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Liu F, Shen Y, Li J, Bi L, Ye X, Li Y, Zhi D. Characteristics of ginsenoside Rd-induced effects on rat intestinal contractility with irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3152-3157. [PMID: 36412543 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2146686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common refractory disease. Its exact pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear. Despite the availability of plentiful drugs to control IBS, most patients do not respond well. Ginsenoside Rd is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng, which has been verified to produce various pharmacological actions. However, the role of ginsenoside Rd in modulating smooth muscle contractility is still undefined. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rd on intestinal contractility and related mechanisms in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Bi
- Department of Obstetrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Department of Medical Administration, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Du Zhi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang Y, Li ZY, Shao JJ, Wang G, Wen R, Tian JZ, Hou L. Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn.: A comprehensive review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113123. [PMID: 32783986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. is a perennial evergreen shrub or low arbor in the Genus Callicarpa. Its dried aerial parts are used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Luo-hua-zi-zhu (Callicarpa nudiflora), which has been widely used in anti-bacteria and anti-ulcer in China (Commission, 2015; Development, 1994; Ming-Sheng, 2008). AIM OF THE STUDY The present paper reviewed findings in phytochemistry and pharmacology of Callicarpa nudiflora. METHODS Chinese and English studies on Callicarpa nudiflora were collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, and CNKI (Chinese), and the phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Callicarpa nudiflora were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 300 small molecules, 173 of which are volatile oils, have been isolated from Callicarpa nudiflora. These small molecules could be divided into seven structural types - phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, triterpenes, diterpenes, iridoid glycosides, volatile oils, and other small molecules. Different types of compounds in Callicarpa nudiflora were summarized as follow: a) diterpenoid compounds can inhibit the generation of nitric oxide (NO) for exerting the function of anti-inflammation; b) triterpene compounds can play a role of anti-thrombus via inhibiting platelet aggregation and oleanane type and arbutane type pentacyclic triterpenes have the hepatoprotective activities; c) iridoid glycosides have cytotoxicity to tumor cells, and phenylpropanoids compounds have an antioxidant effect and could improve the function of memory. Our group further studied the antiviral activities of Callicarpa nudiflora finding that it has significant effects on RSV, EV71, COXB5, and HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China.
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Jun-Jing Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Rou Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China
| | - Jing-Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China.
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266041, China.
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Wuda granule, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, ameliorates postoperative ileus by anti-inflammatory action. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152605. [PMID: 31974003 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI) is a temporary disturbance in gastrointestinal motility following surgery, and intestinal inflammatory response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of POI. Wuda granule (WDG), a gastrointestinal prokinetic Chinese herbal medicine, is prescribed to promote recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal surgery. However, it has remained unclear whether WDG shows anti-inflammatory effects in POI. In the present study, we investigated the effects of WDG in a rat POI model and attempted to clarify the detailed mechanisms of action. METHOD Experimental POI was induced in adult male SD rats by intestinal manipulation (IM). WDG were orally administered after surgery at the same points (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h). Histological changes of mesenterium, levels of cytokines, and CD68 and iNOS expression were determined in rats treated or not with WDG. We also investigated the transcriptome profile of rats treated with WDG in a POI model. RESULTS Experimental POI in rats was characterized by a marked intestinal and systemic inflammatory response. WDG significantly inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced the levels of IL-6, and CRP, and inhibited protein expressions of CD68 and iNOS in mesentery. Comparison analysis showed that there are 1432 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the POI and CON sample, whereas 331 DEGs between the WDG -treated sample and the POI group. And 16 DEGs were shared by the POI vs CON and WDG vs POI groups, among which 6 hub genes associated with immune system processes were identified and verified. CONCLUSIONS WDG treatment ameliorates the impaired gastrointestinal motility in the rat model of POI through inhibiting the inflammatory response of mesentery.
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Zhang FH, Wang ZM, Liu YT, Huang JS, Liang S, Wu HH, Xu YT. Bioactivities of serotonin transporter mediate antidepressant effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111967. [PMID: 31128148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acrorus tatarinowii Schott has been widely used in the treatments of neuropsychiatric and digestive disorders in clinical practices of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Both clinical and preclinical studies demonstrated antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii. However, the possible action mechanisms of antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii remain unraveled. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the roles of serotonin transporter (SERT) in antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antidepressant effects of water extract of A. tatarinowii were evaluated by forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and locomotor activity test. The water extract was analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Two major fractions of A. tatarinowii, petroleum ether extract and water extract after petroleum ether processed, were prepared and analyzed by UPLC method. Further, volatile oil extracted by ether extraction, solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and hydro-distillation were compared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method. Finally, major constituents of water extract of A. tatarinowii were isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Effects of all of the above mentioned samples on SERT activity were tested by a high content assay (HCA). RESULTS Results of FST, TST and locomotor activity confirmed that water extract of A. tatarinowii significantly decreased mice immobility time but did not change mice locomotor activity. UPLC analysis results revealed that the water extract contained trace amount of β-asarone (0.0004206%) and α-asarone (0.0001918%). HCA results demonstrated that the water extract significantly enhanced SERT activity at 100 μg/mL. Further, GC-MS and UPLC analyses revealed that petroleum ether extract contained high content of β-asarone (45.63%) and α-asarone (12.50%). GC-MS analysis results demonstrated that the volatile oil extracted by ether extraction, SPME and hydro-distillation contained similar major components. HCA results verified that the petroleum ether extract significantly enhanced SERT activity at 1.56 μg/mL. Moreover, UPLC analysis of water extract after petroleum ether processed did not show any characteristic peaks. HCA results demonstrated that this extract significantly inhibited SERT activity at 50-100 μg/mL. Finally, phytochemistry investigation on the water extract of A. tatarinowii afforded seven constituents including veratric acid (9), anisic acid (7), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (3), trans-isoferulic acid (2), 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (6) and syringic acid (13). Their structures were established on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometer (MS) data and comparative UPLC analyses. HCA results demonstrated the major components of the water extract of A. tatarinowii demonstrated SERT enhancement/inhibition activities. CONCLUSIONS This study first systematically demonstrated the roles of SERT activity in antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii, including water extract, major fractions and main constituents. These results revealed that A. tatarinowii could regulate SERT activities in bidirectional ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hong Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Sheng Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Ji HJ, Kang N, Chen T, Lv L, Ma XX, Wang FY, Tang XD. Shen-ling-bai-zhu-san, a spleen-tonifying Chinese herbal formula, alleviates lactose-induced chronic diarrhea in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:355-362. [PMID: 30071269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen-ling-bai-zhu-san (SLBZS) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" in Song-dynasty. It has been widely used for treating gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea with poor appetite for about 900 years. The present study is to observe the effects of SLBZS on high lactose diet-induced chronic diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to a high lactose diet to induce chronic diarrhea, which were then administrated with SLBZS or smecta. General symptom, body weight, food consumption, water intake and fecal fluid content were recorded every day. The intestinal absorption function was determined by d-xylose uptake assay. The ultrastructures of intestine segments including jejunum, ileum, proximal and distal colon were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, sodium transport proteins including γ-epithelial sodium channel (ENAC-γ) and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (ATP1A1) in distal colon were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Diarrheal rats produced watery or loose, sticky feces, and presented inactiveness and grouping. A high lactose diet caused a significant decline in body weight, serum d-xylose level as well as food consumption rather than water intake. In contrast, general symptoms were improved to a certain extent and body weight loss was alleviated in the rats treated by SLBZS for one week. Fecal fluid content in diarrheal rats treated by SLBZS presented a gradual decrease trend with about 55% in the end, which was significantly less than the model group with about 81%. Meanwhile, SLBZS significantly improved the serum d-xylose level and reversed abnormal changes of tight junctions and microvilli in intestine. Additionally, SLBZS significantly modulated the abnormal expressions of ENAC-γ and ATP1A1 in distal colon of diarrheal rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that SLBZS exhibited ameliorating effects against lactose-induced diarrhea, which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as mucosal ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jie Ji
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiang-Xue Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Kim JE, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi YS, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Anti-Inflammatory Response and Muscarinic Cholinergic Regulation during the Laxative Effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040946. [PMID: 30795644 PMCID: PMC6412595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - You Sang Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 361-763, Korea.
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
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Connection between Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation Underlies Neuroprotective Mechanism of Several Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1972714. [PMID: 30402203 PMCID: PMC6196798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1972714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and a substantial portion of elderly population at risk of these diseases requires nutritional intervention to benefit health due to lack of clinically relevant drugs. To this end, anti-inflammatory mechanisms of several phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and ginsenosides have been extensively studied. However, correlation of the phytochemicals with neuroinflammation or brain nutrition is not fully considered, especially in their therapeutic mechanism for neuronal damage or dysfunction. In this article, we review the advance in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals and discuss the potential communication with brain microenvironment by improved gastrointestinal function, enhanced systemic immunity, and neuroprotective outcomes. These data show that phytochemicals may modulate and suppress neuroinflammation of the brain by several approaches: (1) reducing systemic inflammation and infiltration via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), (2) direct permeation into the brain parenchyma leading to neuroprotection, (3) enhancing integrity of disrupted BBB, and (4) vagal reflex-mediated nutrition and protection by gastrointestinal function signaling to the brain. Therefore, many phytochemicals have multiple potential neuroprotective approaches contributing to therapeutic benefit for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and development of strategies for preventing these diseases represents a considerable public health concern and socioeconomic burden.
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Jiang Z, Cao LX, Liu B, Chen QC, Shang WF, Zhou L, Li DY, Guo DA, Chen ZQ. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Xiangbin prescription on gastrointestinal motility. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2987-2994. [PMID: 28522917 PMCID: PMC5413794 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Xiangbin prescription (XBP), a Chinese herbal concoction, on gastrointestinal motility.
METHODS Forty healthy volunteers were recruited for this randomized controlled trial of XBP. Antroduodenojejunal manometry was used to monitor gastrointestinal motility in these subjects. After the subjects had fasted for at least 12 h, XBP (n = 30) or placebo (n = 10) was orally administrated and gastrointestinal motility was recorded for 4 h. Plasma motilin and ghrelin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS Oral administration of XBP significantly increased the amplitude of duodenal contractions [19.5 (13.0-26.7) vs 16.9 (12.3-23.9), P < 0.05], jejunal contractions [18.3 (15.3-25.0) vs 15.4 (11.7-23.9), P < 0.01], and the motility index of duodenal contractions [522.0 (146.0-139.0) vs 281.0 (76.5-1006.0), P < 0.01] in phase II of the migratory motor complex (MMC), which subsequently initiated the MMC cycle [74.0 (30.0-118.0) vs 116.5 (24.0-219.0), P < 0.05], shortened the duration of phase I of the MMC [42.0 (0.0-90.0) vs 111.5 (42.0-171.0), P < 0.01], and lengthened the duration of phase II of the MMC [120 (21-240) vs 58 (16-170), P < 0.01] compared to the duration before XBP administration. There were significant differences in the amplitude of jejunal contractions [19.8 (14.0-30.0) vs 18.0 (13.0-28.5), P < 0.05], the motility index of duodenal contractions [236.0 (115.0-306.0) vs 195.0 (109.0-310.0), P < 0.05)], and jejunal contractions [214.0 (95.0-403.0) vs 178.0 (55.0-304.0), P < 0.01] in phase III of the MMC. Oral administration of XBP greatly increased plasma motilin (57.69 ± 9.03 vs 49.38 ± 8.63, P < 0.01) and ghrelin (279.20 ± 104.31 vs 238.73 ± 115.59, P < 0.01) concentrations compared to concentrations after oral administration of the placebo.
CONCLUSION XBP can stimulate duodenal and jejunal motility and increase the concentrations of plasma motilin and ghrelin. The clinical applicability of XBP in treating GDIM deserves investigation.
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Li L, Zhou YF, Li YL, Wang LL, Arai H, Xu Y. In vitro and in vivo antioxidative and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Cortex Dictamni. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2912-2927. [PMID: 28522909 PMCID: PMC5413786 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract (CDAE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.
METHODS The in vitro antioxidant effect of CDAE was investigated using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays. A linoleic acid system, including ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays, was used to evaluate the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of CDAE against CCl4-induced liver damage were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Silymarin was used as a positive control. Liver damage was assessed by determining hepatic histopathology and liver marker enzymes in serum. Enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels and lipid peroxide content were measured in the liver. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression was measured via immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (γ-GCSc) protein expression was measured by Western blot.
RESULTS Our results showed that CDAE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro. CDAE scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. CDAE inhibited lipid peroxidation with a lipid peroxide inhibition rate of 40.6% ± 5.2%. In the FTC and TBA assays, CDAE significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01). In vivo histopathological studies indicated that CCl4-induced liver injury was alleviated following CDAE treatment in rats of both sexes. CDAE (160 and 320 mg/kg) significantly prevented CCl4-induced elevations of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in rats of both sexes (P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Moreover, CDAE restored the decreased activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzyme antioxidant glutathione, which were induced by CCl4 treatment. CDAE significantly suppressed the up-regulation of CYP2E1 and promoted Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and γ-GCSc protein expression.
CONCLUSION CDAE exhibits good antioxidant performance in vitro, with marked radical-scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. CDAE is effective in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats of both sexes. The hepatoprotective activity of CDAE may be attributable to its antioxidant activity, which may involve Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation.
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