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Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Heshmati J, Pirjani R, Moini A, Shafaatdoost M, Esmaeili M, Mardi-Mamaghani A, Nachvak SM, Sepidarkish M. The potential causal effect of the pre-pregnancy dietary phytochemical index on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38943050 PMCID: PMC11212247 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on the metabolism of glucose. This study aimed to clarify the possible causal effect of the pre-pregnancy dietary phytochemical index (DPI) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS In this prospective cohort study 1,856 pregnant women aged 18-45 years who were in their first trimester, were recruited and followed up until delivery. The dietary intakes of participants were examined using an interviewer-administered validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) of propensity scores (PS), estimated from the generalized boosted model (GBM) were used to obtain a adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for potential confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 369 (19.88%) women were diagnosed with GDM. DPI scores ranged from 6.09 to 89.45. There was no association between DPI scores and GDM (aRR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.08; p trend = 0.922). When comparing DPI quartile 4 (most pro-phytochemical content) to quartile 1 (few phytochemical contents), there was no significant difference between them (aRR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.25; p = 0.852). Also, there was no significant difference between DPI quartile 3 and quartile 1 (aRR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.34; p = 0.741) as well as DPI quartile 2 and quartile 1 (aRR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.21; p = 0.593). CONCLUSIONS Although this data did not support the association between pre-pregnancy DPI scores and GDM, further cohort studies to ascertain the causal association between them are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shafaatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Esmaeili
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Mardi-Mamaghani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Population, Family and Spiritual Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Hosseini S, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Habitual coffee drinking and the chance of prediabetes remission: findings from a population with low coffee consumption. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:817-824. [PMID: 38932836 PMCID: PMC11196487 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate the association between coffee drinking and total caffeine intakes with the chance of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression over 9-years of follow-up. Research design and methods This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 ± 12.8 years and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008). A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed habitual coffee consumption. All measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-year follow-up intervals. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Pre-DM regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in coffee drinkers/non-drinkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results During the study follow-up 39.8% of the study participants were progressed to T2D and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Coffee consumption nearly doubled the chance of returning to normal (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.03-4.97). Total caffeine intake was not related to Pre-DM progression and regression. Compared to non-drinkers, coffee drinkers had significantly lower 2-hour serum glucose concentrations over time (152, 95% CI = 144-159 vs. 162, 95% CI = 155-169 mg/dL, P = 0.05). Conclusions Habitual coffee drinking may increase the chance of returning to normal glycemia in Pre-DM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hosseini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Usual intake of dairy products and the chance of pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38594262 PMCID: PMC11004158 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the possible effect of usual dairy consumption on pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) remission or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Pre-DM adults (n = 334, mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) were assessed for dairy intakes (2006-2008) and followed up to 9 years for incidence of T2D or normal glycemia (NG). All biochemical measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-y follow-up intervals. Multinomial regression models with adjustment of confounding variables were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D and NG for each serving/d dairy consumption. RESULTS The odds of NG was significantly elevated by 69% (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.00-2.86, P = 0.05) per 200 g/d increased high-fat dairy intake, while the amount of total dairy or low-fat dairy was not related to the outcomes. Higher intakes of yogurt were more likely to be associated with an increased odds of NG (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.20-2.74, P = 0.01). Usual intakes of milk, cheese, or cream-butter were not associated to Pre-DM remission or progression to T2D. CONCLUSION Regular dairy consumption may increase the chance of Pre-DM regression to NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tirani SA, Lotfi K, Shahdadian F, Hajhashemy Z, Rouhani P, Saneei P. Dietary Phytochemical Index in Relation to Metabolic Health Status, Serum Adropin, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102103. [PMID: 38440363 PMCID: PMC10909649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. Objectives Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that dietary phytochemical index (DPI) improves metabolic health status by ameliorating serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 527 adults (286 males and 241 females). The dietary intakes of participants were collected by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and DPI was estimated as a percentage of energy intake derived from phytochemical-rich foods. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, and biochemical variables were assessed. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on the definition presented by Wildman et al. Results The MU phenotype was identified in 51.4% of male and 32.0% of female participants. Participants in the third tertile of DPI had 59% lower odds of MU than those in the first tertile (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) after considering potential confounders. Stratified analysis by sex and body mass index indicated that DPI was inversely related to MU phenotype in females (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.97) and normal-weight individuals (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62). DPI was also inversely associated with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and chronic inflammation. Nonsignificant reduced odds of low BDNF (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.84) and adropin (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.79) were observed in individuals in the top tertile of DPI compared with those in the bottom tertile. Conclusions This study showed that individuals with higher dietary intake of phytochemicals had lower odds of MU, particularly females and normal-weight individuals. No significant relationship was observed between serum BDNF and adropin with phytochemical intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Darbandi M, Khamoushi F, Najafi F, Soleimani D, Moradi M, Shakiba E, Pasdar Y. Association of plant-based dietary patterns with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using cross-sectional results from RaNCD cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3814. [PMID: 38360842 PMCID: PMC10869829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in middle- and low-income countries, and this disease is a burden on public health systems. Notably, dietary components are crucial regulatory factors in T2DM. Plant-based dietary patterns and certain food groups, such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables, and fruits, are inversely correlated with diabetes incidence. We conducted the present study to determine the association between adherence to a plant-based diet and the risk of diabetes among adults. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based RaNCD cohort study involving 3401 men and 3699 women. The plant-based diet index (PDI) was developed using a 118-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the PDI score and the risk of T2DM. A total of 7100 participants with a mean age of 45.96 ± 7.78 years were analysed. The mean PDI scores in the first, second, and third tertiles (T) were 47.13 ± 3.41, 54.44 ± 1.69, and 61.57 ± 3.24, respectively. A lower PDI was significantly correlated with a greater incidence of T2DM (T1 = 7.50%, T2 = 4.85%, T3 = 4.63%; P value < 0.001). Higher PDI scores were associated with significantly increased intakes of fibre, vegetables, fruits, olives, olive oil, legumes, soy products, tea/coffee, whole grains, nuts, vitamin E, vitamin C, and omega-6 fatty acids (P value < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds of having T2DM were significantly lower (by 30%) at T3 of the PDI than at T1 (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.96; P value < 0.001). Our data suggest that adhering to plant-based diets comprising whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea/coffee can be recommended today to reduce the risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Ala Cancer Control and Prevention Centre, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Khamoushi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moradi
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mehranfar S, Jalilpiran Y, Ejtahed HS, Seif E, Shahrestanaki E, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Esmaeili-Abdar M, Larijani B, Qorbani M. Association of dietary phytochemical index with cardiometabolic risk factors. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:559-576. [PMID: 35997240 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Cardio-metabolic risk factors are becoming a global health concern. To address this problem, one of the proposed ways is to focus on phytochemical-rich foods consumption. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the results of observational studies (cohorts, case-control, and cross-sectional) that investigated the association between dietary phytochemical index (PI) as a new index for evaluating phytochemical-rich food intake and various risk factors of cardio-metabolic disorders. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The literature search was performed up to August 2021 with no publication year restriction on observational studies investigating the association between PI and cardiometabolic risk factors on adults and children. A random-effect meta-analysis was used. Results: Overall, 16 articles (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) were eligible for this systematic review and 8 studies with 99771 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Random effect meta-analysis showed that adherence to higher dietary PI decrease the odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.88, I2: 84.90), generalized obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98, I2: 68.10), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89, I2: 0.00), hypertension (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99, I2: 7.02), and MetS (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.88, I2: 84.90). However, results considering the associations between dietary PI with glycemic indices, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Evidence showed adverse associations between dietary PI and some cardio-metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehranfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seif
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shahrestanaki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Esmaeili-Abdar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Darabi Z, Vasmehjani AA, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. Dietary phytochemical index and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:126. [PMID: 37950329 PMCID: PMC10638696 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of plant foods and phytochemicals can decrease the odds of mental health. AIM The aim of study is to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in a large sample of Iranian adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7385 adults aged 20-50 years old were provided from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study, a population-based cohort research on Iranian adults. Food intakes were assessed via a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using a validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales questionnaire with 21-items. DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, normal weight subjects in the highest tertile of DPI had lower odds of depression (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44-0.97) and anxiety symptoms (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45-0.93) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the apparent association was not found between depression, anxiety and stress in overweight and obese subjects. CONCLUSION We found a significant association between DPI and mental health in normal weight adults. Prospective studies are required to approve these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aazam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Gamba M, Roa-Diaz ZM, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Bano A, Muka T, Franco OH, Marques-Vidal P. Association between dietary phytochemical index, cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in Switzerland. The CoLaus study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2220-2232. [PMID: 37598028 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant-based diets are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) and lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), probably via phytochemicals acting synergistically. However, dietary phytochemical content estimation is challenging; therefore, the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was proposed as a practical way to assess total dietary phytochemical content from phytochemical-rich foods (PRFs). We evaluated the association between DPI with CRFs and MetS and its components. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis of 2009-2012 data of Colaus cohort study (Lausanne, Switzerland), including 3879 participants (mean age 57.6 ± 10.4 years, 53.5% women). Dietary intake was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated as the total energy intake percentage obtained from PRFs consumption and assessed as quartiles. Associations were determined using multivariable linear and logistic regression for CRFs and MetS, respectively. Median DPI value was 25.5 (interquartile range: 17.7-34.6). After multivariable-adjusted analyses, significant inverse associations were observed between the last two highest DPI quartiles and waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), insulin, leptin, and hs-CRP. No significant associations were observed for MetS or its components except for central obesity, as subjects in the highest DPI quartile had lower odds (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97) than those in lowest quartile. CONCLUSION A diet high in PRFs assessed via DPI is associated with lower WC, BMI, insulin, leptin, hs-CRP values, and lower odds of central obesity, indicating a potential protective effect of phytochemical intake on these CRFs and highlighting the importance of high PRFs intake in promoting cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Zayne M Roa-Diaz
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Arjola Bano
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Global Public Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lari A, Shidfar F, Aminianfar A, Keshteli AH, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P, Mehravar F. Dietary intake of phytochemicals in association with irritable bowel syndrome in adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:158-165. [PMID: 37739651 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM There is limited data regarding the association between phytochemical-rich diets and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The current study aimed to cross-sectionally evaluate the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with the odds and severity of IBS. METHODS In this study, which included 3362 Iranian healthcare staffs, a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ) was utilized to collect dietary information. The DPI was defined as the daily percentage of calories consumed from phytochemical-rich foods. The IBS assessment was performed using a revised Iranian version of the Rome III questionnaire. We applied the restricted cubic spline (RCS) to detect the possible non-linear dependency of the relationship between DPI and the odds of IBS. RESULTS The mean age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and DPI scores of the participants were 36.29 ± 7.8 years, 24.90 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and 16.07 ± 9.01, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, no significant association was observed between DPI and odds of IBS in the whole study population or in gender- and BMI-stratified analyses. We found a significant inverse association between DPI and IBS severity in the study population (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.98). Concerning gender, such an association was only found in women (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44-0.96). However, there was no significant relationship between DPI and IBS severity in BMI subgroups. In addition, we found no meaningful relationship between DPI and IBS subtypes. The RCS model showed that there is no non-linear relationship between DPI classification and IBS (non-linear test, χ2 = 1.14, Pnon-linearity = 0.513). CONCLUSIONS Higher phytochemical intake was associated with reduced IBS severity, particularly in women. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Iran
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10
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Mohtashaminia F, Hosseini F, Jayedi A, Mirmohammadkhani M, Emadi A, Takfallah L, Shab-Bidar S. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:647. [PMID: 37684573 PMCID: PMC10486001 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data is available on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet during early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) in countries located in the Middle East, one of the regions with the highest prevalence of GDM. METHODS A total of 647 pregnant mothers were included in the present prospective birth cohort study in Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a 90-item food frequency questionnaire during the first trimester of pregnancy. Cases of GDM were ascertained by a two-step approach with a 50-g screen followed by a 100-g oral glucose tolerance for those who tested positive. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95%CI of GDM across tertiles of the Mediterranean diet score, while controlling for a wide range of potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 647 pregnant mothers were included, of whom 77 mothers were diagnosed with GDM during their pregnancy. The average age of the mothers was 28.8 ± 5.1 years. In the multivariable analysis, being in the third tertile of the score of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 41% lower risk of developing GDM as compared to those in the first tertile (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet during early pregnancy may be associated with a lower risk of developing GDM in Iranian women. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Leila Takfallah
- Department of Midwifery, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Ahmadi B, Ramezani Ahmadi A, Jafari M, Morshedzadeh N. The association of dietary phytochemical index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4010-4019. [PMID: 37457157 PMCID: PMC10345673 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods relates to the prevention of chronic diseases. In this study we assessed the dietary phytochemical index (PI) in metabolic parameters, liver enzymes, and severity of fibrosis among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 patients with NAFLD. Fibrosis-4 index (FLB4), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), FBS, lipids profile, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT were measured. PI was calculated through the information obtained from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency. Multiple regression models were used to estimate mean difference changes in the evaluated variables associated with various dietary PI. Participants' mean ± SD of age and BMI were 39.23 ± 10.52 and 24.40 ± 2.64, respectively. We found that DPI is inversely associated with serum TG, TC, and LDL-C and directly associated with serum HDL-C and a higher score in DPI is associated with lower scores in NFS and FIB-4. Multivariate linear regression showed that there is an inverse association between DPI and AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, NFS, and FIB-4. Higher dietary PI could impact on reduction of NAFLD progression and improvement of metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Ahmadi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Mohamadreza Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Nava Morshedzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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12
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Bentyaghoob S, Dehghani F, Alimohammadi A, Shateri Z, Kahrizsangi MA, Nejad ET, Nouri M, Rashidkhani B. Oxidative balance score and dietary phytochemical index can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in Iranian population. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:183. [PMID: 37231404 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous study has assessed the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with colorectal cancer (CRC) simultaneously. Therefore, this study investigated the association between OBS and DPI with the odds of CRC among the Iranian population. METHODS This hospital-based age and sex-matched case-control study was conducted between September 2008 and January 2010 (142 controls and 71 cases were entered for analysis). New diagnosed CRC cases were selected from the Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran. Dietary intakes were determined by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Then, dietary indices were calculated by food items and nutrient intake. Logistic regression was utilized for assessing the tertiles of OBS and DPI. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, OBS was associated with a 77% reduction in CRC odds in the last tertile than the first tertile (odds ratio (OR) = 0.23, confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.72, Ptrend = 0.017). Also, we found a 64% reduction in CRC odds in the last tertile of DPI compared to the first tertile (OR = 0.36, CI: 0.15-0.86, Ptrend = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in phytochemicals and anti-oxidants, including fruits and vegetables (citrus fruits, colored berries, and dark-green leafy vegetables) and whole grains, may reduce the CRC odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Bentyaghoob
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dehghani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Alimohammadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini Kahrizsangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Tavassoli Nejad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Han YJ, Baek JH, Jung SK, Yang JS, Shin NR, Park MY. Association between the Dietary Phytochemical Index and Lower Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Preschoolers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2439. [PMID: 37299402 PMCID: PMC10255342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding Korean preschooler dietary phytochemical index (DPIs). We used the 24 h recall data of 1196 participants aged 3-5 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study the association between dietary food intake and obesity prevalence. The amount of dietary intake by food group was compared according to sex and DPI quartile. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models. The average total DPI and energy from phytochemical food groups were not significantly different according to sex, although boys had a higher total daily food intake. Different inclinations between DPI quartiles and amount of intake were observed in the food groups; specifically, beans showed a higher intake difference between Q1 and Q4 for boys than in the other food groups. The highest DPI quartile had a significantly lower obesity prevalence than the lowest DPI quartile in all models for boys only when obesity prevalence by weight percentile was analyzed (Model 3, OR: 0.287, 95% CI: 0.095-0.868, p for trend < 0.05). Our results suggest a high DPI could help prevent obesity in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Hyun Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Woori Children’s Hospital, Seoul 08291, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.B.); (S.-K.J.)
| | - Seong-Kwan Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Woori Children’s Hospital, Seoul 08291, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.B.); (S.-K.J.)
| | - Joshua SungWoo Yang
- Healthcare Development Head, R&D Center, NGeneBio Inc., Seoul 08390, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (N.-R.S.)
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- Healthcare Development Head, R&D Center, NGeneBio Inc., Seoul 08390, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (N.-R.S.)
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hamedi-Shahraki S, Jowshan MR, Zolghadrpour MA, Amirkhizi F, Asghari S. Dietary phytochemical index is favorably associated with oxidative stress status and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7035. [PMID: 37120685 PMCID: PMC10148862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods. Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases prevention in various populations. To quantify the phytochemical content of the diet, dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was established which is defined as the proportion of daily energy intake derived from foods rich in phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the DPI and oxidative stress markers and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 140 adults aged 20-60 years and body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 were included. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect information on dietary intakes. The DPI was calculated based on the following formula: DPI = [daily energy obtained from foods rich in phytochemicals (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal) × 100]. There was an inverse association between DPI and serum concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.004), triglyceride (TG) (P-trend = 0.003), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.017), and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P = 0.024). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was positively associated with DPI score (P = 0.045). No significant relationship was found between the DPI score and fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and anthropometric parameters as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The current study found that there was a significant inverse association between DPI and oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertriglyceridemia as cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese population. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Jowshan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St.,, No#44, Keshavarz Blvd, 141556117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St.,, No#44, Keshavarz Blvd, 141556117, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Bahrampour N, Mirzababaei A, Hosseininasab D, Abaj F, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. High intake of dietary phytochemical index may be related to reducing risk of diabetic nephropathy: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 36647176 PMCID: PMC9841724 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is involved in 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes, Phytochemical index (PI) foods are known as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Higher intake of phytochemicals can improve glucose tolerance, hypertension and complications of DN. This study sought to discern the relationship between dietary PI and DN. METHODS This was a case-control study which was conducted between 210 diabetic women. General characteristics, blood pressure, biochemical serum levels, and anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed via short form of physical activity questionnaire and 147 items-validated food frequency questionnaires, respectively. Then, PI was calculated through method of McCarty and divided to 2 groups of lower and higher of median. Independent samples T tests were used to identify differences in quantitative variables. To investigate the relationship between dietary PI and risk of DN, logistic regression was used. The odds ratio (OR) of DN, and its 95% confidence interval (CI), in each groups of PI were shown. RESULTS The percentage of daily intake of energy from fruits and vegetables were higher than the other sources of phytochemical rich foods. Higher consumption of vitamin A was seen in higher group of PI among the control group, after adjusting for energy intake. In the higher adherence of median of dietary PI group, intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains, and olives of controls were higher than cases. In addition, soy consumption was statistically different between lower and higher adherence of median of dietary PI among cases. There was an inverse relationship between dietary PI and risk of DN (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.77; P = 0.04). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant, albeit with lower odds of having DN (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.36; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Finally, the present study found evidence indicating an inverse relationship between consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals and risk of DN in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Bahrampour
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Hosseininasab
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
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Craddock JC, Neale EP, Peoples GE, Probst YC. Examining dietary behaviours, diet quality, motives and supplementation use in physically active individuals following vegetarian-based eating patterns. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:473-487. [PMID: 36352440 PMCID: PMC10098725 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of vegetarian-based dietary patterns among athletes has been gaining popularity. However, limited research examines the dietary behaviours within this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine self-reported dietary behaviours in a cohort of physically active individuals following vegetarian-based dietary patterns, recruited via social media. A 52-item online survey was created with questions related to demographics, physical activity, eating patterns and supplementation use. An external link to the Australian Automated Self-Administered 24-h (ASA24-AU) recall was included to examine nutrient intakes. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) tools. A total of 781 (84.8%) respondents completed the survey in 2018. Principal motives for adhering to a vegetarian-based dietary pattern included animal rights (86.5%), environmental concerns (75.4%), health reasons (69.6%) and improving physical performance (24.1%). Vitamin B12 was the most commonly reported supplement (58.1%) followed by protein powder (36.3%) and vitamin D (35.9%). A total of 133 respondents completed the ASA24-AU dietary recall with generally adequate nutrient intakes and a high-quality diet as assessed by the AHEI-2010 and DPI. A significant minority of physically active individuals following vegetarian-based diets do so with the aspiration of improving their exercise performance. Dietary quality was considered high in this group for recreational physical activity, although intakes of vitamin B12 and LC n-3 PUFA were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Craddock
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory E Peoples
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Teymoori F, Mokhtari E, Taghiyar M, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmiran P. Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study among Iranian adults. Complement Ther Med 2022; 71:102881. [PMID: 36031025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study aimed to compare DPI in patients with NAFLD and the control group. METHODS This is a case-control study of 250 subjects with NAFLD and 450 healthy subjects attending the Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center as a referral center affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. DPI was calculated based on data collected from a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and waist circumference were determined. RESULTS In the final adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of NAFLD across the DPI tertiles decreased significantly (OR = 0.55, 95 %CI = 0.31-0.95) (P-trend = 0.03). The highest vs. lowest tertiles of vegetable and olives PI were significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (OR and 95 % CI = 0.26 (0.14-0.47); OR and 95 % CI = 0.51 (0.29-0.90), p for trend < 0.001, respectively), however, there was no significant relation between other PI components and NAFLD. CONCLUSION This case-control study suggested that a higher PI score is associated with a reduced chance of NAFLD after adjusting for confounding variables. In addition, the highest tertile of vegetable and olives PI was significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Taghiyar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Pourreza S, Mirzababaei A, Naeini F, Naghshi S, Mirzaei K. Association of dietary phytochemical index with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity phenotype among Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959341. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPhytochemicals have been recently studied as adjuvants for the treatment of obesity. No study has investigated the association of phytochemical-rich foods with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity phenotype (MUOW/O). This study aimed to determine the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with MUOW/O based on Karelis criteria among Iranian female adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 228 overweight and obese women aged 18–48 years were included. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated for all participants. A validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary assessment. DPI was calculated as [dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)] × 100. Participants’ body composition and biochemical parameters of Karelis criteria [triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] were determined.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 36.69 ± 9.20, and the mean DPI score was 26.23 ± 9.48 among participants with MUOW/O phenotype. After controlling for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of DPI had lower odds for MUOW/O phenotype [odds ratio (OR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07–0.68, P = 0.008] compared to the lowest tertile. Among the components of Karelis criteria, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly associated with MUOW/O phenotype in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10–0.79, P = 0.01).ConclusionWe found a significant association between DPI and MUOW/O phenotype in Iranian women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4683-4701. [PMID: 35819691 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired response of cells towards insulin. It is marked by excessive blood glucose, dysregulated insulin signalling, altered pathways, damaged pancreatic β-cells, metabolic disorders, etc. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which causes excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, further leading to development and progression of complications like vascular dysfunction, damaged cellular proteins, and DNA. One of the causes for IR is dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Advancements in drug therapeutics have helped people manage IR by regulating PTP1B, however have been reported to cause side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest on usage of phytochemical constituents having IR therapeutic properties and aiding to minimize these complications. Medicinal plants have not been utilized to their full potential as a therapeutic drug due to lack of knowledge of their active and effective chemical constituents, mode of action, regulation of IR parameters, and dosage of administration. This review highlights phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants or spices, their potential effectiveness on proteins (PTP1B) regulating IR, and reported possible mechanism of action studied on in vitro models. The study gives current knowledge and future recommendations on the above aspects and is expected to be beneficial in developing herbal drug using these phytochemical constituents, either alone or in combination, for medication of IR and diabetes.
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20
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Amirkalali B, Khoonsari M, Sohrabi MR, Ajdarkosh H, Motamed N, Maadi M, Nobakht H, Gholizadeh E, Zamani F. Relationship between dietary macronutrient composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean and non-lean populations: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6178-6190. [PMID: 33896439 PMCID: PMC11148619 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to customize dietary changes for lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DESIGN The current study was done with a population-based cross-sectional design. The FFQ was used to analyse dietary macronutrient intake and ultrasonography results for NAFLD diagnosis. The study subjects were divided into the lean and non-lean groups based on their BMI (< 25 and ≥ 25). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary macronutrients and NAFLD. Substitution analyses were also performed. SETTING Amol and its suburban areas in Iran. PARTICIPANTS Adults in the age range of 18 to < 65 with full relevant data. RESULTS Among the total study subjects (2308), 46·7 % had fatty liver. The substitution of polysaccharides for animal protein and SFA in the lean group resulted in a significant NAFLD reduction, whereas the substitution of SFA for all types of macronutrients, except for n-6 and mono-disaccharides, led to a significant increase in NAFLD (P < 0·05). In non-lean participants, the substitution of MUFA for mono-disaccharides resulted in a significant reduction of NAFLD (P < 0·05). In this group, the substitution of SFA and mono-disaccharides for MUFA, and n-6 for all macronutrients, except vegetable protein and SFA, were significantly related to an increase in NAFLD (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Lower lean NAFLD is correlated with increasing polysaccharides in exchange for SFA and animal protein intake, whereas lower non-lean NAFLD is correlated with increasing MUFA in exchange for mono-disaccharides and reducing n-6 and SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Khoonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Masoud Reza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Maadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Gholizadeh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1593748711, Iran
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21
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Vasmehjani AA, Darabi Z, Nadjarzadeh A, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. The relation between dietary phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome and its components in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1587. [PMID: 34429094 PMCID: PMC8383421 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the protective effects of foods being rich in phytochemicals against chronic diseases, this issue is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study focused on adults aged between 20 and 70years. The dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated based on dietary energy, derived from phytochemical-rich food sources (kcal) per total daily energy intake (kcal). The odds ratio of MetS and its components were assessed across DPI quartiles by logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of MetS (OR: 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.96) and elevated blood pressure (OR: 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96) in the second category of DPI decreased significantly as compared to that in the first category. Subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of DPI with adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake revealed 30 and 25% lower risk of abdominal obesity, respectively. After full adjustment for confounders, the analysis stratified by sex showed women in the highest quartile of DPI had 59% lower risk of MetS (OR: 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22–0.76) as compared to those in the lowest quartile of DPI. Conclusions Greater adherence to phytochemical-rich diet could reduce odds of MetS and some components, especially in women. Further studies with intervention approaches are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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22
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Rigi S, Mousavi SM, Shakeri F, Keshteli AH, Benisi-Kohansal S, Saadatnia M, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary phytochemical index in relation to risk of stroke: a case-control study. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2239-2246. [PMID: 34311680 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1954291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM No study explores the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with stroke. This study was undertaken to obtain the required insight in this regard in Iranian adults. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 195 stroke patients (diagnosed based on clinical and brained CT findings) and 195 control subjects with no history of cerebrovascular diseases or neurologic disorders). Data collection on dietary intakes was done using a 168-item validated FFQ. DPI was calculated using the McCarty equation. Logistic regression model in different models was used to evaluate the association between DPI and stroke. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 64.8 years, and 53.4% of them were male. Individuals in the highest tertile of DPI were younger (63 ± 11 vs. 67.4 ± 13 y, P = 0.01) and less likely to be physically active (2804 ± 5714 vs. 4772 ± 11912 M, P = 0.03). After adjustment for potential confounders, no significant relationship was observed between DPI and stroke risk (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.39-1.49). However, when we considered the effect of dietary intakes, subjects in the top tertile of DPI were 61% less likely to have a stroke than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.95). When BMI was controlled, the association between DPI and stroke became strengthened (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12-0.86). CONCLUSION We found evidence indicating a significant inverse association between DPI and odds of stroke in adults. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Shakeri
- Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadatnia
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Delshad Aghdam S, Siassi F, Nasli Esfahani E, Qorbani M, Rajab A, Sajjadpour Z, Bashiri A, Aghayan M, Sotoudeh G. Dietary phytochemical index associated with cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:293. [PMID: 34118879 PMCID: PMC8199677 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is useful and inexpensive method to identify the role of phytochemicals on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus. Methods
A total of 261 participants aged 18–35 years with T1DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, glucose, and antioxidant level were measured. Food intakes were determined using a food frequency questionnaire to calculate DPI. Logistic regression was used. Results The mean age of participants was 25 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of DPI had 88 % lower chance of hyperglycemia (P for trend = 0.020), 81 % lower chance of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P for trend = 0.030) and 98 % lower chance of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (P for tend = 0.040). There were no relationships between DPI and other CVD risk factors. Conclusions Although higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods had a beneficial effect on some risk factors of CVD, more studies more studies are warranted to corroborate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Delshad Aghdam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost Street, Naderi Street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost Street, Naderi Street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sajjadpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost Street, Naderi Street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Anahita Bashiri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost Street, Naderi Street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghayan
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost Street, Naderi Street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
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24
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Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The association of insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the risk of insulin-related disorders: a prospective cohort study among participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:53. [PMID: 33985566 PMCID: PMC8117554 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to assess the association of empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction in Iranian adults. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 1244 men and women aged ≥ 20 years were selected among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed for 3.2 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potential indices were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associated risk of a 3-year incidence of insulin-related disorders. RESULTS The mean ± SD age and BMI of all eligible participants (42.7% males) were 43.0 ± 13.0 and 27.4 ± 4.9 in the study's baseline. After adjusting for all potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of ELIH score had a greater risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (OR:2.42, 95%CI:1.52-3.86, P for trend = < 0.001), insulin resistance (OR:2.71, 95%CI:1.75-4.18, P for trend = < 0.001) and insulin insensitivity (OR:2.65, 95%CI: 1.72-4.10, P for trend = < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the risk of incident β-cell dysfunction was lower in individuals with a higher score of ELIH in comparison to those with the lowest score (OR:0.30, 95%CI:0.19-0.45, P for trend = < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia was directly associated with insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinemia and was inversely associated with β-cells dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Gu Q, Cui X, Du K, Wang B, Cai W, Tang Q, Shen X. Higher toenail selenium is associated with increased insulin resistance risk in omnivores, but not in vegetarians. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:62. [PMID: 32774440 PMCID: PMC7398369 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between selenium (Se) and insulin resistance remains unclear. We aim to explore the association between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance through a cross-sectional study comprising Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores. Methods In this study, we enrolled 220 vegetarians and 220 omnivores matched by age and sex from Shanghai. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used to measure toenail Se levels. Dietary Se intakes were assessed by the 24-h dietary recall method. Blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose level and fasting insulin concentrations. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion index (HOMA-B) were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Multi-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance, after adjusting for confounders. Results The mean ages of vegetarians (76 vegans, 144 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and omnivores were 35.96 ± 8.73 years and 35.23 ± 8.93 years, respectively. Of these, 180 (81.8%) were female and 40 (18.2%) were male. No association was found between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance in vegetarians. However, the concentration of Se in toenails was positively correlated with fasting insulin levels (β = 1.030, 95%CI: 0.393 to 1.667) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.245, 95%CI: 0.098 to 0.392) in omnivores, after multivariate adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, income, and daily dietary intakes (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber). This positive relationship persisted only in omnivores whose dietary Se intake was above 60 μg/d. Conclusions Higher toenail Se levels were associated with increased insulin resistance risk in Chinese omnivores whose dietary Se intake was above 60 μg/d, but not in vegetarians. These findings create awareness on the association of dietary Se intake above 60 μg/d with the risk of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Gu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
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26
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Kim M, Park K. Association between phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:252-261. [PMID: 32528632 PMCID: PMC7263893 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although previous experimental studies reported the health benefits of foods rich in phytochemicals, few epidemiologic studies have investigated the associations between phytochemicals and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to calculate a phytochemical index (PI) and examine its association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data of Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the 2008-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. The PI was calculated using 24-hour intake recall data regarding whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, and soybeans and soy products. Demographic and lifestyle data were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to PI quintiles. RESULTS Overall, 31,319 adults were evaluated. Compared with men, women had a higher median PI level (9.96 vs. 13.63) and significantly higher caloric intake levels from most PI components (P < 0.05), except for soy products. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, participants in the highest PI quintile had significantly lower prevalences of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99), hyperglycemia (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94), high blood pressure (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.93), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods are associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic dysregulation and consequently, cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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27
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Eslami O, Khoshgoo M, Shidfar F. Dietary phytochemical index and overweight/obesity in children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:132. [PMID: 32138761 PMCID: PMC7059655 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and overweight/obesity in children. This cross-sectional study was comprised of 356 children aged 7 to 10 years-old study in the city of Tehran, Iran. The dietary intake of participants was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The DPI was calculated based on the daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods. The definition of overweight and obesity was based on the criteria developed by the US Chronic Disease Center for prevention and health promotion. RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 35.1%. The mean (standard deviation) of the DPI was 14.25 (4.13), 24.12 (2.64), 35.41 (3.62) and 61.52 (16.47) in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles (Q), respectively. Subjects in the higher quartiles of DPI had a significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and potassium compared to those in the lower quartiles. In the multiple regression analysis, subjects in the highest quartile of DPI had significantly lower odds of being overweight/obese compared to those in the first quartile [odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.47 (0.25, 0.87); P for trend = 0.02].
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Khoshgoo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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29
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Aghababayan S, Sheikhi Mobarakeh Z, Qorbani M, Abbasvandi F, Tiznobeyk Z, Aminianfar A, Sotoudeh G. Dietary Phytochemical Index and Benign Breast Diseases: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1067-1073. [PMID: 31475586 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1658795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association of DPI and benign breast diseases (BBD). Our study aimed to compare DPI in patients with BBD and the control group.Subjects: This is a case-control study of 115 subjects with BBD and 116 healthy women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. Energy-adjusted DPI was calculated based on data collected from 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and waist circumference were determined.Results: After adjustment for age, estrogen therapy, family history of breast disease, intake of dietary supplement, menopause status, waist circumference and physical activity, the odds ratio (OR) of BBD across the energy-adjusted DPI quartiles decreased significantly (OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.12-0.93) (P‑trend = 0.02).Conclusion: We found that higher DPI score is related to lower BBD OR. This simple method may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent BBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Aghababayan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikhi Mobarakeh
- Department of Cancer Quality of Life, Breast Cancer Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- Department of Cancer Quality of Life, Breast Cancer Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tiznobeyk
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cui X, Wang B, Wu Y, Xie L, Xun P, Tang Q, Cai W, Shen X. Vegetarians have a lower fasting insulin level and higher insulin sensitivity than matched omnivores: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:467-473. [PMID: 30956029 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Potential associations of vegetarian diet patterns with fasting insulin (FI) and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether vegetarian diets were associated with FI and insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores and then to test whether it is independent of body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 279 vegetarians (73 vegans, 206 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 279 age- and sex-matched omnivores. Fasting blood glucose (FG) and FI concentrations were measured, and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity. All blood glucose and insulin sensitivity indices were naturally log-transformed, and multiple-linear regression was used to determine the association between vegetarian diet patterns and insulin sensitivity after adjusting for confounders including BMI, visceral fat area, physical activity, sedentary time, income, alcohol consumption, and daily dietary intakes of macronutrients. Compared to omnivores, both vegan diet [β = -0.25, 95% CI: (-0.38, -0.14)] and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet [β = -0.10, 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.01)] were negatively associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI. Vegan diet remained negatively associated with FI [β = -0.16, 95% CI: (-0.30, -0.01)] and HOMA-IR [β = -0.17, 95% CI: (-0.32, -0.03)] after adjusting for all confounders. CONCLUSION Vegetarian diet, especially vegan diet, is negatively associated with FI and IR, independent of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - X Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Association of dietary phytochemical index and mental health in women: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1049-1056. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that unhealthy dietary patterns are among the most important modifiable risk factors in the development of mental health disorders. We examined the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 488 women aged 20–50 years old attending health centres in the south of Tehran in 2018 were included. A validated and reliable FFQ was used for dietary assessment. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress were assessed using a validated depression, anxiety, stress scales questionnaires with twenty-one-items. DPI was estimated using the following formula: (daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kJ)/total daily energy intake (kJ))×100. The mean age of the study participants was 31·9 (sd7·7) years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychological distress among study participants was 34·6, 40·6 and 42·4 %, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of DPI had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (OR 0·22; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·38) and anxiety (OR 0·33; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·55), as well as psychological distress (OR 0·30; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·49) compared with those in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, we found a significant association between DPI and mental health in women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Hosseini-Esfahani F, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Asghari G, Bahadoran Z, Moslehi N, Golzarand M, Ejtahed HS, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Nutrition and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e84772. [PMID: 30584439 PMCID: PMC6289298 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.84772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to review all findings of studies conducted in framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) regarding the association of dietary factors with cardio-metabolic risk factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION All English-language studies were searched using PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2017. Finally, 105 relevant papers were included in this review. RESULTS Whole grains, legumes, nuts and healthy dietary patterns (DPs) reduced risk of MetS, while white rice, salty/sweet snacks increased this. The western DP had a significant interaction with APOC3, APOA1 and MC4R polymorphisms in relation to MetS. After 6.5 years of follow-up, odds of reaching menarche ≤ 12 years was significantly higher in girls with higher intakes of milk, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Among children and adolescents, higher adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet decreased the risk of abdominal obesity, whereas increased adherence to the western DP could contribute to general and abdominal obesity. A three-year follow-up of adult participants showed that higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods were inversely related to development of insulin resistance. Higher adherence to the healthy DPs was associated with the reduced risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertention. Nutrition interventions postponed rise in the prevalence of MetS. The DASH diet resulted in weight reduction compared to control diet. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to healthy food choices was associated with reduced odds of MetS, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The western DP accentuated the association of polymorphisms with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abshirini M, Mahaki B, Bagheri F, Siassi F, Koohdani F, Sotoudeh G. Higher Intake of Phytochemical-Rich Foods is Inversely Related to Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:64. [PMID: 30147853 PMCID: PMC6085832 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_145_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has introduced as an inexpensive method for quantifying the phytochemicals in foods. For the first time, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between DPI and the risk of prediabetes. Methods Three hundred participants were assigned to 150 prediabetics (cases) and 150 healthy (controls) groups. Anthropometric values, fasting blood glucose, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The DPI was calculated based on data collected from 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Results The sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI was inversely related to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and OGTT (P < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) of prediabetes was assessed across sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles. After adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, education, dietary intake of energy, fiber, carbohydrate (% of energy), fat (% of energy), and protein (% of energy), the OR of prediabetes across the sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles decreased significantly (P-trend < 0.001). Conclusions We found that higher DPI score is related to lower prediabetes OR. This simple method may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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McCarty MF, Assanga SBI. Ferulic acid may target MyD88-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling - Implications for the health protection afforded by whole grains, anthocyanins, and coffee. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:114-120. [PMID: 30037596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Higher dietary intakes of anthocyanins have been linked epidemiologically to decreased risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events; clinical trials and rodent studies evaluating ingestion of anthocyanin-rich extracts confirm favorable effects of these agents on endothelial function and metabolic syndrome. However, these benefits of anthocyanins are lost in rats whose gut microbiome has been eliminated with antibiotic treatment - pointing to bacterial metabolites of anthocyanins as the likely protective agents. A human pharmacokinetic assessment of orally administered cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, a prominent anthocyanin, has revealed that, whereas this compound is minimally absorbed, ferulic acid (FA) is one of its primary metabolites that appears in plasma. FA is a strong antioxidant and phase 2 inducer that has exerted marked anti-inflammatory effects in a number of rodent and cell culture studies; in particular, FA is highly protective in rodent models of diet-induced weight gain and metabolic syndrome. FA, a precursor for lignan synthesis, is widely distributed in plant-based whole foods, mostly in conjugated form; whole grains are a notable source. Coffee ingestion boosts plasma FA owing to gastrointestinal metabolism of chlorogenic acid. Hence, it is reasonable to suspect that FA mediates some of the broad health benefits that have been associated epidemiologically with frequent consumption of whole grains, anthocyanins, coffee, and unrefined plant-based foods. The molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of FA may have been clarified by a recent study demonstrating that FA can target the adaptor protein MyD88; this plays an essential role in pro-inflammatory signaling by most toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β. If feasible oral intakes of FA can indeed down-regulate MyD88-dependent signaling, favorable effects of FA on neurodegeneration, hypothalamic inflammation, weight gain, adipocyte and beta cell function, adiponectin secretion, vascular health, and cartilage and bone integrity can be predicted. Since FA is well tolerated, safe, and natural, it may have great potential as a protective nutraceutical, and clinical trials evaluating its effects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
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Esfandiari S, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Tohidi M, Azizi F. Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension trial (DASH) diet is inversely associated with incidence of insulin resistance in adults: the Tehran lipid and glucose study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:123-129. [PMID: 28955129 PMCID: PMC5612815 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH) diet on features of metabolic syndrome have been indicated in clinical studies. In this study, we aimed to assess possible association of DASH diet score and the risk of insulin resistance in an Iranian population. In this prospective cohort study, 927 adult men and women, were recruited. Fasting serum insulin and glucose were measured at baseline and again after 3 years. Usual dietary intakes were measured using a validated 168 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and DASH score was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of the insulin resistance across tertiles of DASH diet. To investigate possible superiority of DASH score over other scoring system, we also assessed the association of healthy eating index and Mediterranean diet score with the risk of insulin resistance. Mean age of the participants was 40.34 ± 12.14 years old. The incidence rate of insulin resistance was 12.8%. Participants with higher DASH score had also higher intakes of potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and lower intakes of cholesterol (p<0.05). After 3-years of follow-up, a significant negative association was observed between DASH score and the risk insulin resistance in the highest compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20-0.76, p for trend = 0.007). There was no significant association between healthy eating index and Mediterranean diet score with the incidence of insulin resistance. In conclusion, adherence to the DASH dietary pattern may be associated with a lower risk of insulin resistance and its related metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esfandiari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19395-4763 (P.O. Box), No. 24., Shahid Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies exploring the association between dietary legume consumption and CVD risk, including CHD and stroke.DesignThe PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to December 2015. A meta-analysis of the highestv.lowest (reference) category of dietary legume consumption was performed through random-effects models.ResultsFourteen studies conducted on eleven cohorts and accounting for a total of 367 000 individuals and 18 475 cases of CVD (7451 CHD and 6336 stroke cases) were considered for the analyses. Compared with lower legume consumption, the highest category of exposure was associated with a decreased risk of 10 % in both CVD and CHD (relative risk=0·90; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·97) with no or little evidence of heterogeneity and no publication bias. Null results were found regarding legume consumption and stroke risk. No substantial confounding factors were evident in stratified analyses.ConclusionsLegume consumption was associated with lower risk of CVD. Legumes’ intrinsic characteristics, because they are often part of an overall healthy diet, or because they are a substitute for unhealthy sources of protein may potentially explain the current findings.
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