1
|
Kang N, Tan J, Yan S, Lin L, Gao Q. General autophagy-dependent and -independent lipophagic processes collaborate to regulate the overall level of lipophagy in yeast. Autophagy 2024; 20:1523-1536. [PMID: 38425021 PMCID: PMC11210923 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2325297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FA: fatty acid; LD: lipid droplet; Ld microdomains: liquid-disordered microdomains; NL: neutral lipid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinling Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sisi Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leiying Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Ding G, Yang X, Lu H, Xu Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Zhang H, Huang K, Deng G, Ye T, Yu Q, Cai Y, Xie S, Wang W, Chen X. Myriocin enhances the clearance of M. tuberculosis by macrophages through the activation of PLIN2. mSphere 2024:e0025724. [PMID: 38920406 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00257-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myriocin is an inhibitor of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. In this research, we showed myriocin could significantly reduce Mtb burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant increase in gene expression of PLIN2/CD36/CERT1 after myriocin treatment. The reduced bactericidal burden was only reversed after silencing the lipid droplets (LDs) surface protein PLIN2. This suggests that myriocin enhances the ability of macrophages to clear Mtb depending on the PLIN2 gene, which is part of the PPARγ pathway. Indeed, we observed a significant increase in the number of LDs following myriocin treatment.IMPORTANCEMycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to reprogram host cell lipid metabolism and alter the antimicrobial functions of infected macrophages. The sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are the primary host lipids utilized by the bacteria, making the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system critical in Mtb infections. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial effect of myriocin was found to be independent of its role in reducing ceramides, but instead, it depends on the lipid droplets surface protein PLIN2. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for how myriocin enhances Mtb clearance in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanggui Ding
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xirui Yang
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hailin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaisong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taosheng Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuixiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou R, Liu Y, Hu W, Yang J, Lin B, Zhang Z, Chen M, Yi J, Zhu C. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ameliorates the accumulation of lipid droplets in adipose tissue via an ATF6/SIRT1-dependent mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:844-856. [PMID: 38606478 PMCID: PMC11214951 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids and are closely linked to obesity. Previous studies have suggested that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) supplements can ameliorate obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that LBP alleviates LD accumulation in adipose tissue (AT) by inhibiting fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27) through an activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6)/small-molecule sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-dependent mechanism. LD accumulation in AT is induced in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (PAs) is induced. The ability of LBP to alleviate LD accumulation and the possible underlying mechanism are then investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The influences of LBP on the expressions of LD-associated genes ( ATF6 and Fsp27) are also detected. The results show that HFD and PA differentiation markedly increase LD accumulation in ATs and adipocytes, respectively, and these effects are markedly suppressed by LBP supplementation. Furthermore, LBP significantly activates SIRT1 and decreases ATF6 and Fsp27 expressions. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of LBP are either abolished or exacerbated when ATF6 is overexpressed or silenced, respectively. Furthermore, SIRT1 level is transcriptionally regulated by LBP through opposite actions mediated by ATF6. Collectively, our findings suggest that LBP supplementation alleviates obesity by ameliorating LD accumulation, which might be partially mediated by an ATF6/SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yajing Liu
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Weiqian Hu
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Jing Yang
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Bing Lin
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Zhentian Zhang
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Mingyan Chen
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Cuifeng Zhu
- />Department of Clinical NutritionShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen518000China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu S, Dai L, Zhong X, Lin W. A highly selective probe engineered to detect polarity and distinguish normal cells and tumor cells in tissue sections. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2850-2856. [PMID: 38644726 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnostics and therapies for diseases such as cancer are limited by the fact that the inducing factors for the development of cytopathies are not clear. The stable polarity of lipid droplets is a potential biomarker for tumor cells; however, the complex intracellular biological environment poses great difficulties for specific detection of the polarity. Therefore, to meet this pressing challenge, we designed a highly selective fluorescent probe, DCI-Cou-polar, which used the ICT mechanism to differentiate normal cells and tumor cells in tissue sections by detecting changes in the polarities of intracellular lipid droplets. The introduction of a cyclic amine at the 7-position of coumarin (benzoquinolizine coumarin) reduced its ability to donate electrons compared with the diethylamino group, which increased the probe selectivity while retaining the sensitivity to polarity. With NIR emission and large Stokes shifts, DCI-Cou-polar has high sensitivity to polarity, excellent photostability, and biocompatibility, and it tracks lipid droplets with high fidelity. Therefore, we believe that this polarity-sensitive probe provides information on the connection between the polarity of lipid droplets and tumors while improving the development of highly selective polarity probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhu
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Lixuan Dai
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu L, Li L, Wu L, Li P, Chen FJ. CIDE proteins and their regulatory mechanisms in lipid droplet fusion and growth. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1154-1169. [PMID: 38355218 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins, including Cidea, Cideb, and Cidec/Fsp27, regulate various aspects of lipid homeostasis, including lipid storage, lipolysis, and lipid secretion. This review focuses on the physiological roles of CIDE proteins based on studies on knockout mouse models and human patients bearing CIDE mutations. The primary cellular function of CIDE proteins is to localize to lipid droplets (LDs) and to control LD fusion and growth across different cell types. We propose a four-step process of LD fusion, characterized by (a) the recruitment of CIDE proteins to the LD surface and CIDE movement, (b) the enrichment and condensate formation of CIDE proteins to form LD fusion plates at LD-LD contact sites, (c) lipid transfer through lipid-permeable passageways within the fusion plates, and (d) the completion of LD fusion. Lastly, we outline CIDE-interacting proteins as regulatory factors, as well as their contribution in LD fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Nikain C, Amengual J, La Forest M, Yu Y, Wang MC, Watts R, Lehner R, Qiu Y, Cai M, Kurland IJ, Goldberg IJ, Rajan S, Hussain MM, Brodsky JL, Fisher EA. FITM2 deficiency results in ER lipid accumulation, ER stress, reduced apolipoprotein B lipidation, and VLDL triglyceride secretion in vitro and in mouse liver. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570183. [PMID: 38106013 PMCID: PMC10723279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Triglyceride (TG) association with apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) serves to form very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the liver. The repertoire of factors that facilitate this association is incompletely defined. FITM2, an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, was originally discovered as a factor participating in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in tissues that do not form VLDL. We hypothesized that in the liver, in addition to promoting cytosolic LD formation, FITM2 would also transfer TG from its site of synthesis in the ER membrane to nascent VLDL particles within the ER lumen. Methods Experiments were conducted using a rat hepatic cell line (McArdle-RH7777, or McA cells), an established model of mammalian lipoprotein metabolism, and mice. FITM2 expression was reduced using siRNA in cells and by liver specific cre-recombinase mediated deletion of the Fitm2 gene in mice. Effects of FITM2 deficiency on VLDL assembly and secretion in vitro and in vivo were measured by multiple methods, including density gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatography, mass spectrometry, simulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) microscopy, sub-cellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Main findings 1) FITM2-deficient hepatic cells in vitro and in vivo secrete TG-depleted VLDL particles, but the number of particles is unchanged compared to controls; 2) FITM2 deficiency in mice on a high fat diet (HFD) results in decreased plasma TG levels. The number of apoB100-containing lipoproteins remains similar, but shift from VLDL to LDL density; 3) Both in vitro and in vivo , when TG synthesis is stimulated and FITM2 is deficient, TG accumulates in the ER, and despite its availability this pool is unable to fully lipidate apoB100 particles; 4) FITM2 deficiency disrupts ER morphology and results in ER stress. Principal conclusions The results suggest that FITM2 contributes to VLDL lipidation, especially when newly synthesized hepatic TG is in abundance. In addition to its fundamental importance in VLDL assembly, the results also suggest that under dysmetabolic conditions, FITM2 may be a limiting factor that ultimately contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH).
Collapse
|
7
|
Sousa JLC, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Drug Discovery Based on Oxygen and Nitrogen (Non-)Heterocyclic Compounds Developed @LAQV-REQUI MTE/Aveiro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1668. [PMID: 38139794 PMCID: PMC10747949 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artur Silva's research group has a long history in the field of medicinal chemistry. The development of new synthetic methods for oxygen (mostly polyphenols, e.g., 2- and 3-styrylchromones, xanthones, flavones) and nitrogen (e.g., pyrazoles, triazoles, acridones, 4-quinolones) heterocyclic compounds in order to be assessed as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents has been the main core work of our research interests. Additionally, the synthesis of steroid-type compounds as anti-Alzheimer drugs as well as of several chromophores as important dyes for cellular imaging broadened our research scope. In this review article, we intend to provide an enlightened appraisal of all the bioactive compounds and their biological properties that were synthesized and studied by our research group in the last two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.L.C.S.); (H.M.T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mastoridou EM, Goussia AC, Kanavaros P, Charchanti AV. Involvement of Lipophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulation of Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15891. [PMID: 37958873 PMCID: PMC10649352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of lipids in the form of lipid droplets in more than 5% of hepatocytes. It is regarded as a range of diverse pathologies, including simple steatosis and steatohepatitis. The structural characteristics of lipid droplets, along with their protein composition, mainly including perilipins, have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. These proteins have garnered increasing attention as a pivotal regulator since their levels and distinct expression appear to be associated with the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Perilipins are target proteins of chaperone-mediated autophagy, and their degradation is a prerequisite for lipolysis and lipophagy to access the lipid core. Both lipophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy have significant implications on the development of the disease, as evidenced by their upregulation during the initial phases of simple steatosis and their subsequent downregulation once steatosis is established. On the contrary, during steatohepatitis, the process of chaperone-mediated autophagy is enhanced, although lipophagy remains suppressed. Evidently, the reduced levels of autophagic pathways observed in simple steatosis serve as a defensive mechanism against lipotoxicity. Conversely, in steatohepatitis, chaperone-mediated autophagy fails to compensate for the continuous generation of small lipid droplets and thus cannot protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria M. Mastoridou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna C. Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Antonia V. Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim KE, Shin HJ, Ju Y, Jung Y, An HS, Lee SJ, Jeong EA, Lee J, Hwang GS, Roh GS. Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Enhancing the Hepatic Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:4574. [PMID: 37960230 PMCID: PMC10649202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An intermittent fasting (IF) regimen has been shown to protect against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored how IF reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with MASH. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks and either continued on the HFD or were subjected to IF for the final 22 weeks. IF reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. Lipidome analysis revealed that IF modified HFD-induced hepatic lipid composition. In particular, HFD-induced impaired autophagic flux was reversed by IF. The decreased hepatic lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 level in HFD-fed mice was upregulated in HFD+IF-fed mice. However, increased hepatic lysosomal acid lipase protein levels in HFD-fed mice were reduced by IF. IF attenuated HFD-induced hepatic inflammation and galectin-3-positive Kupffer cells. In addition to the increases in hepatic hydroxyproline and lumican levels, lipocalin-2-mediated signaling was reversed in HFD-fed mice by IF. Taken together, our findings indicate that the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway may be a critical mechanism of MASH reduction by IF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Yeajin Ju
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (Y.J.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (K.E.K.); (H.J.S.); (H.S.A.); (S.J.L.); (E.A.J.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Delmas D, Cotte AK, Connat JL, Hermetet F, Bouyer F, Aires V. Emergence of Lipid Droplets in the Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4100. [PMID: 37627128 PMCID: PMC10452604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer shares common risk factors with cardiovascular diseases such as dyslipidemia, obesity and inflammation. In both cases, dysregulations of lipid metabolism occur, and lipid vesicles emerge as important factors that can influence carcinogenesis. In this review, the role of different lipids known to be involved in cancer and its response to treatments is detailed. In particular, lipid droplets (LDs), initially described for their role in lipid storage, exert multiple functions, from the physiological prevention of LD coalescence and regulation of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to pathological involvement in tumor progression and aggressiveness. Analysis of LDs highlights the importance of phosphatidylcholine metabolism and the diversity of lipid synthesis enzymes. In many cancers, the phosphatidylcholine pathways are disrupted, modifying the expression of genes coding for metabolic enzymes. Tumor microenvironment conditions, such as hypoxia, different types of stress or inflammatory conditions, are also important determinants of LD behavior in cancer cells. Therefore, LDs represent therapeutic targets in cancer, and many lipid mediators have emerged as potential biomarkers for cancer onset, progression, and/or resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Delmas
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexia K. Cotte
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Connat
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Hermetet
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Florence Bouyer
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Aires
- UFR of Heatlh Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.K.C.); (J.-L.C.); (F.H.); (F.B.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231—Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schröder JA, Porubsky S. [Ultrastructure of pathologic deposits and cellular inclusions]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 44:95-103. [PMID: 36749366 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intra- and extracellular depositions and inclusions occur in a wide range of diseases with exogenous (e.g. infectious, environmental and toxic) or endogenous (e.g. genetic, inflammatory, neoplastic and degenerative) aetiology. The noxious agent and the pathogenesis influence the organ of manifestation, the subcellular localisation and the ultrastructural appearance of the depositions. Whereas some of the inclusions like pathogens, foreign material (e.g. asbestos) or microvilli have an almost pathognomonic morphology, other inclusions are present in lower amounts also under normal conditions (e.g. lipid vacuoles and glycogen). Therefore, the interpretation of ultrastructural findings makes a correlation with the histological features and clinical constellation necessary. Auxiliary investigations by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) or electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provide additional information about the chemical composition of the material and are therefore especially helpful for the identification of foreign substances. This review focuses on a selection of deposits and inclusions relevant to diagnostic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
White RP, Welte MA. Visualizing Lipid Droplets in Drosophila Oogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2626:233-251. [PMID: 36715908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2970-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles highly abundant in oocytes and eggs of many vertebrates and invertebrates. They have roles both during oogenesis and in provisioning the developing embryo. In Drosophila, large numbers of LDs are generated in nurse cells during mid-oogenesis and then transferred to oocytes. Their number and spatial distribution changes developmentally and in response to various experimental manipulations. This chapter demonstrates how to visualize LDs in Drosophila follicles, both in fixed tissues and living samples. For fixed samples, the protocol explains how to prepare female flies, dissect ovaries, isolate follicles, fix, apply stains, mount the tissue, and perform imaging. For live samples, the protocol shows how to dissect ovaries, apply a fluorescent LD dye, and culture follicles such that they remain alive and healthy during imaging. Finally, a method is provided that employs in vivo centrifugation to assess colocalization of markers with LDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger P White
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Natural Ghee Enhances the Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits. Life (Basel) 2022; 13:life13010080. [PMID: 36676029 PMCID: PMC9861198 DOI: 10.3390/life13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive effects of several dietary fats (margarine, ghee, and olive oil) on female rabbits were studied. For that purpose, 40 mature female rabbits were designed into four groups of ten rabbits each. Group I was given a control diet, Group II received 10% margarine, Group III received 10% ghee, and Group IV received 10% olive oil; after two months, all rabbits were sacrificed. Lipid profile and reproductive hormones levels were assayed in serum besides ovarian antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, ovarian tissue was examined using hematoxylin−eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor, and caspase 3. Our data revealed that the margarine significantly (p < 0.05) increased lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which decreased in olive oil and ghee compared to the control. In addition, serum FSH and estrogen (estradiol (E2)) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the group treated with margarine. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in ovarian superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in the margarine-treated group. In contrast, SOD and MDA showed a significant (p > 0.05) increase in the olive oil and ghee- treated group compared to the control group. At the same time, there was a significant increase in serum FSH and (estradiol (E2)) in the ghee and olive oil groups, respectively, compared to the control. The margarine feed group showed moderate immunoreaction of estrogen, FSH, LH receptor, and strong caspase 3, while ghee and olive oil showed strong immunoreaction of estrogen, FSH, LH receptor, and mild immunoreaction of caspase 3 in ovarian tissue. Photomicrograph of rabbit ovarian tissue showed vacuolation in small and growing follicles in the margarine group but appeared normal in ghee and the olive oil-treated group. In conclusion, based on these results, olive oil and ghee have a strong capability of enhancing lipid profile, antioxidant status, and female hormonal functions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdul Rashid K, Ibrahim K, Wong JHD, Mohd Ramli N. Lipid Alterations in Glioma: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121280. [PMID: 36557318 PMCID: PMC9783089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly lethal tumours characterised by heterogeneous molecular features, producing various metabolic phenotypes leading to therapeutic resistance. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is predominant and has contributed to the metabolic plasticity in glioma. This systematic review aims to discover lipids alteration and their biological roles in glioma and the identification of potential lipids biomarker. This systematic review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extensive research articles search for the last 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, were conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and ScienceDirect. A total of 158 research articles were included in this study. All studies reported significant lipid alteration between glioma and control groups, impacting glioma cell growth, proliferation, drug resistance, patients' survival and metastasis. Different lipids demonstrated different biological roles, either beneficial or detrimental effects on glioma. Notably, prostaglandin (PGE2), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingosine-1-phosphate play significant roles in glioma development. Conversely, the most prominent anti-carcinogenic lipids include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and vitamin D3 have been reported to have detrimental effects on glioma cells. Furthermore, high lipid signals were detected at 0.9 and 1.3 ppm in high-grade glioma relative to low-grade glioma. This evidence shows that lipid metabolisms were significantly dysregulated in glioma. Concurrent with this knowledge, the discovery of specific lipid classes altered in glioma will accelerate the development of potential lipid biomarkers and enhance future glioma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Mohd Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-379673238
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y. Roles of organelle-specific autophagy in hepatocytes in the development and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1673-1681. [PMID: 35950774 PMCID: PMC9509094 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder of lipid metabolism. The lipotoxic intermediates of lipid metabolism cause mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organelle-specific autophagy is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Lipophagy contributes to lipid turnover by degrading lipid droplets. The level of autophagy changes during the course of NAFLD, and the activation of hepatocyte autophagy might represent a method of treating NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghanem M, Lewis GF, Xiao C. Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159197. [PMID: 35820577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murooj Ghanem
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pillai S, Mahmud I, Mahar R, Griffith C, Langsen M, Nguyen J, Wojtkowiak JW, Swietach P, Gatenby RA, Bui MM, Merritt ME, McDonald P, Garrett TJ, Gillies RJ. Lipogenesis mediated by OGR1 regulates metabolic adaptation to acid stress in cancer cells via autophagy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110796. [PMID: 35545051 PMCID: PMC9137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit altered metabolism resulting in a highly acidic extracellular microenvironment. Here, we show that cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, indicative of a lipogenic phenotype, is a cellular adaption to extracellular acidity. LD marker PLIN2 is strongly associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Acid-induced LD accumulation is triggered by activation of the acid-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OGR1, which is expressed highly in breast tumors. OGR1 depletion inhibits acid-induced lipid accumulation, while activation by a synthetic agonist triggers LD formation. Inhibition of OGR1 downstream signaling abrogates the lipogenic phenotype, which can be rescued with OGR1 ectopic expression. OGR1-depleted cells show growth inhibition under acidic growth conditions in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Isotope tracing shows that the source of lipid precursors is primarily autophagy-derived ketogenic amino acids. OGR1-depleted cells are defective in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy and hence fail to accumulate LDs affecting survival under acidic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Pillai
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Crystal Griffith
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Langsen
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi YJ, Zaikova K, Yeom SJ, Kim YS, Lee DW. Biogenesis and Lipase-Mediated Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1243. [PMID: 35567244 PMCID: PMC9105935 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mainly contain neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters, which are considered energy reserves. The metabolic pathways associated with LDs in eukaryotic species are involved in diverse cellular functions. TAG synthesis in plants is mediated by the sequential involvement of two subcellular organelles, i.e., plastids - plant-specific organelles, which serve as the site of lipid synthesis, and the ER. TAGs and sterol esters synthesized in the ER are sequestered to form LDs through the cooperative action of several proteins, such as SEIPINs, LD-associated proteins, LDAP-interacting proteins, and plant-specific proteins such as oleosins. The integrity and stability of LDs are highly dependent on oleosins, especially in the seeds, and oleosin degradation is critical for efficient mobilization of the TAGs of plant LDs. As the TAGs mobilize in LDs during germination and post-germinative growth, a plant-specific lipase-sugar-dependent 1 (SDP1)-plays a major role, through the inter-organellar communication between the ER and peroxisomes. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the different processes involved in the biogenesis and degradation of plant LDs, followed by a discussion of future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kseniia Zaikova
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Su Kim
- Wild Plants Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
Collapse
|
20
|
The vesicular transporter STX11 governs ATGL-mediated hepatic lipolysis and lipophagy. iScience 2022; 25:104085. [PMID: 35372814 PMCID: PMC8971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation is closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adipose-triglyceride-lipase (ATGL) regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and maintains energy homeostasis in hepatocytes. Identifying key factors in the regulation of ATGL will help tackle hepatic lipid accumulation and related metabolic diseases. Herein, we demonstrate that syntaxin11 (STX11), a member of the SNARE family, generally expressed in immune cells, mediates lipid metabolism by binding to ATGL and inhibiting lipid droplet degradation and lipid autophagy in hepatocytes. Our data show that the C-terminal of STX11 and the patatin domain-containing segment of ATGL have direct physical interactions. Thus, STX11 overexpression prevents spatial translocation of ATGL onto LDs by recruitment of ATGL to the ER. Conversely, STX11 deficiency in hepatocytes promotes lipid hydrolysis, and the ATGL-SIRT1 signaling pathway enhances lipophagy. Overall, this study uncovered that the regulation of lipolysis and lipophagy is achieved by STX11 through the attenuation of ATGL action in hepatocytes. STX11 inhibits lipid droplet degradation via ATGL in hepatocytes Interaction of ATGL and STX11 affects trafficking of ATGL STX11 suppresses lipophagy in association with ATGL and SIRT1
Collapse
|
21
|
Triglyceride breakdown from lipid droplets regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114739119. [PMID: 35302892 PMCID: PMC8944848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114739119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play important roles in cellular energy homeostasis, tightly regulating the accumulation and release of lipids. In macrophages, lipids accumulate in LDs during inflammation. However, it is unclear how inflammatory activation promotes the accumulation of lipids in LDs, and how the dynamic between lipid accumulation and breakdown could drive or inhibit inflammation. Elucidating the role of lipid accumulation during inflammation may provide important knowledge to influence inflammatory processes during health and disease. We identify the importance of the hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet–associated protein and the intracellular adipose triglyceride lipase in the regulation of lipid accumulation and breakdown in inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, we determine the regulatory effect of lipid breakdown from LDs in supporting inflammation. In response to inflammatory activation by pathogens, macrophages accumulate triglycerides in intracellular lipid droplets. The mechanisms underlying triglyceride accumulation and its exact role in the inflammatory response of macrophages are not fully understood. Here, we aim to further elucidate the mechanism and function of triglyceride accumulation in the inflammatory response of activated macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation markedly increased triglyceride accumulation in macrophages. This increase could be attributed to up-regulation of the hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet–associated (HILPDA) protein, which down-regulated adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein levels, in turn leading to decreased ATGL-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis. The reduction in ATGL-mediated lipolysis attenuated the inflammatory response in macrophages after ex vivo and in vitro activation, and was accompanied by decreased production of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Overall, we provide evidence that LPS-mediated activation of macrophages suppresses lipolysis via induction of HILPDA, thereby reducing the availability of proinflammatory lipid precursors and suppressing the production of PGE2 and IL-6.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu H, Wang L. The Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:792667. [PMID: 34901163 PMCID: PMC8652134 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.792667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and progressive NAFLD can develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a kind of metabolic disordered disease, which is commonly associated with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis, as well as autophagy. Growing studies have shown Notch signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of NAFLD progression. Here, we review the profile of the Notch signaling pathway, new evidence of Notch signaling involvement in NAFLD, and describe the potential of Notch as a biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sozen E, Demirel-Yalciner T, Sari D, Avcilar C, Samanci TF, Ozer NK. Deficiency of SREBP1c modulates autophagy mediated lipid droplet catabolism during oleic acid induced steatosis. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100138. [PMID: 34704008 PMCID: PMC8526780 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increased fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in liver, majorly modulated by Sterol Regulator Elementing Binding Protein 1c (SREBP1c), is one of the main features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the present study, we aimed to identify the relation between SREBP1c and autophagy mediated lipid droplet (LD) catabolism in oleic acid (OA) induced lipid accumulation. Methods Increased LD formation and SREBP1c induction were identified in hepatocytes (AML12 cells) following the OA administration. SREBP1c level was reduced through siRNA against SREBP1c. The amount and the size of LDs were determined by BODIPY, while protein and mRNA expressions were identified by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. LD-lysosome colocalization was determined with immunofluorescence. Results Increased LD formation and SREBP1c levels were determined at 0.06 mM OA concentration. SREBP1c silencing reduced the number of LDs, while increasing mRNA levels of PPARα. On the other hand, SREBP1c silencing in non-OA and OA treated cells enhanced autophagy mediated LD catabolism. Conclusion Our results implicate the effect of SREBP1c deficiency in modulating PPARα signaling and autophagy mediated LD catabolism against OA induced lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Key Words
- Autophagy
- FASN, Fatty acid synthase
- LAMP1, Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- LC3, Microtubule-Associated Protein Light Chain 3
- LD, Lipid droplet
- Lipid accumulation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OA, Oleic acid
- PA, Palmitic acid
- PPARα, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
- SCD-1, Stereoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SREBP, Sterol regulatory element binding protein
- SREBP1c
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Dyana Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Ceren Avcilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tuna Felix Samanci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulminskaya N, Radler C, Viertlmayr R, Heier C, Hofer P, Colaço-Gaspar M, Owens RJ, Zimmermann R, Schreiber R, Zechner R, Oberer M. Optimized expression and purification of adipose triglyceride lipase improved hydrolytic and transacylation activities in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101206. [PMID: 34543623 PMCID: PMC8506970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) plays a key role in intracellular lipolysis, the mobilization of stored triacylglycerol. This work provides an important basis for generating reproducible and detailed data on the hydrolytic and transacylation activities of ATGL. We generated full-length and C-terminally truncated ATGL variants fused with various affinity tags and analyzed their expression in different hosts, namely E.coli, the insect cell line Sf9, and the mammalian cell line human embryonic kidney 293T. Based on this screen, we expressed a fusion protein of ATGL covering residues M1-D288 flanked with N-terminal and C-terminal purification tags. Using these fusions, we identified key steps in expression and purification protocols, including production in the E. coli strain ArcticExpress (DE3) and removal of copurified chaperones. The resulting purified ATGL variant demonstrated improved lipolytic activity compared with previously published data, and it could be stimulated by the coactivator protein comparative gene identification-58 and inhibited by the protein G0/G1 switch protein 2. Shock freezing and storage did not affect the basal activity but reduced coactivation of ATGL by comparative gene identification 58. In vitro, the truncated ATGL variant demonstrated acyl-CoA-independent transacylation activity when diacylglycerol was offered as substrate, resulting in the formation of fatty acid as well as triacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol. However, the ATGL variant showed neither hydrolytic activity nor transacylation activity upon offering of monoacylglycerol as substrate. To understand the role of ATGL in different physiological contexts, it is critical for future studies to identify all its different functions and to determine under what conditions these activities occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Radler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Viertlmayr
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pyc M, Gidda SK, Seay D, Esnay N, Kretzschmar FK, Cai Y, Doner NM, Greer MS, Hull JJ, Coulon D, Bréhélin C, Yurchenko O, de Vries J, Valerius O, Braus GH, Ischebeck T, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. LDIP cooperates with SEIPIN and LDAP to facilitate lipid droplet biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3076-3103. [PMID: 34244767 PMCID: PMC8462815 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that store neutral lipids and play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain obscure. Here we show that a recently identified protein termed LD-associated protein [LDAP]-interacting protein (LDIP) works together with both endoplasmic reticulum-localized SEIPIN and the LD-coat protein LDAP to facilitate LD formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression in insect cells demonstrated that LDAP is required for the targeting of LDIP to the LD surface, and both proteins are required for the production of normal numbers and sizes of LDs in plant cells. LDIP also interacts with SEIPIN via a conserved hydrophobic helix in SEIPIN and LDIP functions together with SEIPIN to modulate LD numbers and sizes in plants. Further, the co-expression of both proteins is required to restore normal LD production in SEIPIN-deficient yeast cells. These data, combined with the analogous function of LDIP to a mammalian protein called LD Assembly Factor 1, are discussed in the context of a new model for LD biogenesis in plant cells with evolutionary connections to LD biogenesis in other eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damien Seay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138, USA
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Franziska K. Kretzschmar
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Nathan M. Doner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - J. Joe Hull
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138, USA
| | - Denis Coulon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Jan de Vries
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences and Campus Institute Data Science, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaewkittikhun M, Boonmuen N, Kheolamai P, Manochantr S, Tantrawatpan C, Sutjarit N, Tantikanlayaporn D. Andrographolide Reduces Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Adipocytes Derived from Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Suppressing Regulators of Adipogenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9259-9269. [PMID: 34357771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health concern; so, a strategy to prevent or reduce obesity is a priority. The inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation and adipogenesis process provides a target for the treatment of obesity. Herein, the effect of andrographolide (AP) on lipid accumulation in adipocytes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) was examined. AP at concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM reduced lipid droplet accumulation in the adipocytes by suppressing the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Concurrently, the expressions of adipogenic marker genes and the level of adipokines secreted by adipocytes were suppressed. Gene screening analysis showed a negative regulation of genes involved in the adipogenesis process. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time an antilipid accumulation in adipocytes from hBM-MSCs by AP. The compound may potentially be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity as well as obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mintra Kaewkittikhun
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Sutjarit
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rahman MA, Kumar R, Sanchez E, Nazarko TY. Lipid Droplets and Their Autophagic Turnover via the Raft-Like Vacuolar Microdomains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8144. [PMID: 34360917 PMCID: PMC8348048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although once perceived as inert structures that merely serve for lipid storage, lipid droplets (LDs) have proven to be the dynamic organelles that hold many cellular functions. The LDs' basic structure of a hydrophobic core consisting of neutral lipids and enclosed in a phospholipid monolayer allows for quick lipid accessibility for intracellular energy and membrane production. Whereas formed at the peripheral and perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, LDs are degraded either in the cytosol by lipolysis or in the vacuoles/lysosomes by autophagy. Autophagy is a regulated breakdown of dysfunctional, damaged, or surplus cellular components. The selective autophagy of LDs is called lipophagy. Here, we review LDs and their degradation by lipophagy in yeast, which proceeds via the micrometer-scale raft-like lipid domains in the vacuolar membrane. These vacuolar microdomains form during nutrient deprivation and facilitate internalization of LDs via the vacuolar membrane invagination and scission. The resultant intra-vacuolar autophagic bodies with LDs inside are broken down by vacuolar lipases and proteases. This type of lipophagy is called microlipophagy as it resembles microautophagy, the type of autophagy when substrates are sequestered right at the surface of a lytic compartment. Yeast microlipophagy via the raft-like vacuolar microdomains is a great model system to study the role of lipid domains in microautophagic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arifur Rahman
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Enrique Sanchez
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Taras Y. Nazarko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Losartan Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Macrophage Polarization by Inhibiting HIF-1α in a Murine Model of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157841. [PMID: 34360607 PMCID: PMC8346090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hepatosteatosis microenvironments are fundamental traits of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that controls the cellular response to hypoxia and is activated in hepatocytes of patients with NAFLD, whereas the route and regulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and macrophage polarization related to systemic inflammation in NAFLD is unknown. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, that approved portal hypertension and related HIF-1α pathways in hepatic injury models. Here, we show that losartan in a murine model of NAFLD significantly decreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) as well as suppressed lipid droplets (LDs), LD-associated proteins, perilipins (PLINs), and cell-death-inducing DNA-fragmentation-factor (DFF45)-like effector (CIDE) family in liver and epididymal white adipose tissues (EWAT) of ob/ob mice. Obesity-mediated macrophage M1 activation was also required for HIF-1α expression in the liver and EWAT of ob/ob mice. Administration of losartan significantly diminishes obesity-enhanced macrophage M1 activation and suppresses hepatosteatosis. Moreover, HIF-1α-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was reversed in ob/ob mice treated with losartan. Together, the regulation of HIF-1α controls LDs protein expression and macrophage polarization, which highlights a potential target for losartan in NAFLD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shi Y, Pizzini J, Wang H, Das F, Abdul Azees PA, Ghosh Choudhury G, Barnes JL, Zang M, Weintraub ST, Yeh CK, Katz MS, Kamat A. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist induced hepatic steatosis in mice: modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperadrenergic states. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E90-E104. [PMID: 34029162 PMCID: PMC8321826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00651.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disorders ranging from hepatic steatosis [excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TG)] to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular pathogenesis of steatosis and progression to more severe NAFLD remains unclear. Obesity and aging, two principal risk factors for NAFLD, are associated with a hyperadrenergic state. β-Adrenergic responsiveness in liver increases in animal models of obesity and aging, and in both is linked to increased hepatic expression of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs). We previously showed that in aging rodents intracellular signaling from elevated hepatic levels of β2-ARs may contribute to liver steatosis. In this study we demonstrate that injection of formoterol, a highly selective β2-AR agonist, to mice acutely results in hepatic TG accumulation. Further, we have sought to define the intrahepatic mechanisms underlying β2-AR mediated steatosis by investigating changes in hepatic expression and cellular localization of enzymes, transcription factors, and coactivators involved in processes of lipid accrual and disposition-and also functional aspects thereof-in livers of formoterol-treated animals. Our results suggest that β2-AR activation by formoterol leads to increased hepatic TG synthesis and de novo lipogenesis, increased but incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids with accumulation of potentially toxic long-chain acylcarnitine intermediates, and reduced TG secretion-all previously invoked as contributors to fatty liver disease. Experiments are ongoing to determine whether sustained activation of hepatic β2-AR signaling by formoterol might be utilized to model fatty liver changes occurring in hyperadrenergic states of obesity and aging, and thereby identify novel molecular targets for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results of our study suggest that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) activation by agonist formoterol leads to increased hepatic TG synthesis and de novo lipogenesis, incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids with accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitine intermediates, and reduced TG secretion. These findings may, for the first time, implicate a role for β2-AR responsive dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in the pathogenetic processes underlying NAFLD in hyperadrenergic states such as obesity and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jason Pizzini
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Parveez Ahamed Abdul Azees
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael S Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen F, Yan B, Ren J, Lyu R, Wu Y, Guo Y, Li D, Zhang H, Hu J. FIT2 organizes lipid droplet biogenesis with ER tubule-forming proteins and septins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211999. [PMID: 33861319 PMCID: PMC8056755 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical for lipid storage and energy metabolism. LDs form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular basis for LD biogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that fat storage–inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) interacts with ER tubule-forming proteins Rtn4 and REEP5. The association is mainly transmembrane domain based and stimulated by oleic acid. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins decreases the number and size of LDs in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, mimicking loss of FIT2. Through cytosolic loops, FIT2 binds to cytoskeletal protein septin 7, an interaction that is also required for normal LD biogenesis. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins or septins delays nascent LD formation. In addition, FIT2-interacting proteins are up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation, and ER tubule-forming proteins, septin 7, and FIT2 are transiently enriched at LD formation sites. Thus, FIT2-mediated nascent LD biogenesis is facilitated by ER tubule-forming proteins and septins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Lyu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de la Rosa Rodriguez MA, Deng L, Gemmink A, van Weeghel M, Aoun ML, Warnecke C, Singh R, Borst JW, Kersten S. Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated induces DGAT1 and promotes lipid storage in hepatocytes. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101168. [PMID: 33465519 PMCID: PMC7881268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Storage of triglycerides in lipid droplets is governed by a set of lipid droplet-associated proteins. One of these lipid droplet-associated proteins, hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA), was found to impair lipid droplet breakdown in macrophages and cancer cells by inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase. Here, we aimed to better characterize the role and mechanism of action of HILPDA in hepatocytes. Methods We performed studies in HILPDA-deficient and HILPDA-overexpressing liver cells, liver slices, and mice. The functional role and physical interactions of HILPDA were investigated using a variety of biochemical and microscopic techniques, including real-time fluorescence live-cell imaging and Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET-FLIM). Results Levels of HILPDA were markedly induced by fatty acids in several hepatoma cell lines. Hepatocyte-specific deficiency of HILPDA in mice modestly but significantly reduced hepatic triglycerides in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Similarly, deficiency of HILPDA in mouse liver slices and primary hepatocytes reduced lipid storage and accumulation of fluorescently-labeled fatty acids in lipid droplets, respectively, which was independent of adipose triglyceride lipase. Fluorescence microscopy showed that HILPDA partly colocalizes with lipid droplets and with the endoplasmic reticulum, is especially abundant in perinuclear areas, and mainly associates with newly added fatty acids. Real-time fluorescence live-cell imaging further revealed that HILPDA preferentially localizes to lipid droplets that are being remodeled. Overexpression of HILPDA in liver cells increased the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) and DGAT1 protein levels, concurrent with increased lipid storage. Confocal microscopy coupled to FRET-FLIM analysis demonstrated that HILPDA physically interacts with DGAT1 in living liver cells. The stimulatory effect of HILPDA on lipid storage via DGAT1 was corroborated in adipocytes. Conclusions Our data indicate that HILPDA physically interacts with DGAT1 and increases DGAT activity. Our findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism by which fatty acids promote triglyceride synthesis and storage. HILPDA expression is induced by fatty acids in hepatoma cells. HILPDA deficiency modestly decreases liver triglyceride storage in mice with NASH. HILPDA preferentially associates with newly synthesized lipid droplets and active lipid droplets. HILPDA promotes lipid storage at least in part independently of ATGL. HILPDA physically interacts and induces DGAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat A de la Rosa Rodriguez
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise Aoun
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 505D, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christina Warnecke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 505D, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu D, Li P, Xu L. Characterization of the Role of Rab18 in Mediating LD-ER Contact and LD Growth. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2293:229-241. [PMID: 34453721 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. Lipid incorporation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to LD is important in controlling LD growth and intracellular lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular link that mediates ER and LD cross talk remains elusive. Here, we describe the methodology used to characterize the function of Rab18 in regulating LD homeostasis and LD-ER contact. First, we focus on the quantitative assay used to measure intracellular LDs morphological changes. This is followed by a detailed description of the use of the APEX-label technology in combination with electron microscope (EM) to visualize ER-LD contact sites. These assays are valuable for the investigation of LD-associated proteins such as Rab18 in establishing membrane contact sites between LDs and other subcellular organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kloska A, Węsierska M, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipophagy and Lipolysis Status in Lipid Storage and Lipid Metabolism Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6113. [PMID: 32854299 PMCID: PMC7504288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses how lipophagy and cytosolic lipolysis degrade cellular lipids, as well as how these pathway ys communicate, how they affect lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in cells and how their dysfunction affects the pathogenesis of lipid storage and lipid metabolism diseases. Answers to these questions will likely uncover novel strategies for the treatment of aforementioned human diseases, but, above all, will avoid destructive effects of high concentrations of lipids-referred to as lipotoxicity-resulting in cellular dysfunction and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Węsierska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang T, Wei Q, Liang L, Tang X, Yao J, Lu Y, Qu Y, Chen Z, Xing G, Cao X. OSBPL2 Is Required for the Binding of COPB1 to ATGL and the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Lipolysis. iScience 2020; 23:101252. [PMID: 32650117 PMCID: PMC7348002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of giant lipid droplets (LDs) increases the risk of metabolic disorders including obesity and insulin resistance. The lipolysis process involves the activation and transfer of lipase, but the molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The translocation of ATGL, a critical lipolysis lipase, from the ER to the LD surface is mediated by an energy catabolism complex. Oxysterol-binding protein-like 2 (OSBPL2/ORP2) is one of the lipid transfer proteins that regulates intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. A recent study has proven that Osbpl2−/− pigs exhibit hypercholesterolemia and obesity phenotypes with an increase in adipocytes. In this study, we identified that OSBPL2 links the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with LDs, binds to COPB1, and mediates ATGL transport. We provide important insights into the function of OSBPL2, indicating that it is required for the regulation of lipid droplet lipolysis. LD lipolysis is impaired in OSBPL2/osbpl2b-mutant HepG2 cells and zebrafish OSBPL2 interacts with COPB1, a subunit of the COPI complex located on LDs Altered COPI complexes on LDs may perturb the trafficking of lipolysis lipase ATGL
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihong Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xujun Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangqian Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de la Rosa Rodriguez MA, Kersten S. Regulation of lipid droplet homeostasis by hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated HILPDA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158738. [PMID: 32417386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all cell types have the ability to store excess energy as triglycerides in specialized organelles called lipid droplets. The formation and degradation of lipid droplets is governed by a diverse set of enzymes and lipid droplet-associated proteins. One of the lipid droplet-associated proteins is Hypoxia Inducible Lipid Droplet Associated (HILPDA). HILPDA was originally discovered in a screen to identify novel hypoxia-inducible proteins. Apart from hypoxia, levels of HILPDA are induced by fatty acids and adrenergic agonists. HILPDA is a small protein of 63 amino acids in humans and 64 amino acids in mice. Inside cells, HILPDA is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and around lipid droplets. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated that HILPDA promotes lipid storage in hepatocytes, macrophages and cancer cells. HILPDA increases lipid droplet accumulation at least partly by inhibiting triglyceride hydrolysis via ATGL and stimulating triglyceride synthesis via DGAT1. Overall, HILPDA is a novel regulatory signal that adjusts triglyceride storage and the intracellular availability of fatty acids to the external fatty acid supply and the capacity for oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat A de la Rosa Rodriguez
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Trehalose itself plays a critical role on lipid metabolism: Trehalose increases jejunum cytoplasmic lipid droplets which negatively correlated with mesenteric adipocyte size in both HFD-fed trehalase KO and WT mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:22. [PMID: 32206077 PMCID: PMC7081596 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trehalose is a functional disaccharide that has anti-metabolic activities such as suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in mice and alleviation of impaired glucose tolerance in humans. Trehalase hydrolyzes trehalose in the small intestine into two glucose molecules. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose can suppress adipocyte hypertrophy in mice in the presence or absence of trehalase. Methods Trehalase knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and administered water with 0.3% (w/v) or without trehalose for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, mesenteric adipose tissues and the small intestine were collected and the adipocyte size and proportion of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs, %) in jejunum epithelium were measured by image analysis. Results Trehalose treatment was associated with suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy in both trehalase KO and WT mice. The rate of CLDs in the jejunal epithelium was increased in both trehalase KO and WT mice given water containing trehalose relative to untreated control mice. There was a negative correlation between jejunal epithelial lipid droplet volume and mesenteric adipocyte size. Chylomicron-TG tended to be decreased in both trehalose-treated trehalase KO and WT mice. Addition of trehalose to differentiated Caco-2 cells in vitro increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and decreased secretion of the chylomicron marker ApoB-48. Moreover, the jejunal epithelium containing lipid droplets falled into the intestinal lumen, and triglyceride (TG) levels in feces tended to be higher in the KO/HFD/Tre group than in the KO/HFD/Water group. Since then, the accumulation of CLDs has been reported to suppress CM secretion, and along with our results, the effect of trehalose to increase jejunum CLDs may induce adipocyte hypertrophy. Conclusions The suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in the presence and absence of trehalase indicates that trehalose mediates effects prior to being hydrolyzed into glucose. In both trehalase KO and WT mice, trehalose treatment increased the rate of CLDs in jejunal epithelium, reduced chylomicron migration from the intestinal epithelium to the periphery, and suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy. Thus, trehalose ingestion could prevent metabolic syndrome by trapping fat droplets in the intestinal epithelium and suppressing rapid increases in chylomicrons.
Collapse
|
38
|
Grefhorst A, van de Peppel IP, Larsen LE, Jonker JW, Holleboom AG. The Role of Lipophagy in the Development and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:601627. [PMID: 33597924 PMCID: PMC7883485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.601627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic (dysfunction) associated liver disease (MAFLD), is, with a global prevalence of 25%, the most common liver disorder worldwide. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually end-stage liver disease. The cause of NAFLD is multifactorial with genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle playing a crucial role in its development. Disrupted hepatic lipid homeostasis resulting in hepatic triglyceride accumulation is an hallmark of NAFLD. This disruption is commonly described based on four pathways concerning 1) increased fatty acid influx, 2) increased de novo lipogenesis, 3) reduced triglyceride secretion, and 4) reduced fatty acid oxidation. More recently, lipophagy has also emerged as pathway affecting NAFLD development and progression. Lipophagy is a form of autophagy (i.e. controlled autolysosomal degradation and recycling of cellular components), that controls the breakdown of lipid droplets in the liver. Here we address the role of hepatic lipid homeostasis in NAFLD and specifically review the current literature on lipophagy, describing its underlying mechanism, its role in pathophysiology and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Aldo Grefhorst,
| | - Ivo P. van de Peppel
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao G, Sheng Y, Yang H, Chua BT, Xu L. DFCP1 associates with lipid droplets. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1492-1504. [PMID: 31293035 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Double FYVE-containing protein 1 (DFCP1) is ubiquitously expressed, participates in intracellular membrane trafficking and labels omegasomes through specific interactions with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). Previous studies showed that subcellular DFCP1 proteins display multi-organelle localization, including in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, its localization and function on lipid droplets (LDs) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DFCP1 localizes to the LD upon oleic acid incubation. The ER-targeted domain of DFCP1 is indispensable for its LD localization, which is further enhanced by double FYVE domains. Inhibition of PI3P binding at the FYVE domain through wortmannin treatment or double mutation at C654S and C770S have no effect on DFCP1's LD localization. These show that the mechanisms for DFCP1 targeting the omegasome and LDs are different. DFCP1 deficiency in MEF cells causes an increase in LD number and reduces LD size. Interestingly, DFCP1 interacts with GTP-bound Rab18, an LD-associated protein. Taken together, our work demonstrates the dynamic localization of DFCP1 is regulated by nutritional status in response to cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- The Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang C, Yuan Y, Wu J, Zhao Y, Gao X, Chen Y, Sun C, Xiao L, Zheng P, Hu P, Li Z, Wang Z, Ye J, Zhang L. Plin5 deficiency exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by enhancing myocardial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:372-382. [PMID: 31291602 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are accompanied by significant alterations in energy metabolism, more than 50-70% of energy is obtained from fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in adult hearts under physiological conditions. Plin5 is involved in the metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs) and is highly abundant in oxidative tissues including heart, liver and skeletal muscle. Plin5 protects the storage of triglyceride (TG) in LDs by inhibiting lipolysis, thereby suppressing excess FAO and preventing excessive oxidative stress in the heart. In this study, we investigated the roles of Plin5 in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in mice treated with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The results indicated that Plin5 deficiency aggravated myocardial hypertrophy in the TAC-treated mice and exacerbated the TAC-induced heart failure. We also found that Plin5 deficiency reduced the cardiac lipid accumulation and upregulated the levels of PPARα and PGC-1α, which stimulate mitochondrial proliferation. Moreover, Plin5 deficiency aggravated the TAC-induced oxidative stress. We consistently found that Plin5 knockdown disrupted TG storage and elevated FAO and lipolysis in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, Plin5 knockdown also provoked mitochondrial proliferation and lipotoxic injury in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, Plin5 deficiency increases myocardial lipolysis, elevates FAO and oxidative burden, and thereby exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in TAC-treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, No.944 Hospital of PLA, Jiuquan, 735099, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixteenth Hospital of PLA, Aletai, 836500, China
| | - Peizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zengshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen Y, Frost S, Khushi M, Cantrill LC, Yu H, Arthur JW, Bright RK, Groblewski GE, Byrne JA. Delayed recruiting of TPD52 to lipid droplets - evidence for a "second wave" of lipid droplet-associated proteins that respond to altered lipid storage induced by Brefeldin A treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9790. [PMID: 31278300 PMCID: PMC6611826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is amplified and overexpressed in breast and prostate cancers which are frequently characterised by dysregulated lipid storage and metabolism. TPD52 expression increases lipid storage in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, and co-distributes with the Golgi marker GM130 and lipid droplets (LDs). We examined the effects of Brefeldin A (BFA), a fungal metabolite known to disrupt the Golgi structure, in TPD52-expressing 3T3 cells, and in human AU565 and HMC-1-8 breast cancer cells that endogenously express TPD52. Five-hour BFA treatment reduced median LD numbers, but increased LD sizes. TPD52 knockdown decreased both LD sizes and numbers, and blunted BFA's effects on LD numbers. Following BFA treatment for 1-3 hours, TPD52 co-localised with the trans-Golgi network protein syntaxin 6, but after 5 hours BFA treatment, TPD52 showed increased co-localisation with LDs, which was disrupted by microtubule depolymerising agent nocodazole. BFA treatment also increased perilipin (PLIN) family protein PLIN3 but reduced PLIN2 detection at LDs in TPD52-expressing 3T3 cells, with PLIN3 recruitment to LDs preceding that of TPD52. An N-terminally deleted HA-TPD52 mutant (residues 40-184) almost exclusively targeted to LDs in both vehicle and BFA treated cells. In summary, delayed recruitment of TPD52 to LDs suggests that TPD52 participates in a temporal hierarchy of LD-associated proteins that responds to altered LD packaging requirements induced by BFA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Sarah Frost
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Matloob Khushi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- The University of Sydney School of Information Technologies, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Laurence C Cantrill
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Kids Research Microscope Facility, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Hong Yu
- Cell Imaging Facility, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Arthur
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Robert K Bright
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology and TTUHSC Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, 79430, USA
| | - Guy E Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer A Byrne
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-inflammatory Properties of Aliphatic Alpha, Beta-unsaturated Acid and Ester Monomers in RAW264.7 Cells and Their Chemical Reactivity. In Vivo 2019; 33:313-323. [PMID: 30804108 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM α,β-Unsaturated ester monomers such as methyl methacrylates (MMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylates (2-HEMA), ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimetacrylate (TEGDMA) have been widely used in dentistry as dental materials. The present study was designed to clarify the proinflammatory activity of monomers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of the monomers and their effects on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1) mRNAs in RAW264.7 cells were determined using a cell counting kit and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The cytotoxicity declined in the order n-butyl acrylate (nBA) > acrylic acid > TEGDMA > EGDMA > methacrylic acid ≈ 2-HEMA > lauryl methacrylate > nBMA > MMA. nBA and EGDMA at 1 mM up-regulated the expression of Cox2 mRNA. In contrast, 1 mM nBA and 10 mM 2-HEMA up-regulated the expression of Nos2 mRNA. Up-regulation of Ho-1 mRNA expression was found for 0.1 mM nBA, 1 mM EGDMA and 2 mM TEGDMA. The electrophilicity, ω was calculated on the basis of the density function theory BLYP/6-31G*. CONCLUSION nBA and EGDMA with high ω values exerted potent pro-inflammatory activities. nBA, EGDMA and TEGDMA upregulated Ho-1 gene expression. Ho-1 gene activation of monomers may promote resistance of chemical carcinogenesis in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Levchenko SM, Kuzmin AN, Ohulchanskyy TY, Pliss A, Qu J, Prasad PN. Near-Infrared Irradiation Affects Lipid Metabolism in Neuronal Cells, Inducing Lipid Droplets Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1517-1523. [PMID: 30499655 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that lipids play an outstanding role in cellular regulation, and their dysfunction has been linked to many diseases. Thus, modulation of lipid metabolism may provide new pathways for disease treatment or prevention. In this work, near-infrared (NIR) light was applied to modulate lipid metabolism and increase intracellular lipid content in rat cortical neurons (RCN). Using label-free CARS microscopy, we have monitored the intracellular lipid content in RCN at a single-cell level. A major increase in average level of lipid per cell after treatment with laser diode at 808 nm was found, nonlinearly dependent on the irradiation dose. Moreover, a striking formation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the irradiated RCN was discovered. Further experiments and analysis reveal a strong correlation between NIR light induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipids level, and LDs formation in RCN. Our findings can contribute to a development of therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders via NIR light control of lipid metabolism in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana M. Levchenko
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Andrey N. Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Advanced
Cytometry
Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street − Suite 499, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Advanced
Cytometry
Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street − Suite 499, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Norman JE, Aung HH, Wilson DW, Rutledge JC. Inhibition of perilipin 2 expression reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression and increases lipid droplet size. Food Funct 2018; 9:6245-6256. [PMID: 30402637 PMCID: PMC6292725 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our lab previously demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis products induce lipid droplet formation and pro-inflammatory gene expression in monocytes. We hypothesized that the inhibition of perilipin 2 expression in THP-1 monocytes would reduce lipid droplet formation and suppress pro-inflammatory gene expression induced by TGRL lipolysis products. In the current study, we use microarray analysis to identify gene expression altered by TGRL lipolysis products in THP-1 monocytes. We confirmed the expression of selected genes by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and characterized lipid droplet formation in these cells after exposure to TGRL lipolysis products. Using siRNA inhibition of perilipin 2 expression, we examined the role of perilipin 2 in the response of THP-1 monocytes to TGRL lipolysis products. We found that perilipin 2 siRNA increased the intracellular triglyceride content, increased the size of lipid droplets, and reduced pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory gene expression. We saw a reduction of serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1, v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F (avian), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and interleukin 8 gene expression induced by TGRL lipolysis products. This study supports previous findings that reduction of perilipin 2 expression is protective against atherogenesis, while finding an unexpected increase in lipid droplet size with reduced perilipin 2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Norman
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, GBSF 5404, 451 Health Sciences Dr. Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang J, Yan C, Xu C, Chua BT, Li P, Chen FJ. Polybasic RKKR motif in the linker region of lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein CIDEC inhibits LD fusion activity by interacting with acidic phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19330-19343. [PMID: 30361435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles and a central site for lipid synthesis, storage, and mobilization. The size of LDs reflects the dynamic regulation of lipid metabolism in cells. Previously, we found that cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C (CIDEC) mediates LD fusion and growth by lipid transfer through LD-LD contact sites in adipocytes and hepatocytes. The CIDE-N domains of CIDEC molecules form homodimers, whereas the CIDE-C domain plays an important role in LD targeting and enrichment. Here, using targeted protein deletions and GFP expression coupled with fluorescence microscopy, we identified a polybasic RKKR motif in the linker region that connects the CIDE-N and CIDE-C domains of CIDEC and functions as a regulatory motif for LD fusion. We found that deletion of the linker region or mutation of the RKKR motif increases the formation of supersized LDs compared with LD formation in cells with WT CIDEC. This enhanced LD fusion activity required the interaction between CIDE-N domains. Mechanistically, we found that the RKKR motif interacts with acidic phospholipids via electrostatic attraction. Loss of this motif disrupted the protein-lipid interaction, resulting in enhanced lipid droplet fusion activity and thus formation of larger LDs. In summary, we have uncovered a CIDEC domain that regulates LD fusion activity, a finding that provides insights into the inhibitory regulation of LD fusion through CIDEC-lipid interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Chengsong Yan
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, and
| | - Chenqi Xu
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, and
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- the Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, .,the Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Van Den Brink DM, Cubizolle A, Chatelain G, Davoust N, Girard V, Johansen S, Napoletano F, Dourlen P, Guillou L, Angebault-Prouteau C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Guichardant M, Brabet P, Mollereau B. Physiological and pathological roles of FATP-mediated lipid droplets in Drosophila and mice retina. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007627. [PMID: 30199545 PMCID: PMC6147681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with neurodegeneration in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Lipid storage organelles (lipid droplets, LDs), accumulate in many cell types in response to stress, and it is now clear that LDs function not only as lipid stores but also as dynamic regulators of the stress response. However, whether these LDs are always protective or can also be deleterious to the cell is unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of LD accumulation on retinal cell homeostasis under physiological and stress conditions in Drosophila and in mice. In wild-type Drosophila, we show that dFatp is required and sufficient for expansion of LD size in retinal pigment cells (RPCs) and that LDs in RPCs are required for photoreceptor survival during aging. Similarly, in mice, LD accumulation induced by RPC-specific expression of human FATP1 was non-toxic and promoted mitochondrial energy metabolism in RPCs and non-autonomously in photoreceptor cells. In contrast, the inhibition of LD accumulation by dFatp knockdown suppressed neurodegeneration in Aats-metFBDrosophila mutants, which carry elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This suggests that abnormal turnover of LD may be toxic for photoreceptors cells of the retina under oxidative stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that FATP-mediated LD formation in RPCs promotes RPC and neuronal homeostasis under physiological conditions but could be deleterious for the photoreceptors under pathological conditions. Lipids are major cell constituents and are present in the membranes, as free lipids in the cytoplasm, or stored in vesicles called lipid droplets (LDs). Under conditions of stress, lipids stored in LDs can be released to serve as substrates for energy metabolism by mitochondria. However, lipid storage is dysregulated in many degenerative disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Thus, it is unclear whether accumulation of LDs is protective or toxic for neuronal cells. To address this question, we examined the consequences of removal or enforced LD accumulation on the health of retinal cells in flies and mice. Like humans, fly and mouse retinas contain retinal pigment cells (RPC) that support the functions of neighboring photoreceptor cells. We found that overexpression of the fatty acid transport protein (FATP) in RPCs induced accumulation of LDs in both transgenic flies and mice. Moreover, LD accumulation in RPCs was not harmful for juxtaposed photoreceptors during aging, but was toxic under stress conditions. We propose that lipid storage promotes cellular communication that affects photoreceptor health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daan M. Van Den Brink
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Cubizolle
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, CHU St Eloi, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Chatelain
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Davoust
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Victor Girard
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Simone Johansen
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Francesco Napoletano
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste c/o Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierre Dourlen
- Institut Pasteur de Lille; Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases; University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Guillou
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, CHU St Eloi, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Angebault-Prouteau
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, CHU St Eloi, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U1046, UMR CNRS 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Brabet
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, CHU St Eloi, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Belal SA, Kang DR, Sivakumar AS, Choe HS, Shim KS. Effect of long chain fatty acids on triacylglycerol accumulation, fatty acid composition and related gene expression in primary cultured bovine satellite cells. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:323-331. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1496925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Da Rae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | - Ho Sung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwan Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Martins AS, Martins IC, Santos NC. Methods for Lipid Droplet Biophysical Characterization in Flaviviridae Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1951. [PMID: 30186265 PMCID: PMC6110928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles for neutral lipid storage, originated from the endoplasmic reticulum. They play an essential role in lipid metabolism and cellular homeostasis. In fact, LDs are complex organelles, involved in many more cellular processes than those initially proposed. They have been extensively studied in the context of LD-associated pathologies. In particular, LDs have emerged as critical for virus replication and assembly. Viruses from the Flaviviridae family, namely dengue virus (DENV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), interact with LDs to usurp the host lipid metabolism for their own viral replication and pathogenesis. In general, during Flaviviridae infections it is observed an increasing number of host intracellular LDs. Several viral proteins interact with LDs during different steps of the viral life cycle. The HCV core protein and DENV capsid protein, extensively interact with LDs to regulate their replication and assembly. Detailed studies of LDs in viral infections may contribute for the development of possible inhibitors of key steps of viral replication. Here, we reviewed different techniques that can be used to characterize LDs isolated from infected or non-infected cells. Microscopy studies have been commonly used to observe LDs accumulation and localization in infected cell cultures. Fluorescent dyes, which may affect LDs directly, are widely used to probe LDs but there are also approaches that do not require the use of fluorescence, namely stimulated Raman scattering, electron and atomic force microscopy-based approaches. These three are powerful techniques to characterize LDs morphology. Raman scattering microscopy allows studying LDs in a single cell. Electron and atomic force microscopies enable a better characterization of LDs in terms of structure and interaction with other organelles. Other biophysical techniques, such as dynamic light scattering and zeta potential are also excellent to characterize LDs in terms of size in a simple and fast way and test possible LDs interaction with viral proteins. These methodologies are reviewed in detail, in the context of viral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivo C Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schmölz L, Schubert M, Kirschner J, Kluge S, Galli F, Birringer M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Long-chain metabolites of vitamin E: Interference with lipotoxicity via lipid droplet associated protein PLIN2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:919-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
50
|
Johnson MR, Stephenson RA, Ghaemmaghami S, Welte MA. Developmentally regulated H2Av buffering via dynamic sequestration to lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos. eLife 2018; 7:36021. [PMID: 30044219 PMCID: PMC6089599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating nuclear histone balance is essential for survival, yet in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos many regulatory strategies employed in somatic cells are unavailable. Previous work had suggested that lipid droplets (LDs) buffer nuclear accumulation of the histone variant H2Av. Here, we elucidate the buffering mechanism and demonstrate that it is developmentally controlled. Using live imaging, we find that H2Av continuously exchanges between LDs. Our data suggest that the major driving force for H2Av accumulation in nuclei is H2Av abundance in the cytoplasm and that LD binding slows nuclear import kinetically, by limiting this cytoplasmic pool. Nuclear H2Av accumulation is indeed inversely regulated by overall buffering capacity. Histone exchange between LDs abruptly ceases during the midblastula transition, presumably to allow canonical regulatory mechanisms to take over. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the emerging role of LDs as regulators of protein homeostasis and demonstrate that LDs can control developmental progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|