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Liu Y, Chen H, Yang G, Feng F. Metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry combined with network pharmacology uncover the potential effective ingredients and mechanisms of Yin-Chen-Si-Ni Decoction treating ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118713. [PMID: 39163894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Si-Ni Decoction is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that is used clinically for treating cholestatic liver injury (CLI) and other hepatic diseases. However, the material basis and underlying mechanisms of YCSND are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate effective components and mechanisms of YCSND in the treatment of CLI using serum pharmacochemistry, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biochemical indicators, liver index, and histopathology analysis were adopted to evaluate the protective effect of YCSND on ANIT-induced CLI rats. Then, a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS analysis of the migrant components in serum and liver including prototype and metabolic components was performed in YCSND. In addition, a study of the endogenous metabolites using serum and liver metabolomics was performed to discover potential biomarkers, metabolic pathways, and associated mechanisms. Further, the network pharmacology oriented by in vivo migrant components was also used to pinpoint the active ingredients, core targets, and signaling pathways of YCSND. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were used to predict the binding ability between components and core targets, and a real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) experiment was used to measure the mRNA expression of the core target genes. RESULTS Pharmacodynamic studies suggest that YCSND could exert obvious hepatoprotective effects on CLI rats. Furthermore, 68 compounds, comprising 32 prototype components and 36 metabolic components from YCSND, were found by serum pharmacochemistry analysis. Network pharmacology combining molecular docking and MDS showed that apigenin, naringenin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and isoformononetin have better binding ability to 6 core targets (EGFR, AKT1, IL6, MMP9, CASP3, PPARG). Additionally, PI3K, TNF-α, MAPK3, and six core target genes in liver tissues were validated with RT-qPCR. Metabolomics revealed the anti-CLI effects of YCSND by regulating four metabolic pathways of primary bile acid and biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology identified four pathways related to CLI, including the PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathway, which revealed multiple mechanisms of YCSND against CLI that might involve anti-inflammatory and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The research based on serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and metabolomics demonstrates the beneficial hepatoprotective effects of YCSND on CLI rats by regulating multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, and provides a potent means of illuminating the material basis and mechanisms of TCM prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Chen L, Huang D, Jiang L, Yang J, Shi X, Wang R, Li W. A review of botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and applications of the herb with the homology of medicine and food: Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1330732. [PMID: 38933667 PMCID: PMC11199554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1330732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton is an outstanding herb with the homology of medicine and food. Its ripe fruits are traditionally used as an important tonic for kidneys and liver in China. Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton is rich in nutritional components and a variety of bioactive ingredients. A total of 206 compounds have been isolated and identified, they mainly include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, iridoid glycosides, and triterpenoids. These compounds exert anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, liver protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton has been traditionally used to treat many complex diseases, including osteoporotic bone pain, rheumatic bone, cancer, related aging symptoms, and so on. In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there are more than 100 prescriptions containing L. lucidum W.T. Aiton. Among them, some classical preparations including Er Zhi Wan and Zhenqi fuzheng formula, are used in the treatment of various cancers with good therapeutic effects. Additionally, L. lucidum W.T. Aiton has also many excellent applications for functional food, ornamental plants, bioindicator of air pollution, algicidal agents, and feed additives. Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton has rich plant resources. However, the application potential of it has not been fully exploited. We hope that this paper provides a theoretical basis for the high-value and high-connotation development of L. lucidum W.T. Aiton in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Huang
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
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Chen C, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. An integrated strategy to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC and Paeonia lactiflora Pall for treating depression based on correlation analysis between serum chemical components profiles and endogenous metabolites profiles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116068. [PMID: 36574791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleurum chinense DC-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (BCD-PLP) is a common clinical herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions commonly used to treat depression. However, its combination mechanisms with its anti-depressive effects remain highly unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC (BCD) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PLP) by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the depression model rats were replicated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, and the difference in the chemical composition in vivo before and after the combination of BCD and PLP was analyzed by integrating background subtraction and multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Then, UPLC/HRMS-based serum metabolomics was performed to analyze the synergistic effect on metabolite regulation before and after the combination of BCD and PLP. Further, the correlation analysis between the differential exogenous chemical components and the differential endogenous metabolites before and after the combination was employed to dissect the combination mechanisms from a global perspective of combining metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. Finally, the molecular docking between the differential chemical components and the key metabolic enzymes was applied to verify the regulatory effect of the differential exogenous chemical components on the differential endogenous metabolites. RESULTS The serum pharmacochemistry analysis results demonstrated that the combination of BCD and PLP could significantly affect the content of 10 components in BCD (including 5 prototype components were significantly decreased and 5 metabolites were significantly increased) and 8 components in PLP (including 4 prototype components and 3 metabolites were significantly increased, 1 metabolite was significantly decreased), which indicated that the combination could enhance BCD prototype components' metabolism and the absorption of the PLP prototype components. Besides, metabolomics results indicated that the BCD-PLP herb pair group significantly reversed more metabolites (8) than BCD and PLP single herb group (5 & 4) and has a stronger regulatory effect on metabolite disorders caused by CUMS. Furthermore, the correlation analysis results suggested that saikogenin F and saikogenin G were significantly positively correlated with the endogenous metabolite itaconate, an endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolite; and benzoic acid was significantly positively correlated with D-serine, an endogenous metabolite with an antidepressant effect. Finally, the molecular docking results further confirmed that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the in vivo concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid, which further enhances its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-depressive effect. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of BCD and PLP by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. Based on this strategy, the present study indicated that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid in vivo, which further enhances its anti-depressive effect. In short, this strategy will provide a reliable method for elucidating the herb-herb compatibility mechanism of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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Fu J, Qin W, Cao LQ, Chen ZS, Cao HL. Advances in receptor chromatography for drug discovery and drug-receptor interaction studies. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103576. [PMID: 37003514 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptor chromatography involves high-throughput separation and accurate drug screening based on specific drug-receptor recognition and affinity, which has been widely used to screen active compounds in complex samples. This review summarizes the immobilization methods for receptors from three aspects: random covalent immobilization methods, site-specific covalent immobilization methods and dual-target receptor chromatography. Meanwhile, it focuses on its applications from three angles: screening active compounds in natural products, in natural-product-derived DNA-encoded compound libraries and drug-receptor interactions. This review provides new insights for the design and application of receptor chromatography, high-throughput and accurate drug screening, drug-receptor interactions and more. Teaser: This review summarizes the immobilization methods of receptors and the application of receptor chromatography, which will provide new insights for the design and application of receptor chromatography, rapid drug screening, drug-receptor interactions and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Basic and Translation of Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease, College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Basic and Translation of Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease, College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu-Qi Cao
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, NY, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, NY, USA.
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Basic and Translation of Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease, College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Modern research thoughts and methods on bio-active components of TCM formulae. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:481-493. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Paramashivam SK, Dhiraviam KN. Identification of an Active Biomarker in the Serum of Rats Treated with Indigofera aspalathoides Extract and the Anticancer Potential of Rat Serum Metabolite. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yeo EJ, Shin MJ, Yeo HJ, Choi YJ, Sohn EJ, Lee LR, Kwon HJ, Cha HJ, Lee SH, Lee S, Yu YH, Kim DS, Kim DW, Park J, Han KH, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-thioredoxin 1 reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating MAPK signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1395. [PMID: 34650643 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) serves a central role in redox homeostasis. It is involved in numerous other processes, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of Trx1 in inflammation remains to be explored. The present study investigated the function and mechanism of cell permeable fused Tat-Trx1 protein in macrophages and a mouse model. Transduction levels of Tat-Trx1 were determined via western blotting. Cellular distribution of transduced Tat-Trx1 was determined by fluorescence microscopy. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate and TUNEL staining were performed to determine the production of reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation. Protein and gene expression were measured by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. Effects of skin inflammation were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, changes in ear weight and ear thickness, and RT-qPCR in ear edema animal models. Transduced Tat-Trx1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and activation of NF-κB, MAPK and Akt. Additionally, Tat-Trx1 markedly reduced the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. In a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced mouse model, Tat-Trx1 reduced inflammatory damage by inhibiting inflammatory mediator and cytokine production. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Tat-Trx1 could exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and by modulating MAPK signaling. Therefore, Tat-Trx1 may be a useful therapeutic agent for diseases induced by inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Re Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Genesen Inc., Seoul 06181, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghou Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Yu
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Pan J, Cao Z, Fang C, Lei Y, Sun J, Huang X, Han D. Huangqi Shengmai Yin Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis by Activating Sirtuin3 and Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722530. [PMID: 34483934 PMCID: PMC8414644 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an important pathological process in which a variety of cardiovascular diseases transform into heart failure. The main manifestation of MF is the excessive deposition of collagen in the myocardium. Here, we explored whether Huangqi Shengmai Yin (HSY) can inhibit isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial collagen deposition in rats, thereby reducing the cardiac dysfunction caused by MF. The results of echocardiography showed that HSY upregulated fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and reduced the left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the rats with MF. Pathological results showed that HSY protected myocardium, inhibited apoptosis, and effectively reduced collagen deposition. HSY also inhibited the expression of collagen I and III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the heart tissue. HSY increased the expression of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and inhibited the protein levels of the components in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. At the same time, it also regulated the expression of related proteins in the matrix metalloproteinases family. In summary, HSY played a therapeutic role in rats with ISO-induced MF by protecting myocardium and inhibiting collagen deposition. Therefore, HSY is a potential therapeutic agent for ameliorating MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanhong Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunqiu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Liu N, Zhang GX, Niu YT, Wang Q, Zheng J, Yang JM, Sun T, Niu JG, Yu JQ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo through regulating the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:8537-8546. [PMID: 33084638 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo in mice and explored the possible related mechanisms. Xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability tests were used in investigating the anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-nociceptive effects of indigo were assessed through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, and formalin test, and spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance were evaluated. The mechanisms of activities of indigo were explored by evaluating the expression levels of IκB kinase (IKK)β, p-IKKβ, inhibitor κB (IκB)α, p-IκBα, p65 nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) through western blotting and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that indigo significantly reduced xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeation. In addition, indigo significantly inhibited nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. However, the level of nociception was not decreased by indigo in the hot plate test, and indigo did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance. The expression levels of p-IKKβ, p-IκBα, p65 NF-kB, p-p65 NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 decreased, whereas the expression level of IκBα increased obviously after indigo treatment. In conclusion, indigo exerts significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation and reducing the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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Sun W, Zhang J, Zhou C, Yan B, Cai Q, He H, Duan X, Fan H. Differential Analysis of Serum Principal Components Treated with Compound Sophora Decoction and Related Compounds Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7518479. [PMID: 33062021 PMCID: PMC7545453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7518479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences in the serum principal components in ulcerative colitis- (UC-) induced rats, treated with compound Sophora decoction, matrine, oxymatrine monomer mixture, and indirubin monomer, and to provide a modern scientific basis for elucidating the clinical efficacy of compound Sophora decoction for the treatment of UC. METHODS The serum samples of rats from each group were obtained after drug administration, and the serum principal components of each group were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 chromatographic column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 m) was used for separation. The mobile phase was water (A) and methanol (B) (0.1% formic acid) gradient elution, 0-3 min (B: 20%-40%), 3-10 min (B: 40%-54%), 10-25 min (B: 54%), 25-35 min (B: 54%-70%), 35-45 min (B: 70%-80%), 45-50 min (B: 80%), 50-60 min (B: 80%-100%), 70-72 min (B: 100%-20%), and 72-77 min (B: 20%); flow rate, 300 μL/min; column temperature, 40°C; and injection volume, 10 μL. ESI source was selected and scanned in the positive and negative ion modes. The scanning range was 70-1500 m/z; ion-source gas 1 (GS1): 55 psi; ion-source gas 2 (GS2): 60 psi; CUR: 30 psi; ion-source temperature (TEM): 550°C; ion-source voltage (ISVF) : 5500 V/-4500 V; decluster voltage (DP): 100 V; collision energy (CE): 35 V/-35 V; collision energy gain (CES) : 15 V/-15 V; and data acquisition mode: IDA. After the data from each group were imported into MarkView 1.3, the molecular weights and retention times of different substances were obtained and qualitatively analyzed by ChemSpider and PeakView 2.0. RESULTS In the negative ion mode, 26 differential compounds were identified in the compound Sophora decoction group (FFKST) compared to the model group (M), and 18 differential compounds were identified in the matrine and oxymatrine group (KST) compared to the model group (M). In the positive ion mode, 11 and 7 differential compounds were identified in the compound Sophora decoction group (FFKST) and the matrine and oxymatrine group (KST) compared to the model group (M), respectively. The responses of all compounds in each group were compared with each other. As the different principal component substances in the indirubin group (DYH) displayed little correlation with other groups, the different components in this group were not researched thoroughly. CONCLUSION By comparing the differences in the serum principal components from each administration group, we found that the FFKST group exhibited enhanced synthesis of the serum principal components; however, the compound doses of matrine and oxymatrine monomers did not exhibit the same changes in the serum principal components of UC-induced rats. Finally, the traditional Chinese medicine compound is more advantageous than monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Conghui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongxia He
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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11
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Huang J, Rui W, Wu J, Ye M, Huang L, Chen H. Strategies for determining the bioactive ingredients of honey-processed Astragalus by serum pharmacochemistry integrated with multivariate statistical analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2061-2072. [PMID: 32135024 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Honey-processed Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has a better effect on reinforcing "Qi" (vital energy) than the raw one. A comparative study of metabolites analysis between them in rat serum for finding the bioactive ingredients was carried out using serum pharmacochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. The blood collection methods and time were optimized first. Then the prototypes and metabolites in serum samples after oral administration were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry integrated with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of metabolites were also analyzed to evaluate the metabolic profile differences. As a result, nine prototypes and 36 metabolites were identified. Only two prototypes and 15 metabolites were different between raw and honey-processed Astragalus. Their biotransformation reactions contained the process of oxidation, demethylation, and hydrolysis in phase I and glucuronide conjugation or sulfate conjugation in phase II. Most of the detected metabolites were transformed from isoflavones and isoflavanes. Our results expand the knowledge about the influence of honey-processing on Astragalus and suggest the different curative effects between raw and honey-processed Astragalus might due to their therapeutic material discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen Rui
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiacai Wu
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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12
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Chang SN, Khan I, Dey DK, Cho KH, Hwang BS, Bae KB, Kang SC, Park JG. Decursinol angelate ameliorates 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) -induced NF-κB activation on mice ears by inhibiting exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110699. [PMID: 31351099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decursinol angelate (DA) is a pyranocoumarin purified from the roots of Angelica gigas. Here, we synthesized DA and determined its anti-inflammatory potential on TPA-induced mice ear inflammation. First, we evaluated the non-toxic behaviour of DA on HaCaT cells. Additionally, we observed the free radical scavenging potential of DA at 60 μM to be 50%. This finding was further supported by nitric oxide assay, malondialdehyde assay, H2DCFDA staining and western blotting analysis of antioxidant enzymes. DA also suppressed the activation and polarization of macrophage phagocytic activity on RAW 264.7 cells. We further evaluated the expression of ICAM-1, MCP-1, MIP-2 and MIP-1β on in-vivo model system. Consequently, DA significantly reduced the production of NF-κB and COX-2 induced proinflammatory cytokine levels on TPA induced ear edema. Inhibition of MAPK and transcriptional factor NF-κB was also validated by western blotting analysis of p-ERK, p-p38, IKKα, IKKγ, IκBα, NF-κB-p65. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of NFκB-p65, TNF-α and IL-1β were also performed to support the findings. Conclusively, these results suggest that topical administration of DA significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the canonical NF-κB and MAPK pathway. Therefore, we suggest DA as a potent therapeutic compound against skin inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Research group, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry(GIB), Andong, 36728, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyng Su Hwang
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Bae
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37668, Republic of Korea
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13
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Luo TT, Lu Y, Yan SK, Xiao X, Rong XL, Guo J. Network Pharmacology in Research of Chinese Medicine Formula: Methodology, Application and Prospective. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:72-80. [PMID: 30941682 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) is usually prescribed as CM formula to treat disease. The lack of effective research approach makes it difficult to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CM formula owing to its complicated chemical compounds. Network pharmacology is increasingly applied in CM formula research in recent years, which is identified suitable for the study of CM formula. In this review, we summarized the methodology of network pharmacology, including network construction, network analysis and network verification. The aim of constructing a network is to achieve the interaction between the bioactive compounds and targets and the interaction between various targets, and then find out and validate the key nodes via network analysis and network verification. Besides, we reviewed the application in CM formula research, mainly including targets discovery, bioactive compounds screening, toxicity evaluation, mechanism research and quality control research. Finally, we proposed prospective in the future and limitations of network pharmacology, expecting to provide new strategy and thinking on study for CM formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shi-Kai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Rong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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14
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Huang J, Chen H, Li C, Liu W, Ma W, Rui W. Screening and Identification of the Metabolites of Water Extracts of Raw and Honey-Processed Astragalus in Rat Urine Based on UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1919-1935. [PMID: 29931491 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and honey-processed Astragalus is a product of Radix Astragali acquired by honey-processing. These two products are widely utilized to treat various diseases. In this study, we screened bioactive components and metabolites of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. In total, 62 compounds, including 7 parent compounds and 55 metabolites, were detected and 11 metabolites were characterized for the first time. The identified metabolites indicated that the metabolic reactions of Astragalus in rats included hydroxylation, glucuronidation, deglucosidation, monomethylation, demethylation, sulfation, hydrogenation, and dehydroxylation. The metabolic pathways of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine also were clarified. Through multivariate statistical analysis of the data of the raw and honey-processed Astragalus groups, we found that 20 compounds were differential components and that 1 metabolite only existed in the honey-processed Astragalus group. The differences in these ingredients between these two groups might provide the basis for interpreting the biologic activity differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatments. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanyi Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Liu
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF- κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1089028. [PMID: 28811678 PMCID: PMC5547712 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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16
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Wang HL, Li YX, Niu YT, Zheng J, Wu J, Shi GJ, Ma L, Niu Y, Sun T, Yu JQ. Observing Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Activities of Glycyrrhizin Through Regulating COX-2 and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Expressions in Mice. Inflammation 2016; 38:2269-78. [PMID: 26178479 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of glycyrrhizin (GL) in mice and to explore the possible related mechanisms. Xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of GL in mice. Anti-nociceptive effects of GL were assessed by using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test and formalin test, as well as evaluation of spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS) and the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were explored by using real-time fluorogenic PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that GL significantly reduced xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeation. Additionally, GL significantly inhibited the nociceptions induced by acetic acid and formalin. However, the nociceptions could not be decreased by GL in the hot plate test, and GL did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity and motor performance. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 were significantly downregulated by GL. In conclusion, GL exerts significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by attenuating the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ya-Ting Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guang-Jiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. .,Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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17
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Guo Z, Xu HY, Xu L, Wang SS, Zhang XM. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS OF ASTRAGALUS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 13:60-73. [PMID: 28852721 PMCID: PMC5566160 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Astragali Radix has long been used to improve immune function in
traditional Chinese medicine. However, its main active components and potential
immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory activities have not been elucidated. In the
present study, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of total flavonoids
of Astragalus (TFA) isolated from Astragali Radix were
evaluated by using in vivo animal models and in vitro
cell models. Materials and Methods: The in vivo Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of TFA
were assessed by measuring macrophage phagocytic index, delayed type hypersensitivity,
serum hemolysin level and immune organ index in mice, ear edema test in mice, paw edema
test in rats, vascular permeability test in mice and granuloma test in rats. The
in vitro Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of TFA
were assessed by examining its effect on cytokine and mediator production in
un-stimulated and LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: The results of in vivo experiments showed that TFA enhanced macrophage
phagocytic index, delayed type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and immune organ
index in mice, and attenuated mouse ear edema, rat paw edema, mouse vascular
permeability and rat granuloma formation. The results of in vitro
experiments showed that TFA stimulated the production of NO and cytokine TNF-α,
IL-Ιβ, IL-6 and IFN-γ in un-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and
inhibited the overproduction of these inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7
macrophages in a dose-dependent manner without exerting cytotoxicity. Conclusion: These results of this study indicate that TFA have potential immunostimulatory and
anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Guo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Animal Medicine, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
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18
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Hu Y, Kong W, Luo H, Zhao L, Yang M. Dynamic variation of bioactive compounds and aflatoxins in contaminated Radix Astragali during extraction process. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1571-1579. [PMID: 25974204 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing attention has been paid to the health threat caused by mycotoxins in commodities such as food or medicines, mycotoxin transfer processes from crude material to products have raised little concern so far. Radix Astragali is a commonly used edible and medicinal herbal plant that is susceptible to contamination with aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus. There have been no studies on mycotoxin transfer into pharmaceutical preparations or derivative products. RESULTS To facilitate the aflatoxin reduction and bioactivity retention, the dynamic variations of aflatoxins as well as herbal compounds, namely calycosin-7-glucoside, astragaloside and formononetin, in Radix Astragali contaminated by A. flavus during water decoction and ethanol refluxing treatments were evaluated simultaneously by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry method. After the extraction processes, although the amount of alfatoxins was reduced remarkably, aflatoxin residuals in preparation still exceed recommended limits, manifesting the great need to establish a limit for aflatoxins in herbal extractions or derivative products. Meanwhile, due to the hydrolysis of glucoside, water decoction period should be no longer than 4 h. CONCLUSIONS This investigation would benefit from the determination of the dynamic variation of aflatoxins in infected herbs in preparation treatments, in order to further develop aflatoxin limits in herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lianhua Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Abstract
Constipation is characterized by a variety of bowel symptoms such as difficulty passing stool, hard stool, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation. The multifactorial causes of constipation limit the clinical efficacy of current conventional treatments that use a single drug that acts through only one pathway. To complement the shortcomings of the current Western medical model and provide a complete holistic approach, herbal medicines capable of targeting multiple organs and cellular sites may be used. In Japan, many herbs and herbal combinations have traditionally been used as foods and medicines. Currently, Japanese physicians use standardized herbal combinations that provide consistent and essential quality and quantity. This review highlights representative Japanese herbal medicines (JHMs), Rhei rhizoma-based JHMs including Daiokanzoto and Mashiningan, and Kenchuto-based JHMs including Keishikashakuyakuto and Daikenchuto, which coordinate the motility of the alimentary tract. This review provides a framework to better understand the clinical and pharmacological efficacies of JHMs on constipation according to the unique theory of Japanese traditional medicine, known as Kampo medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Iizuka
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Yamaguchi University Hospital , Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University , Ube, Japan
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20
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Liu M, Li P, Zeng X, Wu H, Su W, He J. Identification and pharmacokinetics of multiple potential bioactive constituents after oral administration of radix astragali on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5047-71. [PMID: 25751722 PMCID: PMC4394464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is one of the commonly-used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with an immunomodulatory effect confirmed in the clinic. In order to better understand the material basis for the therapeutic effects, this study was to investigate the absorbed components and their pharmacokinetic profile after oral administration of RA on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. As a result, 51 compounds in RA extract and 31 prototype compounds with nine metabolites were detected in mice plasma by the ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC)-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of five main constituents, including calycosin-7-O-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin and astragaloside IV, were obtained using HPLC-MS/MS. These results offered useful information for research on the pharmacological mechanism of RA and for its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huanxian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jingyu He
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Li S, Zhang M, Hou P, Zhang R, Hou C, Bi K, Chen X. Identification of the toxic components in Semen Strychni and their metabolites in rat serum by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive high-resolution benchtop quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheme of the identification of components in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | | | - Ruowen Zhang
- Stem Cell Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
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22
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Tsang SW, Bian ZX. Anti-fibrotic and Anti-tumorigenic Effects of Rhein, a Natural Anthraquinone Derivative, in Mammalian Stellate and Carcinoma Cells. Phytother Res 2014; 29:407-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wai Tsang
- Cancer and inflammation Center, School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Cancer and inflammation Center, School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Hong Kong
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Wang QS, Yang L, Cui WY, Chen L, Jiang YH. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of methanol extract from aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii Mukerjee. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89149. [PMID: 24598860 PMCID: PMC3943724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of the methanol extract from the aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii (MEAP) and to explore the possible related mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effects of MEAP were evaluated by using the ear edema test induced by dimethylbenzene and vascular permeability test induced by acetic acid. Anti-nociceptive activities of MEAP were evaluated by the chemical nociception in models of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced hind paw licking, and by the thermal nociception in hot plate tests. Mechanisms of MEAP activities also were explored by evaluating expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS induced by LPS using real-time fluorogenic PCR and expression of COX-2 using Western blotting and an open-field test. The results indicated that the MEAP administered orally could significantly decrease ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene and increase vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. Additionally, the nociceptions induced by acetic acid and formalin were significantly inhibited. The anti-nociceptive effect could not be decreased by naloxone in the formalin test, and MEAP did not affect the normal autonomic activities of mice. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) induced by LPS were decreased obviously by treatment with MEAP. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horns of the pain model mice induced by formalin was significantly down-regulated by MEAP. In conclusion, MEAP has significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, and the mechanisms may be related to the down-regulated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Wang
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Yao Cui
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Jiang
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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