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Shook LL, James KE, Roberts DJ, Powe CE, Perlis RH, Thornburg KL, O'Tierney-Ginn PF, Edlow AG. Sex-specific impact of maternal obesity on fetal placental macrophages and cord blood triglycerides. Placenta 2023; 140:100-108. [PMID: 37566941 PMCID: PMC10529163 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Altered fetoplacental immune programming is a potential candidate mechanism. Differences in fetal placental macrophages, or Hofbauer cells (HBCs), have been observed in maternal obesity, and lipid metabolism is a key function of resident macrophages that may be deranged in inflammation/immune activation. We sought to test the following hypotheses: 1) maternal obesity is associated with altered HBC density and phenotype in the term placenta and 2) obesity-associated HBC changes are associated with altered placental lipid transport to the fetus. The impact of fetal sex was evaluated in all experiments. METHODS We quantified the density and morphology of CD163-and CD68-positive HBCs in placental villi in 34 full-term pregnancies undergoing cesarean delivery (N = 15, maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m2; N = 19, BMI <30 kg/m2). Antibody-positive cells in terminal villi were detected and cell size and circularity analyzed using a semi-automated method for thresholding of bright-field microscopy images (ImageJ). Placental expression of lipid transporter genes was quantified using RTqPCR, and cord plasma triglycerides (TGs) were profiled using modified Wahlefeld method. The impact of maternal obesity and fetal sex on HBC features, lipid transporters, and cord TGs were evaluated by two-way ANOVA. Spearman correlations of cord TGs, HBC metrics and gene expression levels were calculated. RESULTS Maternal obesity was associated with significantly increased density of HBCs, with male placentas most affected (fetal sex by maternal obesity interaction p = 0.04). CD163+ HBCs were larger and rounder in obesity-exposed male placentas. Sexually dimorphic expression of placental FATP4, FATP6, FABPPM, AMPKB1 and AMPKG and cord TGs was noted in maternal obesity, such that levels were higher in males and lower in females relative to sex-matched controls. Cord TGs were positively correlated with HBC density and FATP1 expression. DISCUSSION Maternal obesity is associated with sex-specific alterations in HBC density and placental lipid transporter expression, which may impact umbilical cord blood TG levels and offspring cardiometabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Shook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 0114, USA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 0114, USA
| | - Drucilla J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Camille E Powe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 0114, USA; Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Perrie F O'Tierney-Ginn
- Tufts Medical Center, Mother Infant Research Institute, Box# 394, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 0114, USA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Sferruzzi‐Perri AN, Lopez‐Tello J, Salazar‐Petres E. Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:371-397. [PMID: 36484327 PMCID: PMC10103877 DOI: 10.1113/ep090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? How the placenta, which transports nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, may alter its support of fetal growth developmentally and with adverse gestational conditions. What advances does it highlight? Placental formation and function alter with the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation and when there is enhanced competition for substrates in species with multiple gestations or adverse gestational environments, and this is mediated by imprinted genes, signalling pathways, mitochondria and fetal sexomes. ABSTRACT The placenta is vital for mammalian development and a key determinant of life-long health. It is the interface between the mother and fetus and is responsible for transporting the nutrients and oxygen a fetus needs to develop and grow. Alterations in placental formation and function, therefore, have consequences for fetal growth and birthweight, which in turn determine perinatal survival and risk of non-communicable diseases for the offspring in later postnatal life. However, the placenta is not a static organ. As this review summarizes, research from multiple species has demonstrated that placental formation and function alter developmentally to the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation, as well as when there is greater competition for substrates in polytocous species and monotocous species with multiple gestations. The placenta also adapts in response to the gestational environment, integrating information about the ability of the mother to provide nutrients and oxygen with the needs of the fetus in that prevailing environment. In particular, placental structure (e.g. vascularity, surface area, blood flow, diffusion distance) and transport capacity (e.g. nutrient transporter levels and activity) respond to suboptimal gestational environments, namely malnutrition, obesity, hypoxia and maternal ageing. Mechanisms mediating developmentally and environmentally induced homeostatic responses of the placenta that help support normal fetal growth include imprinted genes, signalling pathways, subcellular constituents and fetal sexomes. Identification of these placental strategies may inform the development of therapies for complicated human pregnancies and advance understanding of the pathways underlying poor fetal outcomes and their consequences for health and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esteban Salazar‐Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo TomásValdiviaChile
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Christians JK. The Placenta's Role in Sexually Dimorphic Fetal Growth Strategies. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1895-1907. [PMID: 34699045 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fetal sex affects the risk of pregnancy complications and the long-term effects of prenatal environment on health. Some have hypothesized that growth strategies differ between the sexes, whereby males prioritize growth whereas females are more responsive to their environment. This review evaluates the role of the placenta in such strategies, focusing on (1) mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in gene expression, (2) the nature and extent of sexual dimorphism in placental gene expression, (3) sexually dimorphic responses to nutrient supply, and (4) sexual dimorphism in morphology and histopathology. The sex chromosomes contribute to sex differences in placental gene expression, and fetal hormones may play a role later in development. Sexually dimorphic placental gene expression may contribute to differences in the prevalence of complications such as preeclampsia, although this link is not clear. Placental responses to nutrient supply frequently show sexual dimorphism, but there is no consistent pattern where one sex is more responsive. There are sex differences in the prevalence of placental histopathologies, and placental changes in pregnancy complications, but also many similarities. Overall, no clear patterns support the hypothesis that females are more responsive to the maternal environment, or that males prioritize growth. While male fetuses are at greater risk of a variety of complications, total prenatal mortality is higher in females, such that males exposed to early insults may be more likely to survive and be observed in studies of adverse outcomes. Going forward, robust statistical approaches to test for sex-dependent effects must be more widely adopted to reduce the incidence of spurious results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. .,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Fowden AL, Camm EJ, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Effects of Maternal Obesity On Placental Phenotype. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:113-131. [PMID: 32400334 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200513115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rising rapidly worldwide with the consequence that more women are entering pregnancy overweight or obese. This leads to an increased incidence of clinical complications during pregnancy and of poor obstetric outcomes. The offspring of obese pregnancies are often macrosomic at birth although there is also a subset of the progeny that are growth-restricted at term. Maternal obesity during pregnancy is also associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction in the offspring later in life. As the interface between the mother and fetus, the placenta has a central role in programming intrauterine development and is known to adapt its phenotype in response to environmental conditions such as maternal undernutrition and hypoxia. However, less is known about placental function in the abnormal metabolic and endocrine environment associated with maternal obesity during pregnancy. This review discusses the placental consequences of maternal obesity induced either naturally or experimentally by increasing maternal nutritional intake and/or changing the dietary composition. It takes a comparative, multi-species approach and focusses on placental size, morphology, nutrient transport, metabolism and endocrine function during the later stages of obese pregnancy. It also examines the interventions that have been made during pregnancy in an attempt to alleviate the more adverse impacts of maternal obesity on placental phenotype. The review highlights the potential role of adaptations in placental phenotype as a contributory factor to the pregnancy complications and changes in fetal growth and development that are associated with maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - E J Camm
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - A N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
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Everest C, Nagpal TS, Souza SCS, DA Silva DF, Gaudet L, Mohammad S, Bhattacharjee J, Adamo KB. The Effect of Maternal Physical Activity and Gestational Weight Gain on Placental Efficiency. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:756-762. [PMID: 32991347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to physical activity (PA) and gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations during pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes, including reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Limited research has evaluated the effect of meeting PA in combination with GWG recommendations on placental efficiency (Pl-E), a surrogate marker of the placenta's ability to exchange nutrients and gas based on surface area. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare Pl-E based on meeting PA and GWG recommendations. METHOD Healthy pregnant women (n = 61) wore accelerometers in their second and third trimesters to objectively measure PA. Women were classified as active or inactive at each time point based on meeting the 2019 Canadian prenatal PA guidelines. Total GWG was calculated as weight measured in the third trimester minus self-reported prepregnancy weight, and were categorized as insufficient (n = 19), adequate (n = 22), and excessive (n = 20) according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Placental weight (PW) and birth weight (BW) were measured within 30 min of delivery and 24-48 h postdelivery, respectively. Pl-E was determined in three ways: BW:PW ratio, residual BW, and measured BW, with a higher value indicating better Pl-E. Pl-E was compared by PA and GWG status using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS No differences were found in the BW:PW ratio or residual BW corresponding to PA and GWG status. Measured BW was significantly higher in newborns of women who gained weight excessively compared with those who gained insufficient weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that prenatal PA does not compromise Pl-E; however, further research is required to evaluate the potential mechanistic benefits of meeting PA and GWG guidelines on the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Everest
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Sara C S Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Danilo F DA Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Laura Gaudet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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Shearer J, Klein MS, Vogel HJ, Mohammad S, Bainbridge S, Adamo KB. Maternal and Cord Blood Metabolite Associations with Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Health Outcomes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1630-1638. [PMID: 33529033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are risk factors for future maternal and childhood obesity. Maternal obesity is potentially communicated to the fetus in part by the metabolome, altering the child's metabolic program in early development. Fasting maternal blood samples from 37 singleton pregnancies at 25-28 weeks of gestation were obtained from mothers with pre-pregnancy body mass indexes (BMIs) between 18 and 40 kg/m2. Various health measures including GWG, diet, and physical activity were also assessed. At term (37-42 weeks), a venous umbilical cord sample was obtained. Serum metabolomic profiles were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as a gut and metabolic hormone panel. Maternal and cord serum metabolites were tested for associations with pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, health outcomes, and gut and metabolic hormones. While cord blood metabolites showed no significant correlation to maternal obesity status or other measured health outcomes, maternal serum metabolites showed distinct profiles for lean, overweight, and obese women. Additionally, four serum metabolites, namely, glutamate, lysine, pyruvate, and valine, allowed prediction of excessive GWG when pre-pregnancy BMI was controlled. Metabolic biomarkers predictive of GWG are reported and, if validated, could aid in the guidance of prenatal weight management plans as the majority of pregnancy weight gain occurs in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Kinesiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthias S Klein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shannon Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Mitanchez D, Jacqueminet S, Lebbah S, Dommergues M, Hajage D, Ciangura C. Relative Contribution of Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Maternal Obesity to Neonatal Fat Mass. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113434. [PMID: 33182482 PMCID: PMC7698189 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutritional and metabolic status influence fetal growth. This study investigated the contribution of gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational diabetes (GDM), and maternal obesity to birthweight and newborn body fat. It is a secondary analysis of a prospective study including 204 women with a pregestational body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and 219 women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. GDM was screened in the second and third trimester and was treated by dietary intervention, and insulin if required. Maternal obesity had the greatest effect on skinfolds (+1.4 mm) and cord leptin (+3.5 ng/mL), but no effect on birthweight. GWG was associated with increased birthweight and skinfolds thickness, independently from GDM and maternal obesity. There was an interaction between third trimester weight gain and GDM on birthweight and cord leptin, but not with maternal obesity. On average, +1 kg in third trimester was associated with +13 g in birthweight and with +0.64 ng/mL in cord leptin, and a further 32 g and 0.89 ng/mL increase in diabetic mothers, respectively. Maternal obesity is the main contributor to neonatal body fat. There is an independent association between third trimester weight gain, birthweight, and neonatal body fat, enhanced by GDM despite intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mitanchez
- Department of Neonatology, Bretonneau Hospital, François Rabelais University, 37000 Tours, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Saint Antoine Research Centre, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-47-47-49
| | - Sophie Jacqueminet
- Department of Diabetology, Institute of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; (S.J.); (C.C.)
| | - Said Lebbah
- Clinic Research Unit, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Marc Dommergues
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - David Hajage
- INSERM, Public Health Department, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, AP-HP, Centre of Pharmacoepidémiology (Cephepi), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Cécile Ciangura
- Department of Diabetology, Institute of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; (S.J.); (C.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Cardiometbolism And Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
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Chavira-Suárez E, Ramírez-Mendieta AJ, Martínez-Gutiérrez S, Zárate-Segura P, Beltrán-Montoya J, Espinosa-Maldonado NC, de la Cerda-Ángeles JC, Vadillo-Ortega F. Influence of pre-pregnancy body mass index (p-BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on DNA methylation and protein expression of obesogenic genes in umbilical vein. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226010. [PMID: 31794592 PMCID: PMC6890247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that affect obesogenic genes expression in newborns is essential for early prevention efforts, but they remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore whether the maternal p-BMI and GWG were associated with regulatory single-locus DNA methylation in selected obesogenic genes. For this purpose, DNA methylation was assayed by Methylation-Sensitive High Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) technique and Sanger allele-bisulfite sequencing in fifty samples of umbilical vein to evaluate glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 (GNPDA2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes. Correlations between DNA methylation levels and indicators of maternal nutritional status were carried out. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression in extracts of the same samples. Results indicated that GNPDA2 and PGC1α genes have the same level of DNA methylation in all samples; however, a differential DNA methylation of LEPR gene promoter was found, correlating it with GWG and this correlation is unaffected by maternal age or unhealthy habits. Furthermore, leptin receptor (Lep-Rb) was upregulated in samples that showed the lowest levels of DNA methylation. This study highlights the association between poor GWG and adjustments on obesogenic genes expression in newborn tissues with potential consequences for development of obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Jazmín Ramírez-Mendieta
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofía Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Zárate-Segura
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Beltrán-Montoya
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Arroyo-Jousse V, Jaramillo A, Castaño-Moreno E, Lépez M, Carrasco-Negüe K, Casanello P. Adipokines underlie the early origins of obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities in the offspring of women with pregestational obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165558. [PMID: 31654701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal pregestational obesity is a well-known risk factor for offspring obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which maternal obesity can induce alterations in fetal and later neonatal metabolism are not fully elucidated due to its complexity and multifactorial causes. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are involved in fetal and postnatal growth trajectories, and both are altered in women with pregestational obesity. The placenta synthesizes leptin, which goes mainly to the maternal circulation and in lesser amount to the developing fetus. Maternal pregestational obesity and hyperleptinemia are associated with placental dysfunction and changes in nutrient transporters which directly affect fetal growth and development. By the other side, the embryo can produce its own leptin from early in development, which is associated to fetal weight and adiposity. Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, is downregulated in maternal obesity. High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is the most abundant form and with most biological actions. In maternal obesity lower total and HMW adiponectin levels have been described in the mother, paralleled with high levels in the umbilical cord. Several studies have found that cord blood adiponectin levels are related with postnatal growth trajectories, and it has been suggested that low adiponectin levels in women with pregestational obesity enhance placental insulin sensitivity and activation of placental amino acid transport systems, supporting fetal overgrowth. The possible mechanisms by which maternal pregestational obesity, focusing in the actions of leptin and adiponectin, affects the fetal development and postnatal growth trajectories in their offspring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Carrasco-Negüe
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Barquiel B, Herranz L, Meneses D, Moreno Ó, Hillman N, Burgos MÁ, Bartha JL. Optimal Gestational Weight Gain for Women with Gestational Diabetes and Morbid Obesity. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1297-1305. [PMID: 29497985 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate the greatest gestational weight gain (GWG) without adverse pregnancy complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and morbid obesity. METHODS An observational retrospective study including 3284 patients with single pregnancies and GDM was completed. Of the patients, 131 (4.0%) were classified as having pre-pregnancy morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Perinatal complications were compared among BMI groups. In the group with morbid obesity, GWG threshold values to predict outcomes were examined based on sensitivity and specificity values under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS GWG was higher in mothers with morbid obesity and macrosomic neonates: 11.3 (4.4-15.7) versus 4.8 (1.5-8.2) kg (p = 0.033). The GWG and neonatal ponderal index were positively correlated (r = 0.305, p = 0.001). The GWG was 7.0 (2.9-11.6) kg in women with hypertensive disorder versus 4.5 (1.0-7.5) kg in normotensive women (p = 0.017). A GWG above 5 kg was a risk factor for macrosomia (87.8% sensitivity, 54.7% specificity) and hypertensive disorder (70.0% sensitivity, 48.4% specificity). GWG associations were maintained after controlling for glycemic control, maternal and gestational age, parity, smoking and neonatal sex. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE A GWG below 5 kg is recommended for women with GDM and morbid obesity. In these women, adequate GWG may prevent macrosomia, fetal overgrowth and hypertensive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Barquiel
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Division of Diabetes, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, CP 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucrecia Herranz
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Division of Diabetes, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, CP 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Meneses
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Division of Diabetes, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, CP 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Moreno
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Division of Diabetes, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, CP 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hillman
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Division of Diabetes, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, CP 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Burgos
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Department of Obstetrics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Bartha
- Diabetes and Pregnancy Unit, Department of Obstetrics, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Kwan STC, King JH, Yan J, Wang Z, Jiang X, Hutzler JS, Klein HR, Brenna JT, Roberson MS, Caudill MA. Maternal Choline Supplementation Modulates Placental Nutrient Transport and Metabolism in Late Gestation of Mouse Pregnancy. J Nutr 2017; 147:2083-2092. [PMID: 28931587 PMCID: PMC10101224 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.256107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fetal growth is dependent on placental nutrient supply, which is influenced by placental perfusion and transporter abundance. Previous research indicates that adequate choline nutrition during pregnancy improves placental vascular development, supporting the hypothesis that choline may affect placental nutrient transport.Objective: The present study sought to determine the impact of maternal choline supplementation (MCS) on placental nutrient transporter abundance and nutrient metabolism during late gestation.Methods: Female non-Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to the 1×, 2×, or 4× choline diet (1.4, 2.8, and 5.6 g choline chloride/kg diet, respectively) 5 d before mating (n = 16 dams/group). The placentas and fetuses were harvested on gestational day (E) 15.5 and E18.5. The placental abundance of macronutrient, choline, and acetylcholine transporters and glycogen metabolic enzymes, and the placental concentration of glycogen were quantified. Choline metabolites and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were measured in the placentas and/or fetal brains. Data were stratified by gestational day and fetal sex and were analyzed by using mixed linear models.Results: At E15.5, MCS downregulated the placental transcript and protein abundance of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) (-40% to -73%, P < 0.05) and the placental transcript abundance of glycogen-synthesizing enzymes (-24% to -50%, P ≤ 0.05). At E18.5, MCS upregulated GLUT3 protein abundance (+55%, P = 0.016) and the transcript abundance of glycogen-synthesizing enzymes only in the female placentas (+36% to +60%, P < 0.05), resulting in a doubling (P = 0.01) of the glycogen concentration. A higher placental transcript abundance of the transporters for DHA, choline, and acetylcholine was also detected in response to MCS, consequently altering their concentrations in the placentas or fetal brains (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusions: These data suggest that MCS modulates placental nutrient transporter abundance and nutrient metabolism in late gestation of mouse pregnancy, with subsequent effects on nutrient supply for the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and
| | | | | | | | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and.,Departments of Food Science and.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute of Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX
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12
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Wasenius NS, Grattan KP, Harvey ALJ, Barrowman N, Goldfield GS, Adamo KB. Maternal gestational weight gain and objectively measured physical activity among offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180249. [PMID: 28662129 PMCID: PMC5491154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Animal studies have suggested that maternal weight-related factors during pregnancy can program offspring physical activity in a sex-dependent manner. However, there is limited evidence in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring total physical activity (TPA) level and to determine whether these associations are moderated by sex of offspring or maternal pre-pregnancy weight status. Method We studied 56 boys (mean age = 3.7 years, standard deviation (SD) 0.5) and 57 girls (mean age = 3.5±0.5 years) enrolled in licensed childcare centers. TPA was objectively measured using Actical® accelerometers. Information on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and other maternal factors were collected with a maternal health questionnaire. Associations between GWG, as a continuous variable or categorically (inadequate, adequate, and excessive), and offspring TPA were analysed using linear mixed models to take into account the intraclass correlation between the clusters (childcare centers). Models were adjusted for gestational age, accelerometer weartime, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy BMI status. Results We found a significant sex interaction (P-value = 0.009). In boys, greater GWG was associated with decreased offspring TPA (β = -3.2 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = -6.4–0.02, P-value = 0.049). In girls born to mothers categorized as overweight or obese, the association between the GWG and TPA followed an inverted U-shape curve (β for GWG squared = -0.1 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% CI = (-0.2 –-0.04), P-value = 0.005). In contrast, a U-shaped curve was found in girls born to mothers classified as lean (pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2) (β for GWG squared = 0.7 counts⋅1000−1/d, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2, P-value = 0.011). In boys, TPA in offspring was higher among women with inadequate GWG compared to adequate GWG (P-value = 0.0137), whereas no significant differences were found in girls (P-value = 0.107). Conclusion Maternal GWG can be an important biological marker of offspring TPA. These findings support the sex-dependent early developmental programming influence of GWG on TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S. Wasenius
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimberly P. Grattan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alysha L. J. Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nick Barrowman
- Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (CHEO RI), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi B. Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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13
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Gallo L, Barrett H, Dekker Nitert M. Review: Placental transport and metabolism of energy substrates in maternal obesity and diabetes. Placenta 2017; 54:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Sandovici I, Constancia M, Fowden AL. Placental phenotype and the insulin-like growth factors: resource allocation to fetal growth. J Physiol 2017; 595:5057-5093. [PMID: 28337745 DOI: 10.1113/jp273330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the main determinant of fetal growth and development in utero. It supplies all the nutrients and oxygen required for fetal growth and secretes hormones that facilitate maternal allocation of nutrients to the fetus. Furthermore, the placenta responds to nutritional and metabolic signals in the mother by altering its structural and functional phenotype, which can lead to changes in maternal resource allocation to the fetus. The molecular mechanisms by which the placenta senses and responds to environmental cues are poorly understood. This review discusses the role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in controlling placental resource allocation to fetal growth, particularly in response to adverse gestational environments. In particular, it assesses the impact of the IGFs and their signalling machinery on placental morphogenesis, substrate transport and hormone secretion, primarily in the laboratory species, although it draws on data from human and other species where relevant. It also considers the role of the IGFs as environmental signals in linking resource availability to fetal growth through changes in the morphological and functional phenotype of the placenta. As altered fetal growth is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and a greater risk of developing adult-onset diseases in later life, understanding the role of IGFs during pregnancy in regulating placental resource allocation to fetal growth is important for identifying the mechanisms underlying the developmental programming of offspring phenotype by suboptimal intrauterine growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Miguel Constancia
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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15
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Song L, Sun B, Boersma GJ, Cordner ZA, Yan J, Moran TH, Tamashiro KLK. Prenatal high-fat diet alters placental morphology, nutrient transporter expression, and mtorc1 signaling in rat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:909-919. [PMID: 28332771 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how the rat placenta and fetus respond to maternal high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and to identify the possible mechanisms. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with standard chow (13.5% fat) or HF (60% fat) diet during gestation. Placentas were collected on gestation day 21. RESULTS HF dams had greater fat mass, higher plasma leptin, lower plasma adiponectin, and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The placental labyrinth thickness was reduced in both male and female fetuses of HF dams. In HF male placentas, glucose transporter 3 gene expression, system A amino acid transporter (SNAT) 2 gene expression, and SNAT2 protein expression were increased through the activation of the mTORC1 4EBP1 branch. In HF female placentas, gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor was elevated compared to placentas of females fed standard chow. Although male and female placentas responded differently to prenatal HF diet exposure, both male and female fetal weight was not altered by maternal HF diet. CONCLUSIONS Placenta responds and adapts to maternal metabolic changes by altering placental layer thickness, mTORC1 signaling, expression of nutrient transporters, and growth factors in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Yao G, Zhang Y, Wang D, Yang R, Sang H, Han L, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Tan Y, Shang Z. GDM-Induced Macrosomia Is Reversed by Cav-1 via AMPK-Mediated Fatty Acid Transport and GLUT1-Mediated Glucose Transport in Placenta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170490. [PMID: 28125642 PMCID: PMC5268469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate if the role of Cav-1 in GDM-induced macrosomia is through regulating AMPK signaling pathway in placenta. Methods We used diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia to separate and compare placental protein and mRNA levels from GDM with macrosomia group (GDMM), GDM with normal birth weight group (GDMN) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with normal birth weight group (CON). Western blotting was performed to examine differentially expressed proteins of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway related proteins, including phosphorylated-AMPKα(Thr172), AMPKα, phosphorylated-Acetyl-CoA carboxylase(Ser79) (p-ACC(Ser79)), ACC and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in placenta between the three groups. The mRNA levels of Cav-1, AMPKα, ACC and GLUT1 in placenta were measured by real time-PCR. Results In the GDMM placenta group, both protein and mRNA levels of Cav-1 were down-regulated, while GLUT1 was up-regulated; the phosphorylation and mRNA levels of ACC and AMPKα were decreased, but total ACC protein levels were increased compared to both the GDMN (p<0.05) and CON groups (p<0.05). In GDMM placenta group, there was a significant negative correlation observed between neonatal birth weight (NBW) and protein expression levels of Cav-1, p-ACC(Ser79) and p-AMPKα(Thr172) (p<0.05), while positive relationship with ACC and GLUT1 protein levels. Besides, in GDMM group placental mRNA levels, NBW had a positive correlation with GLUT1 (p<0.05), while negative with Cav-1, AMPKα and ACC expression (p<0.05). Cav-1 protein expression was positively associated with p-AMPK and p-ACC (p<0.05), and negatively associated with GLUT1 (p<0.05). Interestingly, p-AMPK protein expression was closely related to p-ACC (p<0.05), but not with GLUT1. Conclusion GDM-induced macrosomias have more severe inhibition of Cav-1 expression in placenta. Cav-1 is associated with placental glucose and fatty acid transport via the induction of AMPK signaling pathway and the reduction of GLUT1 signaling pathway to reverse GDM-induced macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Di Wang
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Hui Sang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yuexia Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yeke Tan
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Zhanping Shang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Toledo F, González M, Quezada C, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Akt/mTOR Role in Human Foetoplacental Vascular Insulin Resistance in Diseases of Pregnancy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5947859. [PMID: 29104874 PMCID: PMC5618766 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5947859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characteristic of pregnancies where the mother shows metabolic alterations, such as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or abnormal maternal conditions such as pregestational maternal obesity (PGMO). Insulin signalling includes activation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) as well as Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein 1, leading to activation of 44 and 42 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) signalling cascades in the human foetoplacental vasculature. PE, GDM, and PGMO are abnormal conditions coursing with reduced insulin signalling, but the possibility of the involvement of similar cell signalling mechanisms is not addressed. This review aimed to determine whether reduced insulin signalling in PE, GDM, and PGMO shares a common mechanism in the human foetoplacental vasculature. Insulin resistance in these pathological conditions results from reduced Akt activation mainly due to inhibition of IRS1/2, likely due to the increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) resulting from lower activity of adenosine monophosphate kinase. Thus, a defective signalling via Akt/mTOR in response to insulin is a central and common mechanism of insulin resistance in these diseases of pregnancy. In this review, we summarise the cell signalling mechanisms behind the insulin resistance state in PE, GDM, and PGMO focused in the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in the human foetoplacental endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health-Aconcagua Valley, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe Campus, 2172972 San Felipe, Chile
| | - Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Punshon T, Li Z, Marsit CJ, Jackson BP, Baker ER, Karagas MR. Placental Metal Concentrations in Relation to Maternal and Infant Toenails in a U.S. Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1587-94. [PMID: 26727403 PMCID: PMC4873612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants cross the placenta, presenting a heightened risk of perturbing fetal development. Information about placental concentrations and transfer of multiple potentially toxic metals from low to moderate exposure is lacking. We measured concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn in 750 placentas collected from women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study and examined the correlation between elements, and profiles of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Mn) stratified by nutrient concentrations (Zn and Se) using principal components analyses. We further examined the indirect effects of maternal metal concentrations on infant metal concentrations through placental metal concentrations using structural equation models. Placental metal concentrations were all correlated, particularly Zn and Mn, and Zn and Cd, and the principal component of metals differed by stratum of high versus low Zn and Se. Associations were observed between placenta and maternal toenail Se (β = 63.49; P < 0.0001) and Pb (β = 0.90; P < 0.0001) but not other metals. Structural equation models did not indicate any statistically significant indirect effects through placental metal concentrations. Placental metal concentrations may represent a distinct biomarker of metal exposure and adverse health impacts to the fetus, particularly those stemming from the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Punshon
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Tracy Punshon, PhD, Research Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03756, Tel: (603) 646 1037, Fax: (603) 646 1347,
| | - Zhigang Li
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | | | - Emily R. Baker
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756
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Panchenko PE, Lemaire M, Fneich S, Voisin S, Jouin M, Junien C, Gabory A. [Epigenetics and Nutrition: maternal nutrition impacts on placental development and health of offspring]. Biol Aujourdhui 2015; 209:175-87. [PMID: 26514387 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The environment, defined broadly by all that is external to the individual, conditions the phenotype during development, particularly the susceptibility to develop non-communicable diseases. This notion, called Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), is based on numerous epidemiological studies as well as animal models. Thus, parental nutrition and obesity can predispose the offspring to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The known underlying mechanisms include an altered development of tissues that adapt to maternal metabolic condition, and a placental dysfunction, which in turn impacts fetal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence itself. The main epigenetic marks are DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. These marks are erased and set-up during gametogenesis and development in order to ensure cellular identity. Therefore, they can lead to a memorisation of early environment and induce long-term alteration of cell and tissue functions, which will condition the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. The placenta is a programming agent of adult disease. The environment, such as smoking or psychosocial stress, is able to modify epigenetic processes in placenta, such as small RNA expression and DNA methylation. We showed that placenta is sensitive to maternal obesity and maternal nutrition, in terms of histology, transcription and epigenetic marks. A clear sexual dimorphism is remarkable in the placental response to maternal environment. In adulthood, the phenotype is also different between males and females. Epigenetic mechanisms could underlie this differential response of males and females to the same environment. The DOHaD can no longer be ignored in Biology of Reproduction. The prevention of non-communicable diseases must take this new paradigm into account. Research will allow a better comprehension of the mechanisms of this early conditioning and the marked sexual dimorphism it is associated to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina E Panchenko
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Lemaire
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sara Fneich
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah Voisin
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Jouin
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudine Junien
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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