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Kushwaha M, Singh D, Akhter Y, Chatterjee S. Biodegradation of DEP, DIBP, and BBP by a psychrotolerant Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain P4: Degradation potentiality and mechanism study. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:254. [PMID: 38727835 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are human made chemicals widely used as plasticizers to enhance the flexibility of plastic products. Due to the lack of chemical bonding between phthalates and plastics, these materials can easily enter the environment. Deleterious effects caused by this chemo-pollutant have drawn the attention of the scientific community to remediate them from different ecosystem. In this context, many bacterial strains have been reported across different habitats and Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain P4 is among the few psychrotolerant bacterial species reported to biodegrade simple and complex phthalates. In the present study, biodegradation of three structurally different PAEs viz., diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) have been investigated by the strain P4. Quantitative analyses through High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the bacterium completely degraded 1 g/L of DEP, DIBP, and BBP supplemented individually in minimal media pH 7.0 within 72, 54, and 120 h of incubation, respectively, at 28 °C and under shake culture condition (180 rpm). In addition, the strain could grow in minimal media supplemented individually with up to 3 g/L of DEP and 10.0 g/L of DIBP and BBP at 28 °C and pH 7.0. The strain also could grow in metabolites resulting from biodegradation of DEP, DIBP, and BBP, viz. n-butanol, isobutanol, butyric acid, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Furthermore, phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid were also detected as degradation pathway metabolites of DEP and DIBP by HPLC, which gave an initial idea about the biodegradation pathway(s) of these phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Kushwaha
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Molecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India.
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Berns K, Haertel AJ. Excess prenatal loss and respiratory illnesses of infant macaques living outdoors and exposed to wildfire smoke. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23605. [PMID: 38342984 PMCID: PMC11229821 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change has transformed predictions of fire seasons in the near future, and record-breaking wildfire events have had catastrophic consequences in recent years. In September 2020, multiple wildfires subjected Oregon to hazardous air quality for several days. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to examine prenatal loss, morbidity, and mortality of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) exposed to poor air quality from the nearby wildfires. Detailed medical records from 2014 to 2020 of 580 macaques housed outdoors at a research facility in Beaverton, Oregon were used to evaluate the association between these health outcomes and wildfire smoke exposure. Logistic regression models estimated excess prenatal loss, hospitalization rates, respiratory problems, and mortality during and following the wildfire event, and Kruskal-Wallis statistics were used to determine if infant growth was affected by wildfire smoke exposure. Risk of pregnancy loss (relative risk = 4.1; p < 0.001) and odds of diagnosis with a respiratory problem (odds ratio = 4.47; p = 0.003) were higher in exposed infant macaques compared to nonexposed infants. Infant growth was not affected by poor air quality exposure. Our findings suggest wildfire smoke exposure poses a risk to the health of infants and pregnant individuals and should be monitored more closely in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Berns
- Division of Animal Resources and Research Support, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew J Haertel
- Division of Animal Resources and Research Support, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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Kim SM, Kim YH, Han GU, Kim SG, Bhang DH, Kim BG, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)-induced male germ cell toxicity and its alleviation approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114387. [PMID: 38123059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) is a commonly used plasticizer in manufacturing consumer and industrial products to improve flexibility and durability. Despite of the numerous studies, however, the direct mechanism underlying the male reproductive damage of DiBP is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the male germ cell toxicity of DiBP using GC-1 spermatogonia (spg) cells. Our results indicated that DiBP exposure causes oxidative stress and apoptosis in GC-1 spg cells. In addition, DiBP-derived autophagy activation and down-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways further inhibited GC-1 spg cell proliferation, indicating that DiBP can instigate male germ cell toxicity by targeting several pathways. Importantly, a combined treatment of parthenolide, N-acetylcysteine, and 3-methyladenine significantly reduced DiBP-induced male germ cell toxicity and restored proliferation. Taken together, the results of this study can provide valuable information to the existing literature by enhancing the understanding of single phthalate DiBP-derived male germ cell toxicity and the therapeutic interventions that can mitigate DiBP damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil Un Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Biattic Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Lee J, Chang SH, Cho YH, Kim JS, Kim H, Zaheer J, Lee G, Choi K, Yoon YS, Kim YA. Prenatal to peripubertal exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced endometrial atrophy and fibrosis in female mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115798. [PMID: 38086261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexy) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that is ubiquitously found in the environment. Using a mouse model, we investigated the impact of early life DEHP exposure ranging from the prenatal to peripubertal developmental period of the female reproductive system. Pregnant female mice were allocated to three groups as follows: control, 100 mg/kg/day, and 500 mg/kg/day DEHP treatment. DEHP exposure was introduced through feeding during pregnancy (3 weeks) and lactation (3 weeks). After weaning, the offspring were also exposed to DEHP through feeding for another 2 weeks. Observations were conducted on female offspring at 10 and 24 weeks. The number of live offspring per dam was significantly lower in the high-DEHP-exposed group (500 mg/kg/day) compared to the control group (7.67 ± 1.24 vs. 14.17 ± 0.31; p < 0.05) despite no difference in pregnancy rates across the groups. Low-DEHP exposure (100 mg/kg/day) resulted to a decreased body weight (36.07 ± 3.78 vs. 50.11 ± 2.11 g; p < 0.05) and decreased left uterine length (10.60 ± 1.34 vs. 14.77 ± 0.82 mm; p < 0.05) in 24-week- old female mice. As early as 10 weeks, endometrial atrophy and fibrosis were observed, and endometrial cystic hyperplasia was noted in female mice at 24 weeks. Our study is the first to demonstrate that female mice exposed to DEHP in the early life developed endometrial fibrosis in the female offspring. Further studies on the consequences of these observations in fecundity and other reproductive functions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Chang
- Departments of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10380, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, the Republic of Korea
| | - Javeria Zaheer
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, the Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Sook Yoon
- Departments of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10380, the Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10380, the Republic of Korea.
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Shukla R, Arshee MR, Laws MJ, Flaws JA, Bagchi MK, Wagoner Johnson AJ, Bagchi IC. Chronic exposure of mice to phthalates enhances TGF beta signaling and promotes uterine fibrosis. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 122:108491. [PMID: 37863342 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals widely used as plasticizers and stabilizers in various consumer products. Because of the extensive production and use of phthalates, humans are exposed to these chemicals daily. While most studies focus on a single phthalate, humans are exposed to a mixture of phthalates on a regular basis. The impact of continuous exposure to phthalate mixture on uterus is largely unknown. Thus, we conducted studies in which adult female mice were exposed for 6 months to 0.15 ppm and 1.5 ppm of a mixture of phthalates via chow ad libitum. Our studies revealed that consumption of phthalate mixture at 0.15 ppm and 1.5 ppm for 6 months led to a significant increase in the thickness of the myometrial layer compared to control. Further investigation employing RNA-sequencing revealed an elevated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in the uteri of mice fed with phthalate mixture. TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of fibrosis, a consequence of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen fibers in a tissue. Consistent with this observation, we found a higher incidence of collagen deposition in uteri of mice exposed to phthalate mixture compared to unexposed controls. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging showed disorganized collagen fibers and nanoindentation indicated a local increase in uterine stiffness upon exposure to phthalate mixture. Collectively, our results demonstrate that chronic exposure to phthalate mixture can have adverse effects on uterine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Shukla
- Departments of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mahmuda R Arshee
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mary J Laws
- Departments of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Departments of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Milan K Bagchi
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amy J Wagoner Johnson
- Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Indrani C Bagchi
- Departments of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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6
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Silva TD, Alves C, Oliveira H, Duarte IF. Biological Impact of Organic Extracts from Urban-Air Particulate Matter: An In Vitro Study of Cytotoxic and Metabolic Effects in Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16896. [PMID: 38069233 PMCID: PMC10706705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with diameters below 10 µm (PM10) may enter the lungs through inhalation and are linked to various negative health consequences. Emergent evidence emphasizes the significance of cell metabolism as a sensitive target of PM exposure. However, the current understanding of the relationship between PM composition, conventional toxicity measures, and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic processes remains limited. In this work, PM10 sampled at a residential area (urban background, UB) and a traffic-impacted location (roadside, RS) of a Portuguese city was comprehensively characterized in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and plasticizers. Epithelial lung cells (A549) were then exposed for 72 h to PM10 organic extracts and different biological outcomes were assessed. UB and RS PM10 extracts dose-dependently decreased cell viability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and modulated the intracellular metabolic profile. Interestingly, the RS sample, richer in particularly toxic PAHs and plasticizers, had a greater metabolic impact than the UB extract. Changes comprised significant increases in glutathione, reflecting activation of antioxidant defences to counterbalance ROS production, together with increases in lactate, NAD+, and ATP, which suggest stimulation of glycolytic energy production, possibly to compensate for reduced mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, a number of other metabolic variations hinted at changes in membrane turnover and TCA cycle dynamics, which represent novel clues on potential PM10 biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Célia Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Zhang Y, Li J, Shi W, Lu L, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Liu R, Pu Y, Yin L. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces reproductive toxicity and transgenerational reproductive aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122259. [PMID: 37541378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
With the large-scale production and use of plastic products, the global plastic pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. The plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in the production of plastics, has caused great concern for the health of the population. Exposure of organisms to DEHP can cause a variety of health damage, of which reproductive system damage is an important part. At present, there are still few studies on DEHP in reproductive aging, and it is of great significance to explore the role of DEHP in promoting reproductive aging and its underlying mechanism. In this study, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to preliminarily explore the mechanism of DEHP-induced female reproductive senescence. The results showed that DEHP reduced the number of offspring and gonad area of C. elegans, resulting in shortened reproductive and life span, abnormal phenotypes in somatic gonad structure including the Emo phenotype, the BOW phenotype, a twisted gonad arm, and atrophied oocytes. Biochemical studies showed that DEHP promoted oxidative stress and autophagy in C. elegans. Further, we found the decreased number of offspring, malformed somatic gonad structure, oxidative damage and autophagy induced by DEHP in parental worms can be inheritance to the not directly exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Hannon PR, Akin JW, Curry Jr TE. Exposure to a phthalate mixture disrupts ovulatory progesterone receptor signaling in human granulosa cells in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:552-565. [PMID: 37552060 PMCID: PMC10577275 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates disrupts ovarian function. However, limited studies have investigated the effects of phthalate mixtures on ovulation, especially in women. Human granulosa cells were used to test the hypothesis that exposure to a phthalate mixture (PHTmix) disrupts progesterone (P4)/progesterone receptor (PGR) signaling, which is a crucial pathway for ovulation. In addition, progestin and cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) supplementation were tested as methods to circumvent phthalate toxicity. Granulosa cells from women undergoing in vitro fertilization were acclimated in culture to regain responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; clinical luteinizing hormone analogue). Granulosa cells were treated with or without hCG, and with or without PHTmix (1-500 μg/ml; dimethylsulfoxide = vehicle control) for 0.5-36 h. In the supplementation experiments, cells were treated with or without R5020 (stable progestin), and with or without 8-Br-cAMP (stable cAMP analogue). Exposure to hCG + PHTmix decreased P4 levels and mRNA levels of steroidogenic factors when compared to hCG. This was accompanied by decreased mRNA levels of PGR and downstream P4/PGR ovulatory mediators (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1 (ADAMTS1), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2)) in the hCG + PHTmix groups compared to hCG. Exposure to hCG + PHTmix 500 μg/ml decreased cAMP levels and protein kinase A activity compared to hCG. Supplementation with progestin in the hCG + PHTmix 500 μg/ml group did not rescue toxicity, while supplementation with cAMP restored PGR levels and downstream P4/PGR mediator levels to hCG levels. These findings suggest that phthalate mixture exposure inhibits P4/PGR signaling in human granulosa cells via decreased steroidogenesis, cAMP levels, and protein kinase A activity. Restored P4/PGR signaling with cAMP supplementation provides a potential cellular target for intervention of phthalate-induced ovulatory dysfunction in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Hannon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Curry Jr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Zhang M, Liu C, Yuan XQ, Cui FP, Miao Y, Yao W, Qin DY, Deng YL, Chen PP, Zeng JY, Liu XY, Wu Y, Li CR, Lu WQ, Li YF, Zeng Q. Oxidatively generated DNA damage mediates the associations of exposure to phthalates with uterine fibroids and endometriosis: Findings from TREE cohort. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:69-76. [PMID: 37279842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies on phthalate exposures in associations with uterine fibroids (UF) and endometriosis (EMT) are inconsistent. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships of urinary phthalate metabolites with UF and EMT risks, and further to examine the mediating role of oxidative stress. METHODS This study included 83 and 47 women separately diagnosed with UF and EMT, as well as 226 controls from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort. Two spot urine samples from each woman were analyzed for two oxidative stress indicators and eight urinary phthalate metabolites. Unconditional logistic regression models or multivariate regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations among phthalate exposures, oxidative stress indicators, and the risks of UF and EMT. The potential mediating role of oxidative stress was estimated by the mediation analyses. RESULTS We observed that each ln-unit increase in urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations was associated with increased UF risk [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.02], and that each ln-unit increase in urinary MBzP (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.82), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.31) concentrations were associated with increased EMT risk (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that all tested urinary phthalate metabolites were positively associated with two oxidative stress indicators [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (4-HNE-MA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], in which 8-OHdG was associated with increased risks of UF and EMT (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). The mediation analyses showed that 8-OHdG mediated the positive relationships of MBzP with UF risk, and of MiBP, MBzP, and MEHP with EMT risk, with the estimated intermediary proportion ranging from 32.7% to 48.1%. CONCLUSIONS Oxidatively generated DNA damage may mediate the positive associations of certain phthalate exposures with the risks of UF and EMT. However, further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dan-Yu Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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10
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Pumarega J, Buscà O, Gasull M, Porta M. Supporting legislative action: Urinary levels of phthalates and phenols among influencers in the 'Plastics in the spotlight' advocacy initiative. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116205. [PMID: 37217124 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Society-wide initiatives to prevent human exposure to plastic residues include laws and policies. Such measures require citizens' support, which can be increased by honest advocacy and pedagogic projects. These efforts must have a scientific basis. OBJECTIVE To assist the 'Plastics in the spotlight' advocacy initiative raise awareness among the general public of the presence of plastic residues in the human body, and to increase citizens' support for legislation on plastic control in the European Union. METHODS Spot urine samples of 69 volunteers with cultural and political influence from Spain, Portugal, Latvia, Slovenia, Belgium, and Bulgaria were collected. Concentrations of 30 phthalate metabolites and phenols were determined through a high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS At least 18 compounds were detected in all urine samples. The maximum number of compounds detected per participant was 23, and the mean, 20.5. Phthalates were detected more frequently than phenols. Median concentrations were highest for monoethyl phthalate (41.6 ng/mL, adjusted for specific gravity), and maximum concentrations were highest for mono-iso-butyl phthalate (1345.1 ng/mL), oxybenzone (1915.1 ng/mL), and triclosan (949.6 ng/mL). Most reference values were not exceeded. Women had higher concentrations of the 14 phthalate metabolites and oxybenzone than men. Urinary concentrations were not correlated with age. DISCUSSION The study had three main limitations: method of subject selection (volunteers), small sample size, and limited data on determinants of exposure. Studies on volunteers do not pretend to be representative of the general population and are no substitute for biomonitoring studies in representative samples of the populations of interest. Studies as ours can only illustrate the existence and some aspects of the problem, and can raise awareness among citizens concerned by the evidence that the studies provide in a group of subjects who are humanly appealing. CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate that human exposure to phthalates and phenols is widespread. All countries appeared to be similarly exposed to these contaminants, with higher levels in females. Most concentrations did not exceed reference values. The effects of this study on the objectives of the 'Plastics in the spotlight' advocacy initiative deserve a specific analysis from policy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pumarega
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oriol Buscà
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Magda Gasull
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Porta
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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11
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Tarvainen I, Soto DA, Laws MJ, Björvang RD, Damdimopoulos A, Roos K, Li T, Kramer S, Li Z, Lavogina D, Visser N, Kallak TK, Lager S, Gidlöf S, Edlund E, Papaikonomou K, Öberg M, Olovsson M, Salumets A, Velthut-Meikas A, Flaws JA, Damdimopoulou P. Identification of phthalate mixture exposure targets in the human and mouse ovary in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108393. [PMID: 37160244 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical health risk assessment is based on single chemicals, but humans and wildlife are exposed to extensive mixtures of industrial substances and pharmaceuticals. Such exposures are life-long and correlate with multiple morbidities, including infertility. How combinatorial effects of chemicals should be handled in hazard characterization and risk assessment are open questions. Further, test systems are missing for several relevant health outcomes including reproductive health and fertility in women. Here, our aim was to screen multiple ovarian cell models for phthalate induced effects to identify biomarkers of exposure. We used an epidemiological cohort study to define different phthalate mixtures for in vitro testing. The mixtures were then tested in five cell models representing ovarian granulosa or stromal cells, namely COV434, KGN, primary human granulosa cells, primary mouse granulosa cells, and primary human ovarian stromal cells. Exposures at epidemiologically relevant levels did not markedly elicit cytotoxicity or affect steroidogenesis in short 24-hour exposure. However, significant effects on gene expression were identified by RNA-sequencing. Altogether, the exposures changed the expression of 124 genes on the average (9-479 genes per exposure) in human cell models, without obvious concentration or mixture-dependent effects on gene numbers. The mixtures stimulated distinct changes in different cell models. Despite differences, our analyses suggest commonalities in responses towards phthalates, which forms a starting point for follow-up studies on identification and validation of candidate biomarkers that could be developed to novel assays for regulatory testing or even into clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Tarvainen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Delia A Soto
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Richelle D Björvang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristine Roos
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; Nova Vita Clinic, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tianyi Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stav Kramer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadja Visser
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodora K Kallak
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lager
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Edlund
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiriaki Papaikonomou
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andres Salumets
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yi H, Wu H, Zhu W, Lin Q, Zhao X, Lin R, Luo Y, Wu L, Lin D. Phthalate exposure and risk of ovarian dysfunction in endometriosis: human and animal data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1154923. [PMID: 37560165 PMCID: PMC10407402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the correlations between and possible mechanisms of common environmental endocrine disruptors, phthalates, and ovarian dysfunction in endometriosis. Methods: Subjects were included in the case group (n = 107) who were diagnosed with endometriosis by postoperative pathology in Fujian Maternal and Child Hospital from February 2018 to February 2021, and the women who were excluded from endometriosis by surgery were as the control group (n = 70). The demographic information of the subjects were evaluated by questionnaire, and the clinical characteristics were evaluated by medical records and 3-year follow-up results. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry was used to quantify 10 metabolites of phthalates, including dimethyl ortho-phthalate (DMP), mono-n-methyl phthalate (MMP), dioctyl ortho-phthalate (DEP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), di-n-butyl ortho-phthalate (DBP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBzP), mono-benzyl; phthalate (MBzP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), in the urine samples of the subjects. Furthermore, a total of 54 SD rats were exposed to DEHP 0, 5, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 2000, and 3,000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The SD rats' body weight, oestrus cycle changes, and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were evaluated. After sacrifice, the mass index of the rat uterus and bilateral ovaries were calculated. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of rat ovarian tissues was performed to explore the possible mechanism. SPSS 24.0 (IBM, United States) was used for data analysis. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The human urinary levels of DMP (p < 0.001), MMP (p = 0.001), DEP (p = 0.003), MEP (p = 0.002), DBP (p = 0.041), MBP (p < 0.001), BBzP (p = 0.009), DEHP (p < 0.001), and MEHP (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls. Notably, DEHP was a significant risk factor for endometriosis (OR: 11.0, 95% CI: 5.4-22.6). The area under the ROC curve increased when multiple phthalates were diagnosed jointly, reaching 0.974 as the highest value, which was helpful for the diagnosis of endometriosis. In vivo experiments showed that after DEHP exposure in rats, the mass index of the ovary and uterus decreased in a dose-dependent manner; the oestrus cycle of SD rats was irregularly prolonged and disordered; and the serum AMH level was negatively correlated with the DEHP exposure dose (Rho = -0.8, p < 0.001). Bioinformatics analysis of rat ovarian tissues showed that seven genes involved in the steroid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated and may play a negative role in ovarian function. Conclusion: Exposure to phthalates, especially DEHP, is associated with the occurrence of endometriosis and affects women's reproductive prognosis and ovarian function. The steroid biosynthesis pathway may be related to ovarian dysfunction. The detection of phthalate in urine may become a new biological target for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yi
- National Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty Construction Unit of China, Fujian Provincial Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huamin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- National Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty Construction Unit of China, Fujian Provincial Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Fujian Health College, Health Management Department, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- National Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty Construction Unit of China, Fujian Provincial Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Lin
- National Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty Construction Unit of China, Fujian Provincial Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- National Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty Construction Unit of China, Fujian Provincial Key Gynecology Clinical Specialty, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Danmei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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13
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Qi M, Li Y, Zhu Z, Du B, Chen D. Current Sample Preparation Methods and Determination Techniques for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Ester Plasticizers in Edible Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:5106. [PMID: 37446766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of production, processing, transportation, and storage of edible oils, the oils inevitably come into contact with plastic products. As a result, plasticizers migrate into edible oils, are harmful to human health, and can exhibit reproductive toxicity. Therefore, the determination of plasticizers in edible oils is very important, and a series of sample preparation methods and determination techniques have been developed for the determination of plasticizers in edible oils. Phthalic acid ester (PAE) plasticizers are the most widely used among all plasticizers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sample preparation methods and detection techniques reported for the determination of PAEs in edible oils since 2010, focusing on sample preparation methods of edible oils combined with various separation-based analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these techniques as well as the prospective future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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14
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Chen HK, Chang YH, Sun CW, Wu MT, Chen ML, Wang SL, Hsieh CJ. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with household environments among mothers and their preschool-age children. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115162. [PMID: 37352583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have become a matter of public health concern due to their extensive use worldwide and negative health effects. The evaluation of potential sources of phthalate exposure is crucial to design prevention strategies, especially for vulnerable populations. This study included 528 mother-child pairs in the Taiwan Mother Infant Cohort Study who were followed up at ages 3-6 years between 2016 and 2020. Each mother was interviewed by using a structured questionnaire containing questions on demographic characteristics and household environment factors, such as the use of plastic food packaging, residential visible mold, insecticide sprays, and electric mosquito repellents. Eleven phthalate metabolites were analyzed in urine samples simultaneously collected from the mother-child pairs. The phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations were higher among the children than among their mothers, except those of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that urine samples collected during the summer showed higher concentrations of phthalate metabolites than those collected during the winter. Family income levels had negative associations with the concentrations of MnBP and metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in children. The use of plastic food packaging was positively associated with mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and metabolites of DEHP in mothers. Residential visible mold or mold stains were significantly associated with higher MnBP and DEHP metabolite concentrations in children. The use of insecticide sprays was positively associated with MnBP concentrations in children. Significant associations between household environmental factors and phthalate exposure were mostly found in children, potentially indicating different exposure pathways between mothers and their children. Findings from this study provide additional information for the design of prevention strategies to protect the health of children and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Kang Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wan Y, Mu X, Gao R, Geng Y, Chen X, Li F, He J. Gestational dibutyl phthalate exposure impairs primordial folliculogenesis in mice through autophagy activation and NOTCH2 signal interruption. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113861. [PMID: 37277016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive lifespan is largely determined by the size of the primordial follicle pool, which is established in early life. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a popular plasticiser, is a known environmental endocrine disruptor that poses a potential threat to reproductive health. However, DBP impact on early oogenesis has been rarely reported. In this study, maternal exposure to DBP in gestation disrupted germ-cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly in foetal ovary, impairing female fertility in adulthood. Subsequently, altered autophagic flux with autophagosome accumulation was observed in DBP-exposed ovaries carrying CAG-RFP-EGFP-LC3 reporter genes, whereas autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine attenuated the impact of DBP on primordial folliculogenesis. Moreover, DBP exposure reduced the expression of NOTCH2 intracellular domain (NICD2) and decreased interactions between NICD2 and Beclin-l. NICD2 was observed within the autophagosomes in DBP-exposed ovaries. Furthermore, NICD2 overexpression partially restored primordial folliculogenesis. Furthermore, melatonin significantly relieved oxidative stress, decreased autophagy, and restored NOTCH2 signalling, consequently reversing the effect on folliculogenesis. Therefore, this study demonstrated that gestational DBP exposure disrupts primordial folliculogenesis by inducing autophagy, which targets NOTCH2 signalling, and this impact has long-term consequences on fertility in adulthood, strengthening the potential contribution of environmental chemicals to the development of ovarian dysfunctional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yiji Wan
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Junlin He
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Payne-Sturges D, De Saram S, Cory-Slechta DA. Cumulative Risk Evaluation of Phthalates Under TSCA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6403-6414. [PMID: 37043345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently conducting separate Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) risk evaluations for seven phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Phthalates are highly abundant plastic additives used primarily to soften materials and make them flexible, and biomonitoring shows widespread human exposure to a mixture of phthalates. Evidence supports biological additivity of phthalate mixture exposures, including the enhancement of toxicity affecting common biological targets. Risk estimates based on individual phthalate exposure may not be protective of public health. Thus, a cumulative risk approach is warranted. While EPA initially did not signal that it would incorporate cumulative risk assessment (CRA) as part of its current risk evaluation for the seven phthalates, the agency recently announced that it is reconsidering if CRA for phthalates would be appropriate. Based on our review of existing chemical mixtures risk assessment guidance, current TSCA scoping documents for the seven phthalates, and pertinent peer-reviewed literature, we delineate a CRA approach that EPA can easily implement for phthalates. The strategy for using CRA to inform TSCA risk evaluation for existing chemicals is based upon integrative physiology and a common adverse health outcome algorithm for identifying and grouping relevant nonchemical and chemical stressors. We recommend adjustments for how hazard indices (HIs) or margins of exposure (MOEs) based on CRA are interpreted for determining "unreasonable risk" under TSCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Payne-Sturges
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sulakkhana De Saram
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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17
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Jiang Y, Wang D, Zhang C, Jiao Y, Pu Y, Cheng R, Li C, Chen Y. Nicotinamide mononucleotide restores oxidative stress-related apoptosis of oocyte exposed to benzyl butyl phthalate in mice. Cell Prolif 2023:e13419. [PMID: 36756972 PMCID: PMC10392047 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is a chemical softener and plasticizer commonly used in toys, food packaging, wallpaper, detergents and shampoos. The estrogenic actions of BBP have detrimental effects on humans and animals. In this study, the specific influence of BBP on mouse oocyte maturation was investigated using in vivo and in vitro models. The experiment first verified that BBP exposure significantly affected the rate of oocyte exclusion of the first polar body, although it did not affect germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) through in vitro oocyte culture system. Results of in vitro fertilization show that BBP exposure affects blastocyst rate. Subsequently, the results obtained by immunofluorescence staining technology showed that oocyte spindle organization, chromosomal arrangement and the distribution of cortical actin were disrupted by BBP exposure, and led to the failure of oocyte meiotic maturation and the subsequent early embryo development. Singe-cell transcriptome analysis found that BBP exposure altered the expression levels of 588 genes, most associated with mitochondria-related oxidative stress. Further analysis demonstrated that the detrimental effects of BBP involved the disruption of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation reduced the adverse effects of BBP. Collectively, these findings revealed a mechanism of BBP-induced toxicity on female reproduction and showed that NMN provides an effective treatment for BBP actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiao
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Pu
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Outpatient & Emergency Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Emergency Management Department, School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Institute of Health Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Wang Q, Yao X, Jiang N, Zhang J, Liu G, Li X, Wang C, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Environmentally relevant concentrations of butyl benzyl phthalate triggered oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver: Combined analysis at physiological and molecular levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160109. [PMID: 36370777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a typical phthalate plasticizer, is frequently detected in aquatic environments, but its possible effects on fish liver are unknown. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 5-500 μg/L BBP and cultured for 28 days. The toxicity mechanism of environmentally relevant concentrations of BBP in the liver was explored using integrated biomarker response (IBR), molecular docking, and histopathological analysis, based on the tests of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and tissue damage, respectively. The results revealed that exposure to 500 μg/L BBP caused lipid peroxidation and DNA damage and induced inflammatory responses in the liver and intestinal tissues. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary manifestation of BBP toxicity and is accompanied by changes in the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Notably, the pro-apoptotic genes (p53 and caspase-3) were still significantly upregulated in the 50 μg/L and 500 μg/L treatment groups on day 28. Moreover, BBP interfered with apoptosis by forming a stable complex with apoptosis proteins (P53 and Caspase-3). Our findings are helpful for understanding the toxicity mechanisms of BBP, which could further promote the assessment of the potential environmental risks of BBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- ShanDong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | | | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Zhongkang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
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19
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Özgür A, Aktürk EZ, Köseoğlu D, Onac C, Akdoğan A. Deep Eutectic Solvent-based green extraction and gas chromatography determination of phthalates released from food contact materials. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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20
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Guerra MT, Erthal RP, Punhagui-Umbelino APF, Trinque CM, Torres de Bari MA, Nunes TDM, Costa WF, Cleto PH, Fernandes GSA. Reproductive toxicity of maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and butyl paraben (alone or in association) on both male and female Wistar offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:242-261. [PMID: 35962557 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parabens and phthalates are commonly found as contaminants in human fluids and are able to provoke reproductive toxicity, being considered endocrine disruptors. To evaluate the effects of phthalate and paraben, alone or in combination, on reproductive development of the offspring, female pregnant Wistar rats were allocated in six experimental groups: Three control groups (gavage [CG], subcutaneous [CS], and gavage + subcutaneous) received corn oil as vehicle, and the remaining groups were exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (500 mg/kg, gavage), butyl paraben (BP) (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously), or MIX (DEHP + BP), from Gestational Day 12 until Postnatal Day (PND) 21. The following parameters were assessed on the offspring: anogenital distance and weight at PND 1, nipple counting at PND 13, puberty onset, estrous cycle, weights of reproductive and detoxifying organs, histological evaluation of reproductive organs, and sperm evaluations (counts, morphology, and motility). Female pups from MIX group presented reduced body weight at PND 1, lower AGD, and decreased endometrium thickness. Male animals showed decreased body weight at PND 1 and lower number of Sertoli cells on DEHP and MIX groups, MIX group revealed increase of abnormal seminiferous tubules, DEHP animals presented delayed preputial separation and higher percentage of immotile sperms, and BP males presented diminished number of Leydig cells. In conclusion, the male offspring was more susceptible to DEHP toxicity; even when mixed to paraben, the main negative effects observed seem to be due to antiandrogenic phthalate action. On the other hand, DEHP seems to be necessary to improve the effects of BP on reducing estrogen-dependent and increasing androgen-dependent events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Pires Erthal
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Moreira Trinque
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wagner Ferrari Costa
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Horácio Cleto
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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21
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Cao W, Lu X, Zhong C, Wu J. Sulforaphane Suppresses MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Growth via miR-19/PTEN Axis to Antagonize the Effect of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:980-991. [PMID: 36542459 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2156555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a major isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, reportedly exerts extensive antitumor effects. Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a widely used plasticizer, plays a crucial role in the promotion of breast cancer. In the present study, we demonstrated that SFN inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the stemness of MCF-7 cells, whereas BBP exerted the opposite effects; microRNA-19 (miR-19) plays an important role in BBP-induced cell growth and dysregulation mediated via PTEN and p21. The growth-promoting effect of BBP could be mitigated by SFN, accompanied by a reversal of altered expression of miR-19a, miR-19b, PTEN, and p21. SFN also suppressed BBP-induced binding of upregulated miR-19 with PTEN, as determined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Collectively, these results demonstrated, for the first time, that SFN regulates the miR-19/PTEN axis to exert protective effects against BBP-mediated breast cancer promotion, suggesting a new potential role for SFN (or SFN-rich foods) in phthalate antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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McNally K, Sams C, Hogg A, Loizou G. Development, testing, parameterisation, and calibration of a human PBPK model for the plasticiser, di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) using in silico, in vitro and human biomonitoring data. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1140852. [PMID: 36891271 PMCID: PMC9986446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1140852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) based on a refined model for di-(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) was developed to interpret the metabolism and biokinetics of DEHTP following a single oral dose of 50 mg to three male volunteers. In vitro and in silico methods were used to generate parameters for the model. For example, measured intrinsic hepatic clearance scaled from in vitro to in vivo and plasma unbound fraction and tissue:blood partition coefficients (PCs) were predicted algorithmically. Whereas the development and calibration of the DPHP model was based upon two data streams, blood concentrations of parent chemical and first metabolite and the urinary excretion of metabolites, the model for DEHTP was calibrated against a single data stream, the urinary excretion of metabolites. Despite the model form and structure being identical significant quantitative differences in lymphatic uptake between the models were observed. In contrast to DPHP the fraction of ingested DEHTP entering lymphatic circulation was much greater and of a similar magnitude to that entering the liver with evidence for the dual uptake mechanisms discernible in the urinary excretion data. Further, the absolute amounts absorbed by the study participants, were much higher for DEHTP relative to DPHP. The in silico algorithm for predicting protein binding performed poorly with an error of more than two orders of magnitude. The extent of plasma protein binding has important implications for the persistence of parent chemical in venous blood-inferences on the behaviour of this class of highly lipophilic chemicals, based on calculations of chemical properties, should be made with extreme caution. Attempting read across for this class of highly lipophilic chemicals should be undertaken with caution since basic adjustments to PCs and metabolism parameters would be insufficient, even when the structure of the model itself is appropriate. Therefore, validation of a model parameterized entirely with in vitro and in silico derived parameters would need to be calibrated against several human biomonitoring data streams to constitute a data rich source chemical to afford confidence for future evaluations of other similar chemicals using the read-across approach.
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23
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Jozkowiak M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kobylarek D, Gorska N, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Rachon D, Spaczynski RZ. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010174. [PMID: 36611967 PMCID: PMC9818374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains elusive; however, there is evidence suggesting the potential contribution of genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known to cooperate to maintain ovarian function, and any disturbance can lead to endocrine disorders, such as PCOS. This article provides a review of the recent knowledge on PCOS pathophysiology, the role of granulosa and theca cells in PCOS pathogenesis, and the evidence linking exposure to EDCs with reproductive disorders such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Jozkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61847-0721
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Gorska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Z. Spaczynski
- Center for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Treatment Pastelova, Pastelowa 8, 60-198 Poznan, Poland
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24
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Begum TF, Carpenter D. Health effects associated with phthalate activity on nuclear receptors. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:567-583. [PMID: 34592072 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, widely used as plasticizers to impart flexibility in plastics, and as solvents in personal care products. Due to their nearly ubiquitous use in consumer products, most humans are exposed to phthalates daily. There has been extensive research on the reproductive health effects associated with phthalate exposure, but less attention has been paid to other actions. This review aims to summarize the known action of phthalates on different nuclear receptors. Some phthalates bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, making them weakly estrogenic. However, other phthalates antagonize androgen receptors. Some high molecular weight phthalates antagonize thyroid receptors, affecting metabolism. Several phthalates activate and interfere with the normal function of different peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), receptors that have critical roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Some phthalates activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is critical for xenobiotic metabolism. Although phthalates have a short half-life in vivo, because people are continuously exposed, studies should examine the health effects of phthalates associated with long-term exposure. There is limited research on the effects of phthalates on health outcomes aside from reproductive function, particularly concerning are childhood adiposity, behavior, and learning. There is also limited information on actions of phthalates not mediated via nuclear receptors. Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals simultaneously, and how chemical mixtures act on nuclear receptor activity needs study. Although we know a great deal about phthalates, there is still much that remains uncertain. Future studies need to further examine their other potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin Farzana Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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25
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Cao Y, Lin H, Wang Q, Li J, Liu M, Zhang K, Xu S, Huang G, Ruan Y, Wu J, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Significant riverine inputs of typical plastic additives-phthalate esters from the Pearl River Delta to the northern South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157744. [PMID: 35926595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are representative additives used extensively in plastics. In this study, 15 PAEs were investigated at the eight riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total concentrations of Σ15PAEs, including both the dissolved and particulate phases, ranged from 562 to 1460 ng/L and 679 ng/L-2830 ng/L in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated in the dissolved and suspended particulate matter (SPM) phases, respectively, accounting for >50 % and > 80 % of Σ15PAEs. Riverine input of wastewater from the PRD was possibly the primary source of the contamination. Higher levels of PAEs occurred at the eastern outlets than at the western ones. The dissolved and particulate PAEs varied seasonally, with significantly higher concentrations observed in the dry season than in the wet season. However, no significant differences of PAE levels in both phases were observed among low, medium, and high tides. The partitioning results demonstrated that SPM is important in the transportation of pollutants in estuaries, where more hydrophobic DEHP was predominantly transported by the SPM phase, while those more hydrophilic ones were regularly transported by the dissolved phase. The total annual flux of Σ15PAEs through the eight outlets to the SCS reached 1390 tons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Huiju Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Guangling Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, the City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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26
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Tran HT, Nguyen MK, Hoang HG, Hutchison JM, Vu CT. Composting and green technologies for remediation of phthalate (PAE)-contaminated soil: Current status and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135989. [PMID: 35988768 PMCID: PMC10052775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are hazardous organic compounds that are widely added to plastics to enhance their flexibility, temperature, and acidic tolerance. The increase in global consumption and the corresponding environmental pollution of PAEs has caused broad public concerns. As most PAEs accumulate in soil due to their high hydrophobicity, composting is a robust remediation technology for PAE-contaminated soil (efficiency 25%-100%), where microbial activity plays an important role. This review summarized the roles of the microbial community, biodegradation pathways, and specific enzymes involved in the PAE degradation. Also, other green technologies, including biochar adsorption, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation, for PAE degradation were also presented, compared, and discussed. Composting combined with these technologies significantly enhanced removal efficiency; yet, the properties and roles of each bacterial strain in the degradation, upscaling, and economic feasibility should be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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New evidence for deleterious effects of environmental contaminants on the male gamete. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106886. [PMID: 34774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The decreasing trend in human and domestic animal fertility in recent decades has resulted in the question of whether reduced sperm quality is associated with changes in global climate and the environment. Proposed causes for reduced sperm quality include environmental contaminants, which enter into the body of animals through the food chain and are transported to the reproductive tract, where contaminating agents can have effects on fertilization capacities of gametes. In this review, there is a focus on various environmental contaminants and potential effects on male fertility. Human-derived contaminants, particularly endocrine-disrupting phthalates and the pesticide atrazine, are discussed. Naturally occurring toxins are also addressed, in particular mycotoxins such as aflatoxin which can be components in food consumed by humans and animals. Mechanisms by which environmental contaminants reduce male fertility are not clearly defined; however, are apparently multifactorial (i.e., direct and indirect effects) with there being diverse modes of action. Results from studies with humans, rodents and domestic animals indicate there are deleterious effects of contaminants on male gametes at various stages of spermatogenesis (i.e., in the testis) during passage through the epididymis, and in mature spermatozoa, after ejaculation and during capacitation. Considering there is never detection of a single contaminant, this review addresses synergistic or additive effects of combinations of contaminants. There is new evidence highlighted for the long-lasting effects of environmental contaminants on spermatozoa and developing embryos. Understanding the risk associated with environmental contaminants for animal reproduction may lead to new management strategies, thereby improving reproductive processes.
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Tak H, Chung Y, Kim GY, Kim H, Lee J, Kang J, Do QC, Bae BU, Kang S. Catalytic ozonation with vanadium oxide-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles for the removal of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135646. [PMID: 35817184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among various plastic additives, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been a great concern due to its high leaching potential and harmful effects on both human and the ecosystem. For the effective oxidation and mineralization of DEHP by ozone in the existing TiO2 catalytic processes, the heterogeneous catalyst, vanadium oxide (V2O5)-incorporated TiO2 (V2O5/TiO2), was synthesized. The generation of hydroxyl radicals was promoted by cyclic redox reactions of vanadium atoms in V2O5/TiO2 via the increase of surface oxygen vacancies by the replacement of V5+ species in the lattice of TiO2. The catalytic ozonation in the presence of V2O5/TiO2 exhibited the significantly higher degradation of DEHP with the pseudo-second-order kinetic constant of 1.7 × 105 mM-1min-1 and the removal efficiency of 58.7% after 60 s in 2 mg/L of ozone. The degradation of DEHP was initiated by the shortening of the alkyl-side chain followed by the opening of esterified benzene moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelyeon Tak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngkun Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga-Yeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyojeon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwan Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Quoc Cuong Do
- Chemical & Process Technology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Uk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-Gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoktae Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Shan D, Zhang T, Li L, Sun Y, Wang D, Li Y, Yang Z, Cui K, Wu S, Jin L, Hong B, Shang X, Wang Q. Cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to phthalates in pregnant women in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74003-74011. [PMID: 35633454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important exposure route for phthalates, such as di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). In this study, we aimed to estimate phthalate exposure in the diet of pregnant women and assess the health risk. A total of 517 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited, and food frequency questionnaires were collected. A simple distribution assessment method was used to estimate daily exposure, and the hazard index (HI) method was used to assess cumulative risk. The maximum daily dietary exposure to DEHP, DBP, DiBP, and BBP was 5.25, 3.17, 2.59, and 0.58 μg/kg bw/day, respectively, and did not exceed the safety limit values. Cereals and vegetables were the main sources of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalates in the diet. The cumulative risk assessment, based on the European Food Safety Authority tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the US Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (RfD), did not exceed the threshold of 1. DiBP, DBP, and DEHP had higher hazard quotient (HQ) values for cumulative health risk than BBP. In conclusion, a low health risk was posed by the cumulative dietary exposure to phthalates for pregnant women in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Shan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kanglong Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Aimuzi R, Huang S, Luo K, Ma S, Huo X, Li G, Tian Y, Zhang J, Yu Y. Levels and health risks of urinary phthalate metabolites and the association between phthalate exposure and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: a large case-control study from China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113393. [PMID: 35504341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are environmental endocrine disruptors that can interfere with endocrine processes and cause adverse reproductive outcomes. The link between PAE exposure and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains unknown. In this study, nine urinary metabolites of PAEs (mPAEs) were measured in 594 URSA cases and 569 healthy controls. The measured mPAEs were ubiquitously detected and present at higher levels (median: 203 ng/mL) in the URSA cases than in the controls (median: 161 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that URSA was associated with higher concentrations of mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mEHP), and mono-ethyl phthalate (mEP) and lower concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate (miBP). Moreover, a quantile-based g-computation (QGC) model revealed a positive association between mPAEs mixture and URSA. The URSA cases showed significantly higher concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) than the controls. This was consistent with the health risk assessment, which suggested that DEHP is the main contributors to potential non-carcinogenic risk. DEHP accounted for over 80% of total risk. The large case-control study results suggest that PAE exposure may increase the risk of URSA, and that policy-makers and public health experts should pay more attention to DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Senyuan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaona Huo
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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31
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Characteristics of Hazardous Substances Extracted from Laundry Water for Fire Protection Suit Exposed to Fire. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: It is well known that various toxic substances, including carcinogens, are generated at the fire scenes, so it is very important for firefighters to wear comprehensive personal protective equipment. The extent of the type and amount of harmful substances contained in the washing water of fire protection suits (FPS) exposed to fire scenes have not yet been confirmed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of harmful substances contained in wash water extracted from FPSs exposed to fire. (2) Methods: The study design was a simulation-based experimental study. To evaluate the degree of contamination exposure of FPSs, 10 sets of fire suits were classified into four groups as follows: newly supplied, field use, one fire exposure, and two consecutive fire exposures. In the experimental environment, after exposing three to four groups of FPSs to residential fire conditions. they were sealed in a plastic bag in the experimental space. The washing water for FPSs was extracted through manual washing in the order of Groups 1 to 4, and 24 items were analyzed according to the water pollution process test standards. (3) Results: According to the results of the FPS laundry analysis, the concentration of acrylonitrile in laundry was higher when exposed to fire twice than when exposed to fire once. Moreover, there was a dose–response relationship, and the risk of cumulative toxicity was shown. Naphthalene and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were detected to be high in the washing water of Group 3 FPSs exposed to incomplete combustion fire. Of the 24 items that were analyzed for in the water, four item exceeded the standard for sewage discharge facilities in accordance with the Water Environment Conservation Act. Copper and its compounds exceeded the standards by 3.4 times, antimony 4.8 times, acrylonitrile 26.0 times, and DEHP 4.1 times, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, when removing FPSs after firefighting activities, care should be taken to avoid contaminating the skin. In addition, facilities that wash FPS that have been exposed to a fire scene must have a sewage treatment and purification facility. However, if emergency decontamination of FPSs is conducted at the fire scene, the concentration of toxic substances contained in laundry can be reduced. In the case of large-scale fire, there is a risk of water pollution near the fire scene, so it is necessary to prepare a national countermeasure. The results of this study can be applied to the revision of regulations related to the building of the fire departments, reduction of water pollution, and water environment policy.
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Parikh FR, Uttamchandani S, Naik N, Panpalia M, Sanap M, Kulkarni D, Sinkar P, Khandare P, Makwana P, Gawas S, Pandole A, Parikh R. Significant changes in follicular fluid phthalate metabolite levels reflect the lifestyle changes brought about by the strict COVID-19 lockdown in India. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:237-245. [PMID: 35691586 PMCID: PMC9181629 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firuza Rajesh Parikh
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
| | - Shonali Uttamchandani
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nandkishor Naik
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhavi Panpalia
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Mangesh Sanap
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjaya Kulkarni
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pratiksha Khandare
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Makwana
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Smita Gawas
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Anahita Pandole
- Jaslok-FertilTree International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics. Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Parikh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Ding T, Yan W, Zhou T, Shen W, Wang T, Li M, Zhou S, Wu M, Dai J, Huang K, Zhang J, Chang J, Wang S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals impact on ovarian aging: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119269. [PMID: 35405219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in daily life, but their harmful effects on the human body have not been fully explored. Recent studies have shown that EDCs exposure could lead to infertility, menstrual disorder and menopause, resulting in subsequent effects on female health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify and summarize the impacts of EDCs on ovarian aging for explaining the etiology of ovarian aging and maintaining female reproductive health. Here in this review, we focused on the impacts of ten typical environmental contaminants on the progression of ovarian aging during adult exposure, including epidemiological data in humans and experimental models in rodents, with their clinical phenotypes and underlying mechanisms. We found that both persistent (polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and non-persistent (phthalates) EDCs exposure could increase an overall risk of ovarian aging, leading to the diminish of ovarian reserve, decline of fertility or fecundity, irregularity of the menstrual cycle and an earlier age at menopause, and/or premature ovarian insufficiency/failure in epidemiological studies. Among these, the loss of follicles can also be validated in experimental studies of some EDCs, such as BPA, phthalates, parabens and PCBs. The underlying mechanisms may involve the impaired ovarian follicular development by altering receptor-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways, inducing signal transduction and cell cycle arrest and epigenetic modification. However, there were inconsistent results in the impacts on fertility/fecundity, menstrual/estrous cycle and hormone changes response to different EDCs, and differences between human and animal studies. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on ovarian disrupters, highlights their risks to ovarian aging and identifies knowledge gaps in humans and animals. We therefore propose that females adopt healthy lifestyle changes to minimize their exposure to both persistent and non-persistent chemicals, that have the potential damage to their reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Milu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kecheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Wuhan, 430030, China; School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Chen Q, Kong Q, Tian P, He Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Lactic acid bacteria alleviate di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced liver and testis toxicity via their bio-binding capacity, antioxidant capacity and regulation of the gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119197. [PMID: 35378196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticiser that, if absorbed into the human body, can cause various adverse effects including reproductive toxicity, liver toxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis. So far, some studies have proved that the toxicity of DEHP can be reduced by using antioxidants. However, these candidates all show potential side effects and cannot prevent the accumulation of DEHP in the body, making them unable to be used as a daily dietary supplement to relieve the toxic effects of DEHP. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant capacity and the ability to adsorb harmful substances. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of five strains of LAB, selected based on our in vitro assessments on antioxidant capacities or bio-binding capacities, against the adverse effects of DEHP exposure in rats. Our results showed that LAB strains with outstanding DEHP/MEHP binding capacities, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CCFM1018 and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1019, possess the ability to facilitate the elimination of DEHP and its metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with the faeces, decrease DEHP and MEHP level in serum further. Meanwhile, DEHP-induced liver and testicular injuries were effectively alleviated by CCFM1018 and CCFM1019. In addition, CCFM1018 effectively alleviated the DEHP-induced oxidative stress with its strong antioxidant ability. Furthermore, both CCFM1018 and CCFM1019 modulated the gut microbiota, which in turn increased the concentrations of faecal propionate and butyrate and regulated the pathways related to host metabolism. Correlation analysis indicate that DEHP/MEHP bio-binding capacity of LAB plays a crucial role in protecting the body from DEHP exposure, and its antioxidant capacity and the ability to alleviate the gut microbiota dysbiosis are also involved in the alleviation of damage. Thus, LAB with powerful bio-binding capacity of DEHP and MEHP can be considered as a potential therapeutic dietary strategy against DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qingmin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
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35
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Saab Y, Oueis E, Mehanna S, Nakad Z, Stephan R, Khnayzer RS. Risk Assessment of Phthalates and Their Metabolites in Hospitalized Patients: A Focus on Di- and Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalates Exposure from Intravenous Plastic Bags. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070357. [PMID: 35878262 PMCID: PMC9324282 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are plasticizers associated with multiple toxicities; however, no strict regulations have been implemented to restrict their use in medical applications in Lebanon. Our study aimed at assessing the potential risks correlated with phthalate exposure from IV bags manufactured in Lebanon. GC–MS analysis showed that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the predominant phthalate found in almost all samples tested with values ranging from 32.8 to 39.7% w/w of plastic. DEHP concentrations in the IV solutions reached up to 148 µg/L, as measured by SPME-GC–MS/MS, thus resulting in hazard quotients greater than 1, specifically in neonates. The toxicity of DEHP is mainly attributed to its metabolites, most importantly mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). The IV bag solution with the highest content in DEHP was therefore used to extrapolate the amounts of urinary MEHP. The highest concentrations were found in neonates having the lowest body weight, which is concerning, knowing the adverse effects of MEHP in infants. Our study suggests that the use of IV bags manufactured in Lebanon could pose a significant risk in hospitalized patients, especially infants in neonatal care. Therefore, Lebanon, as well as other countries, should start imposing laws that restrict the use of phthalates in medical IV bags and substitute them with less toxic plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Saab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.O.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (R.S.K.)
| | - Emilia Oueis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Zahi Nakad
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Rita Stephan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (E.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (R.S.K.)
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Heidari T, Batavani RA, Malekinejad H, Hobbenaghi R. Evaluation of di-n-butyl phthalate reproductive toxicity in pregnant rats and their offspring and assessment of vitamin E administration in reducing toxicity. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:201-208. [PMID: 35919841 PMCID: PMC9340285 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2020.118147.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are environmental contaminants mostly used as plasticizers and additives in different products. Having endocrine-disrupting properties, phthalates are known as potential reproductive toxicants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in pregnant rats and their offspring and also to assess the ability of vitamin E in the elimination or reducing reproductive toxicity of DBP. Sixty-six pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 100, 500 or 1,000 mg kg-1 per day DBP or 500 mg kg-1 per day DBP along with 100 mg kg-1 per day vitamin E during gestation. After delivery, they were divided into two groups. In one group gavage was finished after litter while in the other DBP administration was continued till weaning. The results showed that DBP affected many aspects of reproductive performance in pregnant rats and their offspring. It could be suggested that vitamin E could ameliorate the adverse effects of DBP, especially in male pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Heidari
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Rooz Ali Batavani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; ,Correspondence Rooz Ali Batavani. DVM, DVSc, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Rahim Hobbenaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Phthalate monoesters act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the mouse ovary. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:113-123. [PMID: 35421560 PMCID: PMC9749796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of phthalates as solvents and plasticizers leads to everyday human exposure. The mechanisms by which phthalate metabolites act as ovarian toxicants are not fully understood. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that the phthalate metabolites monononyl phthalate (MNP), monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in mouse granulosa cells. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from CD-1 mice and cultured with vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide) or MNP, MiNP, MEHP, MBzP, MBP, MiBP, or MEP (0.4-400 μM) for 24 h. Following culture, qPCR was performed for known PPAR targets, Fabp4 and Cd36. Treatment with the phthalate metabolites led to significant changes in Fabp4 and Cd36 expression relative to control in dose-dependent or nonmonotonic fashion. Primary granulosa cell cultures were also transfected with a DNA plasmid containing luciferase expressed under the control of a consensus PPAR response element. MNP, MiNP, MEHP, and MBzP caused dose-dependent changes in expression of luciferase, indicating the presence of functional endogenous PPAR receptors in the granulosa cells that respond to phthalate metabolites. The effects of phthalate metabolites on PPAR target genes were inhibited in most of the cultures by co-treatment with the PPAR-γ inhibitor, T0070907, or with the PPAR-α inhibitor, GW6471. Collectively, these data suggest that some phthalate metabolites may act through endogenous PPAR nuclear receptors in the ovary and that the differing structures of the phthalates result in different levels of activity.
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Fletcher EJ, Santacruz-Márquez R, Mourikes VE, Neff AM, Laws MJ, Flaws JA. Effects of Phthalate Mixtures on Ovarian Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050251. [PMID: 35622664 PMCID: PMC9143992 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The female reproductive system is dependent upon the health of the ovaries. The ovaries are responsible for regulating reproduction and endocrine function. Throughout a female’s reproductive lifespan, the ovaries undergo continual structural changes that are crucial for the maturation of ovarian follicles and the production of sex steroid hormones. Phthalates are known to target the ovaries at critical time points and to disrupt normal reproductive function. The US population is constantly exposed to measurable levels of phthalates. Phthalates can also pass placental barriers and affect the developing offspring. Phthalates are frequently prevalent as mixtures; however, most previous studies have focused on the effects of single phthalates on the ovary and female reproduction. Thus, the effects of exposure to phthalate mixtures on ovarian function and the female reproductive system remain unclear. Following a brief introduction to the ovary and its major roles, this review covers what is currently known about the effects of phthalate mixtures on the ovary, focusing primarily on their effects on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Furthermore, this review focuses on the effects of phthalate mixtures on female reproductive outcomes. Finally, this review emphasizes the need for future research on the effects of environmentally relevant phthalate mixtures on the ovary and female reproduction.
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EL-Desouky NA, Elyamany M, Hanon AF, Atef A, Issak M, Taha SHN, Hussein RF. Association of Phthalate Exposure with Endometriosis and Idiopathic Infertility in Egyptian Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Phthalates are compounds found in medical supplies, cellophane wraps, beverage containers, metal can linings, and other products. They have the potential to be significant endocrine disruptors. In experimental animals, thereby affecting their reproductive capacity. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition defined by ectopic endometrial glands and stromal development. Exposure to phthalates has been linked to the development of endometriosis in numerous studies. The dangers of phthalates to women’s reproductive health and fertility have been widely reported.
AIM: So far, the relationship between phthalates and infertility is not proven so we decided to see if there was a link between the urine phthalate metabolite levels and endometriosis or idiopathic infertility in Egyptian women.
METHODS: Our research was carried out at the infertility outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of Cairo University. It included 100 female subjects aged 18−40-years-old. Group A (idiopathic infertility; n = 40), Group B (endometriosis; n = 40), and Group C (control; n = 20) were the three age-matched groups that were studied. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the urine levels of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) were quantified.
RESULTS: The comparison between the study groups has revealed statistically significant differences regarding the urine MEHP levels between Groups A and B. An analysis of the urine MEHP levels in the study Groups A and B has also revealed that the significantly higher urinary MEHP levels are correlated with the use of dietary plastic containers, the use of cosmetics, and the patients’ estrogen levels. Moreover, the urinary MEHP levels of Group A were associated with a history of abortions.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of urinary MEHP are positively associated with female reproductive disorders, specifically endometriosis, idiopathic infertility, and abortion.
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Olkowska E, Gržinić G. Skin models for dermal exposure assessment of phthalates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133909. [PMID: 35143861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of compounds that have found widespread use in industrial applications, in particular in the polymer, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. While ingestion, and to a lesser degree inhalation, have been considered as the major exposure routes, especially for higher molecular weight phthalates, dermal exposure is an important route for lower weight phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP). Assessing the dermal permeability of such compounds is of great importance for evaluating the impact and toxicity of such compounds in humans. While human skin is still the best model for studying dermal permeation, availability, cost and ethical concerns may preclude or restrict its use. A range of alternative models has been developed over time to substitute for human skin, especially in the early phases of research. These include ex vivo animal skin, human reconstructed skin and artificial skin models. While the results obtained using such alternative models correlate to a lesser or greater degree with those from in vivo human studies, the use of such models is nevertheless vital in dermal permeation research. This review discusses the alternative skin models that are available, their use in phthalate permeation studies and possible new avenues of phthalate research using skin models that have not been used so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Goran Gržinić
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland
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Petroff RL, Padmanabhan V, Dolinoy DC, Watkins DJ, Ciarelli J, Haggerty D, Ruden DM, Goodrich JM. Prenatal Exposures to Common Phthalates and Prevalent Phthalate Alternatives and Infant DNA Methylation at Birth. Front Genet 2022; 13:793278. [PMID: 35432478 PMCID: PMC9010032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.793278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a diverse group of chemicals used in consumer products. Because they are so widespread, exposure to these compounds is nearly unavoidable. Recently, growing scientific consensus has suggested that phthalates produce health effects in developing infants and children. These effects may be mediated through mechanisms related to the epigenome, the constellation of mitotically heritable chemical marks and small compounds that guide transcription and translation. The present study examined the relationship between prenatal, first-trimester exposure of seven phthalates and epigenetics in two pregnancy cohorts (n = 262) to investigate sex-specific alterations in infant blood DNA methylation at birth (cord blood or neonatal blood spots). Prenatal exposure to several phthalates was suggestive of association with altered DNA methylation at 4 loci in males (all related to ΣDEHP) and 4 loci in females (1 related to ΣDiNP; 2 related to BBzP; and 1 related to MCPP) at a cutoff of q < 0.2. Additionally, a subset of dyads (n = 79) was used to interrogate the relationships between two compounds increasingly used as substitutions for common phthalates (ΣDINCH and ΣDEHTP) and cord blood DNA methylation. ΣDINCH, but not ΣDEHTP, was suggestive of association with DNA methylation (q < 0.2). Together, these results demonstrate that prenatal exposure to both classically used phthalate metabolites and their newer alternatives is associated with sex-specific infant DNA methylation. Research and regulatory actions regarding this chemical class should consider the developmental health effects of these compounds and aim to avoid regrettable substitution scenarios in the present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Petroff
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joseph Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Diana Haggerty
- Scholarly Activities and Scientific Support, Spectrum Health West Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ozkemahli G, Ozyurt AB, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. The Effects of Prenatal and Lactational Bisphenol A and/or Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure on Female Reproductive System. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:597-605. [PMID: 35321620 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2057265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which are abundantly used in polyvinyl chloride plastics, polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Prenatal and early postnatal exposures to EDCs are suggested to be more critical. Such exposures can lead to reprotoxic effects, hormonal and metabolic consequences in adulthood. Moreover, combined exposure to different EDCs can lead to more serious adverse effects, some of which cannot be predicted by examining their individual toxicity profiles. This study aimed to evaluate effects of single and combined prenatal and lactational exposures to BPA and/or DEHP on female reproductive hormones and ovarian follicle development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly to four groups (n = 3/group): Control (received vehicle only); DEHP (30 mg/kg/day); BPA (50 mg/kg/day) and BPA + DEHP (30 mg/kg/day DEHP; 50 mg/kg/day BPA) through 6-21 gestational days and lactation by intra-gastric lavage. Female offspring (n = 6/group) were fed until the end of twelfth postnatal week and then euthanized. Reproductive hormones, ovarian follicle numbers and ovarian development were determined. Plasma testosterone and estradiol levels of BPA and BPA + DEHP groups were significantly lower than control. In BPA group, the number of tertiary ovarian follicles decreased significantly compared to control. In the combined exposure group, the number of corpus luteum (29%) as well as the number of primordial follicles (36%) showed marked decreases compared to control group.It can be suggested that early life exposure to BPA and DEHP may cause late life adverse effects in female reproductive system especially after combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci Ozyurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lacouture A, Lafront C, Peillex C, Pelletier M, Audet-Walsh É. Impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on prostate function and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112085. [PMID: 34562481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their historical mode of action, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with sex-steroid receptors, namely the two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the androgen receptor (AR). Broadly, EDCs can modulate sex-steroid receptor functions. They can also indirectly impact the androgen and estrogen pathways by influencing steroidogenesis, expression of AR or ERs, and their respective activity as transcription factors. Additionally, many of these chemicals have multiple cellular targets other than sex-steroid receptors, which results in a myriad of potential effects in humans. The current article reviews the association between prostate cancer and the endocrine-disrupting functions of four prominent EDC families: bisphenols, phthalates, phytoestrogens, and mycoestrogens. Results from both in vitro and in vivo models are included and discussed to better assess the molecular mechanisms by which EDCs can modify prostate biology. To overcome the heterogeneity of results published, we established common guidelines to properly study EDCs in the context of endocrine diseases. Firstly, the expression of sex-steroid receptors in the models used must be determined before testing. Then, in parallel to EDCs, pharmacological compounds acting as positive (agonists) and negative controls (antagonists) have to be employed. Finally, EDCs need to be used in a precise range of concentrations to modulate sex-steroid receptors and avoid off-target effects. By adequately integrating molecular endocrinology aspects in EDC studies and identifying their underlying molecular mechanisms, we will truly understand their impact on prostate cancer and distinguish those that favor the progression of the disease from those that slow down tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lacouture
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Lafront
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Cindy Peillex
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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Basso CG, de Araujo-Ramos AT, Martino-Andrade AJ. Exposure to phthalates and female reproductive health: a literature review. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:61-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Beckingham BA, Wischusen K, Walker JP. Phthalate exposure among U.S. college-aged women: Biomonitoring in an undergraduate student cohort (2016-2017) and trends from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2016). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263578. [PMID: 35148339 PMCID: PMC8836309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Phthalates are ubiquitous and many are known or suspected human reproductive and endocrine-disrupting toxicants. A data gap exists in reporting on biomonitoring of phthalate biomarkers in college-aged adults. Objective To analyze phthalate exposure in a cross-sectional sample of female college students using urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and compare to reference populations including college-aged women sampled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Nine monoester phthalate metabolites were analyzed in spot urine collected from 215 female undergraduates (age 18–22, 2016–2017) at a public university in Charleston, SC USA and a subset of participants completed a questionnaire detailing demographics and behaviors including personal care and cosmetic product use (e.g. in the past 6 or 24 hrs). Urine specific gravity was used to assess effect of urine dilution. Phthalate metabolite concentrations were compared to reference populations and the temporal trends of the same age-group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Results Total urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in individuals ranged three orders of magnitude (geometric mean 56.6 ng/mL, IQR 26.6–114 ng/mL). A third of urine samples had relatively high urine specific gravity levels indicating potential dehydration status. All geometric mean concentrations were similar to the U.S. female population in the most recent NHANES cycle (2015–2016) except for MEP and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP). Relatively low MEP and MiBP may be explained by a time trend of declining MEP in the general U.S. population, the sociocultural character of this cohort, and the time of day of spot sampling in evening. NHANES data indicate a significant effect of sample timing on phthalate metabolite concentrations and decline in most, but not all, phthalate metabolites sampled in women aged 18–22 years over the decade (2005–2016). Significance This study reports phthalate metabolites in college-aged women, an understudied group, emphasizes the benefit of survey information for interpreting biomonitoring data, and is a useful case study for communicating phthalate chemical exposure risks to college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Beckingham
- Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kerry Wischusen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joanna P. Walker
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Li Y, Zheng N, Li Y, Li P, Sun S, Wang S, Song X. Exposure of childbearing-aged female to phthalates through the use of personal care products in China: An assessment of absorption via dermal and its risk characterization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150980. [PMID: 34662603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and skin care packaging materials. Through national representative sampling, 328 childbearing-aged females in China were investigated by questionnaire, whose contact factors for 30 cosmetic products were collected. According to the daily exposure method and adverse cumulative effects of PAE exposure on female reproduction, we derived the ERα, ERβ binding, and AR anti-androgenic effects. The utilization rates of acne cleanser, acne cream, cleanser (non-acne), and cream (non-acne) in volunteers were 21.90%, 22.22%, 51.63%, and 51.96%, respectively. Examining the data for PAEs in PCPs, the content of DBP (dibutyl phthalate) in them was significantly higher for tubes (0.26 ± 0.05 μg/g) and other packaging (pump type and metal tube) (0.25 ± 0.03 μg/g) than bowl (0.17 ± 0.04 μg/g). The DBP content of acne cream (0.27 ± 0.03 μg/g) was significantly higher than that of non-acne cream (0.17 ± 0.03 μg/g); likewise, there was significantly more DEHP (di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in acne cleanser (0.87 ± 0.15 μg/g) than non-acne cleanser (0.64 ± 0.36 μg/g). Students and office worker were the main consumers of PCPs; however, among all occupation groups, the daily exposure dose of PCPs for workers was highest (mean = 0.0004, 0.0002, 0.0009 μg/kg bw/day for DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP, and DEHP, respectively). The cumulative indices of PAEs' exposure revealed that the level of ERα and ERβ binding and AR anti-androgenic effects in workers was respectively 0.4935, 0.0186, and 0.2411 μg/kg bw/day. The risk index (HITDI and HIRfDs) of DEP, DBP, and DEHP was lower than their corresponding reference value (hazard index <1), but using PCPs may cause potential health risks. Therefore, we should pay attention to the adverse effects of PAEs on female reproductive functioning, especially the cumulative exposure of females of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xue Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
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47
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Xie H, Han W, Xie Q, Xu T, Zhu M, Chen J. Face mask-A potential source of phthalate exposure for human. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126848. [PMID: 34403943 PMCID: PMC8496910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Face masks are necessary for fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 around the world. As the face mask is usually made from polymers and phthalates are widely-used additives into the polymers, the face mask could be a potential source of phthalate exposure to humans. However, limited knowledge is available on the occurrence and risks of the phthalates from the face mask. In this study, twelve phthalates were determined in 56 mask samples collected from different countries. The phthalates were detected in all the samples with total levels ranging from 115 ng/g to 37,700 ng/g. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the phthalates from the masks ranged from 3.71 to 639 ng/kg-bw/day, and the EDIs of the phthalates from masks for toddlers were approximately 4-5 times higher than those for adults. Non-carcinogenic risks in relation to the phthalates in masks were found to be within safe levels, yet 89.3% of the mask samples exhibited potential carcinogenic effects to humans. The extent of the risks for wearing masks located at a moderate level comparing with other skin-contacted products. This study unveiled a potential source of phthalate exposure to human, and indicated necessity of managing types and levels of additives in the face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenjing Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
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48
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Yang I, Lin I, Liang Y, Lin J, Chen T, Chen Z, Kuan C, Chi C, Li C, Wu H, Lin F. Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10267. [PMID: 35600649 PMCID: PMC9115706 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopausal syndrome includes the symptoms that most women experience owing to hormone changes after menopause. Although hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment for menopausal syndrome, there are still many side effects and challenges hindering research. In this study, thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel was synthesized by a new method of low concentration of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) would encapsulate di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as an alternative hormone replacement therapy for menopausal syndrome. The efficacies of the DEHP‐containing TGA‐chitosan gel (CT‐D) were confirmed and evaluated by materials characterization and in vitro study. Results showed that CT‐D was not cytotoxic and had better mucoadhesive ability than chitosan. The animal model was constructed 1 month after bilateral ovariectomy in SD rats. CT‐D was administered intravaginally every 3 days. Bodyweight, wet weight of the uterus and vagina, vaginal smears, histology, blood element analysis, and serological analysis was used to assess the ability of the material to relieve menopausal syndrome. The results indicated that the combination of the sustained release of DEHP and mucoadhesive TGA‐immobilized chitosan allows the developed CT‐D to relieve the menopausal syndrome through low concentrations of DEHP, which falls in the safety level of the tolerable daily intake of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Hsuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - I‐En Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Jyun Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jhih‐Ni Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzu‐Chien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Zhi‐Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Che‐Yung Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Ying Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Han Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Feng‐Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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49
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Hung CC, Yu TH, Simaremare SRS, Hsieh CJ, Yiin LM. Associations between phthalic acid esters in house dust and home characteristics/living habits in a rural region of Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67362-67369. [PMID: 34254238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) commonly used as plasticizers are distributed ubiquitously in the living environment. We conducted a field study to examine the associations between PAE residue in dust and home characteristics/living habits in 47 rural homes in Taiwan. A questionnaire regarding home characteristics/living habits and composite sampling of house dust were conducted in each participating home. Five PAEs were selected for analysis on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the limits of quantification being 0.5 ng/g or lower. Uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for examining the associations. The five PAEs were prevalently detected from the samples, and the concentrations were below 1000 ng/g; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most frequently detected PAE (85%), whereas di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) appeared to the most abundant congener with the maximum concentration of 807.65 ng/g. Floor cleaning frequency and use of detergents for floor cleaning were significantly associated with DEHP in dust (P < 0.05), suggesting additives of plasticizers in detergent products. The factors of plastic wraps in storage and use of disposable cups were both significantly related to DiBP (P < 0.01), which could be extensively used in food packaging products. We confirmed that several home characteristics/living habits were related to certain PAE residue in dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Che Hung
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
- TCU Center for Health and Welfare Data Science, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ming Yiin
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
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50
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Wang K. Expanding the definition of healthy eating: Incorporating food packaging, kitchen equipment, and food storage. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:129-130. [PMID: 34785156 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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