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Amidfar M, Garcez ML, Kim YK. The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 36702452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An association with circadian clock function and pathophysiology of aging, major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established and has been proposed as a factor in the development of these diseases. Depression and changes in circadian rhythm have been increasingly suggested as the two primary overlapping and interpenetrating changes that occur with aging. The relationship between AD and depression in late life is not completely understood and probably is complex. Patients with major depression or AD suffer from disturbed sleep/wake cycles and altered rhythms in daily activities. Although classical monoaminergic hypotheses are traditionally proposed to explain the pathophysiology of MDD, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported a strong association between circadian rhythm and mood regulation. In addition, a large body of evidence supports an association between disruption of circadian rhythm and AD. Some clock genes are dysregulated in rodent models of depression. If aging, AD, and MDD share a common biological basis in pathophysiology, common therapeutic tools could be investigated for their prevention and treatment. Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS), for example, plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of AD and MDD and is associated with circadian clock disturbances. Thus, development of therapeutic possibilities with these NOS-related conditions is advisable. This review describes recent findings that link disrupted circadian clocks to aging, MDD, and AD and summarizes the experimental evidence that supports connections between the circadian clock and molecular pathologic factors as shared common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aging, AD, and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mi Z, Graham SH. Role of UCHL1 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101856. [PMID: 36681249 PMCID: PMC9992267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UCHL1 is a multifunctional protein expressed at high concentrations in neurons in the brain and spinal cord. UCHL1 plays important roles in regulating the level of cellular free ubiquitin and redox state as well as the degradation of select proteins. This review focuses on the potential role of UCHL1 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury and recovery. Subjects addressed in the review include 1) Normal physiological functions of UCHL1. 2) Posttranslational modification sites and splice variants that alter the function of UCHL1 and mouse models with mutations and deletions of UCHL1. 3) The hypothesized role and pathogenic mechanisms of UCHL1 in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. 4) Potential therapeutic strategies targeting UCHL1 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Mi
- Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Steven H Graham
- Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Pal I, Dey SG. The Role of Heme and Copper in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JACS AU 2023; 3:657-681. [PMID: 37006768 PMCID: PMC10052274 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the well-explored proposition of protein aggregation or amyloidosis as the central event in amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2Dm); there are alternative hypotheses, now becoming increasingly evident, which suggest that the small biomolecules like redox noninnocent metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, etc.) and cofactors (Heme) have a definite influence in the onset and extent of such degenerative maladies. Dyshomeostasis of these components remains as one of the common features in both AD and T2Dm etiology. Recent advances in this course reveal that the metal/cofactor-peptide interactions and covalent binding can alarmingly enhance and modify the toxic reactivities, oxidize vital biomolecules, significantly contribute to the oxidative stress leading to cell apoptosis, and may precede the amyloid fibrils formation by altering their native folds. This perspective highlights this aspect of amyloidogenic pathology which revolves around the impact of the metals and cofactors in the pathogenic courses of AD and T2Dm including the active site environments, altered reactivities, and the probable mechanisms involving some highly reactive intermediates as well. It also discusses some in vitro metal chelation or heme sequestration strategies which might serve as a possible remedy. These findings might open up a new paradigm in our conventional understanding of amyloidogenic diseases. Moreover, the interaction of the active sites with small molecules elucidates potential biochemical reactivities that can inspire designing of drug candidates for such pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick
Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick
Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Ramos-Riera KP, Pérez-Severiano F, López-Meraz ML. Oxidative stress: a common imbalance in diabetes and epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:767-782. [PMID: 36598703 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain requires a large amount of energy. Its function can be altered when energy demand exceeds supply or during metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, a chronic disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by high glucose levels (hyperglycemia); however, hypoglycemic states may also occur due to insulin treatment or poor control of the disease. These alterations in glucose levels affect the brain and could cause epileptic seizures and status epilepticus. In addition, it is known that oxidative stress states emerge as diabetes progresses, contributing to the development of diseases secondary to diabetes, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular alterations, and alterations in the central nervous system, such as epileptic seizures. Seizures are a complex of transient signs and symptoms resulting from abnormal, simultaneous, and excessive activity of a population of neurons, and they can be both a cause and a consequence of oxidative stress. This review aims to outline studies linking diabetes mellitus and seizures to oxidative stress, a condition that may be relevant to the development of severe seizures in diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Paola Ramos-Riera
- Doctorado de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Industrial Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez," Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, La Fama, CDMX, México
| | - María Leonor López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Industrial Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Pincemail J, Meziane S. On the Potential Role of the Antioxidant Couple Vitamin E/Selenium Taken by the Oral Route in Skin and Hair Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2270. [PMID: 36421456 PMCID: PMC9686906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and skin aging/disorders is well established. Many topical and oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) have been proposed to protect the skin against the deleterious effect induced by increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly in the context of sun exposure. In this review, we focused on the combination of vitamin E and selenium taken in supplements since both molecules act in synergy either by non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways to eliminate skin lipids peroxides, which are strongly implicated in skin and hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Pincemail
- CHU of Liège, Platform Antioxidant Nutrition and Health, Pathology Tower, 4130, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants, 54000 Nancy, France
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Song J, Liu L, Li Z, Mao T, Zhang J, Zhou L, Chen X, Shang Y, Sun T, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Tan D, Tong X, Dai F. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide improves dopamine metabolism and symptoms in an MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Med 2022; 20:412. [PMID: 36303171 PMCID: PMC9615188 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly populations, whereas there is no cure for PD so far. Novel animal models and medications await development to elucidate the aetiology of PD and attenuate the symptoms, respectively. METHODS A neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was used in the current study to establish a PD pathologic model in silkworms. The time required to complete specific behaviours was recorded. Dopamine content was detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The activity of insect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was determined using a double-antibody sandwich method. Oxidative stress was assessed by changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of oxidative products. RESULTS MPTP-treated silkworms were characterized by impaired motor ability, reduced dopamine content, and elevated oxidative stress level. The expression of TH, a dopamine biosynthetic enzyme within dopaminergic neurons in the brain, was significantly reduced, indicating that dopaminergic neurons were damaged. Moreover, MPTP-induced motility impairment and reduced dopamine level in the silkworm PD model could be rescued after feeding a combination of levodopa (L-dopa [LD]) and carbidopa (CD). MPTP-induced oxidative damage was also alleviated, in ways consistent with other PD animal models. Interestingly, administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) improved the motor ability, dopamine level, and TH activity, and the oxidative damage was concomitantly reduced in the silkworm PD model. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising animal model for elucidating the pathogenesis of PD, as well as a relevant preliminary drug screening (e.g., LBP) and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ting Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunzhu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Dailah HG. Therapeutic Potential of Small Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175542. [PMID: 36080309 PMCID: PMC9458015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing and major global health problem. COPD is also the third leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) takes place when various reactive species and free radicals swamp the availability of antioxidants. Reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their counterpart antioxidants are important for host defense and physiological signaling pathways, and the development and progression of inflammation. During the disturbance of their normal steady states, imbalances between antioxidants and oxidants might induce pathological mechanisms that can further result in many non-respiratory and respiratory diseases including COPD. ROS might be either endogenously produced in response to various infectious pathogens including fungi, viruses, or bacteria, or exogenously generated from several inhaled particulate or gaseous agents including some occupational dust, cigarette smoke (CS), and air pollutants. Therefore, targeting systemic and local OS with therapeutic agents such as small molecules that can increase endogenous antioxidants or regulate the redox/antioxidants system can be an effective approach in treating COPD. Various thiol-based antioxidants including fudosteine, erdosteine, carbocysteine, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine have the capacity to increase thiol content in the lungs. Many synthetic molecules including inhibitors/blockers of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, catalytic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase mimetics, and spin trapping agents can effectively modulate CS-induced OS and its resulting cellular alterations. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that these antioxidants have the capacity to decrease OS and affect the expressions of several pro-inflammatory genes and genes that are involved with redox and glutathione biosynthesis. In this article, we have summarized the role of OS in COPD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we have particularly focused on the therapeutic potential of numerous chemicals, particularly antioxidants in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Kishk A, Pacheco MP, Heurtaux T, Sinkkonen L, Pang J, Fritah S, Niclou SP, Sauter T. Review of Current Human Genome-Scale Metabolic Models for Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162486. [PMID: 36010563 PMCID: PMC9406599 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders represent 32% of the global disease burden, with 169 million Europeans affected. Constraint-based metabolic modelling and other approaches have been applied to predict new treatments for these and other diseases. Many recent studies focused on enhancing, among others, drug predictions by generating generic metabolic models of brain cells and on the contextualisation of the genome-scale metabolic models with expression data. Experimental flux rates were primarily used to constrain or validate the model inputs. Bi-cellular models were reconstructed to study the interaction between different cell types. This review highlights the evolution of genome-scale models for neurodegenerative diseases and glioma. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each approach and propose improvements, such as building bi-cellular models, tailoring the biomass formulations for glioma and refinement of the cerebrospinal fluid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kishk
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4364 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Cancer Research, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Cancer Research, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Correspondence:
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Singh P, Barman B, Thakur MK. Oxidative stress-mediated memory impairment during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:944697. [PMID: 35959291 PMCID: PMC9357995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.944697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by the decline of several brain functions including cognitive abilities. Progressive deleterious changes at biochemical and physiological levels lead to the generation of oxidative stress, accumulation of protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunctions, loss of synaptic connections, and ultimately neurodegeneration and cognitive decline during aging. Oxidative stress that arises due to an imbalance between the rates of production and elimination of free radicles is the key factor for age-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Due to high energy demand, the brain is more susceptible to free radicals-mediated damages as they oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby causing an imbalance in the homeostasis of the aging brain. Animal, as well as human subject studies, showed that with almost no or few side effects, dietary interventions and plant-derived bioactive compounds could be beneficial to recovering the memory or delaying the onset of memory impairment. As the plant-derived bioactive compounds have antioxidative properties, several of them were used to recover the oxidative stress-mediated changes in the aging brain. In the present article, we review different aspects of oxidative stress-mediated cognitive change during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Bhabotosh Barman
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Mahendra Kumar Thakur,
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Garcez ML, Bellettini-Santos T, Schiavo GL, Calixto KV, Mina F, Medeiros EB, Zabot GC, de Souza Pereira N, Nascimento NB, Tomaz DB, Manenti MC, Kucharska E, Rico EP, Budni J. Long-term administration of soft drink causes memory impairment and oxidative damage in adult and middle-aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111873. [PMID: 35760268 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consumption of soft drinks has increased considerably in recent decades, mainly cola soft drinks. Excessive consumption of cola-based soft drinks is associated with several diseases and cognitive decline, particularly memory impairment. Furthermore, diets with high sugar can promote insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. AIM Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cola soft drink intake on behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in 2-, 8- and 14- month-old male Wistar rats. METHODS The soft drink groups drank soft drink and/or water ad libitum during 67 days, the control groups ingested only water. Radial-arm maze and Y-maze were used to evaluate spatial memory, open-field to evaluate the habituation memory, and inhibitory avoidance to evaluate aversive memory. The behavioral tests started at the day 57 and finished at day 67 of treatment. At 68th day, the rats were killed; frontal cortex and hippocampus were dissected to the analysis of antioxidants enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); and the oxidative markers thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH) were measured in the hippocampus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The cola-based soft drink intake caused memory impairment in the radial-arm maze, Y-maze task, and open-field in the 2- and 8-month-old rat, but not in the 14-month-old. There were no difference among groups in the inhibitory avoidance test. In the frontal cortex, soft drink intake reduced CAT activity in the 8-month-old rats and SOD activity in the 8- and 14-month-old rats. In the hippocampus, the soft drink increased CAT activity in 8-month-old rats, increased DCFH levels at all ages, and increased TBARs levels in 2-month-rats. Therefore, the results show that long-term soft drink intake leads to memory impairment and oxidative stress. The younger seems to be more susceptible to the soft drink alterations on behavior; however, soft drink caused alterations in the oxidative system at all ages evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Graduate Program of Research and Extension (CEPEG), University Center of Espirito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Graduate Program of Research and Extension (CEPEG), University Center of Espirito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis Schiavo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karen Vasconcelos Calixto
- Graduate Program of Research and Extension (CEPEG), University Center of Espirito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Casagrande Zabot
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natália Baltazar Nascimento
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Borges Tomaz
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Manenti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Science, Poland
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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11
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Simicic D, Cudalbu C, Pierzchala K. Overview of oxidative stress findings in hepatic encephalopathy: From cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114795. [PMID: 35753389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a natural phenomenon in the body. Under physiological conditions intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal components of signal transduction cascades, and their levels are maintained by a complex antioxidants systems participating in the in-vivo redox homeostasis. Increased oxidative stress is present in several chronic diseases and interferes with phagocytic and nervous cell functions, causing an up-regulation of cytokines and inflammation. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurs in both acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease. Increased blood and brain ammonium has been considered as an important factor in pathogenesis of HE and has been associated with inflammation, neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The relationship between ROS and the pathophysiology of HE is still poorly understood. Therefore, sensing ROS production for a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and functional outcome in HE pathophysiology is critical for determining the disease mechanisms, as well as to improve the management of patients. This review is emphasizing the important role of oxidative stress in HE development and documents the changes occurring as a consequence of oxidative stress augmentation based on cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Pierzchala
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and female brains display subtle differences at the cellular level which may be important in driving sex-specific signaling. Sex differences in the brain have been observed in humans as well as in non-human species. However, the molecular mechanisms of brain sex differentiation remain unclear. The classical model of brain sex differentiation suggests that the steroid hormones derived from the gonads are the primary determinants in establishing male and female neural networks. Recent studies indicate that the developing brain shows sex-specific differences in gene expression prior to gonadal hormone action. Hence, genetic differences may also be responsible for differentiating the brain into male and female types. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in brain sex differentiation could help further elucidate the sex-specific incidences of certain neurological diseases. The zebrafish model could be appropriate for enhancing our understanding of brain sex differentiation and the signaling involved in neurological diseases. Zebrafish brains show sex-specific differences at the hormonal level, and recent advances in RNA sequencing have highlighted critical sex-specific differences at the transcript level. The differences are also evident at the cellular and metabolite levels, which could be important in organizing sex-specific neuronal signaling. Furthermore, in addition to having one ortholog for 70% of the human gene, zebrafish also shares brain structural similarities with other higher eukaryotes, including mammals. Hence, deciphering brain sex differentiation in zebrafish will help further enhance the diagnostic and pharmacological intervention of neurological diseases.
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Yang J, Fang L, Lu H, Liu C, Wang J, Wu D, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptide Enhances Mitophagy via JNK-Mediated PINK1 Activation to Reduce Oxidative Stress in HT-22 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2630-2642. [PMID: 35187930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy has a neuroprotective effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced neurodegenerative diseases. The walnut-derived polypeptide (TW-7) has antioxidant activity and protects nerves by promoting autophagy. However, its action mechanism against oxidative stress through mitophagy remains obscure. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of TW-7 on HT-22 cells under oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ultrastructure and cristae number were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that TW-7 (100 μM) restored the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondrial membrane potential to 0.99 ± 0.04 (P < 0.05), decreased H2O2-induced opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, and inhibited mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits. Moreover, it significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes to 186.88 ± 5.40 U/mgprot, 40.08 ± 0.87 mU/mgprot, and 23.57 ± 0.77 U/mgprot (P < 0.05), based on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) assay results, respectively. Consistently, it decreased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels by 51.71 ± 0.81 and 49.75 ± 0.69% (P < 0.05). TW-7 also downregulated C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and activated PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in H2O2-induced HT-22 cells treated with JNK activator (anisomycin) and inhibitor (SP600125). Furthermore, TW-7 inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by downregulation of the cytoplasmic cytochrome C, caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. Additionally, BDNF and SNAP-25 levels significantly increased to protect the synaptic function. Collectively, TW-7 improved oxidative stress-mediated nerve cell injury via JNK-regulated PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Chiang NN, Lin TH, Teng YS, Sun YC, Chang KH, Lin CY, Hsieh-Li HM, Su MT, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Flavones 7,8-DHF, Quercetin, and Apigenin Against Tau Toxicity via Activation of TRKB Signaling in ΔK280 Tau RD-DsRed SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:758895. [PMID: 34975454 PMCID: PMC8714935 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.758895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with memory loss and cognitive decline. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein are one of the pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) is a molecular chaperone that promotes the correct folding of other proteins in response to environmental stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2), a redox-regulated transcription factor, is the master regulator of the cellular response to excess reactive oxygen species. Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB) is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon binding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylates itself to initiate downstream signaling for neuronal survival and axonal growth. In this study, four natural flavones such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), wogonin, quercetin, and apigenin were evaluated for Tau aggregation inhibitory activity and neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Among the tested flavones, 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin reduced Tau aggregation, oxidative stress, and caspase-1 activity as well as improved neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. Treatments with 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin rescued the reduced HSPB1 and NRF2 and activated TRKB-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling to upregulate cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and its downstream antiapoptotic BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2). Knockdown of TRKB attenuated the neuroprotective effects of these three flavones. Our results suggest 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin targeting HSPB1, NRF2, and TRKB to reduce Tau aggregation and protect cells against Tau neurotoxicity and may provide new treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Teng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Elesawy BH, Alsanie WF, Algahtany MA, Al-Ashkhari JM, Alyarobi AK, Sakr HF. Whole and refined grains change behavior and reduce brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 in rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13867. [PMID: 34278588 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In most of the world, wheat is one of the main staple foods, and is also widely used in livestock feed. In the current study, we investigated the effects of wheat grain consumption on the rat behavior and neurogenesis markers. Thirty male rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 was the control group fed with chow diet (Carbohydrates 63%, fat 13% and protein 24%), the Group 2 rats were fed with whole grains and the Group 3 rats were fed with refined grains. After 12 weeks, we measured the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, we evaluated the rat behavior by forced swimming test (FST) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Additionally, we measured serum level of glucose, lipid profile, insulin and cortisol. Weight gain at the end of the study was measured in each group. The rats on a diet of whole and refined grains had low BDNF, NT-3, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin significantly (p < .01) in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex as compared to control rats. Moreover, the MDA increased significantly with significant reduction in GSH versus the control rats. Moreover, in response to grain consumption, the performance in FST showed a significant (p < .01) shortage in the latency of the attempts to escape as well as a significant prolongation (p < .01) in behavioral immobility as compared to control rats with significant (p < .05) prolongation in time spent in closed arm in EPM. An exclusive diet of either whole or refined grain in a rat model induced anxiety and depressive behaviors and negatively affected the BDNF and NT-3 and modulated the level of the neurotransmitters with significant shift in their behavior. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Grains are considered the major caloric source all over the world that may predispose to the development of chronic diseases. In this research, we evaluated the role of grains in modulating the rate of production of neurogenic factors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem H Elesawy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Ali Algahtany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher M Al-Ashkhari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aya K Alyarobi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hussein F Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Fuentes-Lemus E, Mariotti M, Hägglund P, Leinisch F, Fierro A, Silva E, Davies MJ, López-Alarcón C. Oxidation of lysozyme induced by peroxyl radicals involves amino acid modifications, loss of activity, and formation of specific crosslinks. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:258-270. [PMID: 33731307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work examined the oxidation and crosslinking of the anti-bacterial enzyme lysozyme (Lyso), which is present in multiple biological fluids, and released from the cytoplasmic granules of macrophages and neutrophils at sites of infection and inflammation. It is therefore widely exposed to oxidants including peroxyl radicals (ROO•). We hypothesized that exposure to ROO• would generate specific modifications and inter- and intra-protein crosslinks via radical-radical reactions. Lyso was incubated with AAPH (2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride) as a ROO• source. Enzymatic activity was assessed, while oxidative modifications were detected and quantified using electrophoresis and liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence or mass detection (MS). Computational models of AAPH-Lyso interactions were developed. Exposure of Lyso to AAPH (10 and 100 mM for 3 h, and 20 mM for 1 h), at 37 °C, decreased enzymatic activity. 20 mM AAPH showed the highest efficiency of Lyso inactivation (1.78 mol of Lyso inactivated per ROO•). Conversion of Met to its sulfoxide, and to a lesser extent, Tyr oxidation to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and diTyr, were detected by UPLC-MS. Extensive transformation of Trp, involving short chain reactions, to kynurenine, oxindole, hydroxytryptophan, hydroperoxides or di-alcohols, and N-formyl-kynurenine was detected, with Trp62, Trp63 and Trp108 the most affected residues. Interactions of AAPH inside the negatively-charged catalytic pocket of Lyso, with Trp108, Asp52, and Glu35, suggest that Trp108 oxidation mediates, at least partly, Lyso inactivation. Crosslinks between Tyr20-Tyr23 (intra-molecular), and Trp62-Tyr23 (inter-molecular), were detected with both proximity (Tyr20-Tyr23), and chain flexibility (Trp62) appearing to favor the formation of covalent crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Mariotti
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Leinisch
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(,) Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Silva
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Davies
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Ramli NZ, Yahaya MF, Tooyama I, Damanhuri HA. A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1019. [PMID: 33092139 PMCID: PMC7588884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zuliani Ramli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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18
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Ceruloplasmin oxidized and deamidated by Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid induces epithelial cells proliferation arrest and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15507. [PMID: 32968118 PMCID: PMC7511351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) is oxidized and deamidated by the pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) environment. These modifications promote the gain of integrin binding properties, fostered by the deamidation of two NGR-motifs present in the Cp sequence that convert into the isoDGR-motif. Through isoDGR/integrin binding, the oxidized/deamidated-Cp (Cp-ox/de) mediates cell adhesion and transduces an intracellular signal in epithelial cells that seems to be addressed to regulate cell cycle, proliferation and cytoskeletal re-arrangement. However, the effect fostered on cells by integrins engagement via Cp-ox/de is not known. We found that in HaCaT epithelial cells, the incubation with Cp-ox/de resulted in proliferation inhibition mediated by isoDGR, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Similar proliferation inhibition was induced by treatment with purified Cp previously incubated in the CSF from Parkinson's disease patients, but not by Cp incubated in the CSF from healthy subjects. In human primary choroid plexus epithelial cells, a possible in vivo target of Cp-ox/de generated in pathological CSFs, we found that Cp-ox/de mediated cell adhesion via isoDGR/integrins binding and transduced an intracellular signal, which resulted in cell proliferation inhibition. Thus, the generation of Cp-ox/de in pathological CSFs and the consequent apoptosis induction of epithelial cells facing the liquor, might represent a novel mechanism that contributes to neurodegeneration.
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19
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Mathimaran A, Kumar A, Prajapati G, Ampapathi RS, Bora HK, Guha R. Partially saturated canthaxanthin alleviates aging-associated oxidative stress in D-galactose administered male wistar rats. Biogerontology 2020; 22:19-34. [PMID: 32926226 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been earlier reported that partially saturated canthaxanthin (PSC) from Aspergillus carbonarius mutant is non-toxic, has anti-lipid peroxidation activity and can induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, the antiaging effect of PSC was explored in D-galactose administered male wistar rats. 8-10 weeks old, male wistar rats were randomly divided into (i) Vehicle Control Group (VCG), (ii) Aged Control Group (ACG), (iii) Aged + α Lipoic Acid Group (ALG) and (iv) Aged + Partially saturated canthaxanthin Group (APG). Rats received D-galactose (300 mg /kg bwt/day; i.p.) alone (ACG) or together with PSC (APG) (20 mg/kg bwt/day; oral) and α Lipoic Acid (ALG) (80 mg/kg bwt/day; oral) for 10 weeks. Rats in VCG were injected with the same volume of physiological saline (i.p.) and fed with olive oil (vehicle). In vitro protein oxidation and DNA oxidation inhibition, in vivo malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were determined. In addition, brain neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin were estimated by NMR. PSC treatment showed inhibition against protein and DNA oxidation. PSC effectively improved D-galactose induced aging rats by inducing a protective effect through up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and brain neurotransmitters and downregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and monoamineoxidase (MAO) levels. Thus, PSC appears to be a functional compound having antioxidant and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahila Mathimaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anbarasu Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gurudayal Prajapati
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi S Ampapathi
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himangsu K Bora
- Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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20
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Teissier T, Boulanger E, Deramecourt V. Normal ageing of the brain: Histological and biological aspects. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:649-660. [PMID: 32418702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
All the hallmarks of ageing are observed in the brain, and its cells, especially neurons, are characterized by their remarkably long lifetime. Like any organ or system, the brain is exposed to ageing processes which affect molecules, cells, blood vessels, gross morphology and, uniquely for this organ, cognition. The preponderant cerebral structures are characterized by the cellular processes of neurons and glial cells and while the quantity of cerebral interstitial fluid is limited, it is now recognized as playing a crucial role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Most of our current knowledge of the ageing brain derives from studies of neurodegenerative disorders. It is interesting to note that common features of these disorders, like Tau, phosphoTau and amyloid peptide accumulation, can begin relatively early in life as a result of physiological ageing and are present in subclinical cases while also being used as early-stage markers of neurodegenerative diseases in progression. In this article, we review tissue and cellular modifications in the ageing brain. Commonly described macroscopic, microscopic and vascular changes that in the ageing brain are contrasted with those seen in neurodegenerative contexts. We also review the molecular changes that occur with age in the brain, such as modifications in gene expression, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling dysfunction, post-translational protein modifications, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and calcium conductance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teissier
- Inserm, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, équipe « de l'inflammation au vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - E Boulanger
- Inserm, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, équipe « de l'inflammation au vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de gérontologie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - V Deramecourt
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172 « Alzheimer et Tauopathies », centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche, Labex DISTALZ, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de neurologie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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22
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Bai R, Luo S, Luo L, Zhao J, Zhang S, Li L, Cui Y. Novel flavan-3-ol-glutathione conjugates from the degradation of proanthocyanidins as highly bioactive antioxidants. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, preparation and antioxidant capacity evaluation of flavan-3-ol-glutathione conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Siqi Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Lanxin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Lingxi Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- 110016, Shenyang
- China
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Figueroa JD, Zárate AM, Fuentes-Lemus E, Davies MJ, López-Alarcón C. Formation and characterization of crosslinks, including Tyr–Trp species, on one electron oxidation of free Tyr and Trp residues by carbonate radical anion. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25786-25800. [PMID: 35518626 PMCID: PMC9055361 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dityrosine and ditryptophan bonds have been implied in protein crosslinking. This is associated with oxidative stress conditions including those involved in neurodegenerative pathologies and age-related processes. Formation of dityrosine and ditryptophan derives from radical–radical reactions involving Tyr˙ and Trp˙ radicals. However, cross reactions of Tyr˙ and Trp˙ leading to Tyr–Trp crosslinks and their biological consequences have been less explored. In the present work we hypothesized that exposure of free Tyr and Trp to a high concentration of carbonate anion radicals (CO3˙−), under anaerobic conditions, would result in the formation of Tyr–Trp species, as well as dityrosine and ditryptophan crosslinks. Here we report a simple experimental procedure, employing CO3˙− generated photochemically by illumination of a Co(iii) complex at 254 nm, that produces micromolar concentrations of Tyr–Trp crosslinks. Analysis by mass spectrometry of solutions containing only the individual amino acids, and the Co(iii) complex, provided evidence for the formation of o,o′-dityrosine and isodityrosine from Tyr, and three ditryptophan dimers from Trp. When mixtures of Tyr and Trp were illuminated in an identical manner, Tyr–Trp crosslinks were detected together with dityrosine and ditryptophan dimers. These results indicate that there is a balance between the formation of these three classes of crosslinks, which is dependent on the Tyr and Trp concentrations. The methods reported here allow the generation of significant yields of isolated Tyr–Trp adducts and their characterization. This technology should facilitate the detection, and examination of the biological consequences of Tyr–Trp crosslink formation in complex systems in future investigations. Exposure of free Tyr and Trp to a high concentration of carbonate anion radicals (CO3˙−), under anaerobic conditions, result in the formation of Tyr–Trp species, as well as dityrosine and ditryptophan crosslinks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Figueroa
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia
- Departamento de Química Física
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Ana María Zárate
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia
- Departamento de Química Física
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia
- Departamento de Química Física
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Michael J. Davies
- University of Copenhagen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia
- Departamento de Química Física
- Santiago
- Chile
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Photo-induced protein oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and medical applications. Essays Biochem 2019; 64:33-44. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Irradiation from the sun has played a crucial role in the origin and evolution of life on the earth. Due to the presence of ozone in the stratosphere most of the hazardous irradiation is absorbed, nonetheless UVB, UVA, and visible light reach the earth’s surface. The high abundance of proteins in most living organisms, and the presence of chromophores in the side chains of certain amino acids, explain why these macromolecules are principal targets when biological systems are illuminated. Light absorption triggers the formation of excited species that can initiate photo-modification of proteins. The major pathways involve modifications derived from direct irradiation and photo-sensitized reactions. In this review we explored the basic concepts behind these photochemical pathways, with special emphasis on the photosensitized mechanisms (type 1 and type 2) leading to protein oxidation, and how this affects protein structure and functions. Finally, a description of the photochemical reactions involved in some human diseases, and medical applications of protein oxidation are presented.
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Abstract
Redox proteomics is a field of proteomics that is concerned with the characterization of the oxidation state of proteins to gain information about their modulated structure, function, activity, and involvement in different physiological pathways. Oxidative modifications of proteins have been shown to be implicated in normal physiological processes of cells as well as in pathomechanisms leading to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and some rare hereditary metabolic diseases, like classic galactosemia. Reactive oxygen species generate a variety of reversible and irreversible modifications in amino acid residue side chains and within the protein backbone. These oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) can participate in the activation of signal transduction pathways and mediate the toxicity of harmful oxidants. Thus the application of advanced redox proteomics technologies is important for gaining insights into molecular mechanisms of diseases. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is one of the most powerful methods that can be used to give detailed qualitative and quantitative information on protein modifications and allows us to characterize redox proteomes associated with diseases. This Review illustrates the role and biological consequences of Ox-PTMs under basal and oxidative stress conditions by focusing on protein carbonylation and S-glutathionylation, two abundant modifications with an impact on cellular pathways that have been intensively studied during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Mannaa
- Borg AlArab Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology , New Borg AlArab City , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty , University of Cologne , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
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Pareek V, Nath B, Roy PK. Role of Neuroimaging Modality in the Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Brain: A Comprehensive Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:372-381. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190507102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective:Oxidative stress (OS) is the secondary source of an injury in consequence to the earlier caused primary injury; it is the condition of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants within the physiological system. OS causes alterations in proteins and DNA structure, leading to inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and tissue damage. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Glioma-induced neurodegeneration and the normal aging-related neuro-degeneration are primarily associated with the increased OS. The present review article is committed to delivering a comprehensive overview of the current neuroimaging modalities which estimates an indirect correlate of OS in the brain. OS-induced changes in white matter tracts and the gray matter volumes are reviewed assessing the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) respectively. Further, the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the OS-induced alterations of chemical moieties, and thus the resultant structural implications in the neurological disorders are also briefly as well as precisely reviewed.Conclusions:In the present review article we present an overview of the role of neuroimaging modalities in the diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment during treatment of the OS induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pareek
- National Neuroimaging Facility, Computational Neuroscience & Neuroimaging Department, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Banshi Nath
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec QC, Canada
| | - Prasun K. Roy
- Computational Neuroscience & Neuro-Imaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 122005, India
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27
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Abidar S, Yildiz O, Degirmenci A, Amakran A, El Maadoudi M, Nhiri M. Glucose-mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13009. [PMID: 31393019 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia presents the major etiology of diabetes mellitus and related complications mainly Alzheimer's disease, via the protein glycation and toxic products generated. In the current study, we investigated the eventual protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CsME) against glucose-mediated glycation in serum bovine albumin. The multi-stage glycation markers, namely fructosamines and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels were monitored along with measurement of thiol groups; moreover, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential was carried out. HPLC was also assessed. Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in CsME. CsME showed a good capacity to inhibit AGEs, fructosamines and protected thiol groups against glycation. CsME exhibited a great AChE inhibition activity. In the present study, CsME prevented glucose-induced protein glycation, it also exhibited a good inhibition of AChE, suggesting its DM complications such as memory troubles related to AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Neurodegenerative disorders ranging from memory troubles to Alzheimer's disease present the most diabetes mellitus complications and mainly attributed to protein glycation process. Currently, there is a strong trend to search for efficient natural sources of glycation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to replace the synthetic ones, whose secondary effects were shown. The present article tries to justify scientifically the wide use of Ceratonia siliqua L. in Moroccan folk medicine, demonstrating that the methanolic extract of leaves from this species presents a promising source of new natural compounds inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and acting in vitro against glycation generated compounds. Furthermore, for the first time, Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in this extract, these encouraging results should be coupled with further studies to integrate it in pharmaceutical formulations. As such, this paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in Biochemistry, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abidar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
| | - Oktay Yildiz
- Maçka VHS, Department of Food Processing, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Atiye Degirmenci
- Maçka VHS, Department of Food Processing, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Amina Amakran
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Maadoudi
- Laboratoire Régional d'Analyses et de Recherches de l'ONSSA (office national de sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires), Tanger, Maroc
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
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28
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Nucleus–cytoplasm cross‐talk in the aging brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:247-261. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Trigo D, Nadais A, da Cruz e Silva OA. Unravelling protein aggregation as an ageing related process or a neuropathological response. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:67-77. [PMID: 30763619 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is normally associated with amyloidosis, namely motor neurone, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or prion diseases. However, recent results have unveiled a concept of gradual increase of protein aggregation associated with the ageing process, apparently not necessarily associated with pathological conditions. Given that protein aggregation is sufficient to activate stress-response and inflammation, impairing protein synthesis and quality control mechanisms, the former is assumed to negatively affect cellular metabolism and behaviour. In this review the state of the art in protein aggregation research is discussed, namely the relationship between pathology and proteostasis. The role of pathology and ageing in overriding protein quality-control mechanisms, and consequently, the effect of these faulty cellular processes on pathological and healthy ageing, are also addressed.
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30
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Biochemical deficits and cognitive decline in brain aging: Intervention by dietary supplements. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Abstract
By 2050, the aging population is predicted to expand by over 100%. Considering this rapid growth, and the additional strain it will place on healthcare resources because of age-related impairments, it is vital that researchers gain a deeper understanding of the cellular interactions that occur with normal aging. A variety of mammalian cell types have been shown to become compromised with age, each with a unique potential to contribute to disease formation in the aging body. Astrocytes represent the largest group of glial cells and are responsible for a variety of essential functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Like other cell types, aging can cause a loss of normal function in astrocytes which reduces their ability to properly maintain a healthy CNS environment, negatively alters their interactions with neighboring cells, and contribute to the heightened inflammatory state characteristic of aging. The goal of this review article is to consolidate the knowledge and research to date regarding the role of astrocytes in aging. In specific, this review article will focus on the morphology and molecular profile of aged astrocytes, the consequence of astrocyte dysfunction on homeostatic functions during aging, and the role of astrocytes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Palmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shalina S Ousman
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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32
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Tramutola A, Triani F, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Cai J, Klein JB, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Poly-ubiquitin profile in Alzheimer disease brain. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:129-141. [PMID: 30003951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory, reasoning and other cognitive functions. Pathologically, patients with AD are characterized by deposition of senile plaques (SPs), formed by β-amyloid (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs) that consist of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates in AD brain can be associated with an impairment of degradative systems. This current study investigated if the disturbance of protein polyubiquitination is associated with AD neurodegeneration. By using a novel proteomic approach, we found that 13 brain proteins are increasingly polyubiquitinated in AD human brain compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, the majority of the identified proteins were previously found to be oxidized in our prior proteomics, and these proteins are mainly involved in protein quality control and glucose metabolism. This is the first study showing alteration of the poly-ubiquitin profile in AD brain compared with healthy controls. Understanding the onset of the altered ubiquitin profile in AD brain may contribute to identification of key molecular regulators of cognitive decline. In AD, deficits of the proteolytic system may further exacerbate the accumulation of oxidized/misfolded/polyubiquitinated proteins that are not efficiently degraded and may become harmful to neurons and contribute to AD neuropathology and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Triani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jon B Klein
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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33
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Garaschuk O, Semchyshyn HM, Lushchak VI. Healthy brain aging: Interplay between reactive species, inflammation and energy supply. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 43:26-45. [PMID: 29452266 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brains' high energy expenditure with preferable utilization of glucose and ketone bodies, defines the specific features of its energy homeostasis. The extensive oxidative metabolism is accompanied by a concomitant generation of high amounts of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species, which will be here collectively referred to as RONCS. Such metabolism in combination with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids creates specific problems in maintaining brains' redox homeostasis. While the levels of products of interaction between RONCS and cellular components increase slowly during the first two trimesters of individuals' life, their increase is substantially accelerated towards the end of life. Here we review the main mechanisms controlling the redox homeostasis of the mammalian brain, their age-dependencies as well as their adaptive potential, which might turn out to be much higher than initially assumed. According to recent data, the organism seems to respond to the enhancement of aging-related toxicity by forming a new homeostatic set point. Therefore, further research will focus on understanding the properties of the new set point(s), the general nature of this phenomenon and will explore the limits of brains' adaptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - H M Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - V I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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34
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Press M, Jung T, König J, Grune T, Höhn A. Protein aggregates and proteostasis in aging: Amylin and β-cell function. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:46-54. [PMID: 29580826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasomal-system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal-system (ALS) are both highly susceptible for disturbances leading to the accumulation of cellular damage. A decline of protein degradation during aging results in the formation of oxidatively damaged and aggregated proteins finally resulting in failure of cellular functionality. Besides protein aggregation in response to oxidative damage, amyloids are a different type of protein aggregates able to distract proteostasis and interfere with cellular functionality. Amyloids are clearly linked to the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Human amylin is one of the peptides forming fibrils in β-sheet conformation finally leading to amyloid formation. In contrast to rodent amylin, human amylin is prone to form amyloidogenic aggregates, proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes by impairing β-cell functionality. Since aggregates such as lipofuscin and β-amyloid are known to impair proteostasis, it is likely to assume similar effects for human amylin. In this review, we focus on the effects of IAPP on UPS and ALS and their role in amylin degradation, since both systems play a crucial role in maintaining proteome balance thereby influencing, at least in part, cellular fate and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Press
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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35
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Hood S, Amir S. Neurodegeneration and the Circadian Clock. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:170. [PMID: 28611660 PMCID: PMC5447688 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite varied etiologies and symptoms, several neurodegenerative diseases—specifically, Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and Huntington’s diseases (HDs)—share the common feature of abnormal circadian rhythms, such as those in behavior (e.g., disrupted sleep/wake cycles), physiological processes (e.g., diminished hormone release) and biochemical activities (e.g., antioxidant production). Circadian disturbances are among the earliest symptoms of these diseases, and the molecular mechanisms of the circadian system are suspected to play a pivotal, and possibly causal, role in their natural histories. Here, we review the common circadian abnormalities observed in ADs, PDs and HDs, and summarize the evidence that the molecular circadian clockwork directly influences the course of these disease states. On the basis of this research, we explore several circadian-oriented interventions proposed as treatments for these neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hood
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's UniversitySherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Shimon Amir
- Department of Psychology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
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36
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Mock JT, Chaudhari K, Sidhu A, Sumien N. The influence of vitamins E and C and exercise on brain aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:69-72. [PMID: 27939444 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in motor and cognitive function have been associated with increases in oxidative stress. Accordingly, interventions capable of reducing the oxidative burden would be capable of preventing or reducing functional declines occurring during aging. Popular interventions such as antioxidant intake and moderate exercise are often recommended to attain healthy aging and have the capacity to alter redox burden. This review is intended to summarize the outcomes of antioxidant supplementation (more specifically of vitamins C and E) and exercise training on motor and cognitive declines during aging, and on measures of oxidative stress. Additionally, we will address whether co-implementation of these two types of interventions can potentially further their individual benefits. Together, these studies highlight the importance of using translationally-relevant parameters for interventions and to study their combined outcomes on healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Mock
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Akram Sidhu
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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37
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Fainstein N, Dori D, Frid K, Fritz AT, Shapiro I, Gabizon R, Ben-Hur T. Chronic Progressive Neurodegeneration in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Prion Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:510. [PMID: 27891071 PMCID: PMC5104746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present pathologically with progressive structural destruction of neurons and accumulation of mis-folded proteins specific for each condition leading to brain atrophy and functional disability. Many animal models exert deposition of pathogenic proteins without an accompanying neurodegeneration pattern. The lack of a comprehensive model hinders efforts to develop treatment. We performed longitudinal quantification of cellular, neuronal and synaptic density, as well as of neurogenesis in brains of mice mimicking for genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease as compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Mice exhibited a neurodegenerative process of progressive reduction in cortical neurons and synapses starting at age of 4-6 months, in accord with neurologic disability. This was accompanied by significant decrease in subventricular/subependymal zone neurogenesis. Although increased hippocampal neurogenesis was detected in mice, a neurodegenerative process of CA1 and CA3 regions associated with impaired hippocampal-dependent memory function was observed. In conclusion, mice exhibit pathological neurodegeneration concomitant with neurological disease progression, indicating these mice can serve as a model for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexa T Fritz
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilona Shapiro
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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Zhang H, Puleston DJ, Simon AK. Autophagy and Immune Senescence. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:671-686. [PMID: 27395769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With extension of the average lifespan, aging has become a heavy burden in society. Immune senescence is a key risk factor for many age-related diseases such as cancer and increased infections in the elderly, and hence has elicited much attention in recent years. As our body's guardian, the immune system maintains systemic health through removal of pathogens and damage. Autophagy is an important cellular 'clearance' process by which a cell internally delivers damaged organelles and macromolecules to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we discuss the most current knowledge of how impaired autophagy can lead to cellular and immune senescence. We also provide an overview, with examples, of the clinical potential of exploiting autophagy to delay immune senescence and/or rejuvenate immunity to treat various age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Daniel J Puleston
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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Lemon JA, Aksenov V, Samigullina R, Aksenov S, Rodgers WH, Rollo CD, Boreham DR. A multi-ingredient dietary supplement abolishes large-scale brain cell loss, improves sensory function, and prevents neuronal atrophy in aging mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:382-404. [PMID: 27199101 DOI: 10.1002/em.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic growth hormone mice (TGM) are a recognized model of accelerated aging with characteristics including chronic oxidative stress, reduced longevity, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, muscle wasting, and elevated inflammatory processes. Growth hormone/IGF-1 activate the Target of Rapamycin known to promote aging. TGM particularly express severe cognitive decline. We previously reported that a multi-ingredient dietary supplement (MDS) designed to offset five mechanisms associated with aging extended longevity, ameliorated cognitive deterioration and significantly reduced age-related physical deterioration in both normal mice and TGM. Here we report that TGM lose more than 50% of cells in midbrain regions, including the cerebellum and olfactory bulb. This is comparable to severe Alzheimer's disease and likely explains their striking age-related cognitive impairment. We also demonstrate that the MDS completely abrogates this severe brain cell loss, reverses cognitive decline and augments sensory and motor function in aged mice. Additionally, histological examination of retinal structure revealed markers consistent with higher numbers of photoreceptor cells in aging and supplemented mice. We know of no other treatment with such efficacy, highlighting the potential for prevention or amelioration of human neuropathologies that are similarly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular dysfunction. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:382-404, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lemon
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - V Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - R Samigullina
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - S Aksenov
- Department of Pathology, New York-Presbyterian/Queens Hospital, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, New York, 11355
| | - W H Rodgers
- Department of Pathology, New York-Presbyterian/Queens Hospital, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, New York, 11355
| | - C D Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - D R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury ON, Canada, P3E 2C6
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Akbar M, Essa MM, Daradkeh G, Abdelmegeed MA, Choi Y, Mahmood L, Song BJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neurodegenerative diseases through nitroxidative stress. Brain Res 2016; 1637:34-55. [PMID: 26883165 PMCID: PMC4821765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important for providing cellular energy ATP through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. They are also critical in regulating many cellular functions including the fatty acid oxidation, the metabolism of glutamate and urea, the anti-oxidant defense, and the apoptosis pathway. Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species leaked from the electron transport chain while they are susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury. In fact, impaired mitochondrial function is commonly observed in many types of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, alcoholic dementia, brain ischemia-reperfusion related injury, and others, although many of these neurological disorders have unique etiological factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction under many pathological conditions is likely to be promoted by increased nitroxidative stress, which can stimulate post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins and/or oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and lipids. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that various antioxidants, including naturally occurring flavonoids and polyphenols as well as synthetic compounds, can block the formation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species, and thus ultimately prevent the PTMs of many proteins with improved disease conditions. Therefore, the present review is aimed to describe the recent research developments in the molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue injury in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss translational research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Ghazi Daradkeh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
Proteins are major targets for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems due to their abundance and high rate constants for reaction. With highly reactive radicals damage occurs at multiple side-chain and backbone sites. Less reactive species show greater selectivity with regard to the residues targeted and their spatial location. Modification can result in increased side-chain hydrophilicity, side-chain and backbone fragmentation, aggregation via covalent cross-linking or hydrophobic interactions, protein unfolding and altered conformation, altered interactions with biological partners and modified turnover. In the presence of O2, high yields of peroxyl radicals and peroxides (protein peroxidation) are formed; the latter account for up to 70% of the initial oxidant flux. Protein peroxides can oxidize both proteins and other targets. One-electron reduction results in additional radicals and chain reactions with alcohols and carbonyls as major products; the latter are commonly used markers of protein damage. Direct oxidation of cysteine (and less commonly) methionine residues is a major reaction; this is typically faster than with H2O2, and results in altered protein activity and function. Unlike H2O2, which is rapidly removed by protective enzymes, protein peroxides are only slowly removed, and catabolism is a major fate. Although turnover of modified proteins by proteasomal and lysosomal enzymes, and other proteases (e.g. mitochondrial Lon), can be efficient, protein hydroperoxides inhibit these pathways and this may contribute to the accumulation of modified proteins in cells. Available evidence supports an association between protein oxidation and multiple human pathologies, but whether this link is causal remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Gajewska A, Skolimowski J, Szewczyk R, Bartosz G. Nitroxides protect against peroxynitrite-induced nitration and oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1165-75. [PMID: 26546694 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides are promising compounds for prevention of undesired protein modifications. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of 11 nitroxides, derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide (TEMPO) and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpirrolidine-1-oxyl (PROXYL) in prevention of nitration and oxidation of model compounds and human serum albumin (HSA). Most nitroxides were very efficient in preventing loss of fluorescein fluorescence induced by peroxynitrite (PN) (IC50 in the nanomolar range) and preventing HSA nitration. The loss of fluorescein fluorescence was demonstrated to be due to nitration. Nitroxides were more effective in prevention nitration than oxidation reactions. They showed a concentration window for preventing dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 oxidation but exerted a prooxidant effect at both high and low concentrations. No prooxidant effect of nitroxides was seen in prevention of DHR123 oxidation induced by SIN-1. In all essays hydrophobic nitroxides (especially 4-nonylamido-TEMPO and 3-carbamolyl-dehydroPROXYL) showed the lowest efficiency. An exception was the prevention of thiol group oxidation by PN and SIN-1 where hydrophobic nitroxides were the most effective, apparently due to binding to the protein. Nitroxides showed low toxicity to MCF-7 cells. Most nitroxides, except for the most hydrophobic ones, protected cells from the cytotoxic action of SIN-1 and SIN-1-induced protein nitration. These results point to potential usefulness of nitroxides for prevention of PN-induced oxidation and, especially, nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Skolimowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Abstract
Maintaining cellular redox status to allow cell signalling to occur requires modulation of both the controlled production of oxidants and the thiol-reducing networks to allow specific regulatory post-translational modification of protein thiols. The oxidative stress hypothesis captured the concept that overproduction of oxidants can be proteotoxic, but failed to predict the recent finding that hyperactivation of the KEAP1-NRF2 system also leads to proteotoxicity. Furthermore, sustained activation of thiol redox networks by KEAP1-NRF2 induces a reductive stress, by decreasing the lifetime of necessary oxidative post-translational modifications required for normal metabolism or cell signalling. In this context, it is now becoming clear why antioxidants or hyperactivation of antioxidant pathways with electrophilic therapeutics can be deleterious. Furthermore, it suggests that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway is particularly important in protecting the cell against redox-stress-induced proteotoxicity, since it can degrade redox-damaged proteins without causing aberrant changes to the redox network needed for metabolism or signalling. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) how NRF2-mediated redox signalling, or (ii) the autophagy-mediated antioxidant/reductant pathways sense cellular damage in the context of cellular pathogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the modification of protein thiols plays an important role in the regulation of both the KEAP1-NRF2 and autophagy pathways. In the present review, we discuss evidence demonstrating that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and autophagy act in concert to combat the deleterious effects of proteotoxicity. These findings are discussed with a special emphasis on their impact on cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration.
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Barbariga M, Curnis F, Andolfo A, Zanardi A, Lazzaro M, Conti A, Magnani G, Volontè MA, Ferrari L, Comi G, Corti A, Alessio M. Ceruloplasmin functional changes in Parkinson's disease-cerebrospinal fluid. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:59. [PMID: 26537957 PMCID: PMC4634150 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceruloplasmin, a ferroxidase present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plays a role in iron homeostasis protecting tissues from oxidative damage. Its reduced enzymatic activity was reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD) contributing to the pathological iron accumulation. We previously showed that ceruloplasmin is modified by oxidation in vivo, and, in addition, in vitro by deamidation of specific NGR-motifs that foster the gain of integrin-binding function. Here we investigated whether the loss of ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity in the CSF of PD patients was accompanied by NGR-motifs deamidation and gain of function. Results We have found that endogenous ceruloplasmin in the CSF of PD patients showed structural changes, deamidation of the 962NGR-motif which is usually hidden within the ceruloplasmin structure, and the gain of integrin-binding function. These effects occur owing to the presence of abnormal levels of hydrogen peroxide we detected in the CSF of PD patients. Interestingly, the pathological CSF's environment of PD patients promoted the same modifications in the exogenously added ceruloplasmin, which in turn resulted in loss of ferroxidase-activity and acquisition of integrin-binding properties. Conclusions We show that in pathological oxidative environment of PD-CSF the endogenous ceruloplasmin, in addition to loss-of-ferroxidase function, is modified as to gain integrin-binding function. These findings, beside the known role of ceruloplasmin in iron homeostasis, might have important pathogenic implications due to the potential triggering of signals mediated by the unusual integrin binding in cells of central nervous system. Furthermore, there are pharmacological implications because, based on data obtained in murine models, the administration of ceruloplasmin has been proposed as potential therapeutic treatment of PD, however, the observed CSF's pro-oxidant properties raise the possibility that in human the ceruloplasmin-based therapeutic approach might not be efficacious. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0055-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barbariga
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Present address: Translational Neurology group, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, BMC A10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMiFa-Protein Microsequencing Facility, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alan Zanardi
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lazzaro
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Conti
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Magnani
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Volontè
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Ferrari
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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45
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Triplett JC, Tramutola A, Swomley A, Kirk J, Grimes K, Lewis K, Orr M, Rodriguez K, Cai J, Klein JB, Perluigi M, Buffenstein R, Butterfield DA. Age-related changes in the proteostasis network in the brain of the naked mole-rat: Implications promoting healthy longevity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1852:2213-24. [PMID: 26248058 PMCID: PMC4845741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent and possesses several exceptional traits: marked cancer resistance, negligible senescence, prolonged genomic integrity, pronounced proteostasis, and a sustained health span. The underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to these extraordinary attributes are currently under investigation to gain insights that may conceivably promote and extend human health span and lifespan. The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems play a vital role in eliminating cellular detritus to maintain proteostasis and have been previously shown to be more robust in NMRs when compared with shorter-lived rodents. Using a 2-D PAGE proteomics approach, differential expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in proteostasis networks were evaluated in the brains of NMRs in an age-dependent manner. We identified 9 proteins with significantly altered levels and/or phosphorylation states that have key roles involved in proteostasis networks. To further investigate the possible role that autophagy may play in maintaining cellular proteostasis, we examined aspects of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis as well as levels of Beclin-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II in the brain of the NMR as a function of age. Together, these results show that NMRs maintain high levels of autophagy throughout the majority of their lifespan and may contribute to the extraordinary health span of these rodents. The potential of augmenting human health span via activating the proteostasis network will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy C Triplett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aaron Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Jessime Kirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Kelly Grimes
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Kaitilyn Lewis
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Miranda Orr
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Karl Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jon B Klein
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States.
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
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46
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Conti A, Alessio M. Comparative Proteomics for the Evaluation of Protein Expression and Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 121:117-52. [PMID: 26315764 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Together with hypothesis-driven approaches, high-throughput differential proteomic analysis performed primarily not only in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum but also on protein content of other tissues (blood cells, muscles, peripheral nerves, etc.) has been used in the last years to investigate neurodegenerative diseases. Even if the goal for these analyses was mainly the discovery of neurodegenerative disorders biomarkers, the characterization of specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and the differential protein expression resulted in being very informative to better define the pathological mechanisms. In this chapter are presented and discussed the positive aspects and challenges of the outcomes of some of our investigations on neurological and neurodegenerative disease, in order to highlight the important role of protein PTMs studies in proteomics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Conti
- Proteome Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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47
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Lippolis R, Siciliano RA, Pacelli C, Ferretta A, Mazzeo MF, Scacco S, Papa F, Gaballo A, Dell'Aquila C, De Mari M, Papa S, Cocco T. Altered protein expression pattern in skin fibroblasts from parkin-mutant early-onset Parkinson's disease patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1960-70. [PMID: 26096686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder caused primarily by selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In this work the proteomes extracted from primary fibroblasts of two unrelated, hereditary cases of PD patients, with different parkin mutations, were compared with the proteomes extracted from commercial adult normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and primary fibroblasts from the healthy mother of one of the two patients. The results show that the fibroblasts from the two different cases of parkin-mutant patients display analogous alterations in the expression level of proteins involved in different cellular functions, like cytoskeleton structure-dynamics, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, protein and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma, 64, Avellino, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitè de Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal QCH3T1J4, Canada
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fiorella Mazzeo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma, 64, Avellino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gaballo
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Papa
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy.
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48
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Prediction of Metabolic Gene Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disease by an Integrated Network-Based Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:432012. [PMID: 26064912 PMCID: PMC4442013 DOI: 10.1155/2015/432012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), have become more and more common among aged people worldwide. One hallmark of NDs is the presence of intracellular accumulation of specific pathogenic proteins that may result from abnormal function of metabolic processes. Previously, we have developed a computational method named Met-express that predicted key enzyme-coding genes in cancer development by integrating cancer gene coexpression network with the metabolic network. Here, we applied Met-express to predict key enzyme-coding genes in both PD and HD. Functional enrichment analysis and literature review of predicted genes suggested that there might be some common pathogenic metabolic pathways for PD and HD. We further found that the predicted genes had significant functional association with known disease genes, with some of them already documented as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NDs. As such, the predicted metabolic genes may be of use as novel biomarkers not only for ND diagnosis but also for potential therapeutic treatments.
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49
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Pecorelli A, Natrella F, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Cervellati F, Ciccoli L, Mariottini A, Rocchi R, Vatti G, Bua A, Canitano R, Hayek J, Forman H, Valacchi G. NADPH oxidase activation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal/aquaporin-4 adducts as possible new players in oxidative neuronal damage presents in drug-resistant epilepsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:507-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Khowal S, Mustufa MMA, Chaudhary NK, Naqvi SH, Parvez S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of the therapeutic potential of hesperidin and proteomic resolution of diabetes-mediated neuronal fluctuations expediting Alzheimer’s disease. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01977j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been proposed as type III diabetes mellitus. Prognosis and early stage diagnosis of AD is essentially required in diabetes to avoid extensive irreversible neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
| | - Malik M. A. Mustufa
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
| | - Naveen K. Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
| | | | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology
- Faculty of Science
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Department of Biochemistry
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard)
- India
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