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Dos Santos Silva RA, Peres-Ueno MJ, Nicola AC, Santos LFG, Fernandes-Breitenbach F, Rubira RJG, Pereira R, Chaves-Neto AH, Dornelles RCM. The microarchitecture and chemical composition of the femur neck of senescent female rats after different physical training protocols. GeroScience 2024; 46:1927-1946. [PMID: 37776397 PMCID: PMC10828330 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle, coupled with a decrease in estrogen, impairs bone homeostasis, favoring to the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis, both recognized as risk factors for fractures. Here, we investigated the quality of the femur, particularly the femur neck region, and the ambulation performance of senescent rats subjected to three different physical training protocols during the periestropause period. Forty-eight female rats, 18 months of age, were subjected to a 120-day training period, three times a week. The rats were distributed into four groups: aerobic training (AT), strength training (ST), concurrent training (CT), or no training (NT). After the experimental period, at 21 months of age, ambulation performance and femur were analyzed using microtomography, Raman stereology, densitometry, and mechanical strength tests. The results demonstrated greater remodeling activity and improvement in resistance and bone microarchitecture in the femur neck of senescent female rats after undergoing physical training. Our verified higher intensities of bands related to collagen, phosphate, amide III, and amide I. Furthermore, the analysis of the secondary collagen structures indicated alterations in the collagen network due to the exercise, resulting in increased bone strength. Both AT and strength-based training proved beneficial, with AT showing greater adaptations in bone density and stiffness in the femur, while strength-based training greater adaptations in trabecular and cortical structure. These insights contribute to the understanding of the potential interventions for preventing osteopenia and osteoporosis, which are critical risk factors for fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Augusto Dos Santos Silva
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Cristina Nicola
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Gadioli Santos
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes-Breitenbach
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Jesus Gonçalves Rubira
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, Bahia, 45210-506, Brazil
| | - Antônio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences - SBFis/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Aging Biology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rodovia Marechal Rondon, km 527, CEP 16018-805, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Rakshe PS, Dutta BJ, Chib S, Maurya N, Singh S. Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102255. [PMID: 38490497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes. This review sheds light on the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this axis, specifically emphasizing the promising role of flavonoids in mitigating NDD-related complications. Expanding beyond conventional pharmacological approaches, the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction (CR), coupled with the investigation of natural compounds, offers a beacon of hope. By strategically elucidating the intricate connections within these pathways, this review aims to pave the ways for novel multi-target agents and interventions, fostering a renewed optimism in the quest to combat and manage the debilitating impacts of NDDs on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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3
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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Fernandez F, Vazquez-Muñoz M, Canals A, Arce-Álvarez A, Salazar-Ardiles C, Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Millet GP, Izquierdo M, Andrade DC. Intrahospital supervised exercise training improves survival rate among hypertensive patients with COVID-19. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:678-684. [PMID: 36727631 PMCID: PMC10010906 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00544.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the people most affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are those suffering from hypertension (HTN). However, pharmacological therapies for HTN are ineffective against COVID-19 progression and severity. It has been proposed that exercise training (EX) could be used as post-COVID treatment, which does not rule out the possible effects during hospitalization for COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of supervised EX on HTN patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization. Among a total of 1,508 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by PCR), 439 subjects were classified as having HTN and were divided into two groups: EX (n = 201) and control (n = 238) groups. EX (3-4 times/wk during all hospitalizations) consisted of aerobic exercises (15-45 min; i.e., walking); breathing exercises (10-15 min) (i.e., diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active abdominal contraction); and musculoskeletal exercises (8-10 sets of 12-15 repetitions/wk; lifting dumbbells, standing up and sitting, lumbar stabilization). Our data revealed that the EX (clinician: patient, 1:1 ratio) intervention was able to improve survival rates among controlled HTN patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization when compared with the control group (chi-squared: 4.83; hazard ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.117 to 2.899; P = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that EX was a prognostic marker (odds ratio: 0.449; 95% CI: 0.230-0.874; P = 0.018) along with sex and invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Our data showed that an intrahospital supervised EX program reduced the mortality rate among patients with HTN suffering from COVID-19 during their hospitalization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we found that exercise training improves the survival rate in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization period. Our results provide strong evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of exercise training as a feasible approach to improving the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who suffer from hypertension during their hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernandez
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Estadística, Departamento de Calidad, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Canals
- Dirección académica, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David C Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Modulatory Effect of Neurotrophic Factors on the TRPV1 Expression: Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Antiepileptic Effect of Exercise. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/ans-134555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is one of the most important diseases of the central nervous system, for which has no definitive treatment. Neurotrophic factors increase the survival of nerve cells and improve the treatment of neurological diseases. Identifying factors that affect the increase of neurotrophins in the brain is an important goal for brain health and function. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of exercise on neurotrophic factors by influencing the expression of vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1). Methods: Convulsions were induced by injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 35 mg/kg) five hours after exercise. Animals were divided into five groups: sham (Sham), seizure (PTZ), exercise (EX), exercise with seizure induction (EX+PTZ), and exercise before seizure induction (EX-PTZ). The exercise was 30 minutes of forced running on a treadmill, five days a week for four weeks. Results: The average percentage of NGF cells in the exercise groups (EX), exercise with seizure induction (EX+PTZ), and exercise before seizure induction (EX-PTZ), and GDNF in the exercise group with seizure induction (EX+PTZ) had a significant increase compared to the seizure group (PTZ). Also, TRPV1 activity in exercise groups (EX), exercise with seizure induction (EX+PTZ), and exercise before seizure induction (EX-PTZ) showed a significant increase compared to the seizure group (PTZ). Conclusions: Our findings suggested the possible antiepileptic and antiepileptogenesis effects of exercise through activation of neurotrophic factors and TRPV1 modulation.
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Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TCY, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 36184623 PMCID: PMC9527145 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cammisuli DM, Franzoni F, Scarfò G, Fusi J, Gesi M, Bonuccelli U, Daniele S, Martini C, Castelnuovo G. What Does the Brain Have to Keep Working at Its Best? Resilience Mechanisms Such as Antioxidants and Brain/Cognitive Reserve for Counteracting Alzheimer's Disease Degeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050650. [PMID: 35625381 PMCID: PMC9138251 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we performed a narrative review highlighting the effect of brain/cognitive reserve and natural/synthetic antioxidants in exerting a neuroprotective effect against cognitive deterioration during physiological and pathological aging. Particularly, we discussed pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, brain and cognitive reserve as means of resilience towards deterioration, and evidence from the literature about antioxidants' role in sustaining cognitive functioning in the preclinical phase of dementia. During aging, the effects of disease-related brain changes upon cognition are reduced in individuals with higher cognitive reserve, which might lose its potential with emerging cognitive symptoms in the transitional phase over the continuum normal aging-dementia (i.e., Mild Cognitive Impairment). Starting from this assumption, MCI should represent a potential target of intervention in which antioxidants effects may contribute-in part-to counteract a more severe brain deterioration (alongside to cognitive stimulation) causing a rightward shift in the trajectory of cognitive decline, leading patients to cross the threshold for clinical dementia later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (G.S.); (J.F.); (U.B.)
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (G.S.); (J.F.); (U.B.)
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (G.S.); (J.F.); (U.B.)
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (G.S.); (J.F.); (U.B.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Potential Effects of Nrf2 in Exercise Intervention of Neurotoxicity Caused by Methamphetamine Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4445734. [PMID: 35480870 PMCID: PMC9038420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4445734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine can cause oxidative stress-centered lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitatory neurotoxicity, and neuroinflammation and ultimately lead to nerve cell apoptosis, abnormal glial cell activation, and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier. Protecting nerve cells from oxidative destroy is a hopeful strategy for treating METH use disorder. Nrf2 is a major transcriptional regulator that activates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell-protective gene expression through endogenous pathways that maintains cell REDOX homeostasis and is conducive to the survival of neurons. The Nrf2-mediated endogenous antioxidant pathway can also prevent neurodegenerative effects and functional defects caused by METH oxidative stress. Moderate exercise activates this endogenous antioxidant system, which involves in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Based on evidence from existing literature, we argue that appropriate exercise can play an endogenous antioxidant regulatory role in the Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce a number of issues caused by METH-induced oxidative stress. However, more experimental evidence is needed to support this idea. In addition, further exploration is necessary about the different effects of various parameters of exercise intervention (such as exercise mode, time, and intensity) on the Nrf2 signaling pathway intervention. Whether there are synergistic effects between exercise and plant-derived Nrf2 activators is worth further investigation.
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9
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Dominiak K, Galganski L, Budzinska A, Woyda-Ploszczyca A, Zoladz JA, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Effects of Endurance Training on the Coenzyme Q Redox State in Rat Heart, Liver, and Brain at the Tissue and Mitochondrial Levels: Implications for Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Respiratory Chain Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020896. [PMID: 35055078 PMCID: PMC8778810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixteen adult, 4-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the training group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). We elucidated the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training on coenzyme Q (Q) content and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the tissue level and in isolated mitochondria of the rat heart, liver and brain. We demonstrated that endurance training enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in all tested organs, while a significant increase in the Q redox state was observed in the heart and brain, indicating an elevated level of QH2 as an antioxidant. Moreover, endurance training increased the mQH2 antioxidant pool in the mitochondria of the heart and liver, but not in the brain. At the tissue and isolated mitochondria level, an increase in ROS formation was only observed in the heart. ROS formation observed in the mitochondria of individual rat tissues after training may be associated with changes in the activity/amount of individual components of the oxidative phosphorylation system and its molecular organization, as well as with the size of the oxidized pool of mitochondrial Q acting as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain. Our results indicate that tissue-dependent changes induced by endurance training in the cellular and mitochondrial QH2 pool acting as an antioxidant and in the mitochondrial Q pool serving the respiratory chain may serve important roles in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis and the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dominiak
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Lukasz Galganski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.J.)
| | - Adrianna Budzinska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Andrzej Woyda-Ploszczyca
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.D.); (A.B.); (A.W.-P.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.J.)
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Sutkowy P, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Szewczyk-Golec K, Wesołowski R, Pawłowska M, Nuszkiewicz J. Physical Activity vs. Redox Balance in the Brain: Brain Health, Aging and Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010095. [PMID: 35052600 PMCID: PMC8773223 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that physical exercise improves cognitive function and memory, has an analgesic and antidepressant effect, and delays the aging of the brain and the development of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. There are even attempts to use physical activity in the treatment of mental diseases. The course of most diseases is strictly associated with oxidative stress, which can be prevented or alleviated with regular exercise. It has been proven that physical exercise helps to maintain the oxidant–antioxidant balance. In this review, we present the current knowledge on redox balance in the organism and the consequences of its disruption, while focusing mainly on the brain. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of physical activity on aging and brain diseases, and present current recommendations and directions for further research in this area.
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11
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Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Watts A, Perry M, Clutton J, Van Sciver A, Kamat AS, Mahnken J, Hunt SL, Townley R, Honea R, Shaw AR, Johnson DK, Vacek J, Burns JM. Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer's: A 1-year randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244893. [PMID: 33444359 PMCID: PMC7808620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer's-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging. METHODS AND FINDINGS This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 underactive older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n = 79) or subthreshold (n = 38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02000583; ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jill K. Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Mark Perry
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jon Clutton
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Angela Van Sciver
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashwini S. Kamat
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Suzanne L. Hunt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Ryan Townley
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Robyn Honea
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Shaw
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - James Vacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
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12
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Mousavi SR, Jafari M, Rezaei S, Agha-alinejad H, Sobhani V. Evaluation of the effects of different intensities of forced running wheel exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers in muscle, liver and serum of untrained rats. Lab Anim (NY) 2020; 49:119-125. [DOI: 10.1038/s41684-020-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Radak Z, Suzuki K, Posa A, Petrovszky Z, Koltai E, Boldogh I. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated adaptation. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101467. [PMID: 32086007 PMCID: PMC7284913 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy demands are readily changed during physical exercise resulting in adaptive responses by signaling proteins of metabolic processes, including the NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylase SIRT1. Regular exercise results in systemic adaptation that restores the level of SIRT1 in the kidney, liver, and brain in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and thereby normalizes cellular metabolic processes to attenuate the severity of these diseases. In skeletal muscle, over-expression of SIRT1 results in enhanced numbers of myonuclei improves the repair process after injury and is actively involved in muscle hypertrophy by up-regulating anabolic and downregulating catabolic processes. The present review discusses the different views of SIRT1 dependent deacetylation of PGC-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan; University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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14
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High-intensity interval training improves cerebellar antioxidant capacity without affecting cognitive functions in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110529. [PMID: 31698763 PMCID: PMC6912783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.
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16
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Melo CS, Rocha-Vieira E, Freitas DA, Soares BA, Rocha-Gomes A, Riul TR, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR, Camargos ACR, Carvalho LED, De Sousa RAL, Leite HR. A single session of high-intensity interval exercise increases antioxidants defenses in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Kou X, Chen D, Chen N. Physical Activity Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease through Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071591. [PMID: 30934958 PMCID: PMC6479697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common aging-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and can result in great suffering for a large portion of the aged population. Although the pathogenesis of AD is being elucidated, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, thereby impeding the development of effective drugs, supplements, and other interventional strategies for AD. In recent years, impaired autophagy associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been reported to be involved in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation for the functional status of autophagy may become one of the potent interventional strategies for AD. Mounting evidence from in vivo AD models has demonstrated that physical activity can exert a neuroprotective role in AD. In addition, autophagy is strictly regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway. In this article, the regulation of the functional status of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway during physical activity is systematically discussed for the prevention and treatment of AD. This concept will be beneficial to developing novel and effective targets that can create a direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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18
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Melo KP, Silva CM, Almeida MF, Chaves RS, Marcourakis T, Cardoso SM, Demasi M, Netto LES, Ferrari MFR. Mild Exercise Differently Affects Proteostasis and Oxidative Stress on Motor Areas During Neurodegeneration: A Comparative Study of Three Treadmill Running Protocols. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:410-420. [PMID: 30276717 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis and oxidative stress were evaluated in motor cortex and spinal cord of aged Lewis rats exposed to 1 mg/kg/day of rotenone during 4 or 8 weeks, prior or after practicing three protocols of mild treadmill running. Results demonstrated that exercise done after the beginning of neurodegeneration reverted the increased oxidative stress (measured by H2O2 levels and SOD activity), increased neuron strength, and improved proteostasis in motor cortex. Spinal cord was not affected. Treadmill running practiced before neurodegeneration protected cortical motor neurons of the rotenone-exposed rats; but in this case, oxidative stress was not altered, whereas proteasome activity was increased and autophagy decreased. Spinal cord was not protected when exercise was practiced before neurodegeneration. Prolonged treadmill running (10 weeks) increased oxidative stress, autophagy, and proteasome activity, whereas neuron viability was decreased in motor cortex. In spinal cord, this protocol decreased oxidative stress and increased proteasome activity. Major conclusions were that treadmill running practiced before or after the beginning of neurodegeneration may protect motor cortex neurons, whereas prolonged mild running seems to be beneficial for spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P Melo
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolliny M Silva
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Michael F Almeida
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Chaves
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marilene Demasi
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica e Biofisica, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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19
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dos Santos FV, Targa AD, Hammerschmidt I, Zanata SM, Maia FG, Visentainer JV, Santos Junior OO, da Costa BA, Lagranha CJ, Ferraz AC. Fish oil supplementation reverses behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by swimming exercise in rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Dobashi S, Aiba C, Ando D, Kiuchi M, Yamakita M, Koyama K. Caloric restriction suppresses exercise-induced hippocampal BDNF expression in young male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.7.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Dobashi
- Integrated Graduate School Department of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Chinatsu Aiba
- Graduate School Department of Education, University of Yamanashi
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Education, University of Yamanashi
| | - Mitsuya Yamakita
- Health Sciences Section, Center for Human and Social Sciences, Kitasato University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
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21
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Freitas DA, Rocha-Vieira E, Soares BA, Nonato LF, Fonseca SR, Martins JB, Mendonça VA, Lacerda AC, Massensini AR, Poortamns JR, Meeusen R, Leite HR. High intensity interval training modulates hippocampal oxidative stress, BDNF and inflammatory mediators in rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 184:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Antioxidant action of grape seed polyphenols and aerobic exercise in improving neuronal number in the hippocampus is associated with decrease in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in adult and middle-aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2018; 101:101-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Kou X, Li J, Liu X, Chang J, Zhao Q, Jia S, Fan J, Chen N. Swimming attenuates d-galactose-induced brain aging via suppressing miR-34a-mediated autophagy impairment and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1462-1469. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. To explore the regulatory role of miR-34a in aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during exercise intervention, we constructed a rat model with d-galactose (d-gal)-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment coupled with dysfunctional autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, determined the mitigation of cognitive impairment of d-gal-induced aging rats during swimming intervention, and evaluated miR-34a-mediated functional status of autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Meanwhile, whether the upregulation of miR-34a can lead to dysfunctional autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics was confirmed in human SH-SY5Y cells with silenced miR-34a by the transfection of a miR-34a inhibitor. Results indicated that swimming intervention could significantly attenuate cognitive impairment, prevent the upregulation of miR-34a, mitigate the dysfunctional autophagy, and inhibit the increase of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in d-gal-induced aging model rats. In contrast, the miR-34a inhibitor in cell model not only attenuated D-gal-induced the impairment of autophagy but also decreased the expression of DRP1 and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). Therefore, swimming training can delay brain aging of d-gal-induced aging rats through attenuating the impairment of miR-34a-mediated autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, and miR-34a could be the novel therapeutic target for aging-related diseases such as AD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we have found that the upregulation of miR-34a is the hallmark of aging or aging-related diseases, which can result in dysfunctional autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. In contrast, swimming intervention can delay the aging process by rescuing the impaired functional status of autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via the suppression of miR-34a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xingran Liu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jingru Chang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Radak Z, Ishihara K, Tekus E, Varga C, Posa A, Balogh L, Boldogh I, Koltai E. Exercise, oxidants, and antioxidants change the shape of the bell-shaped hormesis curve. Redox Biol 2017; 12:285-290. [PMID: 28285189 PMCID: PMC5345970 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is debated whether exercise-induced ROS production is obligatory to cause adaptive response. It is also claimed that antioxidant treatment could eliminate the adaptive response, which appears to be systemic and reportedly reduces the incidence of a wide range of diseases. Here we suggest that if the antioxidant treatment occurs before the physiological function-ROS dose-response curve reaches peak level, the antioxidants can attenuate function. On the other hand, if the antioxidant treatment takes place after the summit of the bell-shaped dose response curve, antioxidant treatment would have beneficial effects on function. We suggest that the effects of antioxidant treatment are dependent on the intensity of exercise, since the adaptive response, which is multi pathway dependent, is strongly influenced by exercise intensity. It is further suggested that levels of ROS concentration are associated with peak physiological function and can be extended by physical fitness level and this could be the basis for exercise pre-conditioning. Physical inactivity, aging or pathological disorders increase the sensitivity to oxidative stress by altering the bell-shaped dose response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kazunari Ishihara
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Tekus
- Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aniko Posa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Marton O, Koltai E, Takeda M, Mimura T, Pajk M, Abraham D, Koch LG, Britton SL, Higuchi M, Boldogh I, Radak Z. The rate of training response to aerobic exercise affects brain function of rats. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:16-23. [PMID: 27262284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing volume of data connecting capacity to respond to exercise training with quality of life and aging. In this study, we used a rat model in which animals were selectively bred for low and high gain in running distance to test t whether genetic segregation for trainability is associated with brain function and signaling processes in the hippocampus. Rats selected for low response (LRT) and high response training (HRT) were randomly divided into control or exercise group that trained five times a week for 30 min per day for three months at 70% VO2max. All four groups had similar running distance before training. With training, HRT rats showed significantly greater increases in VO2max and running distance than LRT rats (p < 0.05). On the reverse Morris Maze test HRT-trained rats outperformed HRT control ones. Significant difference was noted between LRT and HRT groups in redox milieu as assessed by levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylation of proteins, nNOS and S-nitroso-cysteine. Moreover the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ratio of phospho and total cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and apoptotic index, also showed significant differences between LRT and HRT groups. These findings suggest that aerobic training responses are not localized to skeletal muscle, but differently involve signaling processes in the brain of LRT and HRT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Marton
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Masaki Takeda
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melitta Pajk
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Abraham
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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26
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Gradari S, Pallé A, McGreevy KR, Fontán-Lozano Á, Trejo JL. Can Exercise Make You Smarter, Happier, and Have More Neurons? A Hormetic Perspective. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:93. [PMID: 27013955 PMCID: PMC4789405 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can make you smarter, happier and have more neurons depending on the dose (intensity) of the training program. It is well recognized that exercise protocols induce both positive and negative effects depending on the intensity of the exercise, among other key factors, a process described as a hormetic-like biphasic dose-response. However, no evidences have been reported till very recently about the biphasic response of some of the potential mediators of the exercise-induced actions. This hypothesis and theory will focus on the adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a putative physical substrate for hormesis responses to exercise in the context of exercise-induced actions on cognition and mood, and on the molecular pathways which might potentially be mediating these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gradari
- Laboratory of Adult Neurogenesis, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Pallé
- Laboratory of Adult Neurogenesis, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Kerry R McGreevy
- Laboratory of Adult Neurogenesis, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Laboratory of Adult Neurogenesis, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Trejo
- Laboratory of Adult Neurogenesis, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:57-89. [PMID: 25431878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel pharmaceutical targets of the aging process, more research efforts should be devoted to gaining insights into the molecular mediators of the benefits of exercise and to implement effective exercise interventions for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
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Somkuwar SS, Staples MC, Fannon MJ, Ghofranian A, Mandyam CD. Evaluating Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention for Methamphetamine Addiction-Like Behavior. Brain Plast 2015; 1:63-81. [PMID: 29765835 PMCID: PMC5928557 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for effective treatments for addiction and dependence to the illicit stimulant methamphetamine in primary care settings is increasing, yet no effective medications have been FDA approved to reduce dependence [1]. This is partially attributed to the complex and dynamic neurobiology underlying the various stages of addiction [2]. Therapeutic strategies to treat methamphetamine addiction, particularly the relapse stage of addiction, could revolutionize methamphetamine addiction treatment. In this context, preclinical studies demonstrate that voluntary exercise (sustained physical activity) could be used as an intervention to reduce methamphetamine addiction. Therefore, it appears that methamphetamine disrupts normal functioning in the brain and this disruption is prevented or reduced by engaging in exercise. This review discusses animal models of methamphetamine addiction and sustained physical activity and the interactions between exercise and methamphetamine behaviors. The review highlights how methamphetamine and exercise affect neuronal plasticity and neurotoxicity in the adult mammalian striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, and presents the emerging mechanisms of exercise in attenuating intake and in preventing relapse to methamphetamine seeking in preclinical models of methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita S Somkuwar
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miranda C Staples
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - McKenzie J Fannon
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Atoosa Ghofranian
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kitabatake TT, Marini LDC, Gonçalves RB, Bertolino G, de Souza HCD, de Araujo JE. Behavioral effects and neural changes induced by continuous and not continuous treadmill training, post bilateral cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lee S, Park S, Won J, Lee SR, Chang KT, Hong Y. The Incremental Induction of Neuroprotective Properties by Multiple Therapeutic Strategies for Primary and Secondary Neural Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19657-70. [PMID: 26295390 PMCID: PMC4581318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural diseases including injury by endogenous factors, traumatic brain injury, and degenerative neural injury are eventually due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus ROS generation in neural tissues is a hallmark feature of numerous forms of neural diseases. Neural degeneration and the neural damage process is complex, involving a vast array of tissue structure, transcriptional/translational, electrochemical, metabolic, and functional events within the intact neighbors surrounding injured neural tissues. During aging, multiple changes involving physical, chemical, and biochemical processes occur from the molecular to the morphological levels in neural tissues. Among many recommended therapeutic candidates, melatonin also plays a role in protecting the nervous system from anti-inflammation and efficiently safeguards neuronal cells via antioxidants and other endogenous/exogenous beneficial factors. Therefore, given the wide range of mechanisms responsible for neuronal damage, multi-action drugs or therapies for the treatment of neural injury that make use of two or more agents and target several pathways may have greater efficacy in promoting functional recovery than a single therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life Sciences, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Won
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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Exercise as a Polypill for Chronic Diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:497-526. [PMID: 26477928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise may be described as a polypill to prevent and/or treat almost every chronic disease, with obvious benefits such as its low cost and practical lack of adverse effects. Implementing physical activity interventions in public health is therefore a goal at the medical, social, and economic levels. This chapter describes the importance of health promotion through physical activity and discusses the impacts of exercise on the most prevalent chronic diseases, namely metabolic syndrome-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. For each of these chronic conditions, we discuss the epidemiological evidence supporting a beneficial role of exercise, provide guidelines for exercise prescription, and describe the biological mechanisms whereby exercise exerts its modulatory effects.
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Forbes SC, Forbes D, Forbes S, Blake CM, Chong LY, Thiessen EJ, Rutjes AWS, Little JP. Exercise interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Forbes
- Okanagan College; Biology, Human Kinetics; Penticton Campus 583 Duncan Avenue West Penticton BC Canada V2A 8E1
| | - Dorothy Forbes
- University of Alberta; Faculty of Nursing; level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy Edmonton AB Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Sean Forbes
- University of Florida; Department of Physical Therapy; 100 S. Newell Drive, McKnight Brain Institute, rm L3-183 Gainesville FL USA 32610
| | - Catherine M Blake
- University of Western Ontario; School of Nursing, Health Sciences Addition H022; 1151 Richmond Street London ON Canada N6A 3K7
| | | | - Emily J Thiessen
- University of Alberta; Faculty of Nursing; level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy Edmonton AB Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Anne WS Rutjes
- Fondazione "Università G. D'Annunzio"; Centre for Systematic Reviews; via dei Vestini 31 Chieti Chieti Italy 66100
- University of Bern; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM); Finkenhubelweg 11 Bern Bern Switzerland 3012
- University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; via dei Vestini 31 Chieti Chieti Italy 66100
| | - Jonathan P Little
- University of British Columbia Okanagan; School of Health and Exercise Sciences; 3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7
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Forbes SC, Forbes D, Forbes S, Blake CM, Chong LY, Thiessen EJ, Little JP, Rutjes AWS. Exercise interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Forbes
- Okanagan College; Biology, Human Kinetics; Penticton Campus 583 Duncan Avenue West Penticton BC Canada V2A 8E1
| | - Dorothy Forbes
- University of Alberta; Faculty of Nursing; level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy Edmonton AB Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Sean Forbes
- University of Florida; Department of Physical Therapy; 100 S. Newell Drive, McKnight Brain Institute, rm L3-183 Gainesville FL USA 32610
| | - Catherine M Blake
- University of Western Ontario; School of Nursing, Health Sciences Addition H022; 1151 Richmond Street London ON Canada N6A 3K7
| | | | - Emily J Thiessen
- University of Alberta; Faculty of Nursing; level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy Edmonton AB Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Jonathan P Little
- University of British Columbia Okanagan; School of Health and Exercise Sciences; 3333 University Way Kelowna BC Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Anne WS Rutjes
- Fondazione "Università G. D'Annunzio"; Centre for Systematic Reviews; via dei Vestini 31 Chieti Chieti Italy 66100
- University of Bern; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM); Finkenhubelweg 11 Bern Bern Switzerland 3012
- University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; via dei Vestini 31 Chieti Chieti Italy 66100
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Fehér J, Kovács I, Pacella E, Radák Z. [Correlation of the microbiota and intestinal mucosa in the pathophysiology and treatment of irritable bowel, irritable eye, and irritable mind syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:1454-60. [PMID: 25194867 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating clinical evidence supports co-morbidity of irritable bowel, irritable eye and irritable mind symptoms. Furthermore, perturbation of the microbiota-host symbiosis (dysbiosis) is considered a common pathogenic mechanism connecting gastrointestinal, ocular and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Consequently, maintaining or restoring microbiota-host symbiosis represents a new approach to treat these symptoms or to prevent their relapses. Current treatment approach assigned a primary role to live probiotics alone or in combination with prebiotics to enhance colonization of beneficial bacteria and to strengthen the symbiosis. However, several papers showed major benefits of heat-killed probiotics as compared to their live counterparts on both intestinal and systemic symptoms. Recently, in addition to killing probiotics, in a proof of concept study lysates (fragments) of probiotics in combination with vitamins A, B, D and omega 3 fatty acids were successfully tested. These findings suggested a conceptual change in the approach addressed to both the microbiota and host as targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fehér
- Nutripharma Hungaria Kft. Ophthalmic Neuroscience Program Budapest Sapienza Tudományegyetem Szemklinika via Sardegna 139 00187 Róma Olaszország
| | - Illés Kovács
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Budapest
| | - Elena Pacella
- Sapienza Tudományegyetem Szemklinika via Sardegna 139 00187 Róma Olaszország
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Testnevelési és Sporttudományi Kar Sporttudományi Kutatóintézet Budapest
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Torma F, Bori Z, Koltai E, Felszeghy K, Vacz G, Koch L, Britton S, Boldogh I, Radak Z. Eating habits modulate short term memory and epigenetical regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of low- and high running capacity rats. Brain Res Bull 2014; 107:54-60. [PMID: 25043449 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise capacity and dietary restriction (DR) are linked to improved quality of life, including enhanced brain function and neuro-protection. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key proteins involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on brain. Low capacity runner (LCR) and high capacity runner (HCR) rats were subjected to DR in order to investigate the regulation of BDNF. HCR-DR rats out-performed other groups in a passive avoidance test. BDNF content increased significantly in the hippocampus of HCR-DR groups compared to control groups (p<0.05). The acetylation of H3 increased significantly only in the LCR-DR group. However, chip-assay revealed that the specific binding between acetylated histone H3 and BNDF promoter was increased in both LCR-DR and HCR-DR groups. In spite of these increases in binding, at the transcriptional level only, the LCR-DR group showed an increase in BDNF mRNA content. Additionally, DR also induced the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), while the content of SIRT1 was not altered. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) was elevated in HCR-DR groups. But, based on the levels of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and cytocrome c oxidase, it appears that DR did not cause mitochondrial biogenesis. The data suggest that DR-mediated induction of BDNF levels includes chromatin remodeling. Moreover, DR does not induce mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of LCR/HCR rats. DR results in different responses to a passive avoidance test, and BDNF regulation in LCR and HCR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Bori
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klara Felszeghy
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Vacz
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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36
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Vina J, Gomez-Cabrera MC. FORUM ISSUE: "Free radicals and physical exercise". Free Radic Res 2013; 48:1-2. [PMID: 24134741 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.853421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Vina
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario/INCLIVA , Spain
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