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Guan H, Wang M, Yu S, Wang C, Chen Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Fan J. Candesartan Cilexetil Formulations in Mesoporous Silica: Preparation, Enhanced Dissolution In Vitro, and Oral Bioavailability In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:3045-3053. [PMID: 39094942 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Candesartan cilexetil (CC) is one of well-tolerated antihypertensive drugs, while its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its use. Herein, two mesoporous silica (Syloid XDP 3150 and Syloid AL-1 FP) and the corresponding amino-modified products (N-XDP 3150 and N-AL-1 FP) have been selected as the carriers of Candesartan cilexetil to prepare solid dispersion through solvent immersion, and characterized through using powder X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, etc. The state of CC changed from crystalline to amorphous after loading onto the silica carriers, in which no interactions between CC and silica existed. Then, the dissolution behaviors in vitro were studied through using flow-through cell dissolution method. CC-XDP 3150 sample exhibited the most extensive dissolution, and the cumulative release of CC from it was 1.88-fold larger than that of CC. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic results in rats revealed that the relative bioavailability of CC-XDP 3150 and CC-N-XDP 3150 solid dispersions were estimated to be 326 % % and 238 % % in comparison with CC, respectively. Clearly, pore size, pore volume, and surface properties of silica carrier have remarkable effect on loading, dissolution and bioavailability of CC. In brief, this work will provide valuable information in construction of mesoporous silica-based delivery system toward poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijian Guan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Drugs, Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analytical Chemistry, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, State Drug Administration, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Shaowen Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, State Drug Administration, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Caimei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, State Drug Administration, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, State Drug Administration, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Drugs, Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analytical Chemistry, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Drugs, Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analytical Chemistry, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Shen P, Hu E, Zhang C, Gao Y, Qian S, Heng W, Zhang J, Wei Y. Hot "Dissolving" Extrusion of Lurasidone with Natural Liquid Small Molecule for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Based Self-Assembled Submicron Emulsion. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302488. [PMID: 38050839 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, ≈90% of new drug candidates under development are poorly bioavailable due to their low solubility and/or permeability. Herein, a natural liquid small molecule trans-anethole (TA) is introduced into the drug-polymer system lurasidone (LUS)-poly (1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (VA64), notably improving the compatibility of components for the successful preparation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) and facilitating the formation of self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) during dissolution. LUS-TA-VA64 ASD shows enhanced supersaturation with a long maintenance time of at least 24 h over pure LUS. The strong non-covalent force between VA64 (as emulsifier) and TA (as oil phase)/ water promotes the self-assembly of submicron emulsion and ensures its stability for at least 10 h. Compared to the commercial salt form of LUS, the ASD shows twofold increase in peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under plasma concentration-time profiles (AUC), 1.5-fold increase in peak time (Tmax ), and twofold decrease in AUC-based coefficient of variation (CV) (59%→26%) after a single oral dose to a rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Enshi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
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Sarabu S, Butreddy A, Bandari S, Batra A, Lawal K, Chen NN, Kogan M, Bi V, Durig T, Repka MA. Preliminary investigation of peroxide levels of Plasdone™ copovidones on the purity of atorvastatin calcium amorphous solid dispersions: Impact of plasticizers on hot melt extrusion processability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sharma A, Bhardwaj P, Arya SK. Naringin: A potential natural product in the field of biomedical applications. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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AbuElfadl A, Boughdady M, Meshali M. New Peceol™/Span™ 60 Niosomes Coated with Chitosan for Candesartan Cilexetil: Perspective Increase in Absolute Bioavailability in Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5581-5601. [PMID: 34429601 PMCID: PMC8378936 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s324171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Candesartan cilexetil (CC), a prodrug of candesartan (CDT), is a class II BCS drug that suffers from poor oral bioavailability because of low aqueous solubility, P-gp efflux and first-pass metabolism. The absolute bioavailability reported for CC was only 15% and the methods to increase it remain elusive, thus the aim of our work was to prepare new CC-loaded niosomes encompassing, for the first time, glycerol monooleate GMO (Peceol™), as P-gp efflux inhibitor and promoter of lymphatic transport with Span™ 60 as bioenhancer. The prepared niosomes were further coated with chitosan for augmenting the CC oral absorption. METHODS The niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method through quality by design approach, using two levels of each of three critical process parameters (CPPs), namely, XA (the molar ratio of surfactant mixture to cholesterol) at a ratio of 1:1 or 2:1; XB (the molar ratio of Span™ 60 to Peceol™) at a ratio of 1:1 or 2:1; and XC (the drug amount) at 15 mg or 30 mg. The investigated critical quality attributes (CQAs) were entrapment efficiency percent, particle size, and polydispersity index. The optimized uncoated and chitosan coated formulations were subjected to DSC and stability study. In vitro drug release, biocompatibility with Caco-2 cells and lastly the absolute bioavailability evaluation in rats were assessed. RESULTS The physical properties of the optimized and stable niosomes were satisfactory. The ingredients were compatible with each other and biocompatible with Caco-2 cells. The synergistic combination of Peceol™ and Span™ 60 probably surmounted the P-gp efflux with an increase in oral absolute bioavailability of niosomes to five times that of CC suspension. CONCLUSION The new niosomal formulations of CC containing Peceol™ with Span™ 60 and cholesterol either uncoated or coated with chitosan were a successful paradigm in achieving high oral absolute bioavailability and increased Caco-2 cells biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya AbuElfadl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mariza Boughdady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahasen Meshali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Supersaturating drug delivery systems containing fixed-dose combination of two antihypertensive drugs: Formulation, in vitro evaluation and molecular metadynamics simulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105860. [PMID: 33901683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to associate the poorly water-soluble antihypertensive drugs candesartan cilexetil (CC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as fixed-dose combination, in the form of ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASD), using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) type M as polymeric carrier. The potential of the system to generate and to maintain supersaturation of both drugs was also evaluated. The ASDs were prepared by ball milling technique and solid-state characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Interaction between drugs and polymer in solid-state was evaluated by molecular metadynamics simulations. In vitro supersaturation profiles were determined in biorelevant medium. Physicochemical stability of ASDs was also evaluated under different storage conditions. Amorphization of both drugs was confirmed by solid-state characterization techniques. Molecular metadynamics simulations indicated that CC has stronger interaction with HMPCAS than HCTZ. In vitro supersaturation studies have shown that ternary ASDs could generate and maintain supersaturation of both drugs in biorelevant medium. The polymer reduced the desupersaturation of both drugs. Ternary ASDs also showed physicochemical stability over a period of 90 days, demonstrating the potential of the polymer in reducing the drugs recrystallization over the time. Ternary ASDs of CC, HCTZ and HPMCAS can be considered a promising system to associate the drugs as fixed-dose combinations. Also, these systems generate and maintain supersaturation of both drugs in biorelevant medium, with great storage stability. HPMCAS M was a good carrier for reducing the desupersaturation of associated HCTZ and CC.
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Poudel S, Kim DW. Developing pH-Modulated Spray Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Candesartan Cilexetil with Enhanced In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:497. [PMID: 33917403 PMCID: PMC8067465 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Candesartan cilexetil (CC), a prodrug and highly effective antihypertensive agent, is a poorly soluble (BCS Class II) drug with limited bioavailability. Here, we attempted to improve CC's bioavailability by formulating several CC-loaded amorphous solid dispersions with a hydrophilic carrier (PVPK30) and pH modifier (sodium carbonate) using the spray drying technique. Solubility, in vitro dissolution, and moisture content tests were used for screening the optimized formulation. We identified an optimized formulation of CC/PVPK30/SC, which at the ratio of 1:0.5:1 (w/w/w) exhibited a 30,000-fold increase in solubility and a more than 9-fold enhancement in dissolution compared to pure CC. Solid-state characterization revealed that in pH-modulated CC amorphous solid dispersion (CCSDpM), CC's crystallinity was altered to an amorphous state with the absence of undesirable interactions. Stability studies also showed that the optimized formulation was stable with good drug content and drug release under accelerated conditions of up to 4 weeks and real-time stability conditions of up to 12 weeks. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic parameters, such as AUC and Cmax of candesartan, had a 4.45-fold and 7.42-fold improvement, respectively, in CCSDpM-treated rats compared to those in the CC-treated rats. Thus, these results suggest that CCSDpM is highly effective for increasing oral absorption. The application of these techniques can be a viable strategy to improve a drug's bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
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Soliman MAN, Ibrahim HK, Nour SAEK. Diacerein solid dispersion loaded tablets for minimization of drug adverse effects: statistical design, formulation, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:302-315. [PMID: 33356729 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1869982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diacerein is a BCS class II drug employed in osteoarthritis management. The acid/base hydrolysis of the unabsorbed diacerein in the colon is responsible for its laxative effect. Therefore, this work aimed to enhance the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of diacerein. Such enhancement means lower doses and fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. A 41.31.21 full factorial design was adopted to prepare 24 solid dispersion formulae. Solid-state characterization showed the dissolution of diacerein crystals as metastable amorphous or microcrystalline forms in a matrix system that enhanced the drug dissolution. Desirability factor suggested compounding an optimized formula (F1) of Pluronic®F68 with 1:3 drug:carrier ratio using rotavap that showed higher drug solubility (187.61 µg/mL) than drug powder (22.5 µg/mL). It achieved higher dissolution efficiency (4.04-fold) and rate (6.6-fold) as well as 100% release in 2 min. F1 was compressed into tablets recording greater dissolution efficiency (1.24-fold) and rate (12.5-fold) than the marketed product. The prepared tablet accomplished a 2.66-fold enhancement in diacerein bioavailability compared to the marketed product. In conclusion, the formulation of diacerein as solid dispersion loaded tablets could be of added value for the treatment of osteoarthritis in terms of enhanced patient compliance. Solid dispersion is an easy and scalable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Naseef Soliman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Howida Kamal Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Abd El-Kader Nour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Figueroa-Campos A, Sánchez-Dengra B, Merino V, Dahan A, González-Álvarez I, García-Arieta A, González-Álvarez M, Bermejo M. Candesartan Cilexetil In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation: Predictive Dissolution as a Development Tool. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E633. [PMID: 32640620 PMCID: PMC7408357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to develop an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for immediate release candesartan cilexetil formulations by designing an in vitro dissolution test to be used as development tool. The IVIVC could be used to reduce failures in future bioequivalence studies. Data from two bioequivalence studies were scaled and combined to obtain the dataset for the IVIVC. Two-step and one-step approaches were used to develop the IVIVC. Experimental solubility and permeability data confirmed candesartan cilexetil. Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) class II candesartan average plasma profiles were deconvoluted by the Loo-Riegelman method to obtain the oral fractions absorbed. Fractions dissolved were obtained in several conditions in USP II and IV apparatus and the results were compared calculating the f2 similarity factor. Levy plot was constructed to estimate the time scaling factor and to make both processes, dissolution and absorption, superimposable. The in vitro dissolution experiment that reflected more accurately the in vivo behavior of the products of candesartan cilexetil employed the USP IV apparatus and a three-step pH buffer change, from 1.2 to 4.5 and 6.8, with 0.2% of Tween 20. This new model was able to predict the in vivo differences in dissolution and it could be used as a risk-analysis tool for formulation selection in future bioequivalence trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Figueroa-Campos
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Alfredo García-Arieta
- Service of Pharmacokinetics and Generic Medicines, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta González-Álvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Juan de Alicante, Spain; (A.F.-C.); (B.S.-D.); (M.G.-Á.); (M.B.)
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Pinto JMO, Leão AF, Alves GF, Mendes C, França MT, Fernandes D, Stulzer HK. New supersaturating drug delivery system as strategy to improve apparent solubility of candesartan cilexetil in biorelevant medium. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:89-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1675171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Franciane Leão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Hellen Karine Stulzer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Amer AM, Allam AN, Abdallah OY. Preparation, characterization and ex vivo- in vivo assessment of candesartan cilexetil nanocrystals via solid dispersion technique using an alkaline esterase activator carrier. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1140-1148. [PMID: 30912678 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve candesartan cilexetil (CC) efficacy by formulating nanocrystals via solid dispersion (SD) technique using tromethamine (Tris). SD was prepared by solvent evaporation at different drug carrier ratios, evaluated for particle size, vitro dissolution studies, TEM, FTIR, and X-ray powder diffraction. Ex vivo, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were conducted on selected formulae compared to drug suspension and marketed product. Size analysis demonstrated formation of particles in the nanorange lower than 300 nm. A burst drug release followed by an improved dissolution was observed indicating instant formation of nanocrystals along with amorphization as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. FTIR studies suggested the absence of chemical interaction between Tris and CC. TEM revealed formation of irregular oval nanoparticles. SD-1:5 has higher apparent permeability coefficient compared to CC suspension. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic results proved the ability of the formed nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of CC compared to drug suspension and marketed product. In conclusion, using of Tris as alkaline esterase activator carrier could be a promising tool to bypass the controversial effect of esterase enzymes that may be a source for inter-individual variations affecting ester prodrug candidates' efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Amer
- a Pharonia Pharmaceutical Industries , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Allam
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt.,c Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice , Oman College of Health Sciences , Muscat , Oman
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
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Amer AM, Allam AN, Abdallah OY. Comparative Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Candesartan and Candesartan Cilexetil: Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Dissolution and Ex Vivo In Vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:661-667. [PMID: 28948575 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to answer the question is it possible to replace the ester prodrug candesartan cilexetil (CC) by its active metabolite candesartan (C) to bypass the in vivo variable effect of esterase enzymes. A comparative physicochemical evaluation was conducted through solubility, dissolution, and stability studies; additionally, ex vivo permeation and in vivo studies were assessed. C demonstrated higher solubility over CC at alkaline pH. Moreover, dissolution testing using the pharmacopeial method showed better release profile of C even in the absence of surfactant in the testing medium. Both drugs demonstrated a slight degradation in acidic pH after short-term stability. Instead, shifting to alkaline pH of 6.5 and 7.4 showed superiority of C solution stability compared to CC solution. The ex vivo permeation results demonstrated that the parent compound C has a significant (P < 0.05) enhanced permeation compared to its prodrug from CC, that agreed with in vivo results in which C suspension reached significantly (P < 0.05) higher C max of 1.39 ± 0.59 μg/mL at T max of 0.66 ± 0.11 h, while CC suspension reached C max of 0.47 ± 0.22 μg/mL at T max of 2.00 ± 0.27 h, a lag period of 40 min is needed prior to detection of any absorbed CC in plasma. Those findings are not in agreement with the previously reported rationale on the prodrug formation owing to the poor permeability of the parent compound, suggesting the possibility of marketing the parent drug candesartan for clinical use similarly to azilsartan and its prodrug.
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Li Z, Cao J, Li H, Liu H, Han F, Liu Z, Tong C, Li S. Self-assembled drug delivery system based on low-molecular-weight bis-amide organogelator: synthesis, properties and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3168-3178. [PMID: 26912188 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1157841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Orgnaogels based on amino acid derivatives have been widely used in the area of drug delivery. OBJECTIVE An organogel system based on l-lysine derivatives was designed and prepared to induce a thermal sensitive implant with higher transition temperature, better mechanical strength, and shorter gelation time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The organogel was prepared by injectable soybean oil and methyl (S)-2,5-ditetradecanamidopentanoate (MDP), which was synthesized for the first time. Candesartan cilexetil (CC) was chosen as model drug. Different formulations were designed and optimized by response surface method. Thermal, rheology properties, and gelation kinetics of the optimized formulation had been characterized. The release behaviors in vitro, as well as in vivo were evaluated in comparison with the oily solution of drugs. Finally, the local inflammation response of in situ organogel was assessed by histological analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results showed that the synthesized gelator, MDP, had a good gelation ability and the organogels obtained via the self-assembly of gelators in vegetable oils exhibited great thermal and rheology properties, which guaranteed their state in body. In vivo pharmacokinetic demonstrated that the organogel formulation could extend the drug release and maintain a therapeutically effective plasma concentration at least 10 d. In addition, this implant showed acceptable moderate inflammation. CONCLUSION The in situ forming l-lysine-derivative-based organogel could be a promising matrix for sustained drug delivery of the drugs with low solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jinxu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Heran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Sanming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Casey SC, Amedei A, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Benencia F, Bhakta D, Bilsland AE, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Crawford S, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Heneberg P, Honoki K, Keith WN, Kerkar SP, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Nowsheen S, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Samadi A, Singh N, Talib WH, Venkateswaran V, Whelan RL, Yang X, Felsher DW. Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S199-S223. [PMID: 25865775 PMCID: PMC4930000 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan E Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Crawford
- Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sid P Kerkar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Richard L Whelan
- Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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15
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Yao Q, Zhong Y, Tian B, Tang X. Extruded Soluplus/SIM as an oral delivery system: characterization, interactions, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1902-11. [PMID: 25268150 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.960982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain a stable, amorphous solid dispersion (SD) with Soluplus, prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) as an effective and stable oral delivery system to improve the physical stability and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble simvastatin (SIM), a drug with relatively low Tg. The drug was proved to be miscible with Soluplus by calculation and measurements. The solubility, dissolution, thermal characteristics, interactions and physical stability of the SIM/Soluplus SDs were investigated. The crystal state of simvastatin in the SD was found to change from crystalline to amorphous form during the HME process and also hydrogen bonds were observed between SIM and the extruded Soluplus. The phase solubility showed the solubilization effect of Soluplus was strong and spontaneous. The equilibrium solubility illustrated that Soluplus/SIM SDs gained much higher solubility than its corresponding physical mixtures (PMs). Both of the dissolution profiles and in-vivo performance showed that the SIM/Soluplus SD obtained a marked enhancement, compared with the PM. There was a little change in the SIM/Soluplus SD during a 3-month storage period (40 °C, 75%), indicating the good physicochemical stability. The extruded Soluplus system prepared by HME is a good alternative for the water-insoluble SIM to improve the stability and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yanfei Luo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Qing Yao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yue Zhong
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Bin Tian
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xing Tang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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