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Jannat M, Auyon ST, Tushar ASM, Tonny SH, Hasan MH, Shahi M, Singha UR, Sultana A, Akter S, Islam MR. Seed Priming with Rhizospheric Bacillus subtilis: A Smart Strategy for Reducing Fumonisin Contamination in Pre-Harvest Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:337. [PMID: 39195747 PMCID: PMC11358949 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in Bangladesh, is severely contaminated by fumonisin, a carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium including Fusarium proliferatum. Biocontrol with Bacillus strains is an effective approach to controlling this F. proliferatum as Bacillus has proven antagonistic properties against this fungus. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how native Bacillus strains can reduce fumonisin in maize cultivated in Bangladesh, where BDISO76MR (Bacillus subtilis) strains showed the highest efficacy both in vitro in detached cob and in planta under field conditions. The BDISO76MR strain could reduce the fumonisin concentration in detached cob at 98.52% over untreated control, by inhibiting the conidia germination and spore formation of F. proliferatum at 61.56% and 77.01%, respectively in vitro. On the other hand, seed treatment with formulated BDISO76MR showed higher efficacy with a reduction of 97.27% fumonisin contamination compared to the in planta cob inoculation (95.45%) over untreated control. This implies that Bacillus-based formulation might be a potential approach in mitigating fumonisin contamination in maize to ensure safe food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhtarima Jannat
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Shah Tasdika Auyon
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abu Sina Md. Tushar
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Md. Hasibul Hasan
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mangal Shahi
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Uday Rana Singha
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (U.R.S.); (A.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (U.R.S.); (A.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sabera Akter
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (U.R.S.); (A.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Rashidul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.J.); (A.S.M.T.); (S.H.T.); (M.H.H.); (M.S.)
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Das S, Chaudhari AK. Encapsulation of Apium graveolens essential oil into chitosan nanobiopolymer for protection of stored rice against Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins contamination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29954. [PMID: 38694117 PMCID: PMC11061702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present investigation entails the encapsulation of Apium graveolens essential oil into chitosan nanobiopolymer (AGEO-Ne) and assessment of its efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides contamination and fumonisins biosynthesis in stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples. The AGEO was encapsulated through ionic gelation process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The AGEO exhibited bi-phasic delivery pattern from chitosan matrix. The AGEO caused complete inhibition of F. verticillioides growth at 1.2 μL/mL, while fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) biosynthesis at 1.2 and 1.0 μL/mL, respectively. On the other hand, nanoencapsulated AGEO (AGEO-Ne) exhibited improved efficacy, caused complete inhibition of fungal growth at 0.8 μL/mL, and FB1 and FB2 production at 0.8 and 0.6 μL/mL, respectively. AGEO-Ne caused 100 % inhibition of ergosterol synthesis at 0.8 μL/mL and exhibited greater efflux of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ ions (18.99, 21.63, and 25.38 mg/L) as well as 260 and 280 nm absorbing materials from exposed fungal cells. The in silico interaction of granyl acetate and linalyl acetate with FUM 21 protein validated the molecular mechanism for inhibition of FB1 and FB2 biosynthesis. Further, improvement in antioxidant activity of AGEO-Ne was observed after encapsulation with IC50 values of 12.08 and 6.40 μL/mL against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. During in situ investigation, AGEO caused 82.09 and 86.32 % protection of rice against F. verticillioides contamination in inoculated and uninoculated rice samples, respectively, while AGEO-Ne exhibited 100 % protection of fumigated rice samples against F. verticillioides proliferation as well as FB1 and FB2 contamination. The AGEO-Ne also caused better retardation of lipid peroxidation (41.35 and 37.52 μM/g FW malondialdehyde in inoculated and uninoculated treatment) and acceptable organoleptic properties in rice samples, which strengthen its application as plant based novel preservative in food and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Purba Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Botany, Rajkiya Mahila Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, 233001, India
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Lopes LDS, Ramos GLPA, Alvarenga VO, Campagnollo FB, Oliveira SBS, Freire L, Sant'Ana AS. Quantitative risk assessment of the presence of fumonisin in corn produced in different regions of Brazil: Influence of climatic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116907. [PMID: 37597829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the probability of occurrence of fumonisins in corn in the states of greatest production in Brazil was determined. The data were analyzed through quantitative risk analysis using the Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated that there is a strong correlation between fumonisins contamination levels and the geographical region due to the influence of climatic characteristics, with temperature having the main influence. The Southern states presented higher risks of occurrence and concentration levels of fumonisins in corn due to the temperate climate with lower average temperature and higher relative humidity and precipitation indices. Cultivation in the best season indicates a significant reduction in the production of fumonisins when this period was evaluated, with average concentration levels up to 42% lower. The generated data are important for regulatory agencies and the agricultural sector, which needs to be aware that the chance of success in grain production depends on efficient planning of the growing season, mainly concerning the climatic conditions to which it is subject to minimize the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Dos Santos Lopes
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L P A Ramos
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica O Alvarenga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Campagnollo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Syllas B S Oliveira
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Freire
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Shi Y, Ouyang B, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Xu W, Mu W. Recent developments of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes: identification, preparation and application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10089-10104. [PMID: 37293851 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi during their growth. They not only seriously affect the yield of food crops but also pose a threat to human and animal health. Physical and chemical methods have been widely used to reduce the production and accumulation of mycotoxins in the field or after harvest, but these methods have difficulty in completely removing mycotoxins while keeping the nutrients at the same time. Biodegradation methods using isolated enzymes have shown superiority and potential for modest reaction conditions, high degradation efficiency and degradation products with low toxicity. Therefore, the occurrence, chemical structures, and toxicology of six prevalent mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxin, patulin, fumonisin, and ochratoxin) were described in this manuscript. The identification and application of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes were thoroughly reviewed. It is believed that in the near future, mycotoxin-degrading enzymes are expected to be commercially developed and used in the feed and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Binbin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Corbu VM, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Dumbravă AȘ, Vrâncianu CO, Șesan TE. Current Insights in Fungal Importance-A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1384. [PMID: 37374886 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides plants and animals, the Fungi kingdom describes several species characterized by various forms and applications. They can be found in all habitats and play an essential role in the excellent functioning of the ecosystem, for example, as decomposers of plant material for the cycling of carbon and nutrients or as symbionts of plants. Furthermore, fungi have been used in many sectors for centuries, from producing food, beverages, and medications. Recently, they have gained significant recognition for protecting the environment, agriculture, and several industrial applications. The current article intends to review the beneficial roles of fungi used for a vast range of applications, such as the production of several enzymes and pigments, applications regarding food and pharmaceutical industries, the environment, and research domains, as well as the negative impacts of fungi (secondary metabolites production, etiological agents of diseases in plants, animals, and humans, as well as deteriogenic agents).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Maria Corbu
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Ștefania Dumbravă
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrâncianu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Eugenia Șesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, 61 Bd. Mărăşti, District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Bryła M, Pierzgalski A, Zapaśnik A, Uwineza PA, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak E, Modrzewska M, Waśkiewicz A. Recent Research on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize-A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3465. [PMID: 36360078 PMCID: PMC9659149 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most susceptible crops to pathogenic fungal infections, and in particular to the Fusarium species. Secondary metabolites of Fusarium spp.-mycotoxins are not only phytotoxic, but also harmful to humans and animals. They can cause acute or chronic diseases with various toxic effects. The European Union member states apply standards and legal regulations on the permissible levels of mycotoxins in food and feed. This review summarises the most recent knowledge on the occurrence of toxic secondary metabolites of Fusarium in maize, taking into account modified forms of mycotoxins, the progress in research related to the health effects of consuming food or feed contaminated with mycotoxins, and also the development of biological methods for limiting and/or eliminating the presence of the same in the food chain and in compound feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pierzgalski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zapaśnik
- Department of Microbiology, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pascaline Aimee Uwineza
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Modrzewska
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
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Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor for detection of mycotoxins: A review. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113349. [PMID: 36088984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin is one of the most important natural pollutants, which poses a global threat to food safety. However, the pollution of mold in food production is inevitable. The detection technology of mycotoxins in food production is an important means to prevent the damage of mycotoxins, so rapid detection and screening to avoid pollution diffusion is essential. The focus of this review is to update the literature on the detection of mycotoxins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, rather than just traditional chromatographic methods. As a relatively novel and simple analytical method, SPR has been proved to be fast, sensitive and label-free, and has been widely used in real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis of various pollutants. This paper aims to give a broad overview of the sensors for detection and analysis of several common mycotoxins.
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The mycotoxins in edible oils: An overview of prevalence, concentration, toxicity, detection and decontamination techniques. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175238. [PMID: 34500671 PMCID: PMC8434385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), belonging to the member of fumonisins, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide. FB1 has caused extensive contamination worldwide, mainly in corn, rice, wheat, and their products, while it also poses a health risk and is toxic to animals and human. It has been shown to cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the current stage of FB1 contamination, its toxic effects of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity on animals and humans. The potential toxic mechanisms of FB1 are discussed. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for understanding the occurrence and toxicity of FB1.
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Tatsch ÉF, Meyer K, Vogel RF, Niessen L. Characterization of the influence of carbon sources on fum1 gene expression in the fumonisin producer Fusarium verticillioides using RT - LAMP assay. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 354:109323. [PMID: 34298484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is one of the major fumonisin producers. The ingestion of this mycotoxin represents a risk for both human and animal health. The development of F. verticillioides is associated with environmental conditions, especially carbon sources. We developed a reliable and fast reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay and determined fum1 gene expression upon growth of two F. verticillioides strains isolated from maize and wheat in Czapek's medium containing four different sugars as sole carbon sources. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) production was determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. High growth and production of FB1 were observed in fructose-containing medium for the strain that originated from maize. Less production of FB1 occurred using maltose as sole carbon source for both strains. The fum1 gene expression started between 2 and 4 days of incubation, and positive signals were detected prior to the initial production of FB1. The RT-LAMP assay was effective in the detection of fum1 gene expression at very early stages of F. verticillioides growth and allowed the prediction of FB1 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évelin F Tatsch
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Chair of Animal Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ludwig Niessen
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Caldeirão L, Sousa J, Nunes LCG, Godoy HT, Fernandes JO, Cunha SC. Herbs and herbal infusions: Determination of natural contaminants (mycotoxins and trace elements) and evaluation of their exposure. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110322. [PMID: 34053527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbal infusions are amongst the world's most popular and widely enjoyed beverages, due to both large variety and convenience. However, natural contaminants, such as mycotoxins and trace elements can accumulate in aromatic herbs, which may have serious food safety and public health implications. In this study, the presence of mycotoxins, as well as the content of trace elements was evaluated in herbs and herbal infusions commercialized in Brazil. For the determination of fourteen mycotoxins, including the emerging mycotoxins enniatins (EN), beauvericin (BEA), and sterigmatocystin (STE), a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated. Overall, 42 out of 58 herb samples (72%) were contaminated, being BEA the most usual mycotoxin, present in 43% of the samples, followed by STE and HT-2 toxin, present in 37% and 24% of the samples, respectively. In herbal infusions, the occurrence of mycotoxins was 88% lesser than those verified in raw products. Despite these low levels, the hazard quotient (HQ) calculated revealed a potential health concern for HT-2 in infusions. The margin of exposure values for aflatoxins (AF), and ochratoxin A (OTA) from six herbal infusions were below 10,000, indicating also potential health risks. The twenty-one trace elements comprising toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined in herb raw materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The levels of trace elements in herbs were very varied, with aluminum (Al) presenting the highest amount. The levels of legislated elements (As, Cd, Pb) analyzed in herbs were lower than 3.03 µg g-1 (Pb), thus not exceeding the legal limits defined for herbal medicinal by both European and Brazilian pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caldeirão
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura C G Nunes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena T Godoy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Wangia-Dixon RN, Nishimwe K. Molecular toxicology and carcinogenesis of fumonisins: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:44-67. [PMID: 33554724 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1867449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins, discovered in 1988 are a group of naturally occurring toxins produced by fusarium pathogenic fungi. Besides their presence in animal feeds, contamination of human foods such as corn, millet, oats, rye, barley, wheat and their products are widespread. Exposure to fumonisins results in species and organ specific toxicities including neurological disorders among equids, pulmonary edema in swine, esophageal cancer in humans and both kidney and liver related toxicities in rodents. This review seeks to consolidate groundbreaking research on the science of fumonisins toxicity, highlight recent progress on fumonisins research, and provide an overview of plausible mechanistic biomarkers for fumonisins exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nabwire Wangia-Dixon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kizito Nishimwe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100664. [PMID: 33092236 PMCID: PMC7590051 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeds may contain exogenous compounds that can induce toxicity when ruminants ingest them. These toxins are secondary metabolites originating from various sources including plants, bacteria, algae and fungi. Animal feed toxins are responsible for various animal poisonings which negatively impact the livestock industry. Poisoning is more frequently reported in newly exposed, naïve ruminants while ‘experienced’ ruminants are observed to better tolerate toxin-contaminated feed. Ruminants can possess detoxification ability through rumen microorganisms with the rumen microbiome able to adapt to utilise toxic secondary metabolites. The ability of rumen microorganisms to metabolise these toxins has been used as a basis for the development of preventative probiotics to confer resistance against the poisoning to naïve ruminants. In this review, detoxification of various toxins, which include plant toxins, cyanobacteria toxins and plant-associated fungal mycotoxins, by rumen microorganisms is discussed. The review will include clinical studies of the animal poisoning caused by these toxins, the toxin mechanism of action, toxin degradation by rumen microorganisms, reported and hypothesised detoxification mechanisms and identified toxin metabolites with their toxicity compared to their parent toxin. This review highlights the commercial potential of rumen inoculum derived probiotics as viable means of improving ruminant health and production.
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Farhan Y, Smith JL, Limay-Rios V, Schaafsma AW. The Effect of Simulated Lepidopteran Ear Feeding Injury on Mycotoxin Accumulation in Grain Corn (Poales: Poaceae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2187-2196. [PMID: 32865199 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) and Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Nirenberg infection results in accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON), and fumonisin (FBs) mycotoxins in infected corn, Zea mays L. Lepidopteran insect feeding may exacerbate fungal infection by providing entry points on the ear resulting in increased mycotoxin contamination of grain. The objective of the current study was to simulate different types and severity levels (extent of injury) of lepidopteran injury to corn ears at different stages of ear development and its effect on mycotoxin accumulation in grain corn. Field experiments were conducted under conditions favorable for F. graminearum development where insect injury was simulated to corn ears and inoculated with F. graminearum. All simulated injury treatments resulted in elevated mycotoxin concentration compared with ears without simulated injury; however, the severity of injury within a treatment had little effect. Injury to kernels on the side of the ear resulted in greater DON and ZON concentration than injury to tip kernels, grazing injury applied at physiological maturity, or when no injury was simulated. Greater FBs was measured when tip kernel injury was simulated at the blister stage or when side kernel injury was simulated at milk and dent stages compared with noninjured ears, silk clipping, tip injury at milk and dent stages, or grazing injury at physiological maturity. The current study confirms that the risk of mycotoxin accumulation in the Great Lakes region is greater in the presence of ear-feeding insect pests and may differ depending on the feeding behavior of pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Farhan
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn L Smith
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Pregnancy is not a disease condition; it is a physiological process. However, the risks prevail until this process ends. While many pregnancies and births culminate without any problems, a considerable number of them end up with undesirable pregnancy outcomes such as intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor, and low birth weight infants. Although the causes of these negative pregnancy outcomes are not fully understood, they occur in a multifactorial ways. One of the important issues here is the foods consumed by women with pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid consuming fast food products, alcohol, or tobacco, which are already known to be harmful to human health, as well as harmful natural products containing mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are natural toxins with a wide range of chemical structures. While people can get these toxins directly from agricultural products, they can also be exposed indirectly through products of animals fed with contaminated feed. Mycotoxins have negative impacts on human health with their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. There are some evidences that mycotoxins can lead to negative pregnancy outcomes. These possible negative effects have been determined to be lower birth weight, neonatal jaundice, fetal loss, fetal defects, preterm birth, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia. However, more evidence is needed on this topic. This review aims to investigate the adverse effects of mycotoxins during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serkan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Midwifery, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based assay for the rapid and sensitive group-specific detection of fumonisin producing Fusarium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108627. [PMID: 32334331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins are mycotoxins that contaminate maize and maize-based food products, and feed. They have been associated with nerve system disorders in horses, pulmonary edema in swine as well as neural tube defects and esophageal cancer in humans. The fum1 gene codes for a polyketide synthase involved in the biosynthesis of fumonisins. It is present in the genomes of all fumonisin producing Fusarium spp. Reliable detection of fum1 can provide an estimate of the toxicological potential of cultures and food sources. Therefore, a fum1 specific LAMP assay was developed and tested with purified DNA of 48 different species from the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). The fum1 gene was detected in 22 species among which F. fujikuroi, F. globosum, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides were the most prominent fumonisin producers. None out of 92 tested non-Fusarium species showed cross reactions with the new assay. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) was 5 pg of genomic DNA per reaction for F. fujikuroi, F. nygamai and F. verticillioides. Higher LODs were found for other LAMP positive species. Apart from pure genomic DNA, the LAMP assay detected fumonisin-producers when 103 conidia/reaction were used as template after mechanical lysis. LAMP-results were well correlated with FB1 production. This is the first report on fumonisin production in strains of F. annanatum, F. coicis, F. mundagurra, F. newnesense, F. pininemorale, F. sororula, F. tjataeba, F. udum and F. werrikimbe. Usefulness of the LAMP assay was demonstrated by analyzing fumonisin contaminated maize grains. The new LAMP assay is rapid, sensitive and reliable for the diagnosis of typical fumonisin producers and can be a versatile tool in HACCP concepts that target the reduction of fumonisins in the food and feed chain.
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17
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Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So Far Away. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Occurrence, toxicity, production and detection of Fusarium mycotoxin: a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-019-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of both foods and feeds is an inevitable phenomenon worldwide. Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 are the most studied Fusarium mycotoxins. Co-contamination of mycotoxins has also been studied frequently. Fusarium mycotoxins occur frequently in foods at very low concentrations, so there is a need to provide sensitive and reliable methods for their early detection. The present review provides insight on the types, toxicology and occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins. It further elucidates various detection methods of mycotoxin production from Fusarium strains, with a special focus on chromatographic and immunochemical techniques.
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Chen Z, Chen H, Li X, Yuan Q, Su J, Yang L, Ning L, Lei H. Fumonisin B 1 damages the barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22397. [PMID: 31557363 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins (Fums) are mycotoxins widely distributed in crops and feed, and ingestion of Fums-contaminated crops is harmful to animal health. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of Fum B1 (FB1 ) on barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells, IPEC-J2, to clarify the intestinal toxicity of Fums in pigs. The results showed that the persistent treatment of FB1 significantly decreased the viability of IPEC-J2. Moreover, the expressions of Claudin 1, Occludin, Zonula Occluden-1 (ZO-1) on the messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels and MUC1 on the mRNA level were significantly inhibited after FB1 treatment, while the mRNA relative expression level of MUC2 was clearly increased. FB1 also enhanced the monolayer cell permeability of IPEC-J2. Importantly, FB1 promoted the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2 ). These data suggest that long-term treatment of FB1 can suppress IPEC-J2 proliferation, damage tight junctions of IPEC-J2, and regulate expression of mucins to induce the damage of barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells, which may be associated with the ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Yuan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianming Su
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingzhong Ning
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyu Lei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yuan Q, Jiang Y, Fan Y, Ma Y, Lei H, Su J. Fumonisin B 1 Induces Oxidative Stress and Breaks Barrier Functions in Pig Iliac Endothelium Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070387. [PMID: 31269688 PMCID: PMC6669581 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins (Fums) are types of mycotoxin that widely contaminante feed material crops, and can trigger potential biological toxicities to humans and various animals. However, the toxicity of Fums on porcine blood vessels has not been fully explored. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the main component of Fums. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of FB1 on the oxidative stress and tight junctions of the pig iliac endothelial cells (PIECs) in vitro. The results showed that FB1 reduced the viability of PIECs, increased the contents of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and decreased the level of glutathione (GSH). In addition, the barrier functions were destroyed, along with the down-regulations on Claudin 1, Occludin and ZO-1 and the increase of paracellular permeability. Thus, this research indicates that FB1 facilitates oxidative stress and breaks barrier functions to damage pig iliac endothelium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yuan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yancheng Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingfeng Ma
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongyu Lei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jianming Su
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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21
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Review: Biotechnology of mycotoxins detoxification using microorganisms and enzymes. Toxicon 2019; 160:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Li N, Zhao J, Zhang R, Deng L, Li J, Gao Y, Liu C. Effect of Tebuconazole Enantiomers and Environmental Factors on Fumonisin Accumulation and FUM Gene Expression in Fusarium verticillioides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13107-13115. [PMID: 30458614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is an important corn pathogen that can produce fumonisins (FBs) under certain environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluated the enantioselective impact of tebuconazole enantiomers on the growth and FB production of F. verticillioides on maize-based media at different abiotic factors. The expression of FB biosynthetic genes ( FUM1 and FUM6) was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that water activity ( aw), temperature, and types of tebuconazole significantly affected the growth of F. verticillioides. The order of fungicidal activity was (-)-tebuconazole > rac-tebuconazole > (+)-tebuconazole. (-)-tebuconazole exhibited the maximal selective fungicidal activity (242-fold) against F. verticillioides at 0.95 aw and 35 °C. Production of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) by F. verticillioides was influenced by aw, temperature, types of tebuconazole, and dose. Under most conditions, (-)-tebuconazole showed stronger inhibition for FB1 and FB2 production than (+)-tebuconazole (1.87-2.85-fold reduction in FBs) and rac-tebuconazole. The optimal environmental condition for FB production was at 0.99 aw and 25 °C. Tebuconazole enantiomers differently affected FB biosynthetic gene ( FUM1 and FUM6) expression, but the effects on FB production and gene expression showed no positive correlation. The present study provides a better understanding on ways to minimize FB production in corn treated with fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province , South China Agricultural University , Wushan Road 483 , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
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Ponce-García N, Serna-Saldivar SO, Garcia-Lara S. Fumonisins and their analogues in contaminated corn and its processed foods - a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2183-2203. [PMID: 30028638 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1502476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the food security problems faced worldwide is the occurrence of mycotoxins in grains and their foods. Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins which are prevalent in corn (Zea mays L.) and its based foods. Their intake and exposure have been epidemiologically and inconclusively associated with oesophageal cancer and neural tube defects in humans, and other harmful health effects in animals. The toxic effects of FBs can be acute or chronic and these metabolites bioaccumulate mainly in liver and kidney tissues. Among FBs, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most relevant moiety although the 'hidden' forms produced after food thermal processes are becoming relevant. Corn is the grain most susceptible to Fusarium and FBs contamination and the mould growth is affected both by abiotic and biotic factors during grain maturation and storage. Mould counts are mainly affected by the grain water activity, the environmental temperature during grain maturation and insect damage. The abiotic factors affected by climatic change patterns have increased their incidence in other regions of the world. Among FBs, the hidden forms are the most difficult to detect and quantify. Single or combined physical, chemical and biological methods are emerging to significantly reduce FBs in processed foods and therefore diminish their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Ponce-García
- a Center of Biotechnology FEMSA , School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico.,b Faculty of Agricultural Sciences , Autonomous University of Mexico State, UAEM, Campus Universitario "El Cerrillo" , Toluca , Mexico
| | - Sergio O Serna-Saldivar
- a Center of Biotechnology FEMSA , School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico
| | - Silverio Garcia-Lara
- a Center of Biotechnology FEMSA , School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Monterrey , Mexico
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24
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25
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Limay-Rios V, Schaafsma AW. Effect of Prothioconazole Application Timing on Fusarium Mycotoxin Content in Maize Grain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4809-4819. [PMID: 29681149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2010 and 2011, studies to determine the optimal timing of prothioconazole application (200 g a.i./ha) for reducing Fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in grain were conducted in controlled replicated experiments under small-plot mist-irrigated experiments and in field-scale experiments using two hybrids susceptible to F. gramineaerum infection. A significant decrease in total deoxynivalenol (DON) [DON + 15-acetyl-DON + DON 3-glucoside + 3-acetyl-DON] and zearalenone concentrations was observed when fungicide was sprayed at VT (tasseling) and R1 (silking; P < 0.01) followed by applications at V18 (18th leaf) and R2 (blister; P < 0.05) stages, corresponding to silk completely emerged and fully elongated and to silk emergence and browning, respectively. No reduction in Fusarium graminearum toxins was found after silk senescence (R3 or milk) stage. Moniliformin, fumonisins, beauvericin, enniatins, HT-2 and T-2 toxins were also found in small quantities, and no reduction was observed after treatment ( P > 0.05). Mean reduction (±s.d.) of 59 ± 20% and 57 ± 38% of total DON and zearalenone was observed at full silk elongation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Limay-Rios
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus , 120 Main Street East , Ridgetown , Ontario N0P 2C0 , Canada
| | - Arthur W Schaafsma
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus , 120 Main Street East , Ridgetown , Ontario N0P 2C0 , Canada
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26
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Li N, Deng L, Li J, Wang Z, Han Y, Liu C. Selective effect of myclobutanil enantiomers on fungicidal activity and fumonisin production by Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental conditions. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 147:102-109. [PMID: 29933978 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myclobutanil is a widely used triazole fungicide, comprising two enantiomers with different fungicidal activities, non-target toxicities, and environmental fates. The enantioselective effects of myclobutanil on fumonisin B (FB) production by Fusarium verticillioides, an important pathogen, have not yet been investigated. In the present study, the fungicidal activities of rac-myclobutanil and its enantiomers on F. verticillioides cultured on maize-based media were studied under different water activity and temperature conditions. The FB levels were measured to assess the enantioselective effects on FB production when F. verticillioides were cultured treated with EC50 and EC90 concentrations (concentrations inhibiting mycelial growth by 50.0% and 90.0%, respectively) of myclobutanil and enantiomers under different conditions. The fungicidal activities of rac-myclobutanil and its enantiomers decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing water activity. Little difference in fungicidal activity was observed between the enantiomers. FB production was significantly influenced by temperature, aw, and fungicides dose. At EC50 concentrations, rac-myclobutantil and its enantiomers were shown to enhance mycotoxin production and enantioselective effects of enantiomers on FB production were observed under certain conditions. This is the first report on the differential effects of myclobutanil enantiomers on the control of F. verticillioides growth and FB production in maize-based media under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiye Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhang Y, Ma LJ. Deciphering Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum From a Phylogenomics Perspective. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2017; 100:179-209. [PMID: 29153400 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a large species complex of both plant and human pathogens that attack a diverse array of species in a host-specific manner. Comparative genomic studies have revealed that the host-specific pathogenicity of the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC) was determined by distinct sets of supernumerary (SP) chromosomes. In contrast to common vertical transfer, where genetic materials are transmitted via cell division, SP chromosomes can be transmitted horizontally between phylogenetic lineages, explaining the polyphyletic nature of the host-specific pathogenicity of the FOSC. The existence of a diverse array of SP chromosomes determines the broad host range of this species complex, while the conserved core genome maintains essential house-keeping functions. Recognition of these SP chromosomes enables the functional and structural compartmentalization of F. oxysporum genomes. In this review, we examine the impact of this group of cross-kingdom pathogens on agricultural productivity and human health. Focusing on the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum in the phylogenomic framework of the genus Fusarium, we elucidate the evolution of pathogenicity within the FOSC. We conclude that a population genomics approach within a clearly defined phylogenomic framework is essential not only for understanding the evolution of the pathogenicity mechanism but also for identifying informative candidates associated with pathogenicity that can be developed as targets in disease management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States.
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Souto PC, Jager AV, Tonin FG, Petta T, Di Gregório MC, Cossalter AM, Pinton P, Oswald IP, Rottinghaus GE, Oliveira CA. Determination of fumonisin B1 levels in body fluids and hair from piglets fed fumonisin B1-contaminated diets. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonists for controlling growth, FUM1 gene expression and fumonisin B 1 production by Fusarium verticillioides on maize cobs of different ripening stages. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 246:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Escrivá L, Font G, Manyes L. In vivo toxicity studies of fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:185-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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