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Souchak J, Mohammed NBB, Lau LS, Dimitroff CJ. The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395714. [PMID: 38840921 PMCID: PMC11150550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion is a complex orchestration of events that commonly feature lectin-ligand interactions between circulating cells, such as immune, stem, and tumor cells, and endothelial cells (ECs) lining post-capillary venules. Characteristically, circulating cell adherence to the vasculature endothelium is initiated through interactions between surface sialo-fucosylated glycoprotein ligands and lectins, specifically platelet (P)- or endothelial (E)-selectin on ECs or between leukocyte (L)-selectin on circulating leukocytes and L-selectin ligands on ECs, culminating in circulating cell extravasation. This lectin-ligand interplay enables the migration of immune cells into specific tissue sites to help maintain effective immunosurveillance and inflammation control, the homing of stem cells to bone marrow or tissues in need of repair, and, unfortunately, in some cases, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to distant metastatic sites. Interestingly, there is a growing body of evidence showing that the family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, known as galectins, can also play pivotal roles in the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we present contemporary knowledge on the significant roles of host- and/or tumor-derived galectin (Gal)-3, -8, and -9 in facilitating the adhesion of circulating cells to the vascular endothelium either directly by acting as bridging molecules or indirectly by triggering signaling pathways to express adhesion molecules on ECs. We also explore strategies for interfering with galectin-mediated adhesion to attenuate inflammation or hinder the metastatic seeding of CTCs, which are often rich in galectins and/or their glycan ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Souchak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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El-Sabbagh WA, Fadel NA, El-Hazek RM, Osman AH, Ramadan LA. Ubiquinol attenuates γ-radiation induced coronary and aortic changes via PDGF/p38 MAPK/ICAM-1 related pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22959. [PMID: 38151557 PMCID: PMC10752893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial vascular injury is one of the most pivotal disorders emerging during radiotherapy. It is crucial to rely on strong antioxidants to defend against vascular damage. The current study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effect of ubiquinol (Ubq) against gamma (γ)-radiation induced aortic and coronary changes, with highlighting its role in suppression of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Exposure to γ-radiation was adopted as a potent detrimental model that induces vascular tissue damage. Concisely, male albino rats were irradiated at a dose level of 7 Gy and treated daily with Ubq (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 7 days pre-and post-irradiation. At the end of the experiment, lipid profile, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), p38 MAPK and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were estimated. Exposure to radiation significantly deteriorates aortic and coronary tissues. Conversely, administration of Ubq significantly reduced serum t-cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides (p = 0.001). In addition, Ubq prevented oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) (p = 0.1) and reduced serum MMP-9 (p = 0.001) which contributed to the endothelial cells damage. The positive impact of Ubq was more apparent in suppression of both PDGF (p = 0.001) and p38 MAPK (p = 0.1) protein concentrations, leading subsequently in reduction of ICAM-1 (p = 0.001) gene expression. As a conclusion, vascular endothelial damage brought on by γ-radiation is one of the leading causes of coronary and aortic deteriorations which could be successfully mitigated by Ubq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha A Fadel
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M El-Hazek
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Osman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Ramadan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University (ERU), Cairo, Egypt
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Casaro S, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Marrero MG, Silva ACM, Santos JEP, Nelson CD, Laporta J, Jeon SJ, Bicalho RC, Driver JP, Galvão KN. Unraveling the immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9244-9259. [PMID: 37641354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to unravel the peripartum immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in Holstein cows. Holstein cows (n = 128) had blood collected at -14, 0, 3, and 7 d relative to parturition (DRP). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate blood leukocyte counts, proportions, and activation. Total cells, live cells, single cells, monocytes (CD172α+/CD14+), polymorphonuclears (CD172α+/CD14-/SSChigh), B-cells (CD21+/MHCII+), CD4+ T-cells (CD4+), CD8+ T-cells (CD8+), and γδ T-cells (γδTCR+) were evaluated. Both CD62L and CD11b were used as markers of cell activation. Major histocompatibility complex class II was used as a marker of antigen presentation in monocytes. A Milliplex Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine 08-plex kit was used to evaluate plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The body weight (BW) change prepartum was calculated as the difference between calving BW and prepartum BW divided by the number of days between measurements. Plasma fatty acids (FA) were measured at -14 and 0 DRP using untargeted gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Cows that developed metritis (n = 57) had greater prepartum BW, prepartum BW loss, and greater FA concentrations at calving. Plasma FA at calving was positively correlated with IL-1β. Cows that developed metritis had persistent systemic inflammation, which was demonstrated by greater B-cell activation, greater pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and greater cell damage pre- and postpartum. Postpartum, we observed greater polymorphonuclear cell activation and extravasation but lesser monocytes and CD4+ T-cells activation and extravasation, which suggests postpartum immune tolerance. Greater prepartum adiposity in cows that developed metritis may lead to systemic inflammation pre- and postpartum and immune tolerance postpartum, which may lead to failure to prevent bacterial infection, and development of puerperal metritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - A C M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845
| | - J P Driver
- Division of Animals Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Kuo YS, Tsai YM. Exploring the Risk Factors and Possible Role of Calcium in Infective Endocarditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2386. [PMID: 37510130 PMCID: PMC10378623 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection that affects the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Although rare, it is a potentially fatal condition, with an incidence of 3-10 cases per 100,000 people per year in developed countries and a mortality rate of up to 30% within 30 days. Early identification and diagnosis are critical for improving outcomes. The diagnosis of IE typically involves a combination of biomarkers, blood cultures, and echocardiography. However, currently, there are no specific biomarkers for the early detection of IE. Given the lack of specific biomarkers for IE, serum calcium levels have been suggested to play a unique role in IE. There have been few articles on the correlation between serum calcium and IE, suggesting that patients with endocarditis and lower levels of serum calcium may have a poorer prognosis. Therefore, in this article, we focus on biomarkers of endocarditis and discuss the evidence showing serum calcium as a potential indicator of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Shou Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Egozi A, Olaloye O, Werner L, Silva T, McCourt B, Pierce RW, An X, Wang F, Chen K, Pober JS, Shouval D, Itzkovitz S, Konnikova L. Single-cell atlas of the human neonatal small intestine affected by necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002124. [PMID: 37205711 PMCID: PMC10234541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal complication of premature infants with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive view of the cellular changes and aberrant interactions that underlie NEC is lacking. This study aimed at filling in this gap. We combine single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), T-cell receptor beta (TCRβ) analysis, bulk transcriptomics, and imaging to characterize cell identities, interactions, and zonal changes in NEC. We find an abundance of proinflammatory macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells as well as T cells that exhibit increased TCRβ clonal expansion. Villus tip epithelial cells are reduced in NEC and the remaining epithelial cells up-regulate proinflammatory genes. We establish a detailed map of aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal-immune interactions that are associated with inflammation in NEC mucosa. Our analyses highlight the cellular dysregulations of NEC-associated intestinal tissue and identify potential targets for biomarker discovery and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oluwabunmi Olaloye
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lael Werner
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tatiana Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Blake McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaojing An
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fujing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dror Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Ensminger DC, Wheeler ND, Al Makki R, Eads KN, Ashley NT. Contrasting effects of sleep fragmentation and angiotensin-II treatment upon pro-inflammatory responses of mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14763. [PMID: 36042284 PMCID: PMC9427781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered sleep promotes inflammation in brain and peripheral tissues, but the mechanisms that regulate these responses are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) from sleep loss elevates blood pressure to promote vascular sheer stress leading to inflammation. As catecholamines produced from SNS activation can directly regulate inflammation, we pharmacologically altered blood pressure using an alternative approach-manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Male C57BL6/J mice were treated with angiotensin or captopril to elevate and reduce blood pressure, respectively and then exposed to 24-h of sleep fragmentation (SF) or allowed to sleep (control). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and as endothelial adhesion gene expression as well as serum glucocorticoids (corticosterone) were measured. RAS manipulation elevated cytokines and endothelial adhesion expression in heart and aorta while SF increased cytokine expression in peripheral tissues, but not brain. However, there were interactive effects of angiotensin-II and SF upon cytokine gene expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but not prefrontal cortex. SF, but not RAS manipulation, elevated serum corticosterone concentration. These findings highlight the contrasting effects of RAS manipulation and SF, implying that inflammation from SF is acting on different pathways that are largely independent of RAS manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Reem Al Makki
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Kristen N Eads
- School of Physician Assistant Studies, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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Staphylococcus aureus Causes the Arrest of Neutrophils in the Bloodstream in a Septicemia Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091696. [PMID: 36144298 PMCID: PMC9502802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus induces the expression of VCAM-1, P- and E-selectins on the endothelial cells of the EA.hy926 cell line but, at the same time, causes the significant suppression of the force and work of adhesion between these receptors of endotheliocytes and the receptors of neutrophils in an experimental septicemia model. Adhesion contacts between the receptors of neutrophils and endotheliocytes are statistically significantly suppressed under non-opsonized and opsonized S. aureus treatment, which disrupts the initial stage of transendothelial migration of neutrophils—adhesion. Thus, S. aureus causes the arrest of neutrophils in the bloodstream in an experimental septicemia model.
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Bulska-Będkowska W, Czajka-Francuz P, Jurek-Cisoń S, Owczarek AJ, Francuz T, Chudek J. The Predictive Role of Serum Levels of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules (sCAMs) in the Therapy of Advanced Breast Cancer—A Single-Centre Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020153. [PMID: 35208477 PMCID: PMC8876996 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) play a significant role in the metastatic potential of breast cancer (BC). They might block lymphocytes and promote angiogenesis and migration of cancer cells. We assessed the usefulness of sCAMs in the prognosis and monitoring of the progression of advanced BC. Materials and Methods: We assessed soluble E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, EpCAM, IL-6Ra, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 in 39 women with aBC. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the treatment and after 2 months. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months, and overall survival (OS) was 27 months. The higher levels of sICAM-1 (HR = 2.60, p = 0.06) and lower levels of sEpCAM (HR = 2.72, p < 0.05) were associated with faster progression of aBC. High levels of sEpCAM through the follow-up period were significantly associated with a lower risk of progression (HR = 0.40, p < 0.01). We found the independent predictive value of higher than median sICAM-1 levels for PFS (HR = 2.07, p = 0.08) and of sVCAM-1 levels for OS (HR = 2.59, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our data support the predictive value of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and suggest that they could become markers for tailoring new therapies in aBC. sEpCAM level could be used as an early indicator of response to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bulska-Będkowska
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-252-60-91
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
| | - Sylwia Jurek-Cisoń
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
| | - Aleksander J. Owczarek
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (P.C.-F.); (S.J.-C.); (J.C.)
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Fadel MM, Abdel Ghaffar FR, Zwain SK, Ibrahim HM, badr EAE. Serum netrin and VCAM-1 as biomarker for Egyptian patients with type IΙ diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101045. [PMID: 34179515 PMCID: PMC8209750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of netrin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-I) in patients with type IΙ diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the association of their levels with the development of a diabetic complication. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was carried out on type II diabetic patients with and without complications and healthy individuals served as controls. All subjects were submitted to the estimation of serum lipid profile, serum creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), visceral adiposity index (VAI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and detection of serum level of netrin1 and VCAM1. RESULTS Diabetic patients with complications had significantly higher serum levels of creatinine, ACR, cholesterol, Triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, netrin1, and VCAM1 than diabetic patients without complications. Likewise, the level of VAI and LAP as markers of excessive body fat were significantly higher in diabetic patients with complications than diabetic patients without complications. The netrin1 and VCAM1 were a significant discriminator of T2DM renal complications with a sensitivity of 96%, 90%, and specificity of 82.7%, 91.3% respectively. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that serum netrin1 and VCAM1 correlated significantly with markers of excessive body fat, a renal complication in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher M. Fadel
- Unit of Immunology and Physiology Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar
- Unit of Immunology and Physiology Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa K. Zwain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- Unit of Immunology and Physiology Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Eman AE. badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Mannan A, Garg N, Singh TG, Kang HK. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ): Molecular Effects and Its Importance as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2800-2831. [PMID: 34282491 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a leading cause of death and long-term disability throughout the world. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the PPAR family. PPAR-ɣ has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury, indicating a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemic injury. A extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the mechanistic role of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and its modulation in Cerebral ischemic injury. PPAR-ɣ can interact with specific DNA response elements to control gene transcription and expression when triggered by its ligand. It regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, modulates antitumor mechanisms, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation. This review article provides insights on the current state of research into the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-ɣ in cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are modulated, such as inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-apoptotic production, modulation of transcription factors, and restoration of injured tissue through neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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11
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Li S, Cao W, Zhou S, Ma M, Zhang W, Li F, Li C. Expression of Cntn1 is regulated by stress and associated with anxiety and depression phenotypes. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:142-153. [PMID: 33737174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of neural circuits associated with depression has increased. Although inherited factors are known to influence individual differences in the risk for this disorder, it has been difficult to identify specific genes that moderate circuit functions affecting depression. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants of Cntn1 that are linked to major depressive disorders. Cntn1, a subset of the neural cell adhesion protein and immunoglobulin supergene family, participates in cell contact formation and axonal growth control and plays a role in degenerative and inflammatory disorders. However, neuronal substrates that mediate Cntn1 action on depression-like phenotypes and involved mechanisms are unclear. Here, we exploited chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) exposure and found that CUS treatment significantly increased hippocampal Cntn1 messenger RNA and protein expression in both mice and rats, but not in the medial prefrontal cortex, which presented a region-specific regulation. Using an adeno-associated virus-based approach to directly overexpress Cntn1 via stereotactic injection, we demonstrated that Cntn1 overexpression in the hippocampus triggered anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in addition to microglia activation or phagocytosis in the hippocampus, resulting in upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL1α, IL6, and Ccl2) mRNA expression and downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL4 and CD206) mRNA expression, determined using real-time quantitative PCR, thus impairing hippocampal immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, determined using immunohistochemical staining for doublecortin, a specific marker for immature neurons. Collectively, our results identified Cntn1 as a novel risk gene involved in regulating anxiety and depression via functional actions in the hippocampus that is correlated with microglial activation or phagocytosis and reduced hippocampal immature neurons. These results may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the risk of depression-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songji Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Shifen Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Minhui Ma
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Changqi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China.
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12
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Bazhenov DO, Khokhlova EV, Viazmina LP, Furaeva KN, Mikhailova VA, Kostin NA, Selkov SA, Sokolov DI. Characteristics of Natural Killer Cell Interaction with Trophoblast Cells During Pregnancy. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:202-219. [PMID: 31393246 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190808103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal natural killer cells (NK cells) are a prevailing leukocyte population in the uteroplacental bed. Current descriptions of the effect of cytokines from the placental microenvironment on the expression of receptors by trophoblast and NK cells are inadequate and contradictory. There is insufficient information about the ability of NK cells to migrate through trophoblast cells. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of conditioned media obtained during culturing of placentas from the first and the third trimesters of healthy pregnancies on the phenotype of trophoblast and NK cells and impact on adhesion and transmigration of NK cells through trophoblast cell layer. RESULTS We established that conditioned media obtained from both first and third trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD106, CD49e, CD49a, CD31, CD51/61, and integrin β6 expression by trophoblast cells. Conditioned media obtained from first trimester placentas increased the intensity of CD11a, CD29, CD49d, CD58, CD29 expression by NK cells. The presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas resulted in more intense CD29, CD49d, CD11a, CD29, CD49d, and CD58 expression by NK cells. Migration of NK cells through trophoblast cells in the presence of conditioned media from first trimester placentas was increased compared with the migration level in the presence of conditioned media from third trimester placentas. This may be associated with increased expression of CD18 by NK cells. CONCLUSION First trimester placental secretory products increase adhesion receptor expression by both trophoblast and NK cells. Under these conditions, trophoblast is capable of ensuring NK cell adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Olegovich Bazhenov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya Valerevna Khokhlova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Pavlovna Viazmina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Nikolaevna Furaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Anatolievna Mikhailova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Anatolievich Kostin
- Resource Centre for the Molecular and Cell Technologies Development, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint- Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Alekseevich Selkov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Igorevich Sokolov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott, Mendeleevskya line, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Federation
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13
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Jin Y, Liu W, Wang F, Wang M, Xu K, Yang A, Wang C, Zhang L, Zhang F, Li M. Tissue factor potentiates adherence of breast cancer cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:74-83. [PMID: 33734001 PMCID: PMC7993123 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1898709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) has been extensively studied for tumor metastasis, but its role in mediating cancer cell adhesion to vasculature remains unknown. This study aimed to measure the ability of TF to mediate the adhesion of breast cancer cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MDA-MB-231 cells expressed the highest TF level and adhered more to HUVECs under static and flow conditions, a neutralizing TF antibody abolished the enhanced adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to HUVECs. Recombinant human soluble TF (rTF) bonded β1integrin on HUVECs surfaces, β1 or α3integrin antibody combined with TF antibody abolished more cell-cell adhesion. These data suggested that TF mediated adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells may rely on β1integrin on HUVECs surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Jin
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- First Affiliated Clinical Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drug Development, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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14
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Yin M, Li C, Jiang J, Le J, Luo B, Yang F, Fang Y, Yang M, Deng Z, Ni W, Shao J. Cell adhesion molecule-mediated therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis: From a biological basis and molecular mechanism to drug delivery nanosystems. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114471. [PMID: 33587918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by pathological constriction of blood vessels due to chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid deposition, is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have the ability to regulate the inflammatory response and endothelial function, as well as potentially driving plaque rupture, which all contribute to the progression of AS. Moreover, recent advances in the development of clinical agents in the cardiovascular field are based on CAMs, which show promising results in the fight against AS. Here, we review the current literature on mechanisms by which CAMs regulate atherosclerotic progression from the earliest induction of inflammation to plaques formation. In particular, we focused on therapeutic strategies based on CAMs inhibitors that prevent leukocyte from migrating to endothelium, including high-affinity antibodies and antagonists, nonspecific traditional medicinal formulas and lipid lowering drugs. The CAMs-based drug delivery nanosystem and the available data on the more reasonable and effective clinical application of CAMs inhibitors have been emphasized, raising hope for further progress in the field of AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chao Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jingqing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bangyue Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Wenxin Ni
- Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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15
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Ludhwani D, Li J, Huang EE, Sikora A, Thomas G. Aerococcus Urinae Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Kissing Aortic Wall Ulcer: A Case Report and Literature Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e920974. [PMID: 32437335 PMCID: PMC7262484 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.920974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 55-year-old Final Diagnosis: Aerococcus urinae endocarditis • infective aortic wall ulcer • infective endocarditis Symptoms: Shortness of breath Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: —
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Ludhwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, Northwestern McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, Northwestern McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
| | - Edward E Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Northwestern McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
| | - Anna Sikora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, Northwestern McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern McHenry Hospital, McHenry, IL, USA
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16
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Song J, Eghan K, Lee S, Park JS, Yoon S, Pimtong W, Kim WK. A Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Using Zebrafish Embryo/Larvae. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020033. [PMID: 32370250 PMCID: PMC7355787 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMG-P), a guanidine-based cationic antimicrobial polymer, is an effective antimicrobial biocide, potent even at low concentrations. Due to its resilient bactericidal properties, it has been used extensively in consumer products. It was safely used until its use in humidifiers led to a catastrophic event in South Korea. Epidemiological studies have linked the use of PHMG-P as a humidifier disinfectant to pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about its harmful impacts other than pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, we applied a zebrafish embryo/larvae model to evaluate developmental and cardiotoxic effects and transcriptome changes using RNA-sequencing. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L of PHMG-P from 3 h to 96 h post fertilization. 2 mg/L of PHMG-P resulted in total mortality and an LC50 value at 96 h was determined at 1.18 mg/L. Significant developmental changes were not observed but the heart rate of zebrafish larvae was significantly altered. In transcriptome analysis, immune and inflammatory responses were significantly affected similarly to those in epidemiological studies. Our qPCR analysis (Itgb1b, TNC, Arg1, Arg2, IL-1β, Serpine-1, and Ptgs2b) also confirmed this following a 96 h exposure to 0.4 mg/L of PHMG-P. Based on our results, PHMG-P might induce lethal and cardiotoxic effects in zebrafish, and crucial transcriptome changes were linked to immune and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongah Song
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Kojo Eghan
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jong-Su Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Wittaya Pimtong
- Nano Environmental and Health Safety Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8305
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17
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Gaudette S, Hughes D, Boller M. The endothelial glycocalyx: Structure and function in health and critical illness. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:117-134. [PMID: 32067360 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a narrative review of the current literature in reference to the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) and its contribution to the pathophysiology of conditions relevant to the veterinary emergency and critical care clinician. Novel therapies for restoring or preserving the EG will also be discussed. DATA SOURCES Online databases (PubMed, CAB abstracts, Scopus) were searched between January 1st 2017 and May 1st 2017 for English language articles without publication date restriction. Keywords included EG, endothelial surface layer, degradation, syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, critical illness, sepsis, trauma, and therapeutics. DATA SYNTHESIS The EG is a complex and important structure located on the luminal surface of all blood vessels throughout the body. It plays an important role in normal vascular homeostasis including control of fluid exchange across the vascular barrier. Loss or degradation of the EG has an impact on inflammation, coagulation, and vascular permeability and tone. These changes are essential components in the pathophysiology of many conditions including sepsis and trauma. A substantial body of experimental animal and human clinical research over the last decade has demonstrated increased circulating concentrations of EG degradation products in these conditions. However, veterinary-specific research into the EG and critical illness is currently lacking. The utility of EG degradation products as diagnostic and prognostic tools continues to be investigated and new therapies to preserve or improve EG structure and function are under development. CONCLUSIONS The recognition of the presence of the EG has changed our understanding of transvascular fluid flux and the pathophysiology of many conditions of critical illness. The EG is an exciting target for novel therapeutics to improve morbidity and mortality in conditions such as sepsis and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gaudette
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Dez Hughes
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.,Translational Research and Clinical Trials (TRACTS) Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Manuel Boller
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.,Translational Research and Clinical Trials (TRACTS) Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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18
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Asselstine V, Miglior F, Suárez-Vega A, Fonseca PAS, Mallard B, Karrow N, Islas-Trejo A, Medrano JF, Cánovas A. Genetic mechanisms regulating the host response during mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9043-9059. [PMID: 31421890 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a very costly and common disease in the dairy industry. The study of the transcriptome from healthy and mastitic milk somatic cell samples using RNA-Sequencing technology can provide measurements of transcript levels associated with the immune response to the infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the Holstein milk somatic cell transcriptome from 6 cows to determine host response to intramammary infections. RNA-Sequencing was performed on 2 samples from each cow from 2 separate quarters, one classified as healthy (n = 6) and one as mastitic (n = 6). In total, 449 genes were differentially expressed between the healthy and mastitic quarters (false discovery rate <0.05, fold change >±2). Among the differentially expressed genes, the most expressed genes based on reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM) in the healthy group were associated with milk components (CSN2 and CSN3), and in the mastitic group they were associated with immunity (B2M and CD74). In silico functional analysis was performed using the list of 449 differentially expressed genes, which identified 36 significantly enriched metabolic pathways (false discovery rate <0.01), some of which were associated with the immune system, such as cytokine-cytokine interaction and cell adhesion molecules. Seven functional candidate genes were selected, based on the criteria of being highly differentially expressed between healthy and mastitic groups and significantly enriched in metabolic pathways that are relevant to the inflammatory process (GLYCAM1, B2M, CD74, BoLA-DRA, FCER1G, SDS, and NFKBIA). Last, we identified the differentially expressed genes that are located in quantitative trait locus regions previously known to be associated with mastitis, specifically clinical mastitis, somatic cell count, and somatic cell score. It was concluded that multiple genes within quantitative trait locus regions could potentially affect host response to mastitis-causing agents, making some cows more susceptible to intramammary infections. The identification of potential candidate genes with functional, statistical, biological, and positional relevance associated with host defense to infection will contribute to a better understanding of the underlying genetic architecture associated with mastitis. This in turn will improve the sustainability of agricultural practices by facilitating the selection of cows with improved host defense leading to increased resistance to mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Asselstine
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - A Suárez-Vega
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - P A S Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - N Karrow
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - A Islas-Trejo
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616
| | - J F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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19
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Østergaard L, Mogensen UM, Bundgaard JS, Dahl A, Wang A, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason G, Køber L, Køber N, Dejgaard TF, Frandsen CS, Fosbøl EL. Duration and complications of diabetes mellitus and the associated risk of infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 278:280-284. [PMID: 30291010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of infection, however no studies have yet focused on the duration of DM and the associated risk of infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS Patients with DM were identified through the Danish Prescription Registry, 1996-2015. Duration of DM was split in follow-up periods of: 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and >15 years. Multivariable adjusted Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) according to study groups. DM late-stage complications and the associated risk of IE were investigated as time-varying covariates using the validated Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI). RESULTS We included 299,551 patients with DM. In patients with DM duration of 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and >15 years, the incidence rates of IE were 0.24, 0.33, 0.58, and 0.96 cases of IE/1000 person years, respectively. Patients with DM duration 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and >15 years were associated with a higher risk of IE with an IRR of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.02-1.51), 1.92 (95% CI: 1.52-2.43) and 3.05 (95% CI: 2.11-4.40), respectively, compared with DM duration 0-5 years. Patients with a DCSI score of 2, 3 and >3 were associated with a higher risk of IE compared with patients with a DCSI score of 0, IRR = 1.78 (95% CI: 1.34-2.36), IRR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.73-3.16), and IRR = 2.59 (95% CI: 1.92-3.48), respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows a stepwise increase in the risk of IE with DM duration and severity independent of age and known comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrik M Mogensen
- Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Department of Cardiology, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nana Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Jiang P, Wu J, Chen X, Ning B, Liu Q, Li Z, Li M, Yang F, Cao Y, Wang R, Wang S. Quantitative proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms by iTRAQ. J Proteomics 2018; 182:45-52. [PMID: 29729990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in cerebral aneurysms rupture remain unclear. This study was performed to investigate the differentially expressed proteins between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms using quantitative proteomics. The aneurysmal walls of six ruptured aneurysms and six unruptured aneurysms were collected during the surgical operation. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins and western blotting was performed to validate the expression of the proteins of interest. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed proteins was also performed using the KEGG database and GO database. Between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, 169 proteins were found differently expressed, including 74 up-regulated proteins and 95 down-regulated proteins with a fold change ≥ 2 and p value ≤ .05. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that phagosome, focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction were the most common pathways involved in aneurysm rupture. In addition, the differential expressions of ITGB3, CRABP1 and S100A9 were validated by western blotting. Through the iTRAQ method, we found that inflammatory responses and cell-matrix interactions may play a significant role in the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. These findings provide a basis for better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with aneurysm rupture. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Intracranial aneurysm is the leading cause of life-threating subarachnoid hemorrhage which can cause 45% patients die within 30 days and severe morbidity in long-term survivors. With a high prevalence ranging from 1% to 5% in general population, cerebral aneurysm has become a widespread health hazard over past decades. Though great advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of aneurysm rupture remains undetermined and a lot of uncertainty still exists surrounding the treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Clarifying the mechanism associated with aneurysm rupture is important for estimating the rupture risk, as well as the development of new treatment strategy. Some previous studies have analyzed the molecular differences between ruptured and unruptured IAs at gene and mRNA levels, but further comprehensive proteomic studies are relatively rare. Here we performed a comparative proteomics study to investigate the differentially expressed proteins between ruptured IAs (RIAs) and unruptured IAs (UIAs). Results of our present study will provide more insights into the pathogenesis of aneurysm rupture at protein level. With a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with aneurysm rupture, some noninvasive treatment strategies may be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of neurosurgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengsong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Maogui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China.
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Moreno E, Canet J, Gracia E, Lluís C, Mallol J, Canela EI, Cortés A, Casadó V. Molecular Evidence of Adenosine Deaminase Linking Adenosine A 2A Receptor and CD26 Proteins. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29497379 PMCID: PMC5818423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that acts in all living systems as a homeostatic network regulator through many pathways, which are adenosine receptor (AR)-dependent and -independent. From a metabolic point of view, adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential protein in the regulation of the total intracellular and extracellular adenosine in a tissue. In addition to its cytosolic localization, ADA is also expressed as an ecto-enzyme on the surface of different cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) and some ARs act as binding proteins for extracellular ADA in humans. Since CD26 and ARs interact with ADA at opposite sites, we have investigated if ADA can function as a cell-to-cell communication molecule by bridging the anchoring molecules CD26 and A2AR present on the surfaces of the interacting cells. By combining site-directed mutagenesis of ADA amino acids involved in binding to A2AR and a modification of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique that allows detection of interactions between two proteins expressed in different cell populations with low steric hindrance (NanoBRET), we show direct evidence of the specific formation of trimeric complexes CD26-ADA-A2AR involving two cells. By dynamic mass redistribution assays and ligand binding experiments, we also demonstrate that A2AR-NanoLuc fusion proteins are functional. The existence of this ternary complex is in good agreement with the hypothesis that ADA could bridge T-cells (expressing CD26) and dendritic cells (expressing A2AR). This is a new metabolic function for ecto-ADA that, being a single chain protein, it has been considered as an example of moonlighting protein, because it performs more than one functional role (as a catalyst, a costimulator, an allosteric modulator and a cell-to-cell connector) without partitioning these functions in different subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Júlia Canet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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Wisgrill L, Muck M, Wessely I, Berger A, Spittler A, Förster-Waldl E, Sadeghi K. Endothelial cells of extremely premature infants display impaired immune response after proinflammatory stimulation. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:128-134. [PMID: 29278644 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundEndothelial cells (ECs) exert immunological functions such as production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as well as facilitation of extravasation of immune cells into infected tissue. Limited data are available on the functionality of ECs from extremely preterm neonates during infection. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to investigate the immune response of premature ECs after proinflammatory stimulation.MethodsCell adhesion receptors' expression and function, nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB) signaling, and chemokine production were analyzed in umbilical cord ECs from extremely preterm and term neonates after proinflammatory stimulation.ResultsP-selectin and E-selectin surface expression as well as NFκB signaling were lower after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in premature ECs. Preterm ECs exhibited lower, but significant, cell-adhesive functions after LPS stimulation compared with term ECs. CCL2/CXCL8 chemokine secretion was significantly upregulated after proinflammatory stimulation in both groups. CXCL10 production was significantly increased in term but not in preterm ECs upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor compared with unstimulated ECs.ConclusionExtremely premature ECs showed partly reduced expression levels and function of cell adhesion molecules. Both NFκB signaling and chemokine/cytokine production were reduced in premature ECs. The diminished endothelial proinflammatory immune response might result in impaired infection control of preterm newborns rendering them prone to severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Muck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabelle Wessely
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kambis Sadeghi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Silva LM, Hirai KE, de Sousa JR, de Souza J, Dias LB, Carneiro FRO, Aarão TLDS, Fuzii HT, Quaresma JAS. NFκB transcription factor (p65) immunohistochemistry in leprosy dermal microvasculature. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:427-431. [PMID: 29170041 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations that are determined by the predominant immunological profile of the host. The recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of injury can influence the development of these profiles. Cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD62E participate in this process and their expression is regulated by transcriptions factors such as NFκB. To correlate the expression of cell adhesion molecules and NFκB (p65) in leprosy lesions, 30 skin biopsies of patients with leprosy [16 with the tuberculoid (TT) or borderline tuberculoid (BT) forms and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) or borderline lepromatous (BL) forms] were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A larger mean number of cells expressing VCAM-1 (BT/TT: 18.28 ± 1.4; BL/LL: 10.67 ± 1.2; p = 0.0002), ICAM-1 (BT/TT: 9.92 ± 1.1; BL/LL: 5.87 ± 1.0; p = 0.0084) and CD62E (BT/TT: 13.0 ± 1.5; BL/LL: 2.58 ± 0.3; p = 0.0001) were observed in BT and TT lesions. The mean number of cells expressing NFκB was similar in the two clinical forms (BT/TT: 2.21 ± 2.7; BL/LL: 2.35 ± 3.1;p = 0.9285). No significant correlation was observed between expression of the transcription factor and adhesion molecules analyzed. The synthesis of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD62E depends on the activation of NFκB, which acts synergistically with other transcription factors. Adequate activation of intracellular signaling pathways results in the production of endothelial adhesion molecules, contributing to the recruitment of cells to the site of injury and thus eliciting an effective inflammatory response in the elimination of the bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mota Silva
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Kelly Emi Hirai
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez de Souza
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Leônidas Braga Dias
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Center of Biological and Health Science, State University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Center, Federal do Para University, Belem, Brazil.
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24
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Langlois V, Marie I. Endocardites infectieuses associées aux anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles (ANCA) : revue de la littérature. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:450-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Surgical Management of Multiple Valve Endocarditis Associated with Dialysis Catheter. Case Rep Infect Dis 2016; 2016:4072056. [PMID: 27994895 PMCID: PMC5138483 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocarditis associated with dialysis catheter is a disease that must be suspected in every patient with hemodialysis who develops fever. Multiple valve disease is a severe complication of endocarditis that needs to be managed in a different way. There is very limited data for treatment and every case must be considered individually. We present a patient with this complication and describe the medical treatment and surgical management. We report the case of a 15-year-old patient with acute renal failure that develops trivalvular endocarditis after the hemodialysis catheter was placed, with multiple positive blood culture for Staphylococcus aureus. Transesophageal echocardiography was done and aortic and tricuspid valvular vegetations and mitral insufficiency were reported. Patient was successfully treated by surgery on the three valves, including aortic valve replacement. There is limited data about the appropriate treatment for multiple valvular endocarditis; it is important to consider this complication in the setting of hemodialysis patients that develop endocarditis and, despite the appropriate treatment, have a torpid evolution. In countries where endovenous drug abuse is uncommon, right sided endocarditis is commonly associated with vascular catheters. Aggressive surgical management should be the treatment of choice in these kinds of patients.
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26
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de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Ferreira AC, Nascimento DO, Siqueira AM, Campbell RA, Teixeira Ferreira TP, Gutierrez TM, Ribeiro GM, E Silva PMR, Carvalho AR, Bozza PT, Zimmerman GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) mediates experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS). Malar J 2016; 15:393. [PMID: 27473068 PMCID: PMC4967320 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a potentially lethal complication of clinical malaria. Acute lung injury in MA-ARDS shares features with ARDS triggered by other causes, including alveolar inflammation and increased alveolar-capillary permeability, leading to leak of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid. Mechanisms and physiologic alterations in MA-ARDS can be examined in murine models of this syndrome. Integrin αDβ2 is a member of the leukocyte, or β2 (CD18), sub-family of integrins, and emerging observations indicate that it has important activities in leukocyte adhesion, accumulation and signalling. The goal was to perform analysis of the lungs of mice wild type C57Bl/6 (a D (+/+) ) and Knockout C57Bl/6 (a D (-/-) ) with malaria-associated acute lung injury to better determine the relevancy of the murine models and investigate the mechanism of disease. METHODS C57BL/6 wild type (a D (+/+) ) and deficient for CD11d sub-unit (a D (-/-) ) mice were monitored after infection with 10(5) Plasmodium berghei ANKA. CD11d subunit expression RNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, vascular barrier integrity by Evans blue dye (EBD) exclusion and cytokines by ELISA. Protein and leukocytes were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Tissue cellularity was measured by the point-counting technique, F4/80 and VCAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Respiratory function was analysed by non-invasive BUXCO and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Alveolar inflammation, vascular and interstitial accumulation of monocytes and macrophages, and disrupted alveolar-capillary barrier function with exudation of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid were present in P. berghei-infected wild type mice and were improved in αDβ2-deficient animals. Key pro-inflammatory cytokines were also decreased in lung tissue from α D (-/-) mice, providing a mechanistic explanation for reduced alveolar-capillary inflammation and leak. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that αDβ2 is an important inflammatory effector molecule in P. berghei-induced MA-ARDS, and that leukocyte integrins regulate critical inflammatory and pathophysiologic events in this model of complicated malaria. Genetic deletion of integrin subunit αD in mice, leading to deficiency of integrin αDβ2, alters lung inflammation and acute lung injury in a mouse model of MA-ARDS caused by P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaclaudia G de Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - André Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele O Nascimento
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tatiana P Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Engenharia Pulmonar no Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia-COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia M R E Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Respiração, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.,Programa de Produtividade Científica, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bleizgys A, Šapoka V. Could both vitamin D and geomagnetic activity impact serum levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in young men? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:1075-1088. [PMID: 26546313 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D might have a role in diminishing endothelial dysfunction (ED). The initial aim was to test the hypothesis of reciprocity between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and levels of soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that could serve as biomarkers of ED. Randomly selected men of age 20-39 were examined at February or March (cold season) and reexamined at August or September (warm season). Some lifestyle and anthropometrical data were recorded. Laboratory measurements, including those for serum levels of soluble CAMs-sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sP-selectin-were also performed. As some of the results were rather unexpected, indices of geomagnetic activity (GMA), obtained from the online database, were included in further analysis as a confounder. In 2012-2013, 130 men were examined in cold season, and 125 of them were reexamined in warm season. 25(OH)D levels were found to be significantly negatively associated with sVCAM-1 levels (β = -0.15, p = 0.043 in warm season; β = -0.19, p = 0.007 for changes). Levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 from the same seasons were notably different between years and have changed in an opposite manner. Soluble P-selectin levels were higher at warm season in both years. GMA was positively associated with sVCAM-1 (β = 0.17, p = 0.039 in cold season; β = 0.22, p = 0.002 for changes) and negatively with sICAM-1 (β = -0.30. p < 0.001 in cold season) levels. Vitamin D might play a role in diminishing sVCAM-1 levels. Levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were associated with the GMA; this implies a need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Bleizgys
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology of Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Virginijus Šapoka
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology of Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Santariškių 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Thomas KA, King RG, Sestero CM, Justement LB. TREM-like transcript 2 is stored in human neutrophil primary granules and is up-regulated in response to inflammatory mediators. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:177-84. [PMID: 26753760 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab1115-507r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell locus encodes a family of receptors that is emerging as an important class of molecules involved in modulating the innate immune response and inflammation. Of the 4 conserved members, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcripts 1 and 2, relatively little is known about triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 expression and function, particularly in humans. In this study, experiments were performed to determine if triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 expression is conserved between mouse and human, demonstrating that human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 is expressed on cells of the lymphoid, as well as myeloid/granuloid lineages, similar to murine triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2. Consistent with studies in the mouse, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 expression is up-regulated in response to inflammatory mediators on human neutrophils. Importantly, it was shown that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2, in resting human neutrophils, is predominantly localized to intracellular vesicles, including secretory vesicles and primary granules; with the majority of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 stored in primary granules. In contrast to other primary granule proteins, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 is not expelled on neutrophil extracellular traps but is retained in the plasma membrane following primary granule exocytosis. In summary, these findings establish that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 expression is conserved between species and is likely to be important in regulating neutrophil antimicrobial function following primary granule exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | | | - Louis B Justement
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
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Wang J, Yu L, Huang X, Wang Y, Zhao J. Comparative proteome analysis of saccular intracranial aneurysms with iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2016; 130:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Bezerra GA, Viertlmayr R, Moura TR, Delatorre P, Rocha BAM, do Nascimento KS, Figueiredo JG, Bezerra IG, Teixeira CS, Simões RC, Nagano CS, de Alencar NMN, Gruber K, Cavada BS. Structural studies of an anti-inflammatory lectin from Canavalia boliviana seeds in complex with dimannosides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97015. [PMID: 24865454 PMCID: PMC4035259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins, especially those purified from species of the Leguminosae family, represent the best-studied group of carbohydrate-binding proteins. Lectins purified from seeds of the Diocleinae subtribe exhibit a high degree of sequence identity notwithstanding that they show very distinct biological activities. Two main factors have been related to this feature: variance in key residues influencing the carbohydrate-binding site geometry and differences in the pH-dependent oligomeric state profile. In this work, we have isolated a lectin from Canavalia boliviana (Cbol) and solved its x-ray crystal structure in the unbound form and in complex with the carbohydrates Man(α1-3)Man(α1-O)Me, Man(α1-4)Man(α1-O)Me and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-mannose. We evaluated its oligomerization profile at different pH values using Small Angle X-ray Scattering and compared it to that of Concanavalin A. Based on predicted pKa-shifts of amino acids in the subunit interfaces we devised a model for the dimer-tetramer equilibrium phenomena of these proteins. Additionally, we demonstrated Cbol anti-inflammatory properties and further characterized them using in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (BSC); (GAB)
| | - Roland Viertlmayr
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tales Rocha Moura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Plínio Delatorre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jozi Godoy Figueiredo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Cicero Silvano Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rafael Conceição Simões
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Department of Fishing Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benildo Sousa Cavada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BSC); (GAB)
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Abstract
Endometriosis has been associated with aberrant methylation in the eutopic endometrium. Using a genome-wide methylation array, we identified differentially methylated genes in the endometrium from women with or without endometriosis. One hundred and twenty genes were significantly altered by >1.5-fold. In all, 59 genes were significantly hypermethylated and 61 genes were significantly hypomethylated. Changes in gene expression associated with the altered methylation status were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A limited number of candidate genes are selectively methylated in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. Several genes not previously associated with endometriosis are aberrantly methylated and expressed. These include O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, dual specificity phosphatase 22, cell division cycle associated 2, inhibitor of DNA binding 2, retinoblastoma binding protein 7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1B, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1B, zinc finger protein receptor 681, immunoglobulin superfamily, member 21, and tumor protein 73. Aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression of these genes may contribute to abnormal regulation of endometrial cell proliferation and function in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyia Naqvi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ysabel Ilagan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Graciela Krikun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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d'Arcy R, Tirelli N. Fishing for fire: strategies for biological targeting and criteria for material design in anti-inflammatory therapies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard d'Arcy
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- School of Medicine/Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
- School of Materials; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK
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Zhao YJ, Yang X, Ren L, Cai AS, Zhang YF. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Correlations of SELE and SELP genetic polymorphisms with myocardial infarction risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4521-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yen FL, Tsai MH, Yang CM, Liang CJ, Lin CC, Chiang YC, Lee HC, Ko HH, Lee CW. Curcumin nanoparticles ameliorate ICAM-1 expression in TNF-α-treated lung epithelial cells through p47 (phox) and MAPKs/AP-1 pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63845. [PMID: 23671702 PMCID: PMC3650060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) involves adhesions between both circulating and resident leukocytes and the human lung epithelial cells during lung inflammatory reactions. We have previously demonstrated that curcumin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles (CURN) improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of curcumin in hepatocytes. In this study, we focused on the effects of CURN on the expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-α-treated lung epithelial cells and compared these to the effects of curcumin water preparation (CURH). TNF-αinduced ICAM-1 expression, ROS production, and cell-cell adhesion were significantly attenuated by the pretreatment with antioxidants (DPI, APO, or NAC) and CURN, but not by CURH, as revealed by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, promoter assay, and ROS detection and adhesion assay. In addition, treatment of TNF-α-treated cells with CURN and antioxidants also resulted in an inhibition of activation of p47 (phox) and phosphorylation of MAPKs, as compared to that using CURH. Our findings also suggest that phosphorylation of MAPKs may eventually lead to the activation of transcription factors. We also observed that the effects of TNF-α treatment for 30 min, which includes a significant increase in the binding activity of AP-1 and phosphorylation of c-jun and c-fos genes, were reduced by CURN treatment. In vivo studies have revealed that CURN improved the anti-inflammation activities of CURH in the lung epithelial cells of TNF-α-treated mice. Our results indicate that curcumin-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles may potentially serve as an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Burlet E, Jain SK. Manganese supplementation reduces high glucose-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6409-16. [PMID: 23329836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.447805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of increased vascular inflammation, dyslipidemia, and the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Previous studies have reported lower levels of Mn(2+) in the plasma and lymphocytes of diabetic patients and in the heart and aortic tissue of patients with atherosclerosis. This study examines the hypothesis that Mn(2+) supplementation can reduce the markers/risk factors of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with or without Mn(2+) supplementation and then exposed to high glucose (HG, 25 mm) to mimic diabetic conditions. Mn(2+) supplementation caused a reduction in monocyte adhesion to HUVECs treated with HG or MCP-1. Mn(2+) also inhibited ROS levels, MCP-1 secretion, and ICAM-1 up-regulation in HUVECs treated with HG. Silencing studies using siRNA against MnSOD showed that similar results were observed in MnSOD knockdown HUVECs following Mn(2+) supplementation, suggesting that the effect of manganese on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is mediated by ROS and ICAM-1, but not MnSOD. To validate the relevance of our findings in vivo, Zucker diabetic fatty rats were gavaged daily with water (placebo) or MnCl2 (16 mg/kg of body weight) for 7 weeks. When compared with placebo, Mn(2+)-supplemented rats showed lower blood levels of ICAM-1 (17%, p < 0.04), cholesterol (25%, p < 0.05), and MCP-1 (28%, p = 0.25). These in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that Mn(2+) supplementation can down-regulate ICAM-1 expression and ROS independently of MnSOD, leading to a decrease in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and therefore can lower the risk of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Burlet
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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36
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Melanophore migration and survival during zebrafish adult pigment stripe development require the immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule Igsf11. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002899. [PMID: 22916035 PMCID: PMC3420941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish adult pigment pattern has emerged as a useful model for understanding the development and evolution of adult form as well as pattern-forming mechanisms more generally. In this species, a series of horizontal melanophore stripes arises during the larval-to-adult transformation, but the genetic and cellular bases for stripe formation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the seurat mutant phenotype, consisting of an irregular spotted pattern, arises from lesions in the gene encoding Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 (Igsf11). We find that Igsf11 is expressed by melanophores and their precursors, and we demonstrate by cell transplantation and genetic rescue that igsf11 functions autonomously to this lineage in promoting adult stripe development. Further analyses of cell behaviors in vitro, in vivo, and in explant cultures ex vivo demonstrate that Igsf11 mediates adhesive interactions and that mutants for igsf11 exhibit defects in both the migration and survival of melanophores and their precursors. These findings identify the first in vivo requirements for igsf11 as well as the first instance of an immunoglobulin superfamily member functioning in pigment cell development and patterning. Our results provide new insights into adult pigment pattern morphogenesis and how cellular interactions mediate pattern formation. Vertebrate pigment patterns are stunningly diverse and have been an important model of pattern formation for more than a century. Nevertheless, we still know remarkably little about the genes and cell behaviors that underlie the generation of specific patterns. To elucidate such mechanisms, a large number of pigment pattern mutants have been isolated in the genetically tractable zebrafish. Instead of the normal horizontal stripe pattern, many of these mutants exhibit spots of varying sizes and degrees of organization. Here, we show that one such mutant, seurat, named for the 19th century pointillist, George Seurat, exhibits lesions in the gene encoding a classical cell adhesion molecule (CAM) of the immunoglobulin superfamily, Igsf11. We find that Igsf11 mediates cell adhesion and promotes the migration and survival of melanophores and their precursors during adult stripe formation. These results are exciting because they are the first time that a CAM has been implicated in pigment pattern formation, despite the long-standing expectation that such molecules might be required to regulate adhesive interactions during these events. These cellular phenotypes further represent the first known in vivo functions for Igsf11 and point to the potential for similar activities amongst the rich diversity of immunoglobulin superfamily members.
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