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Mabrouk NEL, Mastouri M, Lizard G, Aouni M, Harizi H. In vitro immunotoxicity effects of carbendazim were inhibited by n-acetylcysteine in microglial BV-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 97:105812. [PMID: 38522494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a benzimidazole fungicide widely used worldwide in industrial, agricultural, and veterinary practices. Although, CBZ was found in all brain tissues causing serious neurotoxicity, its impact on brain immune cells remain scarcely understood. Our study investigated the in vitro effects of CBZ on activated microglial BV-2 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CBZ and cytokine release was measured by ELISA, and Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) assays. Mitochondrial superoxide anion (O2·-) generation was evaluated by Dihydroethidium (DHE) and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed by Griess reagent. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring the malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. The transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) was detected by cytometry analysis with dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) assay. CBZ concentration-dependently increased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 by LPS-activated BV-2 cells. CBZ significantly promoted oxidative stress by increasing NO, O2·- generation, and MDA levels. In contrast, CBZ significantly decreased ΔΨm. Pre-treatment of BV-2 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed all the above mentioned immunotoxic parameters, suggesting a potential protective role of NAC against CBZ-induced immunotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on activated BV-2 cells. Therefore, microglial proinflammatory over-activation by CBZ may be a potential mechanism by which CBZ could induce neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjesse E L Mabrouk
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Laboratory Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. EA7270, INSERM, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, University of Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Harizi
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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D'Souza LC, Paithankar JG, Stopper H, Pandey A, Sharma A. Environmental Chemical-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Immunotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:691-714. [PMID: 37917110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the reactive oxygen-carrying chemicals moieties, act as pleiotropic signal transducers to maintain various biological processes/functions, including immune response. Increased ROS production leads to oxidative stress, which is implicated in xenobiotic-induced adverse effects. Understanding the immunoregulatory mechanisms and immunotoxicity is of interest to developing therapeutics against xenobiotic insults. Recent Advances: While developmental studies have established the essential roles of ROS in the establishment and proper functioning of the immune system, toxicological studies have demonstrated high ROS generation as one of the potential mechanisms of immunotoxicity induced by environmental chemicals, including heavy metals, pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and derivatives), plastics, and nanoparticles. Mitochondrial electron transport and various signaling components, including NADH oxidase, toll-like receptors (TLRs), NF-κB, JNK, NRF2, p53, and STAT3, are involved in xenobiotic-induced ROS generation and immunotoxicity. Critical Issues: With many studies demonstrating the role of ROS and oxidative stress in xenobiotic-induced immunotoxicity, rigorous and orthogonal approaches are needed to achieve in-depth and precise understanding. The association of xenobiotic-induced immunotoxicity with disease susceptibility and progression needs more data acquisition. Furthermore, the general methodology needs to be possibly replaced with high-throughput precise techniques. Future Directions: The progression of xenobiotic-induced immunotoxicity into disease manifestation is not well documented. Immunotoxicological studies about the combination of xenobiotics, age-related sensitivity, and their involvement in human disease incidence and pathogenesis are warranted. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 691-714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Mangalore, India
| | - Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Mangalore, India
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Mangalore, India
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Wang Y, Weng Y, Lv L, Wang D, Yang G, Jin Y, Wang Q. Transgenerational effects of co-exposure to cadmium and carbofuran on zebrafish based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129644. [PMID: 35882171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The combined toxicity of heavy metals and pesticides to aquatic organisms is still largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the combined impacts of cadmium (Cd) and carbofuran (CAR) on female zebrafish (F0 generation) and their following F1 generation. Results showed that mixtures of Cd and CAR induced acute synergistic effects on both zebrafish adults of the F0 generation and embryos of the F1 generation. Combined exposure to Cd and CAR could obviously alter the hepatic VTG level of females, and the individual exposures increased the relative mRNA levels of vtg1 and vtg2. Through maternal transmission, co-exposure of Cd and CAR caused toxicity to 4-day-old larvae of the F1 generation, evidenced by the significant changes in T4 and VTG levels, CYP450 activity, and the relative transcriptional levels of genes related to the hormone, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These effects were also reflected by the global gene expression pattern to 7-day-old larvae of F1 generation using the transcriptomic analysis, and they could also affect energy metabolism. Our results provided a more comprehensive insight into the transgenerational toxic impacts of heavy metal and pesticide mixtures. These findings highlighted that it was highly necessary to consider transgenerational exposures in the ecological risk assessment of chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Rakkhun W, Jantra J, Cheubong C, Teepoo S. Colorimetric test strip cassette readout with a smartphone for on-site and rapid screening test of carbamate pesticides in vegetables. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Banerjee O, Singh S, Prasad SK, Ray D, Banerjee M, Pal S, Kundu S, Maji BK, Mukherjee S. Dichlorophene activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) to mediate splenotoxicity in rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:2311-2318. [PMID: 34107835 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1935435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorophene (DCP) is a halogenated phenolic compound, widely used as fungicide, bactericide and antiprotozoan and also exhibit therapeutic application in several pathological conditions. Taking account of broad use of DCP, its possible effect on spleen (an important immune organ) was investigated in this study. Male albino rats were treated with graded doses of DCP (10%, 20% and 30% of LD50) and spleen and blood were obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours post treatment. Oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines and protein expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indoleamine-2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were measured along with histopathological evaluation of spleen. In the present study, DCP perturbs redox status of splenocytes of rats as evidenced by excess ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production simultaneously with reduction of antioxidant level [glutathione (GSH)] and inhibition of antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]. Two important proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α were found to be elevated upon DCP treatment. Moreover, DCP also caused activation of AhR and IDO1 with simultaneous down regulation of Nrf2. All these effects of DCP were found to be dose and duration dependent. DCP also affects the spleen micro-architecture in the present study and these alterations were more prominent in high dose group at 72 hours post treatment. Taken together, all these results suggested that DCP induces oxidative stress and also increases proinflammatory cytokine levels to mount its toxic effect on spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, India
| | | | | | - Dibyendu Ray
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Hooghly, India
| | | | - Swagata Pal
- Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Hooghly, India
| | - Sudipta Kundu
- Department of Physiology, Kalka Dental College, Meerut, India
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Ebedy YA, Elshazly MO, Hassan NH, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI. Novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying carbendazim-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23079. [PMID: 35437878 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a common environmental pollutant that can contaminate food and water and severely damage human health. Some studies revealed the adverse effect of CBZ on different organs, but its detailed toxicity mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the mechanisms of CBZ-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Therefore, we partitioned 40 male Wistar rats into four groups (n = 10): a negative control group and three treatment groups, which received 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg of CBZ. All rats received the treatment daily by oral gavage. We collected blood and organ samples (liver and kidney) at 14 and 28 days postdosing. CBZ caused extensive pathological alterations in both the liver and kidneys, such as cellular degeneration and necrosis accompanied by severe inflammatory reactions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. All the CBZ-treated groups displayed strong tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) immunopositivity. Additionally, CBZ dose-dependently elevated the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine serum levels and reduced the serum albumin levels. Furthermore, CBZ-induced apoptosis, as indicated by the observed Bax gene upregulation and Bcl-2 gene downregulation in both organs. All these changes may be related to oxidative stress, as indicated by the increase in malondialdehyde levels and the decrease in total antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrate that CBZ-induced dose- and time-dependent hepatorenal damage through oxidative stress, which activated both the NF-κB signaling pathway and Bcl-based programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Ebedy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Elshazly
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neven H Hassan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Li M, Zheng K, Ma S, Hu P, Yuan B, Yue X, Li Q. Pilose antler polypeptides promote chemosensitization and T-cell infiltration of triple-negative breast cancer. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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8
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Taha MAI, Badawy MEI, Abdel-Razik RK, Younis HM, Abo-El-Saad MM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in liver of male albino rats after exposing to sub-chronic intoxication of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104938. [PMID: 34446205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress biomarkers were studied in rat liver. The liver deficiency was also confirmed by histological analysis and gel electrophoresis. Each insecticide was administered orally with five doses per week for 28 days to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 per insecticide. The results demonstrated that the mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by a significant decrease in NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase activities. Oxidative stress biomarkers include malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were significantly increased. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased in the mitochondria of the rat liver. HPLC analysis showed a significant increase of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2DG) as a biomarker of the DNA damage in rat liver. In addition, the residue levels of 0.96 and 0.29 μg/mL serum were found for cypermethrin and imidacloprid, respectively. However, chlorpyrifos not detected using the HPLC analysis. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) analysis showed a change in the pattern and sequence of complexions of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria with treatment by such insecticides. The hepatic histological examination also showed symptoms of abnormalities after exposure to these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A I Taha
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Reda K Abdel-Razik
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 21616-El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Younis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Abo-El-Saad
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Chandra RK, Bhardwaj AK, Tripathi MK. Evaluation of triazophos induced immunotoxicity of spleen and head kidney in fresh water teleost, Channa punctata. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:109029. [PMID: 33722765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of pesticides has increased for destroying pests and protecting crops in the agriculture field. Triazophos is a commonly used organophosphorous insecticide that causes alterations in haematological and histological parameters in fish. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of triazophos induced innate and cell mediated immunotoxicity in freshwater teleost, Channa punctata. Fishes were exposed to triazophos at concentrations 5 and 10% of LC50 value for 10 and 20 days. Splenic and head kidney macrophage phagocytosis, nitric oxide production and superoxide production were assayed to evaluate the innate immunity. Cell-mediated immunity was measured through splenic and head kidney lymphocyte proliferation in presence of T and B cell mitogens. Results of the present study revealed that macrophage phagocytosis was significantly reduced after in vivo triazophos treatment. Differential suppressive effect of triazophos was also observed where mitogen induced splenic and head kidney lymphocyte proliferations were reduced after 10 and 20 days treatment. Concentration dependent effect of triazophos was observed in in vivo studies where the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates were suppressed. This study describes the first investigation of the effect of triazophos on immune functions and will help to determine appropriate ecotoxicity and immunotoxicity in freshwater teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Chandra
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Naasri S, Helali I, Aouni M, Mastouri M, Harizi H. N-acetylcysteine reduced the immunotoxicity effects induced in vitro by azoxystrobin and iprodione fungicides in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:562-571. [PMID: 33226166 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZO) and Iprodione (IPR) fungicides are extensively used worldwide, and therefore, contaminate all environmental compartments. The toxicity and the mechanisms by which they affected immune cells are complex and remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of AZO and IPR on the in vitro function of mice peritoneal macrophages including lysosomal enzyme activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and nitric oxide (NO) production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the proliferation of mice splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin (Con)A and LPS, and the production of the Th1cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 by ConA-activated splenocytes. This is the first report indicating that AZO and IPR fungicides dose-dependently inhibited mice macrophage lysosomal enzyme activity and LPS-stimulated production of TNFα and NO. Mitogen-induced proliferation of mice splenocytes was also suppressed by AZO and IPR in a dose-dependent manner. More pronounced impact was observed on ConA-induced response. The production of IFNγ by ConA-stimulated splenocytes was dose-dependently inhibited; however, the production of IL-4 and IL-10 increased in the same conditions. These results suggested that AZO and IPR polarized Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards Th2 response. Overall, marked immunosuppressive effects were observed for AZO. The immunomodulatory effects caused by AZO and IPR were partially reversed by the pharmacological antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting that both fungicides exerted their actions through, at least in part, oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our data showed that AZO and IPR fungicides exerted potent immunomodulatory effects in vitro with eventually strong consequences on immune response and immunologically based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naasri
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Helali
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Majoub Aouni
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Harizi
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ruengprapavut S, Sophonnithiprasert T, Pongpoungphet N. The effectiveness of chemical solutions on the removal of carbaryl residues from cucumber and chili presoaked in carbaryl using the HPLC technique. Food Chem 2020; 309:125659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al-Awthan YS, Salem Bahattab O. Protective Role of Carissa edulis Ethanolic Extract Against Dimethoate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Guinea Pigs. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:299-308. [PMID: 31930853 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.299.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carissa edulis (CE) (Apocynaceae) is distributed in tropical Africa and Asia and commonly used in folk medicine to treat many diseases such as headache, cough, rheumatism and fever. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective role of ethanolic extract of CE, a medicinal plant locally called "Al-Arm" in Yemen, against liver injury induced by dimethoate (DM) intoxication in male guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided randomly into 5 groups and kept at 5 animals per group. The first group was served as a control group and administered with vehicle orally; the group II administered with DM (14 mg kg-1; 1/25 LD50) orally. Animals of group III, IV and V were administered with 100 mg kg-1 of CE extract, 200 mg kg-1 of CE extract and 100 mg kg-1 Liv-52 orally half hour before DM administration, respectively. All the previous administrations were repeated daily for 21 days. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS The DM caused a statistically significant increase in the serum level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) when compared to control animals, whereas CE and Liv-52 pre-treatment to the DM-intoxicated animals resulted in a significant normalization of the activities of enzymes. Similarly, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, while induced significant decreases in the activities of liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). In contrast, co-administration of CE and Liv-52 to DM-treated animals restored most of these biochemical parameters to nearly normal levels. Histopathological examination of intoxicated animals showed many tissues alterations such as; vasodilation, hemorrhage, cytoplasmic vacuolization, inflammation and nuclear pyknosis indicating liver damage, while the animals received CE or Liv-52 showed less pathological effects when compared to animals treated with DM alone. CONCLUSION The biochemical and histological results confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of CE against DM-induced hepatotoxicity in male guinea pigs.
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Verma AS, Mallick P, Dwivedi PD, Singh A. Exogenous supplementation of N-acetylcysteine Can Reduce Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ascites Fluid (Cell-Free) Adsorbed Over Protein-A-Containing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan-I Without Compromising Its Antitumor Effect. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:205-215. [PMID: 31555026 PMCID: PMC6662038 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_216_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatotoxicity along with enhanced mortality has remained a major concern during the development of antitumor therapy with the use of cell-free ascites fluid adsorbed (ad-AF) over Protein-A-containing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC). Major issue with ad-AF inoculation is the significant depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH). Exogenous supplementation of –SH contents to the host has offered an encouraging hope to explore the possibilities to use ad-AF as a therapeutic material due to its antitumor effects. GSH and l-cysteine have shown a promise with the recovery of –SH contents as well as the recovery of phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes. Aforementioned observations prompted us to try other –SH donors. Materials and Methods: Therefore, in this study, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as an exogenous source to provide –SH contents to reduce hepatotoxicity and mortality induced by ad-AF treatment. Results: Exogenous supplementation of NAC along with ad-AF treatment to ascites tumor bearers has shown a significant protection against hepatotoxicity and mortality caused by ad-AF. NAC substitution along with ad-AF has significantly enhanced the mean survival time (MST), without altering the antitumor effect of ad-AF as evident from tumor cell counts and viability. Discussion: NAC supplementation has been successful to recover hepatic –SH contents along with the significant recovery of phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes. Marker enzymes for liver injury have also given clear-cut indications for the recovery of tumor bearers from hepatotoxicity induced by ad-AF. Conclusion: This study has shown that exogenous supplementation of NAC protects the host from the enhanced mortality and hepatotoxicity induced by ad-AF. These observations offer a hope to develop ad-AF as one of the probable treatment strategies for ascites tumors at least at experimental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyadarshini Mallick
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Premendra D Dwivedi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anchal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Piel C, Pouchieu C, Migault L, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Carles C, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Lebailly P, Baldi I, Arveux P, Bara S, Bouvier AM, Busquet T, Colonna M, Coureau G, Delanoé M, Grosclaude P, Guizard AV, Herbrecht P, Laplante JJ, Lapotre-Ledoux B, Launoy G, Lenoir D, Marrer E, Marcotullio E, Maynadié M, Molinié F, Monnereau A, Paumier A, Pouzet P, Thibaudier JM, Troussard X, Velten M, Wavelet E, Woronoff AS. Increased risk of central nervous system tumours with carbamate insecticide use in the prospective cohort AGRICAN. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 48:512-526. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Boulanger
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE Team
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Tual
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
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15
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Song W, Jia C, Jing J, Zhao E, He M, Chen L, Yu P. Residue behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of carbosulfan and its metabolites in cucumber. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:250-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Villagarcía HG, Castro MC, Arbelaez LG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Spinedi E, Francini F. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine treatment efficiently prevented pre-diabetes and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver development in hypothalamic obese rats. Life Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypothalamic obese rats are characterized by pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperadiposity, inflammation and, liver dysmetabolism with oxidative stress (OS), among others. We studied endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions and, liver OS and inflammation in both monosodium l-glutamate (MSG)-neonatally damaged and control litter-mate (C) adult male rats, either chronically treated with N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine since weaned (C-NAC and MSG-NAC) or not. METHODOLOGY We evaluated circulating TBARS, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid (UA) and, aspartate and alanine amino-transferase; insulin sensitivity markers (HOMA indexes, Liver Index of Insulin Sensitivity -LISI-) were calculated and liver steps of the insulin-signaling pathway were investigated. Additionally, we monitored liver OS (protein carbonyl groups, GSH and iNOS level) and inflammation-related markers (COX-2 and TNFα protein content; gene expression level of Il1b, Tnfα and Pai-1); and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic functions (glucokinase/fructokinase activities and, mRNA levels of Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat). KEY FINDINGS Chronic NAC treatment in MSG rats efficiently decreased the high circulating levels of triglycerides, UA, transaminases and TBARS, as well as peripheral (high insulinemia and HOMA indexes) and liver (LISI and the P-AKT:AKT and P-eNOS:eNOS protein ratio values) insulin-resistance. Moreover, NAC therapy in MSG rats prevented liver dysmetabolism by decreasing local levels of OS and inflammation markers. Finally, NAC-treated MSG rats retained normal liver glucokinase and fructokinase activities, and Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat (lipogenic genes) expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE Our study strongly supports that chronic oral antioxidant therapy (NAC administration) prevented the development of pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver in hypothalamic obese rats by efficiently decreasing high endogenous OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Schinella
- Cátedra Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP and CICPBA, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina.
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17
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Marzouki S, Bini Dhouib I, Benabdessalem C, Rekik R, Doghri R, Maroueni A, Bellasfar Z, Fazaa S, Bettaieb J, Barbouche MR, Ben Ahmed M. Specific immune responses in mice following subchronic exposure to acetamiprid. Life Sci 2017; 188:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9448-9458. [PMID: 26988364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host's health. In the literature, carbamate (CM) pesticides have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response, such as hypersensitivity reactions, some autoimmune diseases and cancers. CMs may initiate, facilitate, or exacerbate pathological immune processes, resulting in immunotoxicity by induction of mutations in genes coding for immunoregulatory factors and modifying immune tolerance. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and inhibition of esterases activities have been introduced as the main mechanisms of CMs-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between CM pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases is criticized. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the relationship between immunotoxicity and cancer, and the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
- Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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19
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20
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Jallouli M, El Bini Dhouib I, Dhouib H, Lasram M, Gharbi N, El Fazaa S. Disruption of steroidogenesis after dimethoate exposure and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in rats: an old drug with new approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7975-7984. [PMID: 26769589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) like dimethoate (DMT), are pesticides used worldwide, which can affect both animals and human. Whereas their toxicity is due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, their secondary toxic effects have been related to free oxygen radical biosynthesis. The present study was designed to investigate the reprotoxic effects of DMT and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in male rat. DMT (20 mg/ kg/body weight) was administered daily to rats via gavage in corn oil and NAC (2 g/l) was added to drinking water for 30 days. Rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, 2 h after the last administration. Markers of testis injury (steroidogenesis impairment) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and antioxidant status) were assessed. In DMT-exposed rats, the serum level of testosterone was decreased. Further, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level and a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the testis of rats during DMT intoxication. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a decrease in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory StAR protein, cytochrome P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the testis after DMT exposure. No significant changes in the oxidative stress status and selected reproductive variables were observed on CTN group, whereas NAC restored the oxidative stress and the steroidogenesis on NAC group. Dimethoate induces reprotoxicity and oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine showed therapeutic recovery effects against dimethoate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Jallouli
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Ines El Bini Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
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Elbini Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. A minireview on N-acetylcysteine: An old drug with new approaches. Life Sci 2016; 151:359-363. [PMID: 26946308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine pro-drug and glutathione precursor has been used in therapeutic practices for several decades, as a mucolytic agent and for the treatment of numerous disorders including paracetamol intoxication. There is a growing interest concerning the beneficial effects of NAC against the early stages of toxicity-induced by pesticides. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic and clinical applications of NAC are not fully understood. In this review we aimed to focus on the protective effects of NAC against oxidative stress caused by pesticide in many organs. The possible mechanisms of action may be associated to its antioxidant properties. The anti-oxidative activity of NAC has been attributed to the fast reaction with free radicals as well as the restitution of reduced glutathione (GSH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Elbini Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Jallouli M, Dhouib IEB, Dhouib H, Gharbi N, El Fazaa S. Effects of dimethoate in male mice reproductive parameters. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:853-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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El-Bini Dhouib I, Lasram MM, Annabi A, Gharbi N, El-Fazaa S. A comparative study on toxicity induced by carbosulfan and malathion in Wistar rat liver and spleen. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 124:21-28. [PMID: 26453226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. These pesticides are highly toxic to humans and their residues in food pose potential threat to human health. In this comparative study, we investigated the effect of subchronic exposure of OPs (malathion, MAL) and CM (Carbosulfan, CB) on rat liver and spleen. Biochemical analysis showed that levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, ALP, LDH and PAL) changed after exposure to the pesticides. In the liver extracts, lipid peroxidation index increased after the treatment by pesticides. Our results indicated that exposure to MAL and CB leads to alteration of liver redox status. Both pesticides induced focal inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. After subchronic administration of MAL (200 mg/kg) and CB (25 mg/kg), systemic inflammation, as depicted by the increase in IFN-δ activity in liver, was observed in both malathion and carbosulfan treated animals. In addition, the results showed that MAL significantly increased TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocyte number. It also decreased INF-δ and IL-4 production. However, CB induced a reduction of TCD8+ number and cytokine production in spleen cells. In conclusion, malathion and carbosulfan had significant immunomodulatory properties in the spleen with inflammation and oxidative stress induction in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines El-Bini Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Annabi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El-Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
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