E, Bogdan L, Lucaciu O, Belmans N, Moreels M, Salmon B, Jacobs R. Low-dose radiations derived from cone-beam CT induce transient DNA damage and persistent inflammatory reactions in stem cells from deciduous teeth. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 48:20170462. [PMID: 30168750 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cone-beam CT (CBCT), a radiographic tool for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in dental practice, was introduced also in pediatric radiology, especially orthodontics. Such patients subjected to repetitive X-rays examinations may receive substantial levels of radiation doses. Ionizing radiation (IR), a recognized carcinogenic factor causing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) could be harmful to undifferentiated cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) since inaccurately repaired or unrepaired DSBs may lead to malignant transformation. The H2AX and MRE11 proteins generated following DSBs formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CKs) secreted after irradiation are relevant candidates to monitor the cellular responses induced by CBCT. METHODS DPSCs were extracted from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and their phenotype was assessed by immunocytochemistry and flow-cytometry. Cells were exposed to IR doses: 5.4-107.7 mGy, corresponding to 0.5-8 consecutive skull exposures, respectively. H2AX and MRE11 were detected in whole cells, while IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα in supernatants, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points after exposure. RESULTS The phosphorylation level of H2AX in DPSCs increased considerably at 0.5 h after exposure (p < 0.001 for 3, 5, 8 skull exposures and p < 0.05 for 1 skull exposure, respectively). MRE11 response could only be detected for the highest IR dose (p < 0.001) in the same interval. CKs secretion increased upon CBCT exposure according to doses and time. CONCLUSIONS The DPSCs exposure to CBCT induces transient DNA damage and persistent inflammatory reaction in DPSCs drawing the attention on the potential risks of IR exposures and on the importance of dose monitoring in pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piroska Virag
- The Oncology Institute "Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuta", Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- The Oncology Institute "Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuta", Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Perde-Schrepler
- The Oncology Institute "Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuta", Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Brie
- The Oncology Institute "Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuta", Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emoke Pall
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj- Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- The Oncology Institute "Prof.Dr.Ion Chiricuta", Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Bogdan
- Radiation Hygiene Department, National Institute of Public Health, Regional Center of Public Health Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niels Belmans
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- EA2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Department of Odontology, AP-HP, Nord Val de Seine Hospital (Bretonneau), Paris, France
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Eakins JS, Ainsbury EA. Quantities for assessing high doses to the body: a short review of the current status. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2018; 38:731-742. [PMID: 29692365 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aabffe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue reactions are the most clinically significant consequences of high-dose exposures to ionizing radiation. However, there is currently no universally recognized or recommended dose quantity that can be used to assess generalized risks to individuals following whole body exposures in the high-dose range. This is particularly problematic in emergency response situations, for example, following external exposures of large numbers of individuals: in attempts to relate the triage dosemeter absorbed dose to the risk to the individual, such that a 'dose' may subsequently be reported to medical professionals, it is necessary to first agree on the quantity to be reported. The current paper presents a brief review of the likely scenarios and emergency dosimetry techniques that require such a quantity, before examining the biological constraints and requirements that might underpin any future definition. The aim of this work is to outline the arguments for developing a commonly agreed dose quantity for reporting high-dose radiation exposures.
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21
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Pustovalova M, Astrelina ТA, Grekhova A, Vorobyeva N, Tsvetkova A, Blokhina T, Nikitina V, Suchkova Y, Usupzhanova D, Brunchukov V, Kobzeva I, Karaseva Т, Ozerov IV, Samoylov A, Bushmanov A, Leonov S, Izumchenko E, Zhavoronkov A, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2397-2410. [PMID: 29165316 PMCID: PMC5723693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) exposure (10-100 mGy) remain unknown. Here we present a comparative study of early (less than 24h) and delayed (up to 11 post-irradiation passages) radiation effects caused by low (80 mGy) vs intermediate (1000 mGy) dose X-ray exposure in cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that γН2АХ foci induced by an intermediate dose returned back to the control value by 24 h post-irradiation. In contrast, low-dose irradiation resulted in residual γН2АХ foci still present at 24 h. Notably, these low dose induced residual γН2АХ foci were not co-localized with рАТМ foci and were observed predominantly in the proliferating Кi67 positive (Кi67+) cells. The number of γН2АХ foci and the fraction of nonproliferating (Кi67-) and senescent (SA-β-gal+) cells measured at passage 11 were increased in cultures exposed to an intermediate dose compared to unirradiated controls. These delayed effects were not seen in the progeny of cells that were irradiated with low-dose X-rays, although such exposure resulted in residual γН2АХ foci in directly irradiated cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the low-dose IR induced residual γH2AХ foci do not play a role in delayed irradiation consequences, associated with cellular senescence in cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Тatiana A Astrelina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Tsvetkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Taisia Blokhina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria Nikitina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Yulia Suchkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Daria Usupzhanova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Vitalyi Brunchukov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Тatiana Karaseva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aleksandr Samoylov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushmanov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J1P0, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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22
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Vandevoorde C, Depuydt J, Veldeman L, De Neve W, Sebastià N, Wieme G, Baert A, De Langhe S, Philippé J, Thierens H, Vral A. In vitro cellular radiosensitivity in relationship to late normal tissue reactions in breast cancer patients: a multi-endpoint case-control study. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:823-836. [PMID: 27586010 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1230238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A minority of patients exhibits severe late normal tissue toxicity after radiotherapy (RT), possibly related to their inherent individual radiation sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate four different candidate in vitro cellular radiosensitivity assays for prediction of late normal tissue reactions, in a retrospective matched case-control set-up of breast cancer patients. METHODS The study population consists of breast cancer patients expressing severe radiation toxicity (12 cases) and no or minimal reactions (12 controls), with a follow-up for at least 3 years. Late adverse reactions were evaluated by comparing standardized photographs pre- and post-RT resulting in an overall cosmetic score and by clinical examination using the LENT-SOMA scale. Four cellular assays on peripheral blood lymphocytes reported to be associated with normal tissue reactions were performed after in vitro irradiation of patient blood samples to compare case and control radiation responses: radiation-induced CD8+ late apoptosis, residual DNA double-strand breaks, G0 and G2 micronucleus assay. RESULTS A significant difference was observed for all cellular endpoints when matched cases and controls were compared both pairwise and grouped. However, it is important to point out that most case-control pairs showed a substantial overlap in standard deviations, which questions the predictive value of the individual assays. The apoptosis assay performed best, with less apoptosis seen in CD8+ lymphocytes of the cases (average: 14.45%) than in their matched controls (average: 30.64%) for 11 out of 12 patient pairs (p < .01). The number of residual DNA DSB was higher in cases (average: 9.92 foci/cell) compared to their matched control patients (average: 9.17 foci/cell) (p < .01). The average dose response curve of the G0 MN assay for cases lies above the average dose response curve of the controls. Finally, a pairwise comparison of the G2 MN results showed a higher MN yield for cases (average: 351 MN/1000BN) compared to controls (average: 219 MN/1000BN) in 9 out of 10 pairs (p < .01). CONCLUSION This matched case-control study in breast cancer patients, using different endpoints for in vitro cellular radiosensitivity related to DNA repair and apoptosis, suggests that patients' intrinsic radiosensitivity is involved in the development of late normal tissue reactions after RT. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate the retrospective findings and to use in vitro cellular assays in the future to predict late normal tissue radiosensitivity and discriminate individuals with marked RT responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlot Vandevoorde
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium.,b National Research Foundation (NRF) , iThemba LABS , Somerset West , South Africa
| | - Julie Depuydt
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Liv Veldeman
- c Department of Radiotherapy , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wilfried De Neve
- c Department of Radiotherapy , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Natividad Sebastià
- d Radiation Protection Service , IISLAFE , Valencia , Spain.,e Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI230 , IISLAFE , Valencia , Spain
| | - Greet Wieme
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium.,f Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Annelot Baert
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Sofie De Langhe
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- g Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Hubert Thierens
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
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23
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Badie C, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H, Kulka U. Established and Emerging Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:619-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Jakl L, Lobachevsky P, Vokálová L, Durdík M, Marková E, Belyaev I. Validation of JCountPro software for efficient assessment of ionizing radiation-induced foci in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:766-773. [PMID: 27648492 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1222093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive and specific assay for assessing DNA double-strand break (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to phosphorylated γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, JCountPro software was validated for IRIF enumeration in two independent laboratories. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at doses of 0, 2, 5, 10 and 50 cGy. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with automatic Metafer system. Endogenous and radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using JCountPro. This analysis was performed from the same cell galleries by the researchers from two laboratories. Yield of foci was analyzed by either arithmetic mean (AM) value (foci/cell) or principal average (PA) derived from the approximation of foci distribution with Poisson statistics. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA. RESULTS Enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX and co-localized 53BP1/γH2AX foci by JCountPro was essentially the same between laboratories. IRIF were detected at all doses and linear dose response was obtained in the studied dose range. PA values from Poisson distribution fitted the data better as compared to AM values and were more powerful and sensitive for IRIF analysis than the AM values. All JCountPro data were confirmed by visual focus enumeration. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the JCountPro software was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF regardless of an individual researcher's bias and has a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Jakl
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Pavel Lobachevsky
- b Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Lenka Vokálová
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,c Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Matúš Durdík
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Eva Marková
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,d Laboratory of Radiobiology , General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science , Moscow , Russia
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