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Lyu F, Wang L, Jia Y, Wang Y, Qi H, Dai Z, Zhou X, Zhu H, Li B, Xu Y, Liu J. Analysis of Zinc and Stromal Immunity in Disuse Osteoporosis: Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomic Analysis. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:2947-2959. [PMID: 37752822 PMCID: PMC10622276 DOI: 10.1111/os.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disuse osteoporosis is known to be primarily caused by a lack of exercise. However, the causal relationships between zinc and immunity and disuse osteoporosis remain unknown. This study investigated these relationships and their potential mechanisms. METHODS This study was an integrative study combining genome-wide association studies and transcriptomics. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) was used to analyze the causal relationships between exposures (zinc, immunity, physical activity) and the outcome (osteoporosis) with the aid of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs). Four models, MR-Egger, inverse variance weighted, weighted median and MR-Pleiotrophy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MRPRESSO), were used to calculate odds ratio values. Sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses were also performed using MRPRESSO and MR-Egger methods. The mRNA transcriptomic analysis was subsequently conducted. Zinc metabolism scores were acquired through single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis algorithms. Stromal scores were obtained using the R Package "estimate" algorithms. Important Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology pathways were also derived through gene set variation analysis. Cytoscape software helped construct the transcription factor (TF)-mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) network. Virtual screening and molecular docking were performed. Polymerase chain reaction validation was also carried out in vivo. RESULTS Causal relationships were demonstrated between zinc and exercise (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-2.95, p = 0.001), exercise and immunity (95% CI = 0.36-0.80, p = 0.002), exercise and osteoporosis (95% CI = 0.97-0.99, p = 0.0007), and immunity disorder and osteoporosis (95% CI = 1.30-2.03, p = 0.00002). One hundred and seventy-nine mRNAs in important modules were screened. Combining the differential expressional genes (DEGs) and the Boruta selection, six DEGs were screened (AHNAK, CSF2, ADAMTS12, SRA1, RUNX2, and SLC39A14). TF HOXC10 and miRNA hsa-miR-204 were predicted. Then, the TF-mRNA-miRNA network was successfully constructed. RUNX2 and SLC39A14 were identified as hub mRNAs in the TF-mRNA-miRNA network. Eventually, the novel small drug C6O4NH5 was designed according to the pharmacophore structure of SLC39A14. The docking energy for the novel drug was -5.83 kcal/mol. SLC39A14 and RUNX2 were downregulated (of statistical significance p-value < 0.05) in our animal experiment. CONCLUSION This study revealed that zinc had a protective causal relationship with disuse osteoporosis by promoting exercise and immunity. SLC39A14 and RUNX2 mRNA participated in this zinc-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lyu
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
- Orthopedic Center (Sports Medicine Center)Inner Mongolia People's HospitalHohhotChina
| | - Li Wang
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yiming Jia
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of OrthopedicsChifeng Municipal HospitalChifengChina
| | - Yuanlin Wang
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Institute of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Haolan Qi
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhengxu Dai
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Haoran Zhu
- School of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXianChina
| | - Bing Li
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yujing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Liu
- College of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Joint SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
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Jabbarpour Z, Aghayan S, Arjmand B, Fallahzadeh K, Alavi-Moghadam S, Larijani B, Aghayan HR. Xeno-free protocol for GMP-compliant manufacturing of human fetal pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:268. [PMID: 35729640 PMCID: PMC9210668 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as an appropriate source for diabetes cell-based therapies. The high proliferation and differentiation capacity of fetal MSCs and the role of fetal pancreatic-derived MSCs (FPMSCs) in islet generation make them good candidates for diabetes treatment. To manufacture clinical-grade MSCs, animal-free culture protocols are preferred. The current study aimed to establish a xeno-free/GMP-compliant protocol for FPMSCs manufacturing. The focus was on the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) replacement with pooled human serum (HS). MATERIAL AND METHODS FPMSCs were isolated and expanded from the pancreas of legally aborted fetuses with few modifications in our previously established protocol. The cells were expanded in two different culture media, including DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS or 10% pooled HS. A side-by-side comparison was made to evaluate the effect of each serum on proliferation rate, cell cycle, senescence, multi-lineage differentiation capacity, immunophenotype, and tumorigenesis of FPMSCs. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis and three-lineage differentiation ability demonstrated that fibroblast-like cells obtained from primary culture had MSCs' characteristics. The FPMSCs displayed similar morphology and CD markers expression in both sera. HS had a higher proliferative effect on FPMSCs than FBS. In FBS, the cells reached senescence earlier. In addition to normal karyotypes and anchorage-dependent growth, in vivo tumor formation was not seen. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that HS was a better serum alternative than FBS for in vitro expansion of FPMSCs. Compared with FBS, HS increased FPMSCs' proliferation rate and decreased their senescence. In conclusion, HS can effectively replace FBS for clinical-grade FPMSCs manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jabbarpour
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Aghayan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Fallahzadeh
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran.
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Liao Y, Fang Y, Zhu H, Huang Y, Zou G, Dai B, Rausch MA, Shi B. Concentrated Growth Factors Promote hBMSCs Osteogenic Differentiation in a Co-Culture System With HUVECs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837295. [PMID: 35387306 PMCID: PMC8979293 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis is a complex physiologic process that occurs during bone regeneration. This process requires several growth factors that act on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a new-generation platelet-rich derivative that is an appealing autologous material for application in tissue repair and bone regenerative medicine because it contains a variety of fibrin and growth factors. In this study, the effects of CGF on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were explored with in vitro cell co-culture experiments. HBMSCs and HUVECs were directly co-cultured at the ratio of 1:2 under different concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10, 20%) of CGF for 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the effects of CGF on the expression of osteogenic genes (ALP, osteocalcin [OCN], type I collagen [COL-1], Runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2]) and connexin 43 (CX43). RNA sequencing was used to explore potential regulated genes and signaling pathways that affect the osteogenesis of co-cultured hBMSCs exposed to CGF. The results showed higher expressions of ALP, COL-1, RUNX2, OCN, and CX43 in the direct co-culture group containing 10% CGF compared to the direct co-culture group without CGF and the indirect co-culture group. In summary, 10% CGF can significantly promote osteogenesis in hBMSCs directly co-cultured with HUVECs. Intercellular communication between the direct co-culture of hBMSCs and HUVECs through CX43 may be one of the main regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youran Fang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanghang Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gengsen Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bowen Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Macro Aoqi Rausch
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Macro Aoqi Rausch, ; Bin Shi,
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Macro Aoqi Rausch, ; Bin Shi,
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García-Fernández C, López-Fernández A, Borrós S, Lecina M, Vives J. Strategies for large-scale expansion of clinical-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Plichta Z, Horák D, Mareková D, Turnovcová K, Kaiser R, Jendelová P. Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-Modified Magnetic γ-F 2 O 3 Nanoparticles Conjugated with Doxorubicin for Glioblastoma Treatment. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:96-104. [PMID: 31670889 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to develop a new anticancer agent, we prepared poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-methyl 2-methacrylamidoacetate] [P(HP-MMAA)], which was reacted with hydrazine to poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-N-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)methacrylamide] [P(HP-MAH)] to conjugate doxorubicin (Dox) via hydrazone bond. The resulting P(HP-MAH)-Dox conjugate was used as a coating of magnetic γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles obtained by the coprecipitation method. In vitro toxicity of various concentrations of Dox, P(HP-MAH)-Dox, and γ-Fe2 O3 @P(HP-MAH)-Dox nanoparticles was determined on somatic healthy cells (human bone marrow stromal cells hMSC), human glioblastoma line (GaMG), and primary human glioblastoma (GBM) cells isolated from GBM patients both at a short and prolonged exposition time (up to 7 days). Due to hydrolysis of the hydrazone bond in acid milieu of tumor cells and Dox release, the γ-Fe2 O3 @P(HP-MAH)-Dox nanoparticles significantly decreased the GaMG and GBM cell growth compared to free Dox and P(HP-MAH)-Dox in low concentration (10 nM), whereas in hMSCs it remained without effect. γ-F2 O3 @PHP nanoparticles alone did not affect the viability of any of the tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Plichta
- Department of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Department of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mareková
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Turnovcová
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaiser
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine and Military University Hospital, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Haque N, Khan IM, Abu Kasim NH. Survival and immunomodulation of stem cells from human extracted deciduous teeth expanded in pooled human and foetal bovine sera. Cytokine 2019; 120:144-154. [PMID: 31071675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from autologous and allogeneic sources are useful in stimulating tissue regeneration and repair. To obtain a high number of MSCs for transplantation requires extensive in vitro expansion with culture media supplements that can cause xeno-contamination of cells potentially compromising function and clinical outcomes. In this study stem cells from human extracted deciduous teeth (SHED) were cultured in Knockout™ DMEM supplemented with either pooled human serum (pHS) or foetal bovine serum (FBS) to compare their suitability in maintaining immunomodulatory properties of cells during in vitro expansion. No significant difference in cell survival of SHED grown in pHS (pHS-SHED) or FBS (FBS-SHED) was observed when co-cultured with complement, monocytes or lymphocytes. However, significant changes in the expression of sixteen paracrine factors involved in immunomodulation were observed in the supernatants of FBS-SHED co-cultures with monocytes or lymphocytes compared to that in pHS-SHEDs after both 24 and 120 h of incubation. Further analysis of changing protein levels of paracrine factors in co-cultures using biological pathway analysis software predicted upregulation of functions associated with immunogenicity in FBS-SHED and lymphocyte co-cultures compared to pHS-SHED co-cultures. Pathway analysis also predicted significant stimulation of HMGB1 and TREM1 signalling pathways in FBS-SHED co-cultures indicating activation of immune cells and inflammation. Though FBS supplementation does not impact survival of SHED, our combinatorial biological pathway analysis supports the idea that in vitro expansion of SHEDs in pHS provides optimal conditions to minimise xeno-contamination and inflammation and maintain their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia; Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilyas M Khan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Školoudík L, Chrobok V, Kočí Z, Popelář J, Syka J, Laco J, Filipová A, Syková E, Filip S. The Transplantation of hBM-MSCs Increases Bone Neo-Formation and Preserves Hearing Function in the Treatment of Temporal Bone Defects - on the Experience of Two Month Follow Up. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:860-870. [PMID: 29860618 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Temporal bone reconstruction is a persisting problem following middle ear cholesteatoma surgery. Seeking to advance the clinical transfer of stem cell therapy we attempted the reconstruction of temporal bone using a composite bioartificial graft based on a hydroxyapatite bone scaffold combined with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined biomaterial on the healing of postoperative temporal bone defects and the preservation of physiological hearing functions in a guinea pig model. The treatment's effect could be observed at 1 and 2 months after implantation of the biomaterial, as opposed to the control group. The clinical evaluation of our results included animal survival, clinical signs of an inflammatory response, and exploration of the tympanic bulla. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by histopathological analyses, whereas hBM-MSCs survival was evaluated by immunofluorescence assays. Hearing capacity was evaluated by objective audiometric methods, i.e. auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emission. Our study shows that hBM-MSCs, in combination with hydroxyapatite scaffolds, improves the repair of bone defects providing a safe and effective alternative in their treatment following middle ear surgery due to cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Školoudík
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Chrobok
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kočí
- Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Popelář
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Syka
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Filipová
- Department of Radiobiology, University of Defence Brno, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Syková
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Verboket R, Leiblein M, Seebach C, Nau C, Janko M, Bellen M, Bönig H, Henrich D, Marzi I. Autologous cell-based therapy for treatment of large bone defects: from bench to bedside. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018; 44:649-665. [PMID: 29352347 PMCID: PMC6182650 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-018-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reconstruction of long segmental bone defects is demanding for patients and surgeons, and associated with long-term treatment periods and substantial complication rates in addition to high costs. While defects up to 4-5 cm length might be filled up with autologous bone graft, heterologous bone from cadavers, or artificial bone graft substitutes, current options to reconstruct bone defects greater than 5 cm consist of either vascularized free bone transfers, the Masquelet technique or the Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis. Alternatively, autologous cell transplantation is an encouraging treatment option for large bone defects as it eliminates problems such as limited autologous bone availability, allogenic bone immunogenicity, and donor-site morbidity, and might be used for stabilizing loose alloplastic implants. METHODS The authors show different cell therapies without expansion in culture, with ex vivo expansion and cell therapy in local bone defects, bone healing and osteonecrosis. Different kinds of cells and scaffolds investigated in our group as well as in vivo transfer studies and BMC used in clinical phase I and IIa clinical trials of our group are shown. RESULTS Our research history demonstrated the great potential of various stem cell species to support bone defect healing. It was clearly shown that the combination of different cell types is superior to approaches using single cell types. We further demonstrate that it is feasible to translate preclinically developed protocols from in vitro to in vivo experiments and follow positive convincing results into a clinical setting to use autologous stem cells to support bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Verboket
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Leiblein
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. Seebach
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. Nau
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Janko
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Bellen
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H. Bönig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, University Hospital Frankfurt and DRK Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D. Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I. Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Haque N, Widera D, Abu Kasim NH. Stem Cells from Human Extracted Deciduous Teeth Expanded in Foetal Bovine and Human Sera Express Different Paracrine Factors After Exposure to Freshly Prepared Human Serum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:175-186. [PMID: 30771186 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response of stem cells to paracrine factors within the host's body plays an important role in the regeneration process after transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the viability and paracrine factor profile of stem cells from human extracted deciduous teeth (SHED) pre-cultivated in media supplemented with either foetal bovine serum (FBS) or pooled human serum (pHS) in the presence of individual human sera (iHS). METHODS SHED (n = 3) from passage 4 were expanded in FBS (FBS-SHED) or pHS (pHS-SHED) supplemented media until passage 7. During expansion, the proliferation of SHED was determined. Cells at passage 7 were further expanded in human serum from four individual donors (iHS) for 120 h followed by assessment of cell viability and profiling of the secreted paracrine factors. RESULTS Proliferation of SHED was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in pHS supplemented media compared to FBS supplemented media. pHS-SHED also maintained their higher proliferation rate compared to FBS-SHED in the presence of iHS. In iHS supplemented media, FBS-SHED expressed significantly higher levels of SDF-1A (p < 0.05) after 24 h compared to pHS-SHED. Similar results were found for HGF (p < 0.01), LIF (p < 0.05), PDGF-BB (p < 0.05), SDF-1A (p < 0.01), and IL-10 (p < 0.05) when cell culture supernatants from FBS-SHED were profiled 120 h post-incubation. CONCLUSION SHED expanded in pHS instead of FBS have higher proliferative capacity and show an altered secretion profile. Further studies are needed to determine whether these differences could result in better engraftment and regeneration following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hassan G, Kasem I, Soukkarieh C, Aljamali M. A Simple Method to Isolate and Expand Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Using Explant Method and Umbilical Cord Blood Serum. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:184-192. [PMID: 28844128 PMCID: PMC5741200 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from umbilical cords and are therapeutically used because of their ability to differentiate into various types of cells, in addition to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), considered as the standard additive when isolating and culturing MSCs, has a major limitation related to its animal origin. Here, we employed a simple and economically efficient protocol to isolate MSCs from human umbilical cord tissues without using digestive enzymes and replacing FBS with umbilical cord blood serum (CBS). Methods and Results MSCs were isolated by culturing umbilical cord pieces in CBS or FBS supplemented media. Expansion and proliferation kinetics of cells isolated by explant method in the presence of either FBS or CBS were measured, with morphology and multi-differentiation potential of expanded cells characterized by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. MSCs maintained morphology, immunophenotyping, multi-differentiation potential, and self-renewal ability, with better proliferation rates for cells cultured in CBS compared to FBS supplement media. Conclusions We here present a simple, reliable and efficient method to isolate MSCs from umbilical cord tissues, where cells maintained proliferation, differentiation potential and immunophenotyping properties and could be efficiently expanded for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Issam Kasem
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Majd Aljamali
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
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Muraglia A, Nguyen VT, Nardini M, Mogni M, Coviello D, Dozin B, Strada P, Baldelli I, Formica M, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Culture Medium Supplements Derived from Human Platelet and Plasma: Cell Commitment and Proliferation Support. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:66. [PMID: 29209609 PMCID: PMC5702080 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Present cell culture medium supplements, in most cases based on animal sera, are not fully satisfactory especially for the in vitro expansion of cells intended for human cell therapy. This paper refers to (i) an heparin-free human platelet lysate (PL) devoid of serum or plasma components (v-PL) and (ii) an heparin-free human serum derived from plasma devoid of PL components (Pl-s) and to their use as single components or in combination in primary or cell line cultures. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) primary cultures were obtained from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord. Human chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage biopsies. In general, MSC expanded in the presence of Pl-s alone showed a low or no proliferation in comparison to cells grown with the combination of Pl-s and v-PL. Confluent, growth-arrested cells, either human MSC or human articular chondrocytes, treated with v-PL resumed proliferation, whereas control cultures, not supplemented with v-PL, remained quiescent and did not proliferate. Interestingly, signal transduction pathways distinctive of proliferation were activated also in cells treated with v-PL in the absence of serum, when cell proliferation did not occur, indicating that v-PL could induce the cell re-entry in the cell cycle (cell commitment), but the presence of serum proteins was an absolute requirement for cell proliferation to happen. Indeed, Pl-s alone supported cell growth in constitutively activated cell lines (U-937, HeLa, HaCaT, and V-79) regardless of the co-presence of v-PL. Plasma- and plasma-derived serum were equally able to sustain cell proliferation although, for cells cultured in adhesion, the Pl-s was more efficient than the plasma from which it was derived. In conclusion, the cells expanded in the presence of the new additives maintained their differentiation potential and did not show alterations in their karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van Thi Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Nardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Mogni
- Human Genetics Laboratory, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Dozin
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Strada
- Transfusion Center, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baldelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Formica
- Orthopedic, Traumatology and Vertebral Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Biorigen Srl, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Yang C, Li X, Sun L, Guo W, Tian W. Potential of human dental stem cells in repairing the complete transection of rat spinal cord. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:026005. [PMID: 28085005 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Brun J, Abruzzese T, Rolauffs B, Aicher WK, Hart ML. Choice of xenogenic-free expansion media significantly influences the myogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:344-59. [PMID: 26857228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential for use in cell-based therapies for restoration of structure and function of many tissue types including smooth muscle. METHODS We compared proliferation, immunophenotype, differentiation capability and gene expression of bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded in different media containing human serum, plasma and platelet lysate in combination with commonly used protocols for myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, we developed a xenogenic-free protocol for myogenic differentiation of MSCs. RESULTS Expansion of MSCs in media complemented with serum, serum + platelet lysate or plasma + platelet lysate were multipotent because they differentiated toward four mesenchymal (myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic) lineages. Addition of platelet lysate to expansion media increased the proliferation of MSCs and their expression of CD146. Incubation of MSCs in medium containing human serum or plasma plus 5% human platelet lysate in combination with smooth muscle cell (SMC)-inducing growth factors TGFβ1, PDGF and ascorbic acid induced high expression of ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1 and/or MYH11 contractile SMC markers. Osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiations served as controls. DISCUSSION Our study provides novel data on the myogenic differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the SMC lineage using different xenogenic-free cell culture expansion media in combination with distinct differentiation medium compositions. We show that the choice of expansion medium significantly influences the differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the smooth muscle cell, as well as osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. These results can aid in designing studies using MSCs for tissue-specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Brun
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Abruzzese
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Panchalingam KM, Jung S, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26597928 PMCID: PMC4657237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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15
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Dulugiac M, Moldovan L, Zarnescu O. Comparative studies of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different cord tissue compartments - The influence of cryopreservation and growth media. Placenta 2015; 36:1192-203. [PMID: 26343950 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have identified some critical aspects concerning umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells: the lack of standards for cell isolation, expansion and cryopreservation, the lack of unanimous opinions upon their multilineage differentiation potential and the existence of very few results related to the functional characterization of the cells isolated from cryopreserved umbilical cord tissue. Umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation appears to be the optimal solution for umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells storage for future clinical use. Umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation allows mesenchymal stem cells isolation before expected use, according with the specific clinical applications, by different customized isolation and expansion protocols agreed by cell therapy institutions. METHODS Using an optimized protocol for umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation in autologous cord blood plasma, isolation explant method and growth media supplemented with FBS or human serum, we performed comparative studies with respect to the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from different compartments of the same umbilical cord tissue such as Wharton's jelly, vein, arteries, before cryopreservation (pre freeze) and after cryopreservation (post thaw). RESULTS Expression of histochemical and immunohistochemical markers as well as electron microscopy observations revealed similar adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity for cells isolated from pre freeze and corresponding post thaw tissue fragments of Wharton's jelly, vein or arteries of the same umbilical cord tissue, regardless growth media used for cells isolation and expansion. DISCUSSION Our efficient umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation protocol is reliable for clinical applicability of mesenchymal stem cells that could next be isolated and expanded in compliance with future accepted standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dulugiac
- Regina Maria-Central Stem Cells Bank, 5B Ion Ionescu de la Brad, 13811, Bucharest, Romania; Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania
| | - Lucia Moldovan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei 296, R-060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Otilia Zarnescu
- Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania.
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16
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Moshrefi M, Yari N, Nabipour F, Bazrafshani MR, Nematollahi-mahani SN. Transplantation of differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal cells under kidney capsule for control of type I diabetes in rat. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:395-405. [PMID: 26025422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, stem cells have been introduced as an appropriate source of regenerative medicine for treatment of type I diabetes. Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMC) have successfully been differentiated into insulin producing cells. The isolated hUCM cells were characterized by the expression of stem cell surface markers and by differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes. The hUCMCs were cultured with different concentrations of neural conditional medium (NCM) and were induced to differentiate into insulin producing cells (IPCs). As 60% NCM concentration resulted in higher nestin and PDX1 expression, the cells were first exposed to 60% NCM and were then induced for IPCs differentiation. PDX1 and insulin gene expression was evaluated in the treated cells. Also, the secretion capacity of the IPCs was assessed by glucose challenge test. IPCs were transferred under the rat kidney capsule. Blood glucose level, weight gain and immunohistochemistry assessments were done in the treated animals. hUCMC expressed mesenchymal cell surface markers and successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. Higher NCM concentration resulted in higher PDX1 and nestin expression. The IPCs expressed insulin and PDX1. IPCs were detectable under the kidney capsule 2 months after injection. IPCs transplantation resulted in a sharp decline of blood sugar level and less weight loss. Differentiated hUCM cells could alleviate the insulin deprivation in the rat model of type I diabetes. In addition, higher NCM concentration leads to more differentiation into IPCs and more nestin and PDX1 expression. Kidney capsule can serve as a suitable nominee for IPCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Moshrefi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran
| | - Nahid Yari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabipour
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bazrafshani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran.
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17
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Effect of serum choice on replicative senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:874-84. [PMID: 25800776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for innovative cell therapeutic applications. Before their use, however, they usually need to be expanded in vitro with serum-supplemented media. MSCs can undergo replicative senescence during in vitro expansion, but it is not yet clear how serum supplements influence this process. METHODS In the present study, we compared how media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or calf serum (CS) affected morphology, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and other functional characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). RESULTS UC-MSCs cultured in both FBS- and CS-containing media were able to differentiate along osteogenic and adipogenic lineages but ultimately reached proliferation arrest. However, senescence-associated characteristics, such as β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, proliferation rate and gene expression, demonstrate that UC-MSCs grown with FBS have better proliferation potential and differentiation capacity. In contrast, UC-MSCs grown with CS have a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and senescent characteristics. Possible mechanisms for the observed phenotypes include changes in gene expression (Bax, p16, p21 and p53) and cytokine production (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FBS-supplemented media provides a better microenvironment for the expansion of UC-MSCs in vitro than CS-supplemented media. This work provides insight into MSCs generation practices for use in basic research and clinical therapies.
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18
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Laitinen A, Oja S, Kilpinen L, Kaartinen T, Möller J, Laitinen S, Korhonen M, Nystedt J. A robust and reproducible animal serum-free culture method for clinical-grade bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:891-906. [PMID: 25777046 PMCID: PMC4960139 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient xenofree expansion methods to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based culture methods are strongly encouraged by the regulators and are needed to facilitate the adoption of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies. In the current study we established a clinically-compliant and reproducible animal serum-free culture protocol for bone marrow-(BM-) MSCs based on an optimized platelet-derived supplement. Our study compared two different platelet-derived supplements, platelet lysate PL1 versus PL2, produced by two different methods and lysed with different amounts of freeze–thaw cycles. Our study also explored the effect of a low oxygen concentration on BM-MSCs. FBS-supplemented BM-MSC culture served as control. Growth kinetics, differentiation and immunomodulatory potential, morphology, karyotype and immunophenotype was analysed. Growth kinetics in long-term culture was also studied. Based on the initial results, we chose to further process develop the PL1-supplemented culture protocol at 20 % oxygen. The results from 11 individual BM-MSC batches expanded in the chosen condition were consistent, yielding 6.60 × 109 ± 4.74 × 109 cells from only 20 ml of bone marrow. The cells suppressed T-cell proliferation, displayed normal karyotype and typical MSC differentiation potential and phenotype. The BM-MSCs were, however, consistently HLA-DR positive when cultured in platelet lysate (7.5–66.1 %). We additionally show that culture media antibiotics and sterile filtration of the platelet lysate can be successfully omitted. We present a robust and reproducible clinically-compliant culture method for BM-MSCs based on platelet lysate, which enables high quantities of HLA-DR positive MSCs at a low passage number (p2) and suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sofia Oja
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Kilpinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Kaartinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Möller
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
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Haque N, Kasim NHA, Rahman MT. Optimization of pre-transplantation conditions to enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:324-34. [PMID: 25678851 PMCID: PMC4323372 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential tool for cell based regenerative therapy due to their immunomodulatory property, differentiation potentials, trophic activity as well as large donor pool. Poor engraftment and short term survival of transplanted MSCs are recognized as major limitations which were linked to early cellular ageing, loss of chemokine markers during ex vivo expansion, and hyper-immunogenicity to xeno-contaminated MSCs. These problems can be minimized by ex vivo expansion of MSCs in hypoxic culture condition using well defined or xeno-free media i.e., media supplemented with growth factors, human serum or platelet lysate. In addition to ex vivo expansion in hypoxic culture condition using well defined media, this review article describes the potentials of transient adaptation of expanded MSCs in autologous serum supplemented medium prior to transplantation for long term regenerative benefits. Such transient adaptation in autologous serum supplemented medium may help to increase chemokine receptor expression and tissue specific differentiation of ex vivo expanded MSCs, thus would provide long term regenerative benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- 1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ; 2. Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- 1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ; 2. Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Tariqur Rahman
- 3. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
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Cha HM, Kim SM, Choi YS, Park JS, Lim JH, Hwang SG, Kim DI. 중간엽줄기세포 증식을 위한 누에 실샘 유래 무혈청 배지 첨가제. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hashemian SJ, Kouhnavard M, Nasli-Esfahani E. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Rising Concerns over Their Application in Treatment of Type One Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:675103. [PMID: 26576437 PMCID: PMC4630398 DOI: 10.1155/2015/675103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to beta cell destruction and lowered insulin production. In recent years, stem cell therapies have opened up new horizons to treatment of diabetes mellitus. Among all kinds of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be an interesting therapeutic option based on their immunomodulatory properties and differentiation potentials confirmed in various experimental and clinical trial studies. In this review, we discuss MSCs differential potentials in differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various sources and also have an overview on currently understood mechanisms through which MSCs exhibit their immunomodulatory effects. Other important issues that are provided in this review, due to their importance in the field of cell therapy, are genetic manipulations (as a new biotechnological method), routes of transplantation, combination of MSCs with other cell types, frequency of transplantation, and special considerations regarding diabetic patients' autologous MSCs transplantation. At the end, utilization of biomaterials either as encapsulation tools or as scaffolds to prevent immune rejection, preparation of tridimensional vascularized microenvironment, and completed or ongoing clinical trials using MSCs are discussed. Despite all unresolved concerns about clinical applications of MSCs, this group of stem cells still remains a promising therapeutic modality for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jafar Hashemian
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Seyed Jafar Hashemian:
| | - Marjan Kouhnavard
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Differentiation of human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like progenitor cells and maturation into an oligodendroglial-like lineage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111059. [PMID: 25357129 PMCID: PMC4214693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are viewed as safe, readily available and promising adult stem cells, which are currently used in several clinical trials. Additionally, their soluble-factor secretion and multi-lineage differentiation capacities place MSCs in the forefront of stem cell types with expected near-future clinical applications. In the present work MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's jelly) of human umbilical cord samples. The cells were thoroughly characterized and confirmed as bona-fide MSCs, presenting in vitro low generation time, high proliferative and colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) capacity, typical MSC immunophenotype and osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. The cells were additionally subjected to an oligodendroglial-oriented step-wise differentiation protocol in order to test their neural- and oligodendroglial-like differentiation capacity. The results confirmed the neural-like plasticity of MSCs, and suggested that the cells presented an oligodendroglial-like phenotype throughout the differentiation protocol, in several aspects sharing characteristics common to those of bona-fide oligodendrocyte precursor cells and differentiated oligodendrocytes.
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23
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Kočí Z, Turnovcová K, Dubský M, Baranovičová L, Holáň V, Chudíčková M, Syková E, Kubinová S. Characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells isolated from diabetic patient's distal limbs with critical ischemia. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:597-604. [PMID: 25251698 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of autologous adult stem cells that may bring new therapeutic perspectives on the treatment of diabetes and its complications. It is unclear whether adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) of diabetic patients, constantly influenced by hyperglycaemia, have the same properties as non-diabetic controls. As an alternative source of ASCs, adipose tissue from distal limbs of diabetic patients with critical ischemia was isolated. ASCs were characterized in terms of cell surface markers, multilineage differentiation and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), chemokine-related genes and compared with non-diabetic controls. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed mesenchymal phenotypes in both diabetic and non-diabetic ASCs. Nevertheless, 40% of diabetic and 20% of non-diabetic ASC samples displayed high expressions of fibroblast marker, which inversely correlated with the expression of CD105. In diabetic patients, significantly decreased expression of VEGFA and chemokine receptor CXCR4 was found in fibroblast-positive ASCs, compared with their fibroblast-negative counterparts. Reduced osteogenic differentiation and the downregulation of chemokine CXCL12 were found in fibroblast-negative diabetic ASCs. Both diabetic and non-diabetic ASCs were differentiated into adipocytes and chondrocytes and did not reveal islet-like cell differentiation. According to this study, adipose tissue from distal limbs of diabetic patients is not satisfactory as an autologous ASC source. Hyperglycaemic milieu as well as other metabolic disorders linked to diabetes may have an influence on endogenous stem cell properties. The present study investigated the feasibility of autologous stem cell therapy in diabetic patients. ASCs isolated from the ischemic limb of diabetic patients were found to be less potent when compared phenotypically and functionally to control non-diabetic counterparts with no signs of limb ischemia. High expression of fibroblast markers associated with reduced expression of VEGFA as well as reduced osteogenic differentiation may have an impact on the effectiveness of autologous cell therapies in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kočí
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stem cells for pancreatic β-cell replacement in diabetes mellitus: actual perspectives. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2014; 19:162-8. [PMID: 24553500 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a widespread metabolic disorder, related to autoimmune β-cell destruction and insulin resistance, leading to β-cell dysfunction, respectively, that are associated with severe chronic complications with irreversible multiorgan morphological and functional damage. Conventional treatment, based on exogenous insulin or oral agents may control and delay but not prevent the disease complications, which has lead, so far, to a steady increase in mortality and morbidity. β-Cell substitution cell therapy, initially pursued by whole pancreatic and isolated islet transplantation, with scarce and limited efficiency, now is looking at the new technologies for cell and molecular therapy for diabetes, based on stem cells. RECENT FINDINGS Pancreatic endocrine cells regeneration might replenish the destroyed β-cell pool, with neogenerated β-cell derived from pancreatic and extrapancreatic stem cell sources. Additionally, embryonic or adult stem cells derived from different cell lineages, and able to differentiate into β-like cell elements, may not only restore the original insulin secretory patterns but also exert the immunomodulatory effects aimed at interrupting the β-cell-directed autoimmune destruction vicious cycle. SUMMARY These new strategies may, one day, provide for the final cure of diabetes mellitus.
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Vaněček V, Klíma K, Kohout A, Foltán R, Jiroušek O, Šedý J, Štulík J, Syková E, Jendelová P. The combination of mesenchymal stem cells and a bone scaffold in the treatment of vertebral body defects. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 22:2777-86. [PMID: 24013719 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vertebral body defects represent one of the most common orthopedic challenges. In order to advance the transfer of stem cell therapies into orthopedic clinical practice, we performed this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a composite bioartificial graft based on a hydroxyapatite bone scaffold (CEM-OSTETIC(®)) combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rat model of vertebral body defects. METHODS Under general isoflurane anesthesia, a defect in the body of the L2 vertebra was prepared and left to heal spontaneously (group 1), implanted with scaffold material alone (group 2), or implanted with a scaffold together with 0.5 million MSCs (group 3) or 5 million MSCs (group 4). The rats were killed 8 weeks after surgery. Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the implant as well as micro-CT imaging of the vertebrae were performed. RESULTS We observed a significant effect on the formation of new bone tissue in the defect in group 4 when compared to the other groups and a reduced inflammatory reaction in both groups receiving a scaffold and MSCs. We did not detect any substantial pathological changes or tumor formation after graft implantation. CONCLUSIONS MSCs in combination with a hydroxyapatite scaffold improved the repair of a model bone defect and might represent a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of vertebral bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Vaněček
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Arigony ALV, de Oliveira IM, Machado M, Bordin DL, Bergter L, Prá D, Pêgas Henriques JA. The influence of micronutrients in cell culture: a reflection on viability and genomic stability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:597282. [PMID: 23781504 PMCID: PMC3678455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins, are indispensable to DNA metabolic pathways and thus are as important for life as macronutrients. Without the proper nutrients, genomic instability compromises homeostasis, leading to chronic diseases and certain types of cancer. Cell-culture media try to mimic the in vivo environment, providing in vitro models used to infer cells' responses to different stimuli. This review summarizes and discusses studies of cell-culture supplementation with micronutrients that can increase cell viability and genomic stability, with a particular focus on previous in vitro experiments. In these studies, the cell-culture media include certain vitamins and minerals at concentrations not equal to the physiological levels. In many common culture media, the sole source of micronutrients is fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contributes to only 5-10% of the media composition. Minimal attention has been dedicated to FBS composition, micronutrients in cell cultures as a whole, or the influence of micronutrients on the viability and genetics of cultured cells. Further studies better evaluating micronutrients' roles at a molecular level and influence on the genomic stability of cells are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Vargas Arigony
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriana Machado
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lilian Bordin
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lothar Bergter
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência 2293, 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Li SL, Liu Y, Hui L. Construction of engineering adipose-like tissue in vivo utilizing human insulin gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:E267-75. [PMID: 23509085 DOI: 10.1002/term.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of a combination of human insulin gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUMSCs) with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. In this study hUMSCs were isolated and cultured. HUMSCs infected with Ade-insulin-EGFP were seeded in fibroin 3D scaffolds with uniform 50-60 µm pore size. Silk fibroin scaffolds with untransfected hUMSCs were used as control. They were cultured for 4 days in adipogenic medium and transplanted under the dorsal skins of female Wistar rats after the hUMSCs had been labelled with chloromethylbenzamido-1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-Dil). Macroscopical impression, fluorescence observation, histology and SEM were used for assessment after transplantation at 8 and 12 weeks. Macroscopically, newly formed adipose tissue was observed in the experimental group and control group after 8 and 12 weeks. Fluorescence observation supported that the formed adipose tissue originated from seeded hUMSCs rather than from possible infiltrating perivascular tissue. Oil red O staining of newly formed tissue showed that there was substantially more tissue regeneration in the experimental group than in the control group. SEM showed that experimental group cells had more fat-like cells, whose volume was larger than that of the control group, and degradation of the silk fibroin scaffold was greater under SEM observation. This study provides significant evidence that hUMSCs transfected by adenovirus vector have good compatibility with silk fibroin scaffold, and adenoviral transfection of the human insulin gene can be used for the construction of tissue-engineered adipose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Long Li
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Command of CPLA, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Command of CPLA, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hui
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Command of CPLA, People's Republic of China
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Human serum promotes the proliferation but not the stemness genes expression of human adipose-derived stem cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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De Schauwer C, van de Walle GR, Piepers S, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JLJ, Meyer E, van Soom A. Successful isolation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cell fractions. Equine Vet J 2012. [PMID: 23206252 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for cellular therapy has generated increasing interest in human as well as veterinary medicine. Considerable research has been performed on the cryopreservation of expanded mesenchymal stromal cells, but little information is available on the cryopreservation of the original mononuclear cell fraction. OBJECTIVES The present study describes a protocol to expand equine mesenchymal stromal cells after cryopreserving the mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood. METHODS To this end, mononuclear cells were isolated from 7 umbilical cord blood samples and cryopreserved at a concentration of 1-2 × 10(9) cells/l cold freezing solution. Cells were cryopreserved and kept frozen for at least 6 months before thawing. Frozen cryotubes were thawed in a 37°C water bath. Putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were immunophenotyped using multicolour flow cytometry based on a selected 9 marker panel. RESULTS Average cell viability upon thawing was 98.7 ± 0.6%. In 6 out of 7 samples, adherent spindle-shaped cell colonies were observed within 9.0 ± 2.6 days and attained 80% confluency at 12.3 ± 3.9 days. After 3 passages, putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were successfully immunophenotyped as CD29, CD44 and CD90 positive, and CD45, CD73, CD79α, CD105, MHC II and monocyte-marker negative. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Equine mesenchymal stromal cells can be cultured after cryopreservation of the isolated mononuclear cells, a time- as well as cost-efficient approach in equine regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Cerwinka WH, Sharp SM, Boyan BD, Zhau HE, Chung LWK, Yates C. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids under microgravity conditions. CELL REGENERATION 2012; 1:2. [PMID: 25408865 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To develop and characterize a novel cell culture method for the generation of undifferentiated and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cell 3D structures, we utilized the RWV system with a gelatin-based scaffold. 3 × 10(6) cells generated homogeneous spheroids and maximum spheroid loading was accomplished after 3 days of culture. Spheroids cultured in undifferentiated spheroids of 3 and 10 days retained expression of CD44, without expression of differentiation markers. Spheroids cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation media exhibited oil red O staining and von Kossa staining, respectively. Further characterization of osteogenic lineage, showed that 10 day spheroids exhibited stronger calcification than any other experimental group corresponding with significant expression of vitamin D receptor, alkaline phosphatase, and ERp60 . In conclusion this study describes a novel RWV culture method that allowed efficacious engineering of undifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids and rapid osteogenic differentiation. The use of gelatin scaffolds holds promise to design implantable stem cell tissue of various sizes and shapes for future regenerative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Cerwinka
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 5445Meridian Mark Road, Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA ; Georgia Pediatric Urology, 5445 Meridian Mark Rd, Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA
| | - Starlette M Sharp
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, Carver Research Building, kragujevac, AL 36088 USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Samuel-Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars -Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Samuel-Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars -Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Blvd., Atrium 103, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, Carver Research Building, kragujevac, AL 36088 USA ; Tuskegee University, Carver Research Bld. Rm 22, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA
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Salehinejad P, Alitheen NB, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Ali AM, Omar AR, Janzamin E, Hajghani M. Effect of culture media on expansion properties of human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:948-53. [PMID: 22587592 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.684377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been isolated from a number of different tissues, including umbilical cord. Because of the lack of a uniform approach to human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal (hUCM) cell expansion, we attempted to identify the optimum conditions for the production of a high quantity of hUCM cells by comparing two media. METHODS We compared the ability of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) and Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) with Glutamax (GL) (α-MEM/GL) to expand hUCM cells. For this purpose, hUCM cells were cultured in plates containing different culture media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Culture dishes were left undisturbed for 10-14 days to allow propagation of the newly formed hUCM cells. The expansion properties, CD marker expression, differentiation potential, population doubling time (PDT) and cell activity were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The hUCM cells harvested from each group were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD90 and CD105, while they were negative for the hematopoietic cell surface marker CD34. Differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was confirmed for both treatments. Cell activity was higher in the α-MEM/GL group than the DMEM/F12 group. PDT was calculated to be 60 h for the DMEM/F12 group, while for the α-MEM/GL group it was 47 h. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that α-MEM/GL with 10% FBS supports hUCM cell growth more strongly than DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Salehinejad
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jung S, Panchalingam KM, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in defined serum-free media. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:123030. [PMID: 22645619 PMCID: PMC3356989 DOI: 10.1155/2012/123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are presently being evaluated for their therapeutic potential in clinical studies to treat various diseases, disorders, and injuries. To date, early-phase studies have indicated that the use of both autologous and allogeneic hMSCs appear to be safe; however, efficacy has not been demonstrated in recent late-stage clinical trials. Optimized cell bioprocessing protocols may enhance the efficacy as well as safety of hMSC therapeutics. Classical media used for generating hMSCs are typically supplemented with ill-defined supplements such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human-sourced alternatives. Ideally, culture media are desired to have well-defined serum-free formulations that support the efficient production of hMSCs while maintaining their therapeutic and differentiation capacity. Towards this objective, we review here current cell culture media for hMSCs and discuss medium development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Krishna M. Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | - Leo A. Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Dubský M, Kubinová S, Sirc J, Voska L, Zajíček R, Zajícová A, Lesný P, Jirkovská A, Michálek J, Munzarová M, Holáň V, Syková E. Nanofibers prepared by needleless electrospinning technology as scaffolds for wound healing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:931-41. [PMID: 22331377 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun gelatin and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were prepared using needleless technology and their biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy have been characterized in vitro in cell cultures and in an experimental model of a skin wound. Human dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes and mesenchymal stem cells seeded on the nanofibers revealed that both nanofibers promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. The effect of nanofibers on wound healing was examined using a full thickness wound model in rats and compared with a standard control treatment with gauze. Significantly faster wound closure was found with gelatin after 5 and 10 days of treatment, but no enhancement with PCL nanofibers was observed. Histological analysis revealed enhanced epithelialisation, increased depth of granulation tissue and increased density of myofibroblasts in the wound area with gelatin nanofibers. The results show that gelatin nanofibers produced by needleless technology accelerate wound healing and may be suitable as a scaffold for cell transfer and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dubský
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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De Schauwer C, Piepers S, Van de Walle GR, Demeyere K, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JLJ, Braeckmans K, Van Soom A, Meyer E. In search for cross-reactivity to immunophenotype equine mesenchymal stromal cells by multicolor flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2012; 81:312-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ben Azouna N, Jenhani F, Regaya Z, Berraeis L, Ben Othman T, Ducrocq E, Domenech J. Phenotypical and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow: comparison of culture using different media supplemented with human platelet lysate or fetal bovine serum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:6. [PMID: 22333342 PMCID: PMC3340550 DOI: 10.1186/scrt97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to differentiate into several mesenchymal lineages, classically derived from bone marrow (BM) but potentially from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Although they are becoming a good tool for regenerative medicine, they usually need to be expanded in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented media. Human platelet lysate (HPL) has recently been proposed as substitute for safety reasons, but it is not yet clear how this supplement influences the properties of expanded MSCs. Methods In the present study, we compared the effect of various media combining autologous HPL with or without FBS on phenotypic, proliferative and functional (differentiation, cytokine secretion profile) characteristics of human BM-derived MSCs. Results Despite less expression of adipogenic and osteogenic markers, MSCs cultured in HPL-supplemented media fully differentiated along osteoblastic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and vascular smooth muscle lineages. The analyses of particular specific proteins expressed during osteogenic differentiation (calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathormone receptor (PTHR)) showed their decrease at D0 before any induction for MSC cultured with HPL mostly at high percentage (10%HPL). The cytokine dosage showed a clear increase of proliferation capacity and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion. Conclusions This study shows that MSCs can be expanded in media supplemented with HPL that can totally replace FBS. HPL-supplemented media not only preserves their phenotype as well as their differentiation capacity, but also shortens culture time by increasing their growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ben Azouna
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, UPRES-EA3855, Faculty of Medicine, University François Rabelais, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
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Novotna B, Jendelova P, Kapcalova M, Rossner P, Turnovcova K, Bagryantseva Y, Babic M, Horak D, Sykova E. Oxidative damage to biological macromolecules in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells labeled with various types of iron oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:53-63. [PMID: 22269213 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of several superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) varying in their surface coating were tested using human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from two donors - hBMSCs-1 and hBMSCs-2. The measurements were performed at two intervals - after 72 h exposure to the nanoparticles and after an additional 72 h cell growth without nanoparticles. The dose of SPIONs used (15.4 μg Fe/ml) was selected as being sufficient for in vivo cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Concerning cell viability and cell death, only the hBMSCs-2 seemed to be sensitive to the action of SPIONs. However, an increase of oxidative injury to lipids, proteins and DNA as a consequence of exposure to SPIONs was detected in cells from both donors. Particularly the levels of lipid peroxidation were high and increased further with time, regardless of the type of nanoparticle. Lowering intracellular label concentrations and authenticating oxidative stress levels using in vivo experiments are required to ensure the safety of SPIONs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kinzebach S, Bieback K. Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells under xenogenic-free culture conditions. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 129:33-57. [PMID: 22777242 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly applied in cell-based regenerative medicine. To yield clinically relevant cell doses, ex vivo expansion of MSCs is required to be compliant with good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. A lack of standardization and harmonization seems to hamper rapid progress in the translational phase. Most protocols still use fetal bovine serum (FBS) to expand MSCs. However, the high lot-to-lot variability, risk of contamination and immunization call for xenogenic-free culture conditions. Chemically defined media are the ultimate achievement in terms of standardization. These media, however, need to maintain all key cellular and therapy-relevant features of MSCs. Because of the numerous constituents of FBS, the development of such chemically defined media with an optimal composition of the few essential factors is only beginning. Meanwhile, various human blood-derived components are under investigation, including human plasma, human serum, human umbilical cord blood serum and human platelet derivatives such as platelet lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kinzebach
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 107, 68167 Mannheim, Germany,
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Frith JE, Jaramillo-Ferrada P, Mills RJ, Cameron AR, Titmarsh DM, Wolvetang EJ, Cooper-White JJ. Development of Defined Culture Conditions for Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical Applications. STEM CELLS AND CANCER STEM CELLS, VOLUME 8 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4798-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jäger M, Hernigou P, Zilkens C, Herten M, Li X, Fischer J, Krauspe R. Cell therapy in bone healing disorders. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2011; 2:e20. [PMID: 21808710 PMCID: PMC3143975 DOI: 10.4081/or.2010.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to osteosynthetic stabilizing techniques and autologous bone transplantations, so-called orthobiologics play an increasing role in the treatment of bone healing disorders. Besides the use of various growth factors, more and more new data suggest that cell-based therapies promote local bone regeneration. For ethical and biological reasons, clinical application of progenitor cells on the musculoskeletal system is limited to autologous, postpartum stem cells. Intraoperative one-step treatment with autologous progenitor cells, in particular, delivered promising results in preliminary clinical studies. This article provides an overview of the rationale for, and characteristics of the clinical application of cell-based therapy to treat osseous defects based on a review of existing literature and our own experience with more than 100 patients. Most clinical trials report successful bone regeneration after the application of mixed cell populations from bone marrow. The autologous application of human bone marrow cells which are not expanded ex vivo has medico-legal advantages. However, there is a lack of prospective randomized studies including controls for cell therapy for bone defects. Autologous bone marrow cell therapy seems to be a promising treatment option which may reduce the amount of bone grafting in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jäger
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr Düsseldorf, Germany
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Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Loria T, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Farina F, La Rocca G. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as candidates for beta cells regeneration: extending the differentiative and immunomodulatory benefits of adult mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:342-63. [PMID: 20972649 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders (i.e. are able to differentiate towards ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cytotypes) and are viewed as promising cells for regenerative medicine approaches in several diseases. Type I diabetes therapy should potentially benefit from such differentiated cells: the search for alternatives to organ/islet transplantation strategies via stem cells differentiation is an ongoing task, significant goals having been achieved in most experimental settings (e.g. insulin production and euglycaemia restoration), though caution is still needed to ensure safe and durable effects in vivo. MSC are obtainable in high numbers via ex vivo culture and can be differentiated towards insulin-producing cells (IPC). Moreover, recent reports evidenced that MSC possess immunomodulatory activities (acting on both innate and acquired immunity effectors) which should result in a reduction of the immunogenicity of transplanted cells, thus limiting rejection. Moreover it has been proposed that MSC administration should be used to attenuate the autoimmune processes which lead to the destruction of beta cells. This review illustrates the recent advances made in differentiating human MSC to IPC. In particular, we compare the effectiveness of the differentiation protocols applied, the markers and functional assays used to characterize differentiated progeny, and the in vivo controls. We further speculate on how MSC derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord may represent a more promising regenerative medicine tool, as recently demonstrated for endoderm-derived organs (as liver) in human subjects, also considering their peculiar immunomodulatory features compared to other MSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, PA 90127, Italy
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Karlenius TC, Shah F, Yu WC, Hawkes HJK, Tinggi U, Clarke FM, Tonissen KF. The selenium content of cell culture serum influences redox-regulated gene expression. Biotechniques 2011; 50:295-301. [PMID: 21548891 DOI: 10.2144/000113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Arboleda D, Forostyak S, Jendelova P, Marekova D, Amemori T, Pivonkova H, Masinova K, Sykova E. Transplantation of predifferentiated adipose-derived stromal cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:1113-22. [PMID: 21630007 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies of neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, we predifferentiated ASCs (pASCs) and compared their behavior with naïve ASCs in vitro and after transplantation into rats with a balloon-induced compression lesion. ASCs were predifferentiated into spheres before transplantation, then pASCs or ASCs were injected intraspinally 1 week after SCI. The cells' fate and the rats' functional outcome were assessed using behavioral, histological, and electrophysiological methods. Immunohistological analysis of pASCs in vitro revealed the expression of NCAM, NG2, S100, and p75. Quantitative RT-PCR at different intervals after neural induction showed the up-regulated expression of the glial markers NG2 and p75 and the neural precursor markers NCAM and Nestin. Patch clamp analysis of pASCs revealed three different types of membrane currents; however, none were fast activating Na(+) currents indicating a mature neuronal phenotype. Significant improvement in both the pASC and ASC transplanted groups was observed in the BBB motor test. In vivo, pASCs survived better than ASCs did and interacted closely with the host tissue, wrapping host axons and oligodendrocytes. Some transplanted cells were NG2- or CD31-positive, but no neuronal markers were detected. The predifferentiation of ASCs plays a beneficial role in SCI repair by promoting the protection of denuded axons; however, functional improvements were comparable in both the groups, indicating that repair was induced mainly through paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arboleda
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Ho STB, Tanavde VM, Hui JH, Lee EH. Upregulation of Adipogenesis and Chondrogenesis in MSC Serum-Free Culture. CELL MEDICINE 2011; 2:27-41. [PMID: 26998400 DOI: 10.3727/215517911x575984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Serum-free media have been shown to be effective in the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effects may go beyond cell expansion as the differentiation potentials of the cells may be modified, thus influencing their efficacy for downstream applications. The latter is poorly understood, and this has prompted an evaluation of the influence of a serum-free formulation on the chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic potential of MSCs. The media consisted of Knockout™ Serum Replacement (KSR) with a cocktail of growth factors coupled with either collagen or fibronectin coatings. Collagen coating was selected as it promoted consistent cellular attachment. When compared against fetal bovine serum (FBS) controls, cell proliferation in the serum-free media was enhanced at passage 1. Similar levels of surface markers were observed in the two groups with a slight reduction in CD90 and CD73 in the serum-free culture at passage 3. The cultures were screened under differentiation conditions and a better maintenance of the chondrogenic potential was noted in the serum-free media with higher expressions of glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen II. Chondrogenesis was deficient in the FBS group and this was attributed to the inherent inconsistency of animal serum. Adipogenesis was enhanced in the serum-free group with a higher PPARG expression and lipid accumulation. Similar levels of osteogenic mineralization was noted in the FBS and serum-free groups but collagen I gene expression was suppressed in the latter. This was initially observed during expansion. These observations were attributed to the signaling cascades triggered by the cytokines presented in the serum-free formulation and the interaction with the collagen substrate. The serum-free media helps to maintain and enhance the chondrogenic and adipogenic potentials of the MSCs, respectively. This advantage can be exploited for therapeutic applications in cartilage and adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saey Tuan Barnabas Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
| | - Vivek Madhukar Tanavde
- † Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , 138671 Singapore
| | - James Hoi Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore , 119074 Singapore
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Human Serum is as Efficient as Fetal Bovine Serum in Supporting Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Multipotent Stromal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:860-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schäfer R, Schnaidt M, Klaffschenkel RA, Siegel G, Schüle M, Rädlein MA, Hermanutz-Klein U, Ayturan M, Buadze M, Gassner C, Danielyan L, Kluba T, Northoff H, Flegel WA. Expression of blood group genes by mesenchymal stem cells. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:520-8. [PMID: 21418181 PMCID: PMC3080447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Incompatible blood group antigens are highly immunogenic and can cause graft rejections. Focusing on distinct carbohydrate- and protein-based membrane structures, defined by blood group antigens, we investigated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in human serum. The presence of H (CD173), ABO, RhD, RhCE, RhAG, Kell, urea transporter type B (SLC14A1, previously known as JK), and Duffy antigen receptor of chemokines (DARC) was evaluated at the levels of genome, transcriptome and antigen. Fucosyltransferase-1 (FUT1), RHCE, KEL, SLC14A1 (JK) and DARC mRNA were transcribed in MSCs. FUT1 mRNA transcription was lost during differentiation. The mRNA transcription of SLC14A1 (JK) decreased during chondrogenic differentiation, while that of DARC increased during adipogenic differentiation. All MSCs synthesized SLC14A1 (JK) but no DARC protein. However, none of the protein antigens tested occurred on the surface, indicating a lack of associated protein function in the membrane. As A and B antigens are neither expressed nor adsorbed, concerns of ABO compatibility with human serum supplements during culture are alleviated. The H antigen expression by GD2dim+ MSCs identified two distinct MSC subpopulations and enabled their isolation. We hypothesize that GD2(dim+) H(+) MSCs retain a better 'stemness'. Because immunogenic blood group antigens are lacking, they cannot affect MSC engraftment in vivo, which is promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schäfer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Martina Schnaidt
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland A. Klaffschenkel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Siegel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schüle
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Anna Rädlein
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Hermanutz-Klein
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Ayturan
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marine Buadze
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Kluba
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hinnak Northoff
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Willy A. Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Karaöz E, Okçu A, Gacar G, Sağlam O, Yürüker S, Kenar H. A comprehensive characterization study of human bone marrow mscs with an emphasis on molecular and ultrastructural properties. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1367-82. [PMID: 20945392 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) continue to draw attention of researchers in the fields of basic science and medicine due to their indispensible regenerative, reparative, angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties, all of which collectively point out their enormous therapeutic potential. There is still, however, a need for further investigation of their characteristics to broaden their field of use and learn much more about how to control their fate and improve their therapeutic effectiveness. hBM-MSCs were extensively characterized in terms of their growth characteristics, genetic stability, and differentiation capability to the mesodermal and ectodermal cell lineages; a special emphasis was given to their phenotypic and ultrastructural properties. Expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Rex-1, FoxD-3, Sox2, and Nanog was shown with real-time PCR. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of hBM-MSCs; they had pale, irregularly shaped and large euchromatic nuclei, and two distinct areas in their cytoplasm: an intensely stained inner zone rich in mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisternae and a relatively peripheral zone poor in organelles. hBM-MSCs expressed adipogenic (adipophilin and PPARγ), myogenic (desmin, myogenin, α-SMA), neurogenic (γ-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, NF-H, NF-L, GFAP, β3-tubulin), osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, type I collagen), and chondrogenic (type II collagen, SOX9) markers either at RNA or protein level even under basal conditions, without any stimulation towards differentiation. The differentiation potential of hBM-MSCs to adipogenic, osteogenic, and neurogenic lineages was shown by using the relevant differentiation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Karaöz
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Tekkatte C, Gunasingh GP, Cherian KM, Sankaranarayanan K. "Humanized" stem cell culture techniques: the animal serum controversy. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:504723. [PMID: 21603148 PMCID: PMC3096451 DOI: 10.4061/2011/504723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy is reaching a pinnacle with an understanding of the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to regenerate damaged tissue in the body. The limited numbers of these hMSCs in currently identified sources, like bone marrow, adipose tissue, and so forth, bring forth the need for their
in vitro culture/expansion. However, the extensive usage of supplements containing xenogeneic components in the expansion-media might pose a risk to the post-transplantation safety of patients. This warrants the necessity to identify and develop chemically defined or “humanized” supplements which would make
in vitro cultured/processed cells relatively safer for transplantation in regenerative medicine. In this paper, we outline the various caveats associated with conventionally used supplements of xenogenic origin and also portray the possible alternatives/additives which could one day herald the dawn of a new era in the translation of
in vitro cultured cells to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Tekkatte
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt. Ltd., TICEL Biopark, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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Tallone T, Realini C, Böhmler A, Kornfeld C, Vassalli G, Moccetti T, Bardelli S, Soldati G. Adult human adipose tissue contains several types of multipotent cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:200-10. [PMID: 21327755 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells that can be easily isolated from various tissues and expanded in vitro. Many reports on their pluripotency and possible clinical applications have raised hopes and interest in MSCs. In an attempt to unify the terminology and the criteria to label a cell as MSC, in 2006 the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) proposed a standard set of rules to define the identity of these cells. However, MSCs are still extracted from different tissues, by diverse isolation protocols, are cultured and expanded in different media and conditions. All these variables may have profound effects on the selection of cell types and the composition of heterogeneous subpopulations, on the selective expansion of specific cell populations with totally different potentials and ergo, on the long-term fate of the cells upon in vitro culture. Therefore, specific molecular and cellular markers that identify MSCs subsets as well as standardization of expansion protocols for these cells are urgently needed. Here, we briefly discuss new useful markers and recent data supporting the rapidly emerging concept that many different types of progenitor cells are found in close association with blood vessels. This knowledge may promote the necessary technical improvements required to reduce variability and promote higher efficacy and safety when isolating and expanding these cells for therapeutic use. In the light of the discussed data, particularly the identification of new markers, and advances in the understanding of fundamental MSC biology, we also suggest a revision of the 2006 ISCT criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Tallone
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Hudson JE, Mills RJ, Frith JE, Brooke G, Jaramillo-Ferrada P, Wolvetang EJ, Cooper-White JJ. A Defined Medium and Substrate for Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Progenitors That Enriches for Osteo- and Chondrogenic Precursors. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:77-87. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Hudson
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J. Mills
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Brooke
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Mater Medical Research Institute (MMRI), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela Jaramillo-Ferrada
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Justin J. Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Jäger M, Hernigou P, Zilkens C, Herten M, Fischer J, Krauspe R. Zelltherapie bei Knochenheilungsstörungen. DER ORTHOPADE 2010; 39:449-62; quiz 463. [DOI: 10.1007/s00132-009-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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