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Chen X, You J, Zhou M, Ma H, Huang C. The association between serum uric acid and creatine phosphokinase in the general population: NHANES 2015-2018. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37303058 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), a standard biochemical measure of acute myocardial infarction, and serum uric acid (sUA) has not been studied. This study aimed to determine the association between sUA and CPK in the general population of the US. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018 were used, including a total of 8,431 subjects aged ≥ 30 years. Weighted multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the independent relationship between sUA and CPK. Fitted smoothing curves and weighted generalized additive models were also performed. RESULTS We found a positive relationship between sUA and CPK after adjusting for potential confounders. In subgroup analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, sUA was positively correlated with CPK in each subgroup. The association between sUA and CPK followed an inverted U-shaped curve in females (turning point: sUA = 428.3 μmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that sUA level was positively correlated with CPK in the general population of the US. However, CPK increased with sUA until the turning point (sUA = 428.3 μmol/L) in females. Fundamental research and large sample prospective studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism of the association between sUA and CPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuhong You
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Pesent Address: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chen C, Lin X, Lin R, Huang H, Lu F. A high serum creatine kinase (CK)-MB-to-total-CK ratio in patients with pancreatic cancer: a novel application of a traditional marker in predicting malignancy of pancreatic masses? World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:13. [PMID: 36653771 PMCID: PMC9847085 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The finding that some benign pancreatic masses mimic the imaging appearance of carcinomas poses a challenge for pancreatic surgeons. Preoperative markers that assist in the diagnosis are critical under this circumstance. Abnormal serum creatine kinase (CK) isozyme levels were reported in cancer patients, and this study aimed to explore the potential value of the CK-MB-to-total-CK ratio (CK ratio) in differentiating pancreatic cancer (PC) from benign masses when combined with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). METHODS A total of 190 patients primarily diagnosed with pancreatic masses were retrospectively reviewed and assigned to the PC group and the benign pancreatic mass (BPM) group. Sixty-eight controls were enrolled for comparison. Levels of preoperative parameters, including total serum CK, CK-MB, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, albumin, and CA19-9, were recorded as well as pathological information. A logistic regression model was established to assess the application value of the combination of CA19-9 and the CK ratio in diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the markers. RESULTS The CK ratio was significantly elevated in the PC group compared with the BPM group (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a CK ratio greater than 0.220 was a statistically significant variable for predicting malignancy of pancreatic masses (P=0.001). Patients with stage III/IV PC had a higher CK ratio than those with stage I/II PC (P<0.01). Combined detection of CA19-9 and the CK ratio produced an increased Youden index (0.739 vs. 0.815) with improved sensitivity (82.2% vs. 89.8%). CONCLUSIONS The CK ratio is elevated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is an independent factor predicting pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The CK ratio augments the diagnostic capacity of CA19-9 in detecting malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Xianchao Lin
- grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Ronggui Lin
- grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Heguang Huang
- grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Fengchun Lu
- grid.411176.40000 0004 1758 0478Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
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3
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Gao H, Xiang Q, Li J, Yu M, Lan Y, Ba J, Liu Y, Tian H. Clinical analysis of the serum muscle enzyme spectrum of patients with newly diagnosed Sheehan's syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30834. [PMID: 36181079 PMCID: PMC9524868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the factors associated with serum muscle enzyme elevation in patients with Sheehan's syndrome. A total of 48 patients who were newly diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome were included and divided into 3 groups: Group 1, creatine kinase (CK) ≥ 1000 U/L; Group 2, 140 < CK < 1000 U/L; and Group 3, CK ≤ 140 U/L. Differences in serum muscle enzymes, serum electrolytes, blood glucose and hormones were compared among the 3 groups. A Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed on serum muscle enzymes and the other variables. Four patients in Group 1 underwent electromyography. Fourteen, 26 and 8 patients were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The levels of plasma osmolality, serum sodium, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in Group 1 were lower than those in Group 3 at admission (P < .05). There were significant differences in CK, CK-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase among the three groups (P < .05). CK was correlated with serum sodium (r = -0.642, P < .001), serum potassium (r = -0.29, P = .046), plasma osmolality (r = -0.65, P < .001), FT3 (r = -0.363, P = .012), and FT4 (r = -0.450, P = .002). Moreover, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) was correlated with serum sodium (r = -0.464, P = .001) and plasma osmolality (r = -0.483, P < .001). The multiple linear regression showed that serum sodium was independently and negatively correlated with CK (r = -0.352, P = .021). The electromyogram results supported the existence of myogenic injury. Sheehan's syndrome is prone to be complicated by nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, with both a chronic course and acute exacerbation. Serum muscle enzymes should be routinely measured. For patients with CK levels > 1000 U/L, a CK-MB/CK ratio < 6% can be a simple indicator to differentiate rhabdomyolysis from acute myocardial infarction. Abnormal serum muscle enzymes observed in Sheehan's syndrome may be associated with hypothyroidism and with hyponatremia in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Qiao Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jindie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Yalin Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Junqiang Ba
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Tian, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (e-mail: )
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4
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Kabir S, Lingappa N, Mayrovitz H. Potential Therapeutic Treatments for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Cureus 2022; 14:e21154. [PMID: 35165604 PMCID: PMC8833288 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Imai S, Kashiwagi H, Sato Y, Miyai T, Sugawara M, Takekuma Y. Factors affecting creatine phosphokinase elevation during daptomycin therapy using a combination of machine learning and conventional methods. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:1211-1222. [PMID: 34436795 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Musculoskeletal toxicity is a typical side effect of daptomycin (DAP). However, the risk factors have not been well established. Here, we aimed to identify independent factors affecting DAP-induced musculoskeletal toxicity using a combination of machine learning and conventional statistical methods. METHODS A population-based, retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted using the Japanese electronic medical record database. Patients who received DAP between October 2011 and December 2020 were enrolled. Two definitions of musculoskeletal toxicity were employed: (1) elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) value more than twice from baseline and >200 IU/L, and (2) >1000 IU/L. First, multiple logistic regression analyses (a conventional statistical method) were performed to identify independent factors affecting CPK elevation. Then, decision tree analyses, a machine learning method, were performed to detect combinations of factors that change CPK elevation risk. RESULTS Of the 2970 patients who received DAP, 706 were included. Elevation of CPK values >200 IU/L and >1000 IU/L occurred in 83 (11.8%) and 17 (2.41%) patients, respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, baseline CPK value and concomitant use of hydrophobic statins were commonly extracted as independent factors affecting each CPK elevation, but concomitant use of hydrophilic statins was not. In decision tree analysis, patients who received hydrophobic statins and had high baseline CPK values were classified into the high-risk group. CONCLUSION Our novel approach revealed new risk factors for CPK elevation. Our findings suggest that high-risk patients require frequent CPK monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Imai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyai
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoh Takekuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Steinritz D, Lüling R, Siegert M, Mückter H, Popp T, Reinemer P, Gudermann T, Thiermann H, John H. Alkylation of rabbit muscle creatine kinase surface methionine residues inhibits enzyme activity in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3253-3261. [PMID: 34396457 PMCID: PMC8448711 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the formation of phosphocreatine from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine. The highly reactive free cysteine residue in the active site of the enzyme (Cys283) is considered essential for the enzymatic activity. In previous studies we demonstrated that Cys283 is targeted by the alkylating chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) yielding a thioether with a hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE)-moiety. In the present study, the effect of SM on rabbit muscle CK (rmCK) activity was investigated with special focus on the alkylation of Cys283 and of reactive methionine (Met) residues. For investigation of SM-alkylated amino acids in rmCK, micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry measurements were performed using the Orbitrap technology. The treatment of rmCK with SM resulted in a decrease of enzyme activity. However, this decrease did only weakly correlate to the modification of Cys283 but was conclusive for the formation of Met70-HETE and Met179-HETE. In contrast, the activity of mutants of rmCK produced by side-directed mutagenesis that contained substitutions of the respective Met residues (Met70Ala, Met179Leu, and Met70Ala/Met179Leu) was highly resistant against SM. Our results point to a critical role of the surface exposed Met70 and Met179 residues for CK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany. .,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), Goethestraße 33, 80366, Munich, Germany. .,Bundeswehr Medical Service Academy, Ingolstädter Straße 240, 80939, Munich, Germany.
| | - Robin Lüling
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), Goethestraße 33, 80366, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Siegert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.,Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Harald Mückter
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), Goethestraße 33, 80366, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Reinemer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.,AM1 Ventures GmbH, Fasanenstraße 27a, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), Goethestraße 33, 80366, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
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7
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Sprenger J, Trifan A, Patel N, Vanderbeck A, Bredfelt J, Tajkhorshid E, Rowlett R, Lo Leggio L, Åkerfeldt KS, Linse S. Calmodulin complexes with brain and muscle creatine kinase peptides. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:121-132. [PMID: 34235492 PMCID: PMC8244255 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensing protein that binds to and modulates numerous target proteins and enzymes during cellular signaling processes. A large number of CaM-target complexes have been identified and structurally characterized, revealing a wide diversity of CaM-binding modes. A newly identified target is creatine kinase (CK), a central enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis. This study reports two high-resolution X-ray structures, determined to 1.24 Å and 1.43 Å resolution, of calmodulin in complex with peptides from human brain and muscle CK, respectively. Both complexes adopt a rare extended binding mode with an observed stoichiometry of 1:2 CaM:peptide, confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry, suggesting that each CaM domain independently binds one CK peptide in a Ca2+-depended manner. While the overall binding mode is similar between the structures with muscle or brain-type CK peptides, the most significant difference is the opposite binding orientation of the peptides in the N-terminal domain. This may extrapolate into distinct binding modes and regulation of the full-length CK isoforms. The structural insights gained in this study strengthen the link between cellular energy homeostasis and Ca2+-mediated cell signaling and may shed light on ways by which cells can 'fine tune' their energy levels to match the spatial and temporal demands.
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Key Words
- ADP, Adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- CK, Creatine kinase
- CKB, Creatine kinase, brain-type
- CKM, Creatine kinase, muscle-type
- Ca2+, Calcium ion (divalent)
- CaM, Calmodulin
- Calcium signaling
- Calmodulin X-ray structure
- Cellular energy metabolism
- Cr, Creatine
- CrP, Creatine phosphate
- Enzyme regulation
- Fmoc, Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- ITC, Isothermal titration calorimetry
- Isothermal titration calorimetry
- MR, Molecular replacement
- PDB, Protein data bank
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Chemistry Department, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anda Trifan
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Neal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Jenny Bredfelt
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roger Rowlett
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Chemistry Department, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin S. Åkerfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Signorelli M, Ayoglu B, Johansson C, Lochmüller H, Straub V, Muntoni F, Niks E, Tsonaka R, Persson A, Aartsma-Rus A, Nilsson P, Al-Khalili Szigyarto C, Spitali P. Longitudinal serum biomarker screening identifies malate dehydrogenase 2 as candidate prognostic biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:505-517. [PMID: 31881125 PMCID: PMC7113516 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease for which no cure is available. Clinical trials have shown to be largely underpowered due to inter-individual variability and noisy outcome measures. The availability of biomarkers able to anticipate clinical benefit is highly needed to improve clinical trial design and facilitate drug development. METHODS In this study, we aimed to appraise the value of protein biomarkers to predict prognosis and monitor disease progression or treatment outcome in patients affected by DMD. We collected clinical data and 303 blood samples from 157 DMD patients in three clinical centres; 78 patients contributed multiple blood samples over time, with a median follow-up time of 2 years. We employed linear mixed models to identify biomarkers that are associated with disease progression, wheelchair dependency, and treatment with corticosteroids and performed survival analysis to find biomarkers whose levels are associated with time to loss of ambulation. RESULTS Our analysis led to the identification of 21 proteins whose levels significantly decrease with age and nine proteins whose levels significantly increase. Seven of these proteins are also differentially expressed in non-ambulant patients, and three proteins are differentially expressed in patients treated with glucocorticosteroids. Treatment with corticosteroids was found to partly counteract the effect of disease progression on two biomarkers, namely, malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2, P = 0.0003) and ankyrin repeat domain 2 (P = 0.0005); however, patients treated with corticosteroids experienced a further reduction on collagen 1 serum levels (P = 0.0003), especially following administration of deflazacort. A time to event analysis allowed to further support the use of MDH2 as a prognostic biomarker as it was associated with an increased risk of wheelchair dependence (P = 0.0003). The obtained data support the prospective evaluation of the identified biomarkers in natural history and clinical trials as exploratory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS We identified a number of serum biomarkers associated with disease progression, loss of ambulation, and treatment with corticosteroids. The identified biomarkers are promising candidate prognostic and surrogate biomarkers, which may support drug developers if confirmed in prospective studies. The serum levels of MDH2 are of particular interest, as they correlate with disease stage and response to treatment with corticosteroids, and are also associated with the risk of wheelchair dependency and pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Signorelli
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Burcu Ayoglu
- Department of Protein Sciences, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Johansson
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Volker Straub
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Erik Niks
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Persson
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto
- Department of Protein Sciences, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pietro Spitali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Acute effects of recreational soccer on inflammatory response and cardiac and skeletal muscle damage indicators. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that acute bouts of strenuous, long duration exercise induce significant increases in the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular risk markers. Although recreational soccer (RS) is a widespread activity, there are no data on this topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine RS-induced changes in inflammatory, cardiac, and skeletal muscle damage indicators in young and middle-aged males.
Methods: Twelve young and 11 middle-aged males participated in the study. The participants played 6v6 1 h RS, where heart rate (HR) responses and external loads (distance covered, number of accelerations/decelerations) were determined. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to and following the matches, and 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h later.
Results: Absolute HR responses and the number of accelerations and decelerations were higher in young participants than the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05). RS increased high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in almost all participants. A total of 83.3% of the young participants exceeded the upper reference limit (URL), whereas none of the middle-aged participants exceeded the URL. Hs-cTnI levels returned to baseline after 24 and 48 h in the middle-aged and young participants, respectively. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) increased in the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05), and in the young participants, though not significantly (p > 0.05). RS also led to significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both groups (p < 0.05). Hs-CRP, CK, and LDH values returned to baseline levels within 48 to 72 h, except for the LDH values of the young participants.
Conclusion: RS induced short-term increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle damage markers and the inflammatory profile in young and middle-aged RS participants.
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10
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Habich M, Salscheider SL, Riemer J. Cysteine residues in mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins: more than just import. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:514-531. [PMID: 30129023 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermembrane space (IMS) is a very small mitochondrial sub-compartment with critical relevance for many cellular processes. IMS proteins fulfil important functions in transport of proteins, lipids, metabolites and metal ions, in signalling, in metabolism and in defining the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Our understanding of the IMS proteome has become increasingly refined although we still lack information on the identity and function of many of its proteins. One characteristic of many IMS proteins are conserved cysteines. Different post-translational modifications of these cysteine residues can have critical roles in protein function, localization and/or stability. The close localization to different ROS-producing enzyme systems, a dedicated machinery for oxidative protein folding, and a unique equipment with antioxidative systems, render the careful balancing of the redox and modification states of the cysteine residues, a major challenge in the IMS. In this review, we discuss different functions of human IMS proteins, the involvement of cysteine residues in these functions, the consequences of cysteine modifications and the consequences of cysteine mutations or defects in the machinery for disulfide bond formation in terms of human health. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Habich
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silja Lucia Salscheider
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Al-Ghamdi F, Darras BT, Ghosh PS. Spectrum of Neuromuscular Disorders With HyperCKemia From a Tertiary Care Pediatric Neuromuscular Center. J Child Neurol 2018; 33:389-396. [PMID: 29577809 DOI: 10.1177/0883073818758455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elevated creatine kinase is a useful screening test in the diagnostic workup of patients with neuromuscular disorders. We did a retrospective study of children with hyperCKemia (>175 IU/L) who were followed in the neuromuscular program of a tertiary care pediatric center from 2005 to 2016. Patients with hyperCKemia were divided into 2 groups: myopathic and nonmyopathic. Within the myopathic group, there were 3 arbitrary subgroups based on creatine kinase values: A (creatine kinase >10 times normal), B (creatine kinase 5-10 times normal), and C (creatine kinase 1-5 times normal). The 3 major categories of myopathies across all the subgroups were muscular dystrophies (commonest) followed by metabolic myopathies and inflammatory myopathies. Among the nonmyopathic causes of hyperCKemia, spinal muscular atrophy was the commonest. Muscular dystrophies should be considered in children with hyperCKemia, muscle weakness, or calf hypertrophy, and metabolic myopathies to be considered in children with recurrent rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Al-Ghamdi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,2 King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Al Muraikabat, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basil T Darras
- 1 Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Partha S Ghosh
- 1 Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Miwa K, Tamai S, Kinpara Y, Komatsu S, Goto M, Iguchi T, Suzuki T, Takasaki W, Mori K. Impact of different blood sampling techniques on plasma biomarkers for skeletal myopathy in conscious rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Miwa
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Satoshi Tamai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Satomi Komatsu
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Mayumi Goto
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takami Suzuki
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Wataru Takasaki
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
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13
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Cornachione AS, Leite FS, Wang J, Leu NA, Kalganov A, Volgin D, Han X, Xu T, Cheng YS, Yates JRR, Rassier DE, Kashina A. Arginylation of myosin heavy chain regulates skeletal muscle strength. Cell Rep 2014; 8:470-6. [PMID: 25017061 PMCID: PMC4126752 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginylation is a posttranslational modification with an emerging global role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. To test the role of arginylation in the skeletal muscle, we generated a mouse model with Ate1 deletion driven by the skeletal muscle-specific creatine kinase (Ckmm) promoter. Ckmm-Ate1 mice were viable and outwardly normal; however, their skeletal muscle strength was significantly reduced in comparison to controls. Mass spectrometry of isolated skeletal myofibrils showed a limited set of proteins, including myosin heavy chain, arginylated on specific sites. Atomic force microscopy measurements of contractile strength in individual myofibrils and isolated myosin filaments from these mice showed a significant reduction of contractile forces, which, in the case of myosin filaments, could be fully rescued by rearginylation with purified Ate1. Our results demonstrate that arginylation regulates force production in muscle and exerts a direct effect on muscle strength through arginylation of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle S Cornachione
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Felipe S Leite
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolae A Leu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Albert Kalganov
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Denys Volgin
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xuemei Han
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu-Shu Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | | | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Ammar ESM, Said SA, El-Damarawy SL, Suddek GM. Cardioprotective effect of grape-seed proanthocyanidins on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:339-44. [PMID: 23134235 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.729065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic used as anticancer agent. However, its use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity which is mainly attributed to accumulation of reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess whether the antioxidant, proanthocyanidins (Pro) can ameliorate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawely rats were divided into four groups. Group I was control. Group II received Pro (70 mg/kg, orally) once daily for 10 days. Group III received doxorubicin 15 mg/kg i.p. as a single dose on the 7th day and Group IV animals were treated with Pro once daily for 10 days and Dox on the 7th day. The parameters of study were serum biomarkers, cardiac tissue antioxidant status, ECG, and effect on aconitine-induced cardiotoxicity. RESULTS Cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin was manifested as a significant increase in heart rate, elevation of the ST segment, prolongation of the QT interval and an increase in T wave amplitude. In addition, Dox enhanced aconitine-induced cardiotoxicity by a significant decrease in the aconitine dose producing ventricular tachycardia (VT). Administration of Pro significantly suppressed Dox-induced ECG changes and normalized the aconitine dose producing VT. The toxicity of Dox was also confirmed biochemically by significant elevation of serum CK-MB and LDH activities as well as myocardial MDA and GSH contents and decrease in serum catalase and myocardial SOD activities. Administration of Pro significantly suppressed these biochemical changes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that proanthocyanidins might be a potential cardioprotective agent against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Nardin RA, Zarrin AR, Horowitz GL, Tarulli AW. Effect of newly proposed CK reference limits on neuromuscular diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 2009; 39:494-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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A propósito de un caso de elevación no explicada de la creatincinasa en un varón sano de 20 años de edad. Semergen 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1138-3593(06)73265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Ercan A, Grossman SH. Proteolytic susceptibility of creatine kinase isozymes and arginine kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 306:1014-8. [PMID: 12821144 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The time course and dose-response to proteolysis of three dimeric isozymes of creatine kinase, CK-MM (muscle), CK-BB (brain), and CK-MB (heart) and the homologous monomer, arginine kinase were compared. Chymotrypsin and trypsin cause a rapid and significant loss of intact CK-BB, but limited hydrolysis of CK-MM. After 1h of hydrolysis by chymotrypsin, 80% of CK-MM is intact as judged by quantification of monomers after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. While 50% of the intact monomers of CK-MB remain under these conditions, no CK-BB monomers are detected. These results indicate that treatment with chymotrypsin leads to a CK-MB devoid of the B-subunit. When treated with trypsin for 1h, CK-MM is totally resistant to hydrolysis and all CK-BB is highly degraded. However, CK-MB exhibits approximately 90% intact monomers, indicating survival of intact B-subunit in CK-MB. This suggests that heterodimerization of a B-subunit with an M-subunit may have a protective effect against hydrolysis by trypsin. In view of the considerably larger number of potentially tryptic sensitive sites on the muscle isozyme, the resistance of CK-MM and susceptibility of CK-BB dimers to trypsin implies that differences in subunit tertiary structure are a factor in proteolysis of the homodimeric isozymes. Arginine kinase is rapidly degraded by trypsin, but is minimally affected by chymotrypsin. The finding that both a monomeric (arginine kinase) and dimeric (CK-BB) phosphagen kinase are highly susceptible to proteolysis by trypsin indicates that quaternary structure is not, in and of itself, an advantage in resistance to proteolysis. Since both arginine kinase and muscle creatine kinase are resistant to chymotryptic hydrolysis, it seems unlikely that in general, the increased packing density, which may result from dimerization can account for the stability of CK-MM towards trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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18
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Abstract
New biological markers of myocardial injury have improved the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Among these markers, the most relevant are the cardiac troponins (troponin I and troponin T) because of their cardiospecificity, and myoglobin because of its combination of diagnostic sensitivity and usefulness for an early diagnosis. The serial analysis and combined use of both markers fulfill all diagnostic and prognostic requirements, and are helpful in indicating therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndromes. However, these markers also have limitations, and their concentrations should always be interpreted in the light of the patient's clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santaló Bel
- Complejo de Urgencias, Emergencias y Críticos. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universidad Autónoma. Barcelona. España
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19
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Zingarelli B, Hake PW, O’Connor M, Denenberg A, Kong S, Aronow BJ. Absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Alters Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and Gene Expression of Apoptosis Regulators after Reperfusion Injury. Mol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Zingarelli B, Hake PW, O'Connor M, Denenberg A, Kong S, Aronow BJ. Absence of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 alters nuclear factor-kappa B activation and gene expression of apoptosis regulators after reperfusion injury. Mol Med 2003; 9:143-53. [PMID: 14571322 PMCID: PMC1430828 DOI: 10.2119/2003-00011.zingarelli] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is activated in response to DNA injury in eukaryotic cells and has been implicated in cell dysfunction in reperfusion injury. In this study we investigated the role of PARP-1 on apoptosis in early myocardial reperfusion injury. Mice genetically deficient of PARP-1 (PARP-1-/-) and wild-type littermates were subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Myocardial injury was assessed by measuring the serum levels of creatine phosphokinase and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments in the infarcted area. Expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, was analyzed by Western blot. Activation of caspases, important executioners of apoptosis, and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway were evaluated. Gene expression profiles for apoptotic regulators between PARP-1-/- and wild-type mice also were compared. Myocardial damage in PARP-1-/- mice was reduced significantly, as indicated by lower serum creatine phosphokinase levels and reduction of apoptosis, as compared with wild-type mice. Western blot analyses showed increased expression of Bcl-2, which was associated with reduction of caspase-1 and caspase-3 activation. This cardioprotection was associated with significant reduction of the activation of I kappa B kinase complex and NF-kappa B DNA binding. Microarray analysis demonstrated that the expression of 29 known genes of apoptotic regulators was significantly altered in PARP-1-/- mice compared with wild-type mice, whereas 6 known genes were similarly expressed in both genotypes. The data indicate that during reperfusion absence of PARP-1 leads to reduction of myocardial apoptosis, which is associated with reduced NF-kappa B activation and altered gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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21
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Letters to the Editor. Shock 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200302000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Zingarelli B, Hake PW, Yang Z, O'Connor M, Denenberg A, Wong HR. Absence of inducible nitric oxide synthase modulates early reperfusion-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and enhances myocardial damage. FASEB J 2002; 16:327-42. [PMID: 11874982 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0533com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) generated by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is not understood. We investigated the role of iNOS during early reperfusion damage induced in genetically deficient iNOS (iNOS-/-) mice and wild-type littermates. In wild-type mice, ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (60 min) induced an elevation in serum levels of creatine phosphokinase and myocardial injury characterized by the presence of scattered apoptotic myocytes and mild neutrophil infiltration. Northern blot analysis showed increased expression of iNOS, whose activity was markedly elevated after reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry showed staining for nitrotyrosine; Western blot analysis showed elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a putative cardioprotective mediator. Plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 were also increased. These events were preceded by degradation of inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and subsequently activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) as early as 15 min after reperfusion. In contrast, iNOS-/- mice experienced 35% mortality after reperfusion. The extensive myocardial injury was associated with marked apoptosis and infiltration of neutrophils whereas expression of HSP70 was less pronounced. Nitrotyrosine formation and plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate were undetectable. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were increased and IL-10 was reduced in earlier stages of reperfusion. Activation of IKK and JNK and binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 were significantly reduced. Thus, we conclude that iNOS plays a beneficial role in modulating the early defensive inflammatory response against reperfusion injury through regulation of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilia Zingarelli
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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23
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Krishnan P, Fu Q, Lam W, Liou JY, Dutschman G, Cheng YC. Phosphorylation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside analog diphosphates: selective phosphorylation of L-nucleoside analog diphosphates by 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:5453-9. [PMID: 11741981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Nucleoside analogs, which are in the natural configuration, as well as the L-nucleoside analogs, are clinically relevant antiviral and anticancer agents. Metabolism of L-nucleoside analog diphosphates to the triphosphates, however, remains unexplored. Studies with recombinant nm23-H1 and -H2 isoforms indicated that L-nucleoside analog diphosphates were not phosphorylated by their nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity. Therefore, roles of creatine kinase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase were evaluated using preparations from commercial sources and human HepG2 cells. Phosphorylation of L-OddC, L-SddC, L-Fd4C, L-FMAU, and L-ddC were compared with D-deoxynucleoside analogs, AraC, dFdC, and D-FMAU, and D-dideoxynucleoside analogs, ddC and d4T. Results based on preparations from HepG2 cells showed that L-nucleoside analog diphosphates were selectively phosphorylated by 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, whereas, D-deoxynucleoside analog diphosphates were phosphorylated by NDPK. Interestingly, ddCDP and d4TDP were substrates for creatine kinase, but were not phosphorylated by NDPK. In conclusion, it is proposed that specificity of the phosphorylating enzymes toward the nucleoside analog diphosphates is dependent on the configuration of the analog (L or D) and the presence or absence of 3'-hydroxyl group in the sugar moiety. The enzymatic process of phosphorylation of L- and D-nucleoside analog diphosphates is different in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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24
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Carrol ED, Thomson APJ, Mobbs KJ, Fraser WD, Sills JA, Hart CA. Myositis in children with meningococcal disease: a role for tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8? J Infect 2002; 44:17-21. [PMID: 11972413 DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2001.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myalgia is under-recognized in meningococcal disease (MCD). In septic shock, myositis is thought to be mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but this has never previously been studied in MCD. We aimed to demonstrate whether muscle damage mediated via TNF-alpha and other pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs in MCD, as estimated by creatine kinase skeletal muscle isoenzyme (CK-MM) and cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB) concentrations. METHODS A total of 68 children, median age 2.7 years, with a diagnosis of MCD were prospectively studied. Severity of disease was measured using the Glasgow Meningococcal Septicaemia Prognostic Score (GMSPS). Severe disease was defined as a GMSPS of > or =8. TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1Ra concentrations were determined on samples taken on admission. RESULTS CK-MM correlated significantly with TNF-alpha, IL-8 and GMSPS. There was no significant correlation between CK-MB and TNF-alpha or IL-6, but CK-MB correlated with GMSPS and IL-8. Fifty-six percent of children with MCD had evidence of muscle damage as manifested by elevated CK-MM. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha and IL-8 may be potential mediators in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle damage in MCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Carrol
- Institute of Child Health, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey, Eaton Road, UK.
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Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is the single most important biochemical test in the evaluation of patients with myopathies. In health, serum CK concentration is higher in men, blacks, muscular individuals, and athletes. Idiopathic hyperCKemia is an entity restricted to asymptomatic patients with a negative family history for a neuromuscular disease acid normal neurological, electrodiagnostic. and histologic examinations. Serum CK concentration in myopathy correlates with seventy of illness, course of disease, available muscle mass, and myofiber necrosis. CK may be elevated in neurogenic disorders, particularly in Kennedy's disease and type III spinal muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Katiriji
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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26
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Durany N, Joseph J, Jimenez OM, Climent F, Fernández PL, Rivera F, Carreras J. Phosphoglycerate mutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase, creatine kinase and enolase activity and isoenzymes in breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:20-7. [PMID: 10638961 PMCID: PMC2363199 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have compared the levels of phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1), 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) activities and the distribution of their isoenzymes in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinoma. Tumour tissue had higher phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase activity than normal tissue. Creatine kinase activity was higher in seven out of 12 tumours. In contrast 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity was lower. Phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase presented greater changes in the oestrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative breast carcinomas than in the steroid receptor-positive tumours. Determined by electrophoresis, type BB phosphoglycerate mutase, type BB creatine kinase and alpha alpha-enolase were the major isoenzymes detected in normal breast tissue. Types alpha gamma and gamma gamma enolase, types MB and MM phosphoglycerate mutase were detected in much lower proportions. In tumours a decrease of phosphoglycerate mutase isoenzymes possessing M-type subunit and some increase of enolase isoenzymes possessing gamma-type subunit was observed. No detectable change was observed in the creatine kinase phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Durany
- Unit of Biochemistry, IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Fascetti AJ, Mauldin GE, Mauldin GN. Correlation between serum creatine kinase activities and anorexia in cats. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11:9-13. [PMID: 9132484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no available biochemical analyses that will reliably identify malnourished cats or enable monitoring them during supportive alimentation. Studies in people indicate that creatine kinase (CK) activity is high in malnourished patients and may decrease in response to nutritional intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of quantifying serum CK activities in anorectic cats and to assess the usefulness of this test in monitoring nutritional support in these patients. Serum CK activity was evaluated in nonanorectic cats (Group 1, n = 25), and in hospitalized, anorectic cats that received nutritional support through a nasoesophageal tube (Group 2, n = 25). Anorectic cats had a significantly higher serum CK activity (median = 2,529 U/ L, range 88 to 153,000 U/L) than the control group (median = 175 U/L, range 81 to 363 U/L, P < .001). There were significant positive correlations between serum CK and both aspartate transaminase (AST) (P < .05; r = .59) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < .05; r = .41) activities. Serum CK activity was significantly lower in anorectic cats after 48 hours of nutritional support than at time 0 (P < .001) and eventually returned to normal with continued support. Serum CK activity may serve as a useful marker in assessing and monitoring nutritional status in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fascetti
- Elmer and Mamdouha Bobst Hospital, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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28
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Joseph J, Cardesa A, Carreras J. Creatine kinase activity and isoenzymes in lung, colon and liver carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1997; 76:600-5. [PMID: 9303358 PMCID: PMC2228007 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have compared the levels of creatine kinase (CK) activity and the distribution of CK isoenzymes determined by agarose gel electrophoresis in normal colon, liver and lung tissues, and in colon, liver and lung adenocarcinomas, lung squamous cell carcinomas and lung carcinoids. Colon and lung adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas presented lower CK activity than the normal tissues and no differences were found between hepatocarcinoma and normal liver tissue. In contrast, lung carcinoids had higher CK activity than normal lung tissue. Type BB-CK was the predominant isoenzyme in normal lung, colon and liver tissues. Type MM isoenzyme was detected in normal lung and type MB-CK was found in normal colon. In most lung tumours the CK isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern did not change. However, no type BB-CK was detected in some hepatocarcinomas, type MM-CK decreased in lung carcinoids and type MB isoenzyme was not observed in colon adenocarcinomas. It is concluded that in most tumours there is a decrease in the expression of type B- and type M-CK subunits, whereas in lung carcinoid the expression of type B-CK activity increases. Thus, the increase in type BB-CK observed in the serum of patients with lung and colon adenocarcinomas is probably due mainly to enhanced enzyme release as a result of tumour cell necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joseph
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova, Spain
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29
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Kirson JI, McQuistion HL, Pierce DW. Severe elevations in serum creatine kinase associated with clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15:287-8. [PMID: 7593715 DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199508000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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30
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Lott JA, Nealon DA. Automated enzyme assays. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 1994; 37:143-189. [PMID: 8309366 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110584.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Lott
- Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1240
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31
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Kohriyama K, Matsuoka M, Igisu H. Effects of acrylamide and acrylic acid on creatine kinase activity in the rat brain. Arch Toxicol 1994; 68:67-70. [PMID: 8166608 DOI: 10.1007/bf03035711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, both acrylamide and acrylic acid inhibited creatine kinase (CK) activity in rat brain homogenates, and acrylic acid was more potent than acrylamide. In vivo, however, when given i.p. 50 mg/kg per day for 8 days to rats, only acrylamide inhibited CK activity in the brain and caused apparent neurological signs. 14C in the brain 24h after the injection of 14C-labelled chemicals was more than 7 times greater with acrylamide than with acrylic acid. The inhibition of CK activity by acrylamide varied in eight regions of the brain; from 54% in hypothalamus to 27% in cerebellar vermis. The regional difference of CK inhibition, however, did not agree well with either 14C distribution or with the distribution in regions which appear clinically or pathologically vulnerable to acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kohriyama
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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32
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Gupta RC, Goad JT, Kadel WL. Protection and reversal by memantine and atropine of carbofuran-induced changes in biomarkers. Drug Dev Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430280205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Weller R, Buschbom R, Martell S, Baer J, Málaga C, Ragan H. Total serum creatine kinase and isozyme concentrations in the owl monkey. J Med Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1991.tb00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Weller
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
| | - R.L. Buschbom
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
| | - S.L. Martell
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
| | - J.F. Baer
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
| | - C.A. Málaga
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
| | - H.A. Ragan
- BattellePacific Northwest LaboratoriesRichlandWAU.S.A
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34
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Hadberg A, Hassager C, Hildebrandt P, Christiansen C. Comparison of two immunoinhibitory methods with agarose gel-electrophoresis for measuring the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in serum from cases of suspected myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE CHEMIE UND KLINISCHE BIOCHEMIE 1990; 28:453-8. [PMID: 2230663 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1990.28.7.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two immunoinhibitory methods for measuring creatine kinase-MB (a dry chemical and a wet chemical method) were compared with the commonly used agarose gel electrophoretic method, using 563 serum samples from 235 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Comparison of the electrophoretic and the dry chemistry methods showed the linear relationship: electrophoretic method = -6.5 U/l + 1.22 x dry chemistry method, r = 0.943. For the wet chemistry method the relationship was: electrophoretic method = -7.2 U/l + 1.19 x wet chemistry method, r = 0.854. Parallel determinations of total creatine kinase were also done and the methods were virtually identical in performance. Compared with the electrophoretic method (which showed a 15% prevalence of acute myocardial infarction), these classifications showed sensitivities of 0.92 and 0.67 and specificities of 0.94 and 0.99 (dry and wet chemistry, respectively; using methods recommended by the manufacturers). After optimization of discriminators the sensitivity was increased to 0.94/0.92 and the specificity to 0.99/0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hadberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Driessen-Kletter MF, Amelink GJ, Bär PR, van Gijn J. Myoglobin is a sensitive marker of increased muscle membrane vulnerability. J Neurol 1990; 237:234-8. [PMID: 2391544 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changes in muscle proteins in serum after exercise were studied to evaluate the use of such proteins as indicators of increased muscle membrane vulnerability. Seventy-one women were asked to perform bicycle exercise for 45 min at a moderate load; four proteins (creatine kinase - CK, myoglobin - Mb, aldolase - Ald and pyruvate kinase - PK) were measured in serum up to 24 h after exercise. Twenty-one women were carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD); these are known to show an elevated serum CK activity at rest, as well as increased CK response after exercise. Fifty women without a family history of neuromuscular disease were tested to obtain normal values: they showed a small peak (18%) of CK activity 8 h after exercise, and an even smaller peak of Mb (9%) 1 h after exercise. The mean post-exercise increase for both CK and Mb in the 21 DMD carriers was significantly higher than in controls; the maximum of Mb, on average 70% of baseline levels, was reached 1 h after exercise and was higher than that for CK (48%), which was reached 8 h after exercise. It is concluded that myoglobin levels after exercise are a good index of increased vulnerability of the muscle membrane.
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36
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Amelink GJ, Koot RW, Erich WB, Van Gijn J, Bär PR. Sex-linked variation in creatine kinase release, and its dependence on oestradiol, can be demonstrated in an in-vitro rat skeletal muscle preparation. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1990; 138:115-24. [PMID: 2316375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) release from male and female rat soleus muscles was studied for 4.5 h in vitro, under basal conditions and after electrical stimulation. Basal CK release was greater from male than from female muscles, and CK release from male muscles increased significantly when the muscle tension in the in-vitro set-up was increased. CK release after electrical stimulation was also more marked in male soleus muscles. Pretreatment of male rats and ovariectomized female rats with oestradiol for 3 weeks attenuated the enzyme efflux, but ovariectomy 24 h before in females, or oestradiol administration 24 h before in males, did not affect the release of CK in vitro. The data show that sex-linked differences in CK efflux are still present, under both basal and stimulated conditions, when muscles are isolated from the intact animal, and that hormone treatment of the intact animal affects these properties in the isolated muscle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Amelink
- Department of Neurology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Matsuoka M, Igisu H, Lin J, Inoue N. Effects of acrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide on creatine kinase activity. Brain Res 1990; 507:351-3. [PMID: 2337777 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90297-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro, both acrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide inhibited creatine kinase (CK) activity from brain or sciatic nerve with almost the same potency. In vivo, only acrylamide (50 mg/kg b. wt./day, 8 days) caused paralysis of hind limbs and suppressed CK activity in cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord and muscle in rats. Bis-acrylamide (50 mg or 100 mg/kg b. wt./day, 8 days) caused no paralysis nor inhibition of CK activity in any tissue examined. Definite inhibition of CK was not found in sciatic nerve from rats given either chemical. The inhibition of CK may play a role in the genesis of toxicity of acrylamide especially in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsuoka
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universtiy of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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38
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Matsuoka M, Igisu H, Inoue N, Hori H, Tanaka I. Inhibition of creatine kinase activity by ethylene oxide. BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 1990; 47:44-47. [PMID: 2310706 PMCID: PMC1035093 DOI: 10.1136/oem.47.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of rats to 500 ppm ethylene oxide for six hours a day, three times a week, for 12 weeks, lowered serum creatine kinase activity by more than 40%. The only other change was a slightly decreased triglyceride concentration. After four weeks of exposure, neither aspartate aminotransferase nor lactate dehydrogenase activity in brain, spinal cord, and muscle was affected but creatine kinase activity was clearly inhibited. In vitro, ethylene oxide inhibited creatine kinase activity in brain homogenate and in a purified muscle enzyme preparation. Dithiothreitol did not counteract the effect of ethylene oxide. Though the amount of sulphydryl groups in purified creatine kinase was decreased considerably by exposure to ethylene oxide, the enzyme still showed moderate activity. Thus ethylene oxide inhibits creatine kinase activity in vivo and in vitro and the inhibition appears to be unrelated to the disruption of sulphydryl groups in the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsuoka
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyuahu, Japan
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39
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Buckley-Bleiler R, Maughan RJ, Clarkson PM, Bleiler TL, Whiting PH. Serum creatine kinase activity after isometric exercise in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Exp Aging Res 1989; 15:195-8. [PMID: 2638639 DOI: 10.1080/03610738908259775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to examine the response of women of different ages to exercise-induced muscle damage. Twenty-four women were placed into 3 groups: a postmenopausal group (POST) of 6 women aged 52.8 (2.1) years [mean (SD)] who were at least 2 years without menses; a premenopausal group (PRE) of 10 women aged 43.6 (2.2) years with regular menstrual cycles of 27 (2) days; and a young (YNG) group of 8 women aged 24.6 (3.5) years with regular cycles of 31 (4) days. Serum 17 beta-estradiol measures were taken to confirm menopausal status. Three-month diaries were used to determine regular cycles. Subjects performed 40 maximal isometric knee extensions with a work:rest ratio of 10:20 seconds. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK), muscle soreness (MS), and maximal isometric strength (MVC) were assessed 24 hours prior to, immediately prior to, and 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Subjects experienced significant (p less than .01) increases in CK and MS, and significant decrements in MVC, with peak changes at 24 or 48 hours. Thus, isometric exercise caused slight muscle damage and muscle weakness. No significant differences among the groups were found for any measure (p greater than .05). Thus, estrogen does not seem to serve as a factor in protecting the muscle from damage due to moderate isometric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Buckley-Bleiler
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003
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40
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Brazeau GA, Fung HL. An in vitro model to evaluate muscle damage following intramuscular injections. Pharm Res 1989; 6:167-70. [PMID: 2762216 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015940811827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An isolated rat muscle preparation was developed to screen for muscle damage (myotoxic potential) following intramuscular injections. Myotoxicity is evaluated by the total cumulative efflux of the enzyme creatine kinase from the extensor digitorum longus muscle into the incubation medium over a 2-hr period or by the slope of the cumulative creatine kinase efflux curve. The system allows for rapid screening of compounds and/or formulations regarding their myotoxic potential and is not sensitive to fluctuations of in vivo creatine kinase levels caused by animal handling or patient conditions. A good rank-order correlation was obtained between this in vitro technique and the in vivo myotoxicity of a number of pharmaceutical formulations, as indicated by circulating creatine kinase levels and histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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41
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Bais R, Conyers RA, Rofe AM, Tormet RI, Geary TD. Creatine kinase reference intervals determined from a multi-centre data pool. Pathology 1988; 20:367-72. [PMID: 3071772 DOI: 10.3109/00313028809085221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reference intervals for creatine kinase assayed at 37 degrees C using N-acetyl cysteine-activated methods have been determined on data obtained from 10 laboratories throughout Australia. The pooled distributions for males and females are skewed towards higher values and cannot be transformed to Gaussian distributions. The reference interval for females was calculated to be 34 to 180 U/l and for males it was 46 to 300 U/l. However, if creatine kinase is to be used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, the upper limit of the reference interval for males is considered to be too high. It is concluded that for males, the upper limit may need to be determined on specific populations such as hospital inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bais
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
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42
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Amelink GJ, Kamp HH, Bär PR. Creatine kinase isoenzyme profiles after exercise in the rat: sex-linked differences in leakage of CK-MM. Pflugers Arch 1988; 412:417-21. [PMID: 3174399 DOI: 10.1007/bf01907561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in creatine kinase (CK) activity and CK isoenzyme profiles in plasma after exercise were studied in rats in order to establish the source of the exercise-induced rise in CK activity. Male and female rats ran on a treadmill for 2 h and blood samples, taken before and after exercise, were assayed for total CK, CK isoenzymes and aminoaspartate transaminase (AST) activity. These enzymes were also assayed in homogenates of liver and several muscles. We found that the isoenzyme composition of liver, plasma and muscle did not differ between the sexes. However, the exercise-induced CK and AST responses did differ: CK and AST increased after exercise in males (101% and 15% resp.), but much less in females (47% and 1%). Although the isoenzyme profiles in rest did not differ, significant differences were observed after running: in males CK-MM increased with 678%, but females only showed a 114% increase. In contrast, CK-BB showed a small increase that was about the same for both sexes (males 41%, females 35%). We conclude that both males and females show a small and similar increase in CK-BB activity after exercise, and that a large release of CK-MM from skeletal muscle, observed only in males, accounts for sex-linked differences reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Amelink
- Research Laboratory Neurology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Rossi AM, Savarese N, Cotrufo R. Innervation is required to stabilize and amplify creatine kinase activity in regenerated extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 1987; 5:429-33. [PMID: 3503514 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(87)90020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural control of creatine kinase (CK, adenosine 5'-triphosphate creatine phosphotransferase: EC 2.7.3.2) was investigated by measuring enzymatic activity and isoenzymatic representation of CK in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of adult rats during and after regeneration. Experimental models were ischemized EDLs, reversibly or permanently denervated. Results showed that, during regeneration, CK in muscle fibers was likewise modified in both reversibly and permanently denervated EDLs. After regeneration a clear dichotomy was observed between the regenerated EDLs which were innervated and recovering CK activity, and those in which innervation was prevented and were rapidly losing activity. Further to investigate the neural influence on CK turnover, merely denervated age-matched EDLs were analysed and found to lose CK activity rapidly. The major conclusions are that during regeneration muscle CK is autonomously expressed, but following regeneration neural influence becomes an absolute requirement for stabilization and amplification of CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rossi
- Second Division of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Italy
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44
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45
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Mairiaux P, Bettonville MN, Mawet M, Malchaire J. Serum creatine kinase relationship to postural constraints in manual work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1986; 58:61-8. [PMID: 3721591 DOI: 10.1007/bf00378541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum creatine kinase (CK) variations during work and subjective assessments of postural discomfort were analysed in 30 workers assigned to three different tasks in a rolling mill. After four days of work, serum CK levels were significantly increased above control levels. No difference was found between the tasks studied. Inter-individual variability in CK response was large: a marked CK increase was only seen in 21 workers, while 5 workers showed a marked CK decrease. The postural discomfort sensations increased with work in each group, with their location in the body being related to the characteristics of each task or workplace. No relationship was found between the postural discomfort scores and CK changes. Results showed that determination of an individual baseline CK level was difficult to achieve in an occupational setting. It is concluded that CK variations cannot reliably be used in the field for detection of individuals exposed to excessive postural constraints. Their use as a screening tool in groups of workers assigned to similar tasks deserves further study.
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Abstract
Four patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung who had initial chest x-rays that did not reveal the cancer showed striking elevations of serum creatine kinase BB isoenzyme, which suggested the diagnosis and directed the subsequent evaluation. Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme elevation with widespread small cell carcinoma of the lung is probably more common than currently recognized, and is a useful diagnostic indicator for extensive stage small cell lung cancer, even in the absence of central nervous system metastases.
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47
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Marsh KL, Grossman SH. A computer simulation of the electrophoretic separation and detection of the isozymes of creatine kinase. Comput Biol Med 1985; 15:259-67. [PMID: 3930142 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(85)90009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A program is described, written in BASIC for the Apple II + Computer, which allows for the simulation of a typical experiment in electrophoresis. The subject of the simulation is the separation and detection of the isozymes of creatine kinase, which are important in the diagnosis of several disorders, including myocardial infarction. The program allows the user to investigate the effects of several variables on electrophoretic mobility and includes simulations of isozyme patterns characteristic of specific pathological conditions.
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48
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Edwards RJ, Watts DC. Human 'creatine kinase conversion factor' identified as a carboxypeptidase. Biochem J 1984; 221:465-70. [PMID: 6433882 PMCID: PMC1144060 DOI: 10.1042/bj2210465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of partially purified 'creatine kinase conversion factor' on rabbit muscle creatine kinase is shown to be that of a carboxypeptidase, removing the C-terminal lysine residue from both subunits. These changes fully explain the three-banded electrophoretic patterns of the partially and the fully modified rabbit and human enzymes. The factor also produces a similar electrophoretic pattern with haemoglobin A; comparison with the effects of carboxypeptidases A and B permits the inference that the C-terminal residues of both alpha- and beta-subunits are removed. Small synthetic peptides are poor or non-substrates. A low activity with hippuryl-L-lysine may be due to contamination of the preparation with carboxypeptidase N. The possibility has been excluded that the action of conversion factor on creatine kinase involves modification of the protein thiol groups. Mr, substrate-specificity, pH-activity profile and the effects of metal ions distinguish creatine kinase conversion factor from carboxypeptidases A, B and N. On the basis of this evidence it is proposed to give the conversion factor the provisional name of carboxypeptidase K.
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49
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Rosenblum AM, Ludbrook PA, Jaffe AS. Significance of elevated MB creatine kinase in patients after cardiac catheterization. CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS 1984; 10:547-52. [PMID: 6509541 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1810100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the etiology of elevations in plasma MB creatine kinase (CK) in patients after cardiac catheterization, we studied 32 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography. Total CK and MB CK were within the normal range in all patients prior to catheterization. Total CK activity rose from a mean of 61.46 +/- 33.8 IU/1 (SD) to 141 +/- 105 in the first sample after catheterization (p less than .005) and 121.6 +/- 92.4 in the second catheterization sample (p less than .0005). The MB CK activity also rose from a mean of 3.2 +/- 1.6 IU/1 prior to catheterization to a maximum value of 5.0 +/- 2.9. The mean increase in MB CK, though statistically significant (p less than .005), was only 1.8 IU/1. Only one patient's value for MB CK rose to outside of the normal range (greater than 12) likely due to cardiac injury. Thus, our data document that marked elevations in MB CK after cardiac catheterization are unusual. They likely represent cardiac muscle injury rather than MB CK released due to skeletal muscle injury induced by the catheterization itself.
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