1
|
Ebrahimi KS, Hosseyni Moghaddam MS, Ansari M, Nowroozi A, Shahlaei M, Moradi S. Proposing of fungal endophyte secondary metabolites as a potential inhibitors of 2019-novel coronavirus main protease using docking and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38285617 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the inhibitory potential of 99 fungal derived secondary metabolites was predicted against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using of computational approaches. This protein plays an important role in replication and is one of the important targets to inhibit viral reproduction. Among the 99 reported compounds, the 9 of them with the highest binding energy to Mpro obtained from the molecular docking method were selected for the molecular dynamic simulations. The compounds were then investigated by using the SwissADME serve to evaluate the compounds in terms of pharmacokinetic and druglikness properties. The overall results of different analysis show that the compound RKS-1778 is potentially more effective than others and form strong complexes with viral protease. It also had better pharmacokinetic properties than other metabolites, so predicted to be a suitable candidate as anti SARS-CoV-2 bioactive.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Sadat Ebrahimi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohabbat Ansari
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Nowroozi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Digra S, Nonzom S. An insight into endophytic antimicrobial compounds: an updated analysis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 17:1-31. [PMID: 37359493 PMCID: PMC10013304 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-023-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Resistance in micro-organisms against antimicrobial compounds is an emerging phenomenon in the modern era as compared to the traditional world which brings new challenges to discover novel antimicrobial compounds from different available sources, such as, medicinal plants, various micro-organisms, like, bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, and endophytes. Endophytes reside inside the plants without exerting any harmful impact on the host plant along with providing ample of benefits. In addition, they are capable of producing diverse antimicrobial compounds similar to their host, allowing them to serve as useful micro-organism for a range of therapeutic purposes. In recent years, a large number of studies on the antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi have been carried out globally. These antimicrobials have been used to treat various bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in humans. In this review, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds along with their various benefits to their host have been focused on. In addition, classification systems of endophytic fungi as well as the need for antimicrobial production with genetic involvement and some of the vital novel antimicrobial compounds of endophytic origin can further be utilized in the pharmaceutical industries for various formulations along with the role of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Digra
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramírez-Villalobos JM, Gomez-Flores R, Velázquez-Flores PV, Morán-Santibáñez KS, Tamez-Guerra P, Pérez-González O, de la Garza-Ramos MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Romo-Sáenz CI. Effect of Culture Conditions of Lophocereus marginatus Endophytic Fungi on Yield and Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20053948. [PMID: 36900961 PMCID: PMC10001847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts from the cactus Lophocereus marginatus, under different culture conditions. The strains Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cladosporium sp. were fermented in different culture media (potato dextrose agar, Czapeck broth, and malt broth), types of inoculums (spore or mycelium), and shaking conditions (150 rpm or static) for one week. Methanol extracts were obtained from mycelia, which was followed by determining their yields and evaluating their effect on L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells growth and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, using the 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. We determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of tumor cell growth inhibition, the selectivity index (SI), and the antioxidant activity, as compared with the healthy cells control. The best yields were obtained with the Czapeck broth medium in all the evaluated strains, reaching values of 50.3%. Of the 48 extracts evaluated, only seven significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited tumor cell growth (IC50 < 250 µg/mL). A. versicolor extract showed the highest anticancer activity, after culturing spores (IC50 = 49.62 µg/mL; SI = 15.8) or mycelium (IC50 = 69.67 µg/mL; SI = 12.2) in malt broth, under static conditions. Extracts did not present significant antioxidant activity. In conclusion, we showed that culture conditions influenced the anticancer activity of L. marginatus endophytic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesica María Ramírez-Villalobos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Priscilla Viridiana Velázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Karla Selene Morán-Santibáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Orquídea Pérez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - César Iván Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
- Universidad Emiliano Zapata, Avenida Rodrigo Gómez, Sector Heroico S/N, Monterrey 64260, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang WJ, Liao LX, Huang ZD, Wei FT, Yang XL. Thiazolo[5,4- b]pyridine Alkaloid and Seven ar-Bisabol Sesquiterpenes Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35280-35287. [PMID: 36211040 PMCID: PMC9535718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the secondary metabolites present in Penicillium janthinellum MPT-25, an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilger) Florin. Chemical characterization of the solid cultured extract resulted in the isolation of 11 compounds, including eight previously undescribed metabolites: a thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine alkaloid, janthinedine A (1), and seven ar-bisabol sesquiterpenes, janthinepenes A-G (2-8). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of extensive spectroscopic methods, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD spectra. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated against seven agricultural pathogenic fungi and eight clinically drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei PP, Ai HL, Shi BB, Ye K, Lv X, Pan XY, Ma XJ, Xiao D, Li ZH, Lei XX. Paecilins F–P, new dimeric chromanones isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria curta E10, and structural revision of paecilin A. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922444. [PMID: 36118220 PMCID: PMC9478379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of eleven new dimeric chromanones, paecilins F-P (2–12), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria curta E10, along with four known analogs (1, 13–15). Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive experimental spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and equivalent circulating density (ECD) calculations. In addition, the structure of paecilin A, which was reported to be a symmetric C8-C8′ dimeric pattern, was revised by analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 showed antifungal activity against the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 μg/mL, and Compounds 8 and 10 showed antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli with the same minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 μg/mL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dos Reis JBA, do Vale HMM, Lorenzi AS. Insights into taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of Cerrado endophytic fungi: a review exploring an unique Brazilian biome and methodological limitations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:202. [PMID: 35999403 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and it is known for harboring a wide variety of endemic plant and microbial species, among which are endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing disease in host plants. Especially in the Cerrado biome, this group of microorganisms is still poorly studied and information on species estimation, ecological and evolutionary importance is not accurate and remains unknown. Also, it is extremely important to emphasize that great part of studies available on Cerrado endophytic fungi are national literature, including master's dissertations, course conclusion works or unpublished doctoral theses. The majority of these studies has highlighted that the endemic plant species are an important habitat for fungal endophytes, and new species have increasingly been described. Due to the lack of international literature on Cerrado endophytic fungi, the present review brings a bibliographic survey on taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of fungal endophytes from a unique environment. This review also emphasizes the importance of studying Brazilian endophytic fungi from Cerrado as a source of new technologies (biofertilizer and biocontroller), since they are secondary metabolite-producing organisms with different biological activities for biotechnological, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helson Mário Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Global regulatory factor VeA upregulates the production of antitumor substances in endophytic Fusarium solani. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1085-1100. [PMID: 35789442 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that endophytic fungi have the potential to produce antitumor active substances with novel structures and significant activities. In our previous studies, we isolated a Fusarium strain from the stem of the medicinal plant Nothapodytes pittosporoides (Oliv.). In this study, we identified this strain as Fusarium solani and found that its crude extract has significant antitumor activity against human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549). We overexpressed the global regulatory factor VeA in F. solani (VeAOE), resulting in a significant increase in antitumor activity. The MTT assay results showed that the inhibition rate of the VeAOE mutant extract on A549 cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the WT extract, as the IC50 decreased from 369.22 to 285.89 μg/mL, and the apoptosis ratio was significantly increased by approximately 4.86-fold. In VeAOE, accumulation of alkaloids, terpenoids, carboxylic acid derivatives, phenols and flavonoid metabolites with potential antitumor activity was significantly increased compared with WT based on metabolomic analysis. Additionally, transcriptome analysis found that the expression patterns of 48 genes related to antitumor activity were significantly changed in VeAOE, mainly involving glycosyl hydrolases, the Zn(2)-Cys(6) class, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase, and polyketide synthases. These results suggested that VeA mediated the antitumor activity of the metabolites in F. solani HB1-J1 by regulating multiple metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gakuubi MM, Ching KC, Munusamy M, Wibowo M, Liang ZX, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB. Enhancing the Discovery of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites From Fungal Endophytes Using Chemical Elicitation and Variation of Fermentation Media. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898976. [PMID: 35733953 PMCID: PMC9207341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms are an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, fungal endophytes obtained from A*STAR’s Natural Product Library (NPL) and previously isolated from different habitats of Singapore were investigated for their diversity, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. A total of 222 fungal strains were identified on the basis of sequence analysis of ITS region of the rDNA gene. The identified fungal strains belong to 59 genera distributed in 20 orders. Majority of the identified strains (99%; 219 strains) belong to the phylum Ascomycota, while two strains belonged to the phylum Basidiomycota, and only one strain was from Mucoromycota phylum. The most dominant genus was Colletotrichum accounting for 27% of all the identified strains. Chemical elicitation using 5-azacytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and variation of fermentation media resulted in the discovery of more bioactive strains. Bioassay-guided isolation and structure elucidation of active constituents from three prioritized fungal strains: Lophiotrema sp. F6932, Muyocopron laterale F5912, and Colletotrichum tropicicola F10154, led to the isolation of a known compound; palmarumycin C8 and five novel compounds; palmarumycin CP30, muyocopronol A-C and tropicicolide. Tropicicolide displayed the strongest antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus with an IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml but with a weaker activity against the Candida albicans presenting an IC50 of 7.1 μg/ml. Palmarumycin C8 revealed the best antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.1 and 2.1 μg/ml against MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Siew Bee Ng,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Endophytic Fungi: Key Insights, Emerging Prospects, and Challenges in Natural Product Drug Discovery. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020360. [PMID: 35208814 PMCID: PMC8876476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes define an important symbiotic association in nature and are established bio-reservoirs of plant-derived natural products. Endophytes colonize the internal tissues of a plant without causing any disease symptoms or apparent changes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in endophytes because of their beneficial effects on the production of novel metabolites of pharmacological significance. Studies have highlighted the socio-economic implications of endophytic fungi in agriculture, medicine, and the environment, with considerable success. Endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of well-known metabolites includes taxol from Taxomyces andreanae, azadirachtin A and B from Eupenicillium parvum, vincristine from Fusarium oxysporum, and quinine from Phomopsis sp. The discovery of the billion-dollar anticancer drug taxol was a landmark in endophyte biology/research and established new paradigms for the metabolic potential of plant-associated endophytes. In addition, endophytic fungi have emerged as potential prolific producers of antimicrobials, antiseptics, and antibiotics of plant origin. Although extensively studied as a “production platform” of novel pharmacological metabolites, the molecular mechanisms of plant–endophyte dynamics remain less understood/explored for their efficient utilization in drug discovery. The emerging trends in endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of novel bioactive metabolites, success stories of key pharmacological metabolites, strategies to overcome the existing challenges in endophyte biology, and future direction in endophytic fungi-based drug discovery forms the underlying theme of this article.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hridoy M, Gorapi MZH, Noor S, Chowdhury NS, Rahman MM, Muscari I, Masia F, Adorisio S, Delfino DV, Mazid MA. Putative Anticancer Compounds from Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungi: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:296. [PMID: 35011527 PMCID: PMC8746379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that exist almost ubiquitously inside the various tissues of living plants where they act as an important reservoir of diverse bioactive compounds. Recently, endophytic fungi have drawn tremendous attention from researchers; their isolation, culture, purification, and characterization have revealed the presence of around 200 important and diverse compounds including anticancer agents, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and antimycotics. Many of these anticancer compounds, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, and their derivatives, are currently being used clinically for the treatment of various cancers (e.g., ovarian, breast, prostate, lung cancers, and leukemias). By increasing the yield of specific compounds with genetic engineering and other biotechnologies, endophytic fungi could be a promising, prolific source of anticancer drugs. In the future, compounds derived from endophytic fungi could increase treatment availability and cost effectiveness. This comprehensive review includes the putative anticancer compounds from plant-derived endophytic fungi discovered from 1990 to 2020 with their source endophytic fungi and host plants as well as their antitumor activity against various cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Hridoy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (M.Z.H.G.); (S.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Isabella Muscari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Masia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Sabrina Adorisio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Foligno Nursing School and Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Foligno Nursing School and Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Md. Abdul Mazid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu X, Huang R, Yin WB. An Optimized and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 System for the Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:809. [PMID: 34682231 PMCID: PMC8539907 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are emerging as attractive producers of natural products with diverse bioactivities and novel structures. However, difficulties in the genetic manipulation of endophytic fungi limit the search of novel secondary metabolites. In this study, we improved the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation method by introducing the CRISPR/Cas9 system into endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. Using this approach, we performed genome editing such as site-specific gene insertion, dual-locus mutations, and long DNA fragment deletions in P. fici efficiently. The average efficiency for site-specific gene insertion and two-site gene editing was up to 48.0% and 44.4%, respectively. In addition, the genetic manipulation time with long DNA fragment (5-10 kb) deletion was greatly shortened to one week in comparison with traditional methods such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). Taken together, the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the endophytic fungus will accelerate the discovery of novel natural products and further biological study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seasonal Characterization of the Endophytic Fungal Microbiome of Mulberry ( Morus spp.) Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to Sclerotiniosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102052. [PMID: 34683372 PMCID: PMC8537754 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic microbiome is thought to play an important role in promoting plant growth and health. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent protocols, this study characterized the seasonal shifts in the endophytic fungal microbiota of four mulberry (Morus L.) cultivars having different levels of resistance to mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis. Core endophytes can be obtained by two approaches, and they were divided into two clusters by season. Spring samples harbored higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and α-diversity, while autumn samples had more sequences or isolates of the fungal class Dothideomycetes with the representative orders Capnodiales and Pleosporales. While comparing different mulberry cultivars, we found that the total number of OTUs in susceptible cultivars was higher than that of resistant cultivars, and Cladosporium sp. were observed in all. Notably, the causal agent of fruit sclerotiniosis (Scleromitrula shiraiana) was only detected in susceptible cultivars. Collectively, our work elucidated significant variations in the mulberry endophytic microbiome, mainly because of seasonal shifts, and the fact that the host cultivars and mulberry endophytic fungal community appeared to have a certain connection with the resistance level of mulberry fruit to sclerotiniosis. These results provided valuable information on the isolation and culturing of mulberry endophytes that could be applied to improve mulberry fruit production and health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gakuubi MM, Munusamy M, Liang ZX, Ng SB. Fungal Endophytes: A Promising Frontier for Discovery of Novel Bioactive Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:786. [PMID: 34682208 PMCID: PMC8538612 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, fungi have served as repositories of bioactive secondary metabolites that form the backbone of many existing drugs. With the global rise in infections associated with antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the growing burden of non-communicable disease, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular ailments, the demand for new drugs that can provide an improved therapeutic outcome has become the utmost priority. The exploration of microbes from understudied and specialized niches is one of the promising ways of discovering promising lead molecules for drug discovery. In recent years, a special class of plant-associated fungi, namely, fungal endophytes, have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds with unique chemistry and interesting biological activities. The present review focuses on endophytic fungi and their classification, rationale for selection and prioritization of host plants for fungal isolation and examples of strategies that have been adopted to induce the activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters to enhance the biosynthetic potential of fungal endophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
dos Santos IR, Abdel-Azeem AM, Mohesien MT, Piekutowska M, Sheir DH, da Silva LL, da Silva Castro C, Carvalho DDC, Bezerra JDP, Saad HA, Borges LL, Xavier-Santos S. Insights into the Bioprospecting of the Endophytic Fungi of the Medicinal Plant Palicourea rigida Kunth (Rubiaceae): Detailed Biological Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:689. [PMID: 34575727 PMCID: PMC8468907 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of plants from the Brazilian savanna are known for their medicinal properties. Many plants contain endophytic fungi, which lead to the production of bioactive compounds by both the fungi and their hosts. This study investigated the bioprospecting of endophytic fungi recovered from the leaves of Palicourea rigida, a native medicinal plant of the Brazilian savanna. Four fungal taxa (Colletotrichum sp. SXS649, Pestalotiopsis sp. SXS650, the order Botryosphaeriales SXS651, and Diaporthe sp. SXS652) were recovered. The phenolic, flavonoid, extracellular degrading enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, and tannase) and antioxidant activity of these taxa were determined. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that the Botryosphaeriales SXS651 extract displays a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 23.20 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Diaporthe sp. SXS652 extract exhibited an MIC of 27.00 mg mL-1 against Escherichia coli. The Colletotrichum sp. SXS649 isolate inhibited tumors in potato discs by 69% at a concentration of 9.70 mg mL-1. All isolates had potential bioremediation criteria against soil contaminated with soybean oil, as proved by a high percentage of germination of Lactuca sativa and a reduction in phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the taxa under investigation demonstrated antagonistic action to phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger, Inonotus rickii, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, and Coniophora puteana, with an inhibition range between 34.2% and 76.9%. The preliminary toxicity assessment showed that all isolates possessed an LC50 of less than 100 mg mL-1 to the microcrustacean Artemia salina. These results indicate that the endophytic fungi of the Brazilian savanna are promising candidates for biotechnological and industrial applications and, in agricultural applications, for the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Romeiro dos Santos
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa T. Mohesien
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Donia H. Sheir
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Division, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Lucas Leonardo da Silva
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Camila da Silva Castro
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | | | - Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
- Mycology Sector, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Hosam A. Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Leonardo Luiz Borges
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Solange Xavier-Santos
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tyagi G, Kapoor N, Chandra G, Gambhir L. Cure lies in nature: medicinal plants and endophytic fungi in curbing cancer. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:263. [PMID: 33996375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Success of targeted cancer treatment modalities has generated an ambience of plausible cure for cancer. However, cancer remains to be the major cause of mortality across the globe. The emergence of chemoresistance, relapse after treatment and associated adverse effects has posed challenges to the present therapeutic regimes. Thus, investigating new therapeutic agents of natural origin and delineating the underlying mechanism of action is necessary. Since ages and still in continuum, the phytochemicals have been the prime source of identifying bioactive agents against cancer. They have been exploited for isolating targeted specific compounds to modulate the key regulating signaling pathways of cancer pathogenesis and progression. Capsaicin (alkaloid compound in chilli), catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (phytochemicals in green tea), lutein (carotenoid found in yellow fruits), Garcinol (phenolic compound present in kokum tree) and many other naturally available compounds are also very valuable to develop the drugs to treat the cancer. An alternate repository of similar chemical diversity exists in the form of endophytic fungi inhabiting the medicinal plants. There is a high diversity of plant associated endophytic fungi in nature which are potent producers of anti-cancer compounds and offers even stronger hope for the discovery of an efficient anti-cancer drug. These fungi provide various bioactive molecules, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, quinines, steroids etc. exhibiting anti-cancerous property. The review discusses the relevance of phytochemicals in chemoprevention and as modulators of miRNA. The perspective advocates the imperative role of anti-cancerous secondary metabolites containing repository of endophytic fungi, as an alternative route of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248001 India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248001 India
| | - Lokesh Gambhir
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Theisinger SM, de Smidt O, Lues JFR. Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242969. [PMID: 33882058 PMCID: PMC8059861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are defined as aerosols that comprise particles of biological origin or activity that may affect living organisms through infectivity, allergenicity, toxicity, or through pharmacological or other processes. Interest in bioaerosol exposure has increased over the last few decades. Exposure to bioaerosols may cause three major problems in the food industry, namely: (i) contamination of food (spoilage); (ii) allergic reactions in individual consumers; or (iii) infection by means of pathogenic microorganisms present in the aerosol. The aim of this study was to characterise the culturable fraction of bioaerosols in the production environment of a fruit juice manufacturing facility and categorise isolates as harmful, innocuous or potentially beneficial to the industry, personnel and environment. Active sampling was used to collect representative samples of five areas in the facility during peak and off-peak seasons. Areas included the entrance, preparation and mixing area, between production lines, bottle dispersion and filling stations. Microbes were isolated and identified using 16S, 26S or ITS amplicon sequencing. High microbial counts and species diversity were detected in the facility. 239 bacteria, 41 yeasts and 43 moulds were isolated from the air in the production environment. Isolates were categorised into three main groups, namely 27 innocuous, 26 useful and 39 harmful bioaerosols. Harmful bioaerosols belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Candida were present. Although innocuous and useful bioaerosols do not negatively influence human health their presence act as an indicator that an ideal environment exists for possible harmful bioaerosols to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen M. Theisinger
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olga de Smidt
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jan F. R. Lues
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Pharmacological Potential of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Medicinal Plants: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:147. [PMID: 33671354 PMCID: PMC7922420 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microbes are microorganisms that colonize the intracellular spaces within the plant tissues without exerting any adverse or pathological effects. Currently, the world population is facing devastating chronic diseases that affect humans. The resistance of pathogens to commercial antibiotics is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic potential and effectiveness of antibiotics. Consequently, the need to search for novel, affordable and nontoxic natural bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi in developing new drugs with multifunction mechanisms to meet human needs is essential. Fungal endophytes produce invaluable bioactive metabolic compounds beneficial to humans with antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor properties, etc. Some of these bioactive compounds include pestacin, taxol, camptothecin, ergoflavin, podophyllotoxin, benzopyran, isopestacin, phloroglucinol, tetrahydroxy-1-methylxanthone, salidroside, borneol, dibenzofurane, methyl peniphenone, lipopeptide, peniphenone etc. Despite the aforementioned importance of endophytic fungal metabolites, less information is available on their exploration and pharmacological importance. Therefore, in this review, we shall elucidate the fungal bioactive metabolites from medicinal plants and their pharmacological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evaluation of Dimer of Epicatechin from an Endophytic Fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP on Acute Toxicity Levels, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cervical Cancer Activity in Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030654. [PMID: 33513835 PMCID: PMC7866062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, as the most frequent cancer in women globally and accounts almost 14% in India. It can be prevented or treated with vaccines, radiation, chemotherapy, and brachytherapy. The chemotherapeutic agents cause adverse post effects by the destruction of the neighboring normal cells or altering the properties of the cells. In order to reduce the severity of the side effects caused by the chemically synthesized therapeutic agents, the current research developed an anti-cancer agent dimer of epicatechin (DoE), a natural bioactive secondary metabolite (BSM) mediated from an endophytic fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP. The investigation has initiated with the evaluation of inhibiting the angiogenesis which is a main activity in metastasis, and it was assessed through Hen’s Egg Test on Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test; the BSM inhibited the growth of blood vessels in the developing chick embryo. Further the DoE was evaluated for its acute toxicity levels in albino mice, whereas the survival dose was found to be 1250 mg/kg and the lethal dose was 1500 mg/kg body weight of albino mice; hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were assessed. The anti-inflammatory responses of the DoE were evaluated in carrageenan induced Wistar rats and the reduction of inflammation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. By fixing the effective dose for anti-inflammation analysis, the DoE was taken for the anti-cervical cancer analysis in benzo (a) pyrene induced female Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 days trial. After the stipulated days, the rats were taken for hematological antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO), member bound enzymes, cervical histopathological and carcinogenic markers analyses. The results specified that the DoE has the capability of reducing the tumor in an efficient way. This is the first report of flavonoid-DoE production from an endophytic fungus C. australiensis has the anticancer potentiality and it can be stated as anti-cancer drug.
Collapse
|
19
|
Recent findings on the role of fungal products in the treatment of cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:197-204. [PMID: 32557335 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In modern medicine, natural products have aided humans against their battles with cancer. Among these products, microorganisms, medicinal herbs and marine organisms are considered to be of great benefit. In recent decades, more than 30 fungal immunity proteins have been identified and proved to be extractable from a wide range of fungi, including mushrooms. Although chemotherapy is used to overcome cancer cells, the side effects of this method are of great concern in clinical practice. Fungal products and their derivatives constitute more than 50% of the clinical drugs currently being used globally. Approximately 60% of the clinically approved drugs for cancer treatment have natural roots. Anti-tumor immunotherapy is prospective with a rapidly growing market worldwide due to its high efficiency, immunity, and profit. Polysaccharide extracts from natural sources are being used in clinical and therapeutic trials on cancer patients. This review aims to present the latest findings in cancer treatment through isolated and extraction of fungal derivatives and other natural biomaterials.
Collapse
|
20
|
Torres-Mendoza D, Ortega HE, Cubilla-Rios L. Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E58. [PMID: 32370098 PMCID: PMC7344749 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host's resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. We examined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Biological Activity of Endophytic Fungi from the Roots of the Medicinal Plant Vernonia anthelmintica. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040586. [PMID: 32316675 PMCID: PMC7232482 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were first isolated from the fresh root of the Chinese medicinal plant Vernonia anthelmintica collected from the Hotan Prefecture within the Xinjiang Autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China. This plant has been used in Uyghur traditional medicine to treat vitiligo, a skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. In total, fifteen fungal strains were isolated. Among these, four endophytic fungi were identified by their DNA sequences and registered to GenBank with accession numbers. The isolates were identified as Schizophyllum commune XJA1, Talaromyces sp. XJA4, Aspergillus sp. XJA6, Aspergillus terreus XJA8. Ethyl acetate extracts of all fungal strains were used to quantify melanin content and to identify in vitro biological activity assays including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and tyrosinase activity on B16 cells. Among the extracts of all four identified strains, the ethyl acetate extract of the Aspergillus sp. XJA6 was chosen for further characterization because it presented the highest biological activity against these tests. In addition, twenty four volatile compounds from the petroleum ether fraction were characterized by GC–MS.
Collapse
|
22
|
Duan X, Xu F, Qin D, Gao T, Shen W, Zuo S, Yu B, Xu J, Peng Y, Dong J. Diversity and bioactivities of fungal endophytes from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31822262 PMCID: PMC6902458 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study involves diversity and biological activities of the endophytic fungal community from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study has been conducted hypothesizing that the microbial communities in the TGR area would contribute to the host plant tolerating a range of abiotic stress such as summer flooding, infertility, drought, salinity and soil erosion etc., and they may produce new metabolites, which may possess plentiful bioactive property, especially antioxidant activity. Therefore in the current study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 154 endophytes recovered from D. chinense have been investigated. Furthermore, the active metabolites of the most broad-spectrum bioactive strain have also been studied. RESULTS A total of 154 fungal endophytes were isolated from roots and stems. They were categorized into 30 morphotypes based on cultural characteristics and were affiliated with 27 different taxa. Among these, the most abundant fungal orders included Diaporthales (34.4%) and Botryosphaeriales (30.5%), which were predominantly represented by the species Phomopsis sp. (24.7%) and Neofusicoccum parvum (23.4%). Fermentation extracts were evaluated, screening for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Among the 154 isolates tested, 99 (64.3%) displayed significant antioxidant activity, 153 (99.4%) exhibited inclusive antimicrobial activity against at least one tested microorganism and 27 (17.5%) showed exclusive anticancer activity against one or more cancer cell lines. Specifically, the crude extract of Irpex lacteus DR10-1 exhibited note-worthy bioactivities. Further chemical investigation on DR10-1 strain resulted in the isolation and identification of two known bioactive metabolites, indole-3-carboxylic acid (1) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), indicating their potential roles in plant growth promotion and human medicinal value. CONCLUSION These results indicated that diverse endophytic fungal population inhabits D. chinense. One of the fungal isolate DR10-1 (Irpex lacteus) exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Further, its active secondary metabolites 1 and 2 also showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Animal Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiancong Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihao Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieru Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tapfuma KI, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola TE, Hussan R, Mekuto L, Makatini MM, Green E, Mavumengwana V. Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from Datura stramonium's fungal endophytes against A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines and LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 31752824 PMCID: PMC6873518 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi are a proven source of bioactive secondary metabolites that may provide lead compounds for novel drug discovery. In this study, crude extracts from fungal endophytes isolated from Datura stramonium were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on two human cancer cell lines. METHODS Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface sterilized aerial parts of D. stramonium and identified using molecular, morphological and phylogenetic methods. Ethyl acetate crude extracts from these isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines. Metabolite profiling was then performed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) for the cytotoxic crude extract. RESULTS Eleven fungal endophytes were identified from D. stramonium. Significant cytotoxicity was only observed from the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 on UMG87 glioblastoma cells (IC50 = 21.49 μg/ml). Metabolite profiling of this crude extract tentatively revealed the presence of the following secondary metabolites: 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1), anserinone B (2), phelligridin B (3), metacytofilin (4), phomopsidin (5) and vermixocin A (6). Compounds 2 and 3 have been shown to be cytotoxic in literature. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that the crude extract of Alternaria sp. KTDL7 possesses compound(s) cytotoxic to glioblastoma multiforme cells. Future studies to isolate and characterize the cytotoxic compound(s) from this fungus could result in lead development of a fungal-based drug for glioblastoma multiforme treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo L, Niu S, Chen S, Liu L. Diaporone A, a new antibacterial secondary metabolite from the plant endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 73:116-119. [PMID: 31666659 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diaporone A (1), one new dihydroisocoumarin derivative and four known α-dibenzopyrones, alternariol (2), 5'-hydroxyalternariol (3), alternariol 4,10-dimethyl ether (4), and alternariol 4-methyl ether (5) were isolated from the crude extract of the plant endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as HRESIMS and comparison with data from the literature. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with the MIC value of 66.7 μM, and exhibited weak cytotoxicity against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell line with IC50 value of 97.4 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Niu
- School of Biological Medicine, Beijing City University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ren F, Dong W, Yan DH. Organs, Cultivars, Soil, and Fruit Properties Affect Structure of Endophytic Mycobiota of Pinggu Peach Trees. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E322. [PMID: 31492017 PMCID: PMC6780621 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinggu peach (Prunus persica (L.)) has great economic and ecological value in north China. As a plant, the peach is naturally colonized by a variety of endophytic fungi, which are very important for tree growth and health. However, the mycobiota composition and their affecting factors of the peach trees are still unknown. In our study, the fungal communities in flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of the three cultivars (Dajiubao, Qingfeng, and Jingyan) of Pinggu peach trees and in the rhizosphere soils were investigated by both Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS rDNA and traditional culturing methods. For organs, except for roots, flowers had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the leaves had the lowest richness and diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla among samples. The fungal assemblage composition of each organ was distinctive. Fungal communities of the three cultivars also differed from each other. The fungal community structure significantly correlated with soil pH, soil K, fruit soluble solid content, and fruit titratable acidity with the redundancy analysis (RDA). Most isolated fungal strains can be found within high-throughput sequencing identified taxa. This study indicates that plant organs, the cultivars, the soil, and fruit properties may have profound effects on the endophytic fungal community structure associated with Pinggu peach trees. With this study, microbiota-mediated pathogen protection and fruit quality promotion associated with peach trees could be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China.
| | - Wei Dong
- China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection affiliated to State Forestry Administration of China, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luo X, Li N, Zhao X, Liao C, Ye R, Cheng C, Xu Z, Quan J, Liu J, Cao Y. DHRS2 mediates cell growth inhibition induced by Trichothecin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:300. [PMID: 31291971 PMCID: PMC6617617 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is fundamentally a deregulation of cell growth and proliferation. Cancer cells often have perturbed metabolism that leads to the alteration of metabolic intermediates. Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) belongs to short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, which is functionally involved in a number of intermediary metabolic processes and in the metabolism of lipid signaling molecules. DHRS2 displays closely association with the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and quiescence in cancers. METHODS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate the proliferative ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. We performed lipid metabolite profiling using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the proximal metabolite changes linked to DHRS2 overexpression. RNA sequencing technique combined with differentially expressed genes analysis was applied to identify the expression of genes responsible for the anti-tumor effect of trichothecin (TCN), a natural sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from an endophytic fungus. RESULTS Our current findings reveal that DHRS2 affects lipid metabolite profiling to induce cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition in NPC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TCN is able to induce growth inhibition of NPC in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating DHRS2. CONCLUSIONS Our report suggests that activating DHRS2 to reprogram lipid homeostasis may be a target for the development of targeted therapies against NPC. Moreover, TCN could be exploited for therapeutic gain against NPC by targeting DHRS2 and it may also be developed as a tool to enhance understanding the biological function of DHRS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Namei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoliang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Runxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morales-Sánchez V, Fe Andrés M, Díaz CE, González-Coloma A. Factors Affecting the Metabolite Productions in Endophytes: Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Metabolites. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:1855-1873. [PMID: 31241432 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190626154421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since 1980, many species and different strains from endophytic genera of Phomopsis, Fusarium, Pestaliopsis and Aspergillus have been studied because of their ability to produce medicinal compounds found in their host plants. Some of these medicinal agents such as Taxol, Brefeldine A, Camptothecin and Podophyllotoxin are being produced in large-scale after an optimization process. However, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce host-like medicinal compounds remains largely unexplored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Fe Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Elisa Díaz
- Instituto de Productos naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC. Avda. Astrofísico F. Sanchez, 3. 38206 La Laguna, Tenertife, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun W, Wu W, Liu X, Zaleta-Pinet DA, Clark BR. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Marine-Derived Microbes in China: 2009-2018. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E339. [PMID: 31174259 PMCID: PMC6628246 DOI: 10.3390/md17060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the research that was carried out regarding the isolation of bioactive compounds from marine-derived bacteria and fungi by China-based research groups from 2009-2018, with 897 publications being surveyed. Endophytic organisms featured heavily, with endophytes from mangroves, marine invertebrates, and marine algae making up more than 60% of the microbial strains investigated. There was also a strong focus on fungi as a source of active compounds, with 80% of publications focusing on this area. The rapid increase in the number of publications in the field is perhaps most notable, which have increased more than sevenfold over the past decade, and suggests that China-based researchers will play a major role in marine microbial natural products drug discovery in years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenhui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xueling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Diana A Zaleta-Pinet
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Benjamin R Clark
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Endophytic fungi exist in all known plants and play an important role for plant growth and health. As an important forest tree the Jingbai pear (the best quality cultivar of Pyrus ussuriensi Maxim. ex Rupr.) has great ecological as well as economic value in north China. However, the mycobiota of the pear tree is still unknown. In this study, the fungal communities in different organs of the tree and in rhizosphere soils were investigated by Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS rDNA. For organs, the roots had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the flowers had the lowest richness and diversity. The results demonstrated that each of the organs investigated harbored a distinctive fungal assemblage. Overall, Ascomycota was the most abundant phyla, followed by Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. Fungal communities from the different soils also differed from each other. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that fungal community structure correlated significantly with soil temperature, soil pH, soil nitrogen and soil carbon contents. The results indicate that plant organs, site conditions and soil properties may have important influences on the endophytic fungal community structure associated with Jingbai pear trees.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pedra NS, Galdino KDCA, da Silva DS, Ramos PT, Bona NP, Soares MSP, Azambuja JH, Canuto KM, de Brito ES, Ribeiro PRV, Souza ASDQ, Cunico W, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM, Braganhol E. Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Achyrocline satureioides Exhibits Selective Antiglioma Activity-The Role of Sch-642305. Front Oncol 2018; 8:476. [PMID: 30420941 PMCID: PMC6215846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor. Current treatment is palliative, making necessary the development of new therapeutic strategies to offer alternatives to patients. Therefore, endophytes represent an interesting source of natural metabolites with anticancer potential. These microorganisms reside in tissues of living plants and act to improve their growth. Evidence revealed that several medicinal plants are colonized by endophytic fungi producer of antitumor metabolites. Achyrocline satureioides is a Brazilian medicinal plant characterized by its properties against gastrointestinal disturbances, anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports describing the endophytic composition of A. satureioides. The present study proposes the isolation of endophytic fungus from A. satureioides, extract preparation, phytochemical characterization and evaluation of its antiglioma potential. Our data showed that crude extracts of endophyte decreased glioma viability with IC50 values of 1.60-1.63 μg/mL to eDCM (dichloromethane extract) and 37.30-55.12 μg/mL to eEtAc (ethyl acetate extract), respectively. Crude extracts induced cell death by apoptosis with modulation of redox status. In order to bioprospect anticancer metabolites, endophytic fungus extracts were subjected to guided fractionation and purification yielded five fractions of each extract. Six of ten fractions showed selective antiproliferative activity against glioma cells, with IC50 values ranged from 0.95 to 131.3 μg/mL. F3DCM (from eDCM) and F3EtAc (from eEtAc) fractions promoted C6 glioma toxicity with IC50 of 1.0 and 27.05 μg/mL, respectively. F3EtAc fraction induced late apoptosis and arrest in G2/M stage, while F3DCM promoted apoptosis with arrest in Sub-G1 phase. Moreover, F3DCM increased antioxidant defense and decreased ROS production. Additionally, F3DCM showed no cytotoxic activity against astrocytes, revealing selective effect. Based on promising potential of F3DCM, we identified the production of Sch-642305, a lactone, which showed antiproliferative properties with IC50 values of 1.1 and 7.6 μg/mL to C6 and U138MG gliomas, respectively. Sch-642305 promoted arrest on cell cycle in G2/M inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, this lactone decreased glioma cell migration and modulated redox status, increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and enhancing sulfhydryl content, consequently suppressing reactive species of oxygen generation. Taken together, these results indicate that metabolites produced by endophytic fungus isolated from A. satureioides have therapeutic potential as antiglioma agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kennia de Cássia Araújo Galdino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Treptow Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hoffstater Azambuja
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wilson Cunico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bilal S, Ali L, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Asaf S, Imran M, Kang SM, Kim SK, Lee IJ. Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1493-1502. [PMID: 30167726 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been used to obtain novel bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in medical and agricultural sectors, which can also act as lead targets for pharmaceutical and medicinal potential. In the present study, the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 isolated from the root of cucumber plant was tested for its enzyme inhibitory potential. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of LHL10 was screened for its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glucosidase, urease, and anti-lipid peroxidation. The findings suggest that the EtOAc extract from LHL10 possesses significant inhibitory potential against urease and α-glucosidase. The EtOAc extract was thus, subjected to advanced column chromatographic techniques for the isolation of pure compounds. The structure elucidation was carried out through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data, and these compounds were confirmed as known a sester-terpenoid (1) and a known cyclic peptide (2). The enzyme inhibition bioassay indicated that Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited remarkable inhibitory rate against α-glucosidase and urease, with an IC50 value of 61.80 ± 5.7, 75.68 ± 6.2 and 74.25 ± 4.3, 190.5 ± 10.31 µg/g, respectively. Thus, the current study concludes the enzyme inhibitory potential of endophyte LHL10 and provides the basis for further investigations of bioactive compounds, which could be used as potent drugs for enzyme inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kuk Kim
- Division of Crop Breeding, Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li SJ, Zhang X, Wang XH, Zhao CQ. Novel natural compounds from endophytic fungi with anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:316-343. [PMID: 30015071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plant endophytes are microorganisms that live in healthy plant tissues in part or all of their life history without causing obvious symptoms of infection in the host plants. Endophytes, a new type of microbial resource that can produce a variety of biological constituents, have great values for research and broad prospects for development. This article reviewed the research and development progress of endophytic fungi with cytotoxic activity between 2014 and 2017, including endophytic fungi sources, microbial taxonomy, compound classification and cytotoxic activity. The results showed that the 109 strains of endophytic fungi belong to 3 phyla, 7 classes and 50 genera. The secondary metabolites mainly contained alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, polyketides, quinones, isocoumarins, esters etc. The results of this study provide references for the development of new antitumor drugs and endophytes resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Chang-Qi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Q, Luan R, Li H, Liu Y, Liu P, Wang L, Li D, Wang M, Zou Q, Liu H, Matsuzaki K, Zhao F. Anti-inflammatory action of ambuic acid, a natural product isolated from the solid culture of Pestalotiopsis neglecta, through blocking ERK/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1538-1546. [PMID: 30116402 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambuic acid is an organic acid isolated from the solid culture of Pestalotiopsis neglecta, which is an endophytic fungus that widely exists in many species of plants. Ambuic acid has been reported to exert antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of ambuic acid on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The results demonstrated that ambuic acid significantly suppressed the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ambuic acid also inhibited the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) however, no inhibition of the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed. Further investigations indicated that ambuic acid downregulated the LPS-induced high expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins, as well as inhibited the enzymatic activity of iNOS and COX-2. In addition, ambuic acid suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by LPS. However, ambuic acid did not inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the degradation of IκB-α protein or the nuclear translocation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit. These results suggested that ambuic acid may exert anti-inflammatory action by blocking the activation of the ERK/JNK MAPK signaling pathway, without the involvement of the p38 MAPK or NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ruiling Luan
- Pharmacy Dispensing Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Huixiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Danna Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Yantai Branch of Shandong Technology Transfer Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Exploration of structurally novel natural products greatly facilitates the discovery of biologically active pharmacophores that are biologically validated starting points for the development of new drugs. Endophytes that colonize the internal tissues of plant species, have been proven to produce a large number of structurally diverse secondary metabolites. These molecules exhibit remarkable biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, to name but a few. This review surveys the structurally diverse natural products with new carbon skeletons, unusual ring systems, or rare structural moieties that have been isolated from endophytes between 1996 and 2016. It covers their structures and bioactivities. Biosynthesis and/or total syntheses of some important compounds are also highlighted. Some novel secondary metabolites with marked biological activities might deserve more attention from chemists and biologists in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Phylogenetic Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Marine Endophytic Fungi Derived from Red Sea Sponge Hyrtios erectus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:755-777. [PMID: 29327320 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Forty-four endophytic fungal isolates obtained from marine sponge, Hyrtios erectus, were evaluated and screened for their hydrolase activities. Most of the isolates were found to be prolific producers of hydrolytic enzymes. Only 11 isolates exhibited maximum cellular contents of lipids, rhamnolipids, and protein in the fungal isolates under the isolation numbers MERVA5, MERVA22, MERVA25, MERVA29, MERVA32, MERVA34, MERV36, MERVA39, MERVA42, MERVA43, and MERVA44. These isolate extracts exhibit the highest reducing activities against carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and tyrosinase. Consequently, based on morphological and cultural criteria, as well as sequence information and phylogenetic analysis, these isolates could be identified and designated as Penicillium brevicombactum MERVA5, Arthrinium arundinis MERVA22, Diaporthe rudis MERVA25, Aspergillus versicolor MERVA29, Auxarthron alboluteum MERVA32, Dothiorella sarmentorum MERVA34, Lophiostoma sp. MERVA36, Fusarium oxysporum MERVA39, Penicillium chrysogenum MERVA42, Penicillium polonicum MERVA43, and Trichoderma harzianum MERVA44. The endophytic fungal species, D. rudis MERVA25, P. polonicum MERVA43, Lophiostoma sp. MERVA36, A. alboluteum MERVA32, T. harzianum MERVA44, F. oxysporum MERVA39, A. versicolor MERVA29, and P. chrysogenum MERVA42 extracts, showed significant hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibition. Moreover, D. sarmentorum MERVA34, P. polonicum MERVA43, and T. harzianum MERVA44 extracts have the highest antitumor activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2).
Collapse
|
36
|
Mishra VK, Passari AK, Chandra P, Leo VV, Kumar B, Uthandi S, Thankappan S, Gupta VK, Singh BP. Determination and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, an endophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and TD-GC-MS analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186234. [PMID: 29049321 PMCID: PMC5648158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are reported as potent
producers of diverse classes of secondary metabolites. In the present study, an
endophytic fungi, Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31,
exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity was isolated from roots of
Mirabilis jalapa L., was identified by sequencing three
nuclear genes i.e. internal transcribed spacers ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA), 28S
ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF 1α).
Ethyl acetate extract of strain MJ31displayed significant antimicrobial
potential against Bacillus subtilis, followed by
Micrococccus luteus and Staphylococcus
aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.078, 0.156
and 0.312 mg/ml respectively. In addition, the strain was evaluated for its
ability to synthesize bioactive compounds by the amplification of polyketide
synthase (PKS) and non ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes. Further, seven
antibiotics (miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, ampicillin, streptomycin,
chloramphenicol, and rifampicin) were detected and quantified using
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Additionally, thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of strain MJ31 showed the presence of 28
volatile compounds. This is the first report on A.
clavatonanicus as an endophyte obtained from
M. jalapa. We conclude that
A. clavatonanicus strain MJ31 has prolific
antimicrobial potential against both plant and human pathogens and can be
exploited for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds and could be an
alternate source for the production of secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Preeti Chandra
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Vincent Vineeth Leo
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn
University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, National
University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Das A, Rahman MI, Ferdous AS, Amin A, Rahman MM, Nahar N, Uddin MA, Islam MR, Khan H. An endophytic Basidiomycete, Grammothele lineata, isolated from Corchorus olitorius, produces paclitaxel that shows cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178612. [PMID: 28636663 PMCID: PMC5479517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grammothele lineata, an endophyte isolated in our laboratory from jute (Corchorus olitorius acc. 2015) was found to be a substantial paclitaxel producer. Taxol and its related compounds, produced by this endophyte were extracted by growing the fungus in simple nutrient media (potato dextrose broth, PDB). Taxol was identified and characterized by different analytical techniques (TLC, HPLC, FTIR, LC-ESI-MS/MS) following its extraction by ethyl acetate. In PDB media, this fungus was found to produce 382.2 μgL-1 of taxol which is about 7.6 x103 fold higher than the first reported endophytic fungi, Taxomyces andreanae. The extracted taxol exhibited cytotoxic activity in an in vitro culture of HeLa cancer cell line. The fungal extract also exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activities against different pathogenic strains. This is the first report of a jute endophytic fungus harboring the capacity to produce taxol and also the first reported taxol producing species that belongs to the Basidiomycota phylum, so far unknown to be a taxol producer. These findings suggest that the fungal endophyte, Grammothele lineata can be an excellent source of taxol and can also serve as a potential species for chemical and genetic engineering to enhance further the production of taxol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avizit Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ahlan Sabah Ferdous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Al- Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nilufar Nahar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aftab Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Riazul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Haseena Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Genome editing approaches: manipulating of lovastatin and taxol synthesis of filamentous fungi by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3953-3976. [PMID: 28389711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are prolific repertoire of structurally diverse secondary metabolites of remarkable biological activities such as lovastatin and paclitaxel that have been approved by FDA as drugs for hypercholesterolemia and cancer treatment. The clusters of genes encoding lovastatin and paclitaxel are cryptic at standard laboratory cultural conditions (Kennedy et al. Science 284:1368-1372, 1999; Bergmann et al. Nature Chem Biol 3:213-217, 2007). The expression of these genes might be triggered in response to nutritional and physical conditions; nevertheless, the overall yield of these metabolites does not match the global need. Consequently, overexpression of the downstream limiting enzymes and/or blocking the competing metabolic pathways of these metabolites could be the most successful technologies to enhance their yield. This is the first review summarizing the different strategies implemented for fungal genome editing, molecular regulatory mechanisms, and prospective of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system in metabolic engineering of fungi to improve their yield of lovastatin and taxol to industrial scale. Thus, elucidating the putative metabolic pathways in fungi for overproduction of lovastatin and taxol was the ultimate objective of this review.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mefteh FB, Daoud A, Chenari Bouket A, Alenezi FN, Luptakova L, Rateb ME, Kadri A, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:307. [PMID: 28293229 PMCID: PMC5329013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore and compare the composition, metabolic diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi colonizing internal tissues of healthy and brittle leaf diseased (BLD) date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) widely cultivated in arid zones of Tunisia. A total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy and BLD roots of date palm trees, identified based on internal transcribed spacer-rDNA sequence analysis and shown to represent 13 species belonging to five genera. About 36.8% of isolates were shared between healthy and diseased root fungal microbiomes, whereas 18.4 and 44.7% of isolates were specific to healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes, respectively. All isolates were able to produce at least two of the screened enzymes including amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, protease, laccase and lipase. A preliminary screening of the isolates using disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activities against three phytopathogenic fungi indicated that healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes displayed interesting bioactivities against examined bacteria and broad spectrum bioactivity against fungal pathogens. Some of these endophytic fungi (17 isolates) were fermented and their extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal isolates. Results revealed that fungal extracts exhibited antibacterial activities and were responsible for approximately half of antifungal activities against living fungi. These results suggest a strong link between fungal bioactivities and their secondary metabolite arsenal. EtOAc extracts of Geotrichum candidum and Thielaviopsis punctulata originating from BLD microbiome gave best results against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.78 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (6.25 mg/mL). G. candidum gave the best result against Rhizoctonia solani with MIC 0.78 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC, 6.25 mg/mL). In conclusion, using plant microbiomes subjected to biotic stresses offers new endophytes with different bioactivities than those of healthy plants. Therefore, date palm endophytic fungi represent a hidden untapped arsenal of antibacterial and broad spectrum antifungal secondary metabolites and could be considered promising source of bioactive compounds with industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fedia B. Mefteh
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Daoud
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Chenari Bouket
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture UniversitySakai, Japan
| | | | - Lenka Luptakova
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Zoology and Radiobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and PharmacyKosice, Slovakia
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Science and Sport, University of the West of ScotlandPaisley, UK
| | - Adel Kadri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha UniversityAl Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neji Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Biotechnology, NextBiotechAgareb, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pei C, Mi C, Sun L, Liu W, Li O, Hu X. Diversity of endophytic bacteria of Dendrobium officinale based on culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1254067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Institute of Healthy Food, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ou Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Hangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian J, Fu L, Zhang Z, Dong X, Xu D, Mao Z, Liu Y, Lai D, Zhou L. Dibenzo-α-pyrones from the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. Samif01: isolation, structure elucidation, and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:387-396. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1205052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyun Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziling Mao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ngo HX, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Green KD. A complex game of hide and seek: the search for new antifungals. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1285-1306. [PMID: 27766140 PMCID: PMC5067021 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections directly affect millions of people each year. In addition to the invasive fungal infections of humans, the plants and animals that comprise our primary food source are also susceptible to diseases caused by these eukaryotic microbes. The need for antifungals, not only for our medical needs, but also for use in agriculture and livestock causes a high demand for novel antimycotics. Herein, we provide an overview of the most commonly used antifungals in medicine and agriculture. We also present a summary of the recent progress (from 2010-2016) in the discovery/development of new agents against fungal strains of medical/agricultural relevance, as well as information related to their biological activity, their mode(s) of action, and their mechanism(s) of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huy X. Ngo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Keith D. Green
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jia M, Chen L, Xin HL, Zheng CJ, Rahman K, Han T, Qin LP. A Friendly Relationship between Endophytic Fungi and Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:906. [PMID: 27375610 PMCID: PMC4899461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi or endophytes exist widely inside the healthy tissues of living plants, and are important components of plant micro-ecosystems. Over the long period of evolution, some co-existing endophytes and their host plants have established a special relationship with one and another, which can significantly influence the formation of metabolic products in plants, then affect quality and quantity of crude drugs derived from medicinal plants. This paper will focus on the increasing knowledge of relationships between endophytic fungi and medicinal plants through reviewing of published research data obtained from the last 30 years. The analytical results indicate that the distribution and population structure of endophytes can be considerably affected by factors, such as the genetic background, age, and environmental conditions of their hosts. On the other hand, the endophytic fungi can also confer profound impacts on their host plants by enhancing their growth, increasing their fitness, strengthening their tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses, and promoting their accumulation of secondary metabolites. All the changes are very important for the production of bioactive components in their hosts. Hence, it is essential to understand such relationships between endophytic fungi and their host medicinal plants. Such knowledge can be well exploited and applied for the production of better and more drugs from medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Department of Physiological Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool, UK
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cytotoxic and Antifungal Constituents Isolated from the Metabolites of Endophytic Fungus DO14 from Dendrobium officinale. Molecules 2015; 21:E14. [PMID: 26703552 PMCID: PMC6274016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel cytotoxic and antifungal constituents, (4S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1), (6S,2E)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (2), together with three known compounds, LL-P880γ (3), LL-P880α (4), and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (5) were isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungi from Dendrobium officinale. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated by cytotoxicity and antifungal effects. Our present results indicated that compounds 1–4 showed notable anti-fungal activities (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 50 μg/mL) for all the tested pathogens including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, compounds 1–4 possessed notable cytotoxcities against human cancer cell lines of HL-60 cells with the IC50 values of below 100 μM. Besides, compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 showed strong cytotoxities on the LOVO cell line with the IC50 values were lower than 100 μM. In conclusion, our study suggested that endophytic fungi of D. officinale are great potential resources to discover novel agents for preventing or treating pathogens and tumors.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wani ZA, Ashraf N, Mohiuddin T, Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S. Plant-endophyte symbiosis, an ecological perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2955-65. [PMID: 25750045 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endophytism is the phenomenon of mutualistic association of a plant with a microorganism wherein the microbe lives within the tissues of the plant without causing any symptoms of disease. In addition to being a treasured biological resource, endophytes play diverse indispensable functions in nature for plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and adaptation. Our understanding of endophytism and its ecological aspects are overtly limited, and we have only recently started to appreciate its essence. Endophytes may impact plant biology through the production of diverse chemical entities including, but not limited to, plant growth hormones and by modulating the gene expression of defense and other secondary metabolic pathways of the host. Studies have shown differential recruitment of endophytes in endophytic populations of plants growing in the same locations, indicating host specificity and that endophytes evolve in a coordinated fashion with the host plants. Endophytic technology can be employed for the efficient production of agricultural and economically important plants and plant products. The rational application of endophytes to manipulate the microbiota, intimately associated with plants, can help in enhancement of production of agricultural produce, increased production of key metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants, as well as adaption to new bio-geographic regions through tolerance to various biotic and abiotic conditions. However, the potential of endophytic biology can be judiciously harnessed only when we obtain insight into the molecular mechanism of this unique mutualistic relationship. In this paper, we present a discussion on endophytes, endophytism, their significance, and diverse functions in nature as unraveled by the latest research to understand this universal natural phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmed Wani
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180 001, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|