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Voigt MW, Schepers J, Haas J, von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Reduced Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Affect Body Weight, Brain Weight and Behavior. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:159. [PMID: 38534429 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins, which belong to the family of growth factors, not only play crucial roles during development but are also involved in many processes in the postnatal brain. One representative of neurotrophins is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF plays a role in the regulation of body weight and neuronal plasticity and is, therefore, also involved in processes associated with learning and memory formation. Many of the studies on BDNF have been carried out using BDNF-deficient mice. Unfortunately, homozygous deletion of BDNF is lethal in the early postnatal stage, so heterozygous BDNF-deficient mice are often studied. Another possibility is the use of conditional BDNF-deficient mice in which the expression of BDNF is strongly downregulated in some brain cells, for example, in the neurons of the central nervous system, but the expression of BDNF in other cells in the brain is unchanged. To further reduce BDNF expression, we crossed heterozygous BDNF-deficient mice with mice carrying a deletion of BDNF in neurofilament L-positive neurons. These offspring are viable, and the animals with a strong reduction in BDNF in the brain show a strongly increased body weight, which is accompanied by a reduction in brain weight. In addition, these animals show behavioral abnormalities, particularly with regard to locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wilhelm Voigt
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler Str. 23c, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schepers
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler Str. 23c, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Haas
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler Str. 23c, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver von Bohlen Und Halbach
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler Str. 23c, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Neurotrophic Factors and Dendritic Spines. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:223-254. [PMID: 37962797 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that play important roles in neuronal plasticity. The morphologies and the numbers of dendritic spines are highly variable, and this diversity is correlated with the different morphological and physiological features of this neuronal compartment. Dendritic spines can change their morphology and number rapidly, allowing them to adapt to plastic changes. Neurotrophic factors play important roles in the brain during development. However, these factors are also necessary for a variety of processes in the postnatal brain. Neurotrophic factors, especially members of the neurotrophin family and the ephrin family, are involved in the modulation of long-lasting effects induced by neuronal plasticity by acting on dendritic spines, either directly or indirectly. Thereby, the neurotrophic factors play important roles in processes attributed, for example, to learning and memory.
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Jee HJ, Ryu D, Kim S, Yeon SH, Son RH, Hwang SH, Jung YS. Fermented Perilla frutescens Ameliorates Depression-like Behavior in Sleep-Deprivation-Induced Stress Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010622. [PMID: 36614066 PMCID: PMC9820360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders such as depression. Fermented natural products have recently attracted attention because of their health benefits. We evaluated the antidepressant-like efficacy of fermented Perilla frutescens (FPF), and its underlying mechanisms, in sleep deprivation (SD)-induced stress mice. SD-stressed mice revealed a remarkable increase in the immobility time in both forced swimming test and tail suspension test; this increase was ameliorated by treatment with FPF at doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg. FPF treatment also reduced the level of stress hormones such as corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Additionally, FPF increased the levels of serotonin and dopamine which were significantly decreased in the brain tissues of SD-stressed mice. The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL1β, and the decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the stressed mice were significantly reversed by FPF treatment. Furthermore, FPF also increased phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Among the six components isolated from FPF, protocatechuic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects, suggesting that they are major active components. These findings suggest that FPF has therapeutic potential for SD-induced stress, by correcting dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and modulating the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- AI-Super Convergence KIURI Translational Research Center, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajung Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hum Yeon
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Rak Ho Son
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-3444
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Amidfar M, Quevedo J, Z Réus G, Kim YK. Grey matter volume abnormalities in the first depressive episode of medication-naïve adult individuals: a systematic review of voxel based morphometric studies. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:407-420. [PMID: 33351672 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1861632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the reliable and consistent grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), we excluded the influence of confounding clinical characteristics, comorbidities and brain degeneration on brain morphological abnormalities by inclusion of non-comorbid and non-geriatric drug-naïve MDD individuals experiencing first episode depressive. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google scholar databases were searched for papers published in English up to April 2020. RESULTS A total of 21 voxel based morphometric (VBM) studies comparing 845 individuals in the first depressive episode and medication-naïve with 940 healthy control subjects were included. The results showed a grey matter volumes reductions in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), frontal and temporal gyri, temporal pole, insular lobe, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and amygdala. In addition, increased grey matter volumes in the postcentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala, cuneus, and precuneus differentiated the first depressive episode in medication-naïve individuals from healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The present systematic review provided additional support for the involvement of grey matter structural abnormalities in limbic-cortical circuits as possibly specific structural abnormalities in the early stage of MDD.Key pointsDistinct brain regions in MDD patients might be associated with the early stages of illness, and thus it is critical to study the causal relationship between brain structures and the onset of the disease to improve the evaluation in clinic.Grey matter alterations in the fronto-limbic networks in the first episode, medication-naïve MDD might suggest that these abnormalities may play an important role in the neuropathophysiology of MDD at its onset.First episode, medically naïve depressive patients show grey matter volume alterations in brain regions mainly associated with emotion regulation including parietal-temporal regions, PFC, insular lobe, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum and limbic structures that may be specific changes in early stage of MDD.Genotype-diagnosis interaction effects on brain morphology in the cortico-limbic-striatal circuits, including the PFC, amygdala, hippocampus and striatum that might be implicated in the dysfunctional regulation of emotion in first-episode MDD patients.Future longitudinal and prospective studies should be conducted to identify the core structural brain changes in people at-risk for MDD and explore the association of their brain volumes with symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bird CW, Barber MJ, Martin J, Mayfield JJ, Valenzuela CF. The mouse-equivalent of the human BDNF VAL66MET polymorphism increases dorsal hippocampal volume and does not interact with developmental ethanol exposure. Alcohol 2020; 86:17-24. [PMID: 32224221 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A relatively common polymorphism in the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met, which corresponds to Val68Met in mice) has been shown to modulate cognitive function and vulnerability to mental health disorders. This substitution impairs trafficking and activity-dependent release of BDNF. A number of studies with both humans and transgenic mice suggest that carriers of the Met allele have deficits in the structure and/or function of the hippocampal formation. Using a relatively new transgenic mouse model of this polymorphism, we recently demonstrated that it modulates the effects of developmental ethanol exposure in the hippocampus. Here, we further characterized the effect of this polymorphism on hippocampal morphology and its interaction with ethanol vapor exposure during the 2nd and 3rd trimester equivalents of human pregnancy. We found that BDNFmet/met mice have slightly larger hippocampal volumes than BDNFval/val mice. Ethanol vapor exposure during the 2nd and 3rd trimester equivalents of human pregnancy increased hippocampal volume in a single hippocampal subregion, the CA1 stratum radiatum. Ethanol exposure did not interact with BDNF genotype to affect volume in any hippocampal subregion. These results suggest that the Val66Met polymorphism does not reduce hippocampal size (i.e., it rather increases it slightly) or increase susceptibility to prenatal ethanol exposure-induced structural hippocampal damage during adulthood.
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Lim DW, Han T, Um MY, Yoon M, Kim TE, Kim YT, Han D, Lee J, Lee CH. Administration of Asian Herb Bennet ( Geum japonicum) Extract Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mouse Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2841. [PMID: 31756901 PMCID: PMC6950235 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Geum japonicum, commonly known as Asian herb bennet, has been used as a diuretic, astringent, anti-dizziness, and anti-headache agent in traditional medicine. Since the antidepressant-like effects of G. japonicum extract have not been well studied, we examined the antidepressant-like effects of G. japonicum extract using depressive-like behavior induced in mice through daily injection of corticosterone (CORT). ICR mice (male, 8 weeks old) were treated with CORT (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and orally administered using oral gavage needles with G. japonicum extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Behavioral experiments were performed 1 h after administration. The control mice exhibited a significant increase in the immobility times in the tail suspension and forced swim tests as well as the step-through latency time in the passive avoidance test. Further, the control group showed a significant decrease in their sucrose consumption. However, treatment with G. japonicum extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly improved these depression-like behaviors without altering the locomotor activity. Moreover, treatment with G. japonicum extract significantly prevented the decrease in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. In addition, G. japonicum extract had neuroprotective effects against CORT-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our study indicates that G. japonicum extract exhibits antidepressant-like activity in CORT-induced depressive mice, which might be as a result of increased BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Taewon Han
- Food Functional Evaluation Support Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Daeseok Han
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Chang Ho Lee
- Research Division of Functional Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (D.W.L.); (M.Y.U.); (M.Y.); (T.-E.K.); (Y.T.K.); (D.H.); (J.L.)
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Zhang H, Qiu M, Ding L, Mellor D, Li G, Shen T, Peng D. Intrinsic gray-matter connectivity of the brain in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 251:78-85. [PMID: 30909161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been assumed to be associated with aberrant brain connectivity. However, research suggests that brain connectivity abnormalities should not be restricted to extrinsic white matter connectivity, but may also impact on intrinsic gray matter connectivity. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the intrinsic gray-matter connectivity in MDD. METHODS The participants were 16 first-episode, drug-naïve patients with MDD and 16 healthy controls matched on age and gender. All participants were scanned by 3.0T structural magnetic resonance imaging. Global and local intrinsic gray-matter connectivity were measured based on surface-based geodesic distances, including mean coritical separation distances (MSDs), perimeter function, and radius function. RESULTS MDD patients had significantly lower MSDs in the left postcentral gyrus and higher MSDs in the left superior parietal cortex. Marginally significant correlation was observed between MSDs in the left postcentral gyrus and symptoms of depression. Compared with healthy controls, depressed subjects had abnormal local intrinsic gray-matter connectivity in the left postcentral gyrus, the left transverse temporal gyrus, the right lingual gyrus, the right lateral occipital cortex, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, local intrinsic gray matter connections of these brain areas were associated with some symptoms of depression. LIMITATIONS The small sample size limited the interpretability of our potential conclusions. CONCLUSION Aberrant intrinsic gray-matter connectivity was observed in depressed subjects, indicating abnormal intrinsic wiring cost of brain architecture. This might help explain the aberrant topological properties of brain functional connectivity and provide insights into the vulnerability of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meihui Qiu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Medical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7513, USA
| | - Ting Shen
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Cortini F, Roma F, Villa C. Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:19-26. [PMID: 30610928 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder and represents the most common form of senile dementia. The pathogenesis of AD is not yet completely understood and no curative treatment is currently available. With the recent advancement in transcriptome-wide profiling approach, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are long transcripts without apparent protein-coding capacity, have received increasing interest for their involvement in a wide range of biological processes as regulatory molecules. Recent studies have suggested that lncRNAs play a role in AD pathogenesis, although their specific influences in the disorder remain to be largely unknown. Herein, we will summarize the biology and mechanisms of action of the best characterized dysregulated lncRNAs in AD, focusing the attention on their potential role in the disease pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the complex network of interactions in which they are implicated should open the doors to new research considering lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cortini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Milan, Italy; UOC Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine Preventive Services, IRCCS Ca Granda Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Roma
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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The Relationship Between Cumulative Exogenous Corticosteroid Exposure and Volumes of Hippocampal Subfields and Surrounding Structures. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 39:653-657. [PMID: 31688386 PMCID: PMC6856429 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are a class of hormones that include naturally occurring cortisol and corticosterone, as well as prescription drugs commonly used to manage inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic conditions. Adverse effects, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, are common. The hippocampus appears to be especially sensitive to the effects of glucocorticoids. However, to our knowledge, no studies to date have examined hippocampal subfields in humans receiving glucocorticoids. We examined patients on chronic glucocorticoid regimens to determine relationships between dose and duration of treatment, and hippocampal subfields, and related regions volumes. METHODS/PROCEDURES The study included adult men and women receiving at least 5 mg daily of prednisone equivalents for at least 6 months. Volumes of brain regions were measured via magnetic resonance imaging. A multivariate general linear model was used for analysis, with brain volumes as dependent variables and age, sex, and cumulative corticosteroid exposure, as predictors. FINDINGS/RESULTS The study population consisted of 81 adult outpatients (43 male) on corticosteroids (mean dose, 7.88 mg; mean duration, 76.75 months). Cumulative glucocorticoid exposure was negatively associated with left and right hippocampal dentate gyrus/CA3 volume. In subsequent subgroup analysis, this association held true for the age group older than the median age of 46 years but not for the younger age group. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS This finding is consistent with previous studies showing detrimental effects of elevated glucocorticoids on the hippocampus but further suggests that the dentate gyrus and CA3 regions are particularly vulnerable to those effects, which is consistent with animal models of chronic stress but has not been previously demonstrated in humans.
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Mendoza C, Perez-Urrutia N, Alvarez-Ricartes N, Barreto GE, Pérez-Ordás R, Iarkov A, Echeverria V. Cotinine Plus Krill Oil Decreased Depressive Behavior, and Increased Astrocytes Survival in the Hippocampus of Mice Subjected to Restraint Stress. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:952. [PMID: 30618579 PMCID: PMC6305112 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Restraint stress (RS) is a condition affecting millions of people worldwide. The investigation of new therapies to alleviate the consequences of prolonged RS is much needed. Cotinine, a nicotine-derivative, has shown to prevent the decrease in cerebral synaptic density, working memory deficits, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior after prolonged restraint stress (RS) in mice. Furthermore, post-treatment with cotinine reduced the adverse effects of chronic RS on astrocyte survival and architecture. On the other hand, the nutritional supplement krill oil (KO), has shown to be beneficial in decreasing depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress. In this study, in the search for effective preventative treatments to be used in people subjected to reduced mobility, the effect of co-treatment with cotinine plus KO in mice subjected to prolonged RS was investigated. The results show that cotinine plus KO prevented the loss of astrocytes, the appearance of depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by RS. The use of the combination of cotinine plus KO was more effective than cotinine alone in preventing the depressive-like behavior in the restrained mice. The potential use of this combination to alleviate the psychological effects of reduced mobility is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Pérez-Ordás
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad física y el deporte Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alex Iarkov
- Universidad San Sebastián Fac. Cs de la Salud, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Universidad San Sebastián Fac. Cs de la Salud, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, United States
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Hacimusalar Y, Eşel E. Suggested Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 55:280-290. [PMID: 30224877 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2017.19482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly relies on clinical examination and subjective evaluation of depressive symptoms. There is no non-invasive, quantitative test available today for the diagnosis of MDD. In MDD, exploration of biomarkers will be helpful in diagnosing the disorder as well as in choosing a treatment, and predicting the treatment response. In this article, it is aimed to review the findings of suggested biomarkers such as growth factors, cytokines and other inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, endocrine markers, energy balance hormones, genetic and epigenetic features, and neuroimaging in MDD and to evaluate how these findings contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, the prediction of treatment response, severity of the disorder, and identification of subtypes. Among these, the findings related to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, and neuroimaging may be strong candidates for being biomarkers MDD, and may provide critical information in understanding biological etiology of depression. Although the findings are not sufficient yet, we think that the results of epigenetic studies will also provide very important contributions to the biomarker research in MDD. The availability of biomarkers in MDD will be an advancement that will facilitate the diagnosis of the disorder, treatment choices in the early stages, and prediction of the course of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Hacimusalar
- Department of Psychiatry, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Eşel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Durmusoglu E, Ugurlu O, Akan S, Simsek F, Kizilates G, Kitis O, Ozkul BA, Eker C, Coburn KL, Gonul AS. Hippocampal shape alterations in healthy young women with familial risk for unipolar depression. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 82:7-13. [PMID: 29367060 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although reduced hippocampal volume (HCV) is a common finding in depression, it is unclear whether the structural alterations leading to reduction of HCV are pre-existing risk factors before the onset of clinical symptoms or a cumulative process that begins with the onset of clinical symptoms. The aim of the present study was to understand the anatomical status of the hippocampus prior to the clinical symptoms in subjects with high familial risk for depression. METHODS Twenty-seven young women (mean age: 22.3 ± 2.1 years) who were at high risk for familial unipolar depression and 26 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 22.1 ± 2.1 years) with low familial risk for depression were included in the study. Total hippocampal volumes were measured by manual tracing. For 3D shape differences, the spherical harmonic basis functions (SPHARM) software was used. The segmented images were parameterized, and the point-to-point based group difference was compared by the Hotelling's T-squared test with total brain volume and Beck Depression Scale as covariates. RESULTS Although there was no difference in overall HCVs, shape analyses revealed a contracted area on the Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 region of the right hippocampus head in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. Cross-sectional design and small sample size, including only females, were the main limitations of this study. CONCLUSION This study with shape analyses provided data suggesting that local structural hippocampal alterations in the CA1 region might be associated with depression vulnerability in women at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Durmusoglu
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Ugurlu
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Akan
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Simsek
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings' College London, UK
| | - Gozde Kizilates
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Kitis
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aksoy Ozkul
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagdas Eker
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Affective Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; CUBIT Lab & Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kerry L Coburn
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Ali Saffet Gonul
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Mercer University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Macon, GA, USA.
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13
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Zhang HF, Mellor D, Peng DH. Neuroimaging genomic studies in major depressive disorder: A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1020-1036. [PMID: 29476595 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic-neuroimaging studies could identify new potential endophenotypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). Morphological and functional alterations may be attributable to genetic factors that regulate neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. Given that the association between gene polymorphisms and brain morphology or function has varied across studies, this systematic review aims at evaluating and summarizing all available genetic-neuroimaging studies. Twenty-eight gene variants were evaluated in 64 studies by structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging. Significant genetic-neuroimaging associations were found in monoaminergic genes, BDNF genes, glutamatergic genes, HPA axis genes, and the other common genes, which were consistent with common hypotheses of the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dai-Hui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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BDNF effects on dendritic spine morphology and hippocampal function. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:729-741. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Youssef MM, Underwood MD, Huang YY, Hsiung SC, Liu Y, Simpson NR, Bakalian MJ, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Arango V, Mann JJ. Association of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Brain BDNF Levels with Major Depression and Suicide. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:528-538. [PMID: 29432620 PMCID: PMC6007393 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and suicide. Both are partly caused by early life adversity, which reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels. This study examines the association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels with depression and suicide. We hypothesized that both major depressive disorder and early life adversity would be associated with the Met allele and lower brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Such an association would be consistent with low brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediating the effect of early life adversity on adulthood suicide and major depressive disorder. METHODS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped in postmortem brains of 37 suicide decedents and 53 nonsuicides. Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were determined by Western blot in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9), anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 24), caudal brainstem, and rostral brainstem. The relationships between these measures and major depressive disorder, death by suicide, and reported early life adversity were examined. RESULTS Subjects with the Met allele had an increased risk for depression. Depressed patients also have lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in anterior cingulate cortex and caudal brainstem compared with nondepressed subjects. No effect of history of suicide death or early life adversity was observed with genotype, but lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the anterior cingulate cortex were found in subjects who had been exposed to early life adversity and/or died by suicide compared with nonsuicide decedents and no reported early life adversity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence implicating low brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Met allele in major depression risk. Future studies should seek to determine how altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression contributes to depression and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Youssef
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mark D Underwood
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Correspondence: Mark D. Underwood, PhD, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 ()
| | - Yung-Yu Huang
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Shu-chi Hsiung
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Norman R Simpson
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mihran J Bakalian
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Gorazd B Rosoklija
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York,Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Arango
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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16
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Lin PH, Tsai SJ, Huang CW, Mu-En L, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Chen NC, Chang YT, Lan MY, Chang CC. Dose-dependent genotype effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on default mode network in early stage Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54200-54214. [PMID: 27494844 PMCID: PMC5342335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to play a pivotal role in neurocognition, and its gene contains a functional polymorphism (Val66Met) that may explain individual differences in brain volume and memory-related activity.In this study, we enrolled 186 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who underwent 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and explored the gray matter (GM) structural covariance networks (SCN). The patients were divided into three groups according to their genotype: Met/Met (n = 45), Val/Met (n = 86) and Val/Val (n = 55). Seed-based analysis was performed focusing on four SCN networks. Neurobehavioral scores served as the major outcome factor.Only peak cluster volumes of default mode medial temporal lobe network showed significant genotype interactions, of which the interconnected peak clusters showed dose-dependent genotype effects. There were also significant correlations between the cognitive test scores and interconnected-cluster volumes, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex.These findings support the hypothesis that BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms modulate entorhinal cortex-interconnected clusters and the valine allele was associated with stronger structural covariance patterns that determined the cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liu Mu-En
- Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Niciu MJ, Iadarola ND, Banerjee D, Luckenbaugh DA, Park M, Lener M, Park L, Ionescu DF, Ballard ED, Brutsche NE, Akula N, McMahon FJ, Machado-Vieira R, Nugent AC, Zarate CA. The antidepressant efficacy of subanesthetic-dose ketamine does not correlate with baseline subcortical volumes in a replication sample with major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1570-1577. [PMID: 29039254 PMCID: PMC5863225 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117732514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to reproduce, in a larger sample, previous findings of a correlation between smaller raw 3-Tesla (3T) hippocampal volumes and improved antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). A secondary analysis stratified subjects according to functional BDNF rs6265 (val66met) genotype. METHODS Unmedicated subjects with treatment-resistant MDD ( n=55) underwent baseline structural 3T MRI. Data processing was conducted with FSL/FIRST and Freesurfer software. The amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus were selected a priori for analysis. All subjects received a single 0.5mg/kg × 40-minute ketamine infusion. Pearson correlations were performed with subcortical volumes and percent change in MADRS score (from baseline to 230 minutes, 1 day, and 1 week post-infusion). RESULTS Raw and corrected subcortical volumes did not correlate with antidepressant response at any timepoint. In val/val subjects ( n=23), corrected left and right thalamic volume positively correlated with antidepressant response to ketamine at 230 minutes post-infusion but did not reach statistical significance. In met carriers ( n=14), corrected left and right thalamic volume negatively correlated with antidepressant response to ketamine. CONCLUSION Baseline subcortical volumes implicated in MDD did not correlate with ketamine's antidepressant efficacy. Baseline thalamic volume and BDNF genotype may be a combinatorial rapid antidepressant response biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nicolas D Iadarola
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Dipavo Banerjee
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Minkyung Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc Lener
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Lawrence Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Dawn F Ionescu
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nancy E Brutsche
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nirmala Akula
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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18
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Han KM, Won E, Kang J, Choi S, Kim A, Lee MS, Tae WS, Ham BJ. TESC gene-regulating genetic variant (rs7294919) affects hippocampal subfield volumes and parahippocampal cingulum white matter integrity in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 93:20-29. [PMID: 28575645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two recent genome-wide association studies have suggested that rs7294919 is associated with changes in hippocampal volume. rs7294919 regulates the transcriptional products of the TESC gene, which is involved in neuronal proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the interactive effect of rs7294919 and major depressive disorder (MDD) on the volume of the hippocampal subfields and the integrity of the parahippocampal cingulum (PHC). We also investigated the correlation of these structural changes with the DNA methylation status of rs7294919. A total of 105 patients with MDD and 85 healthy control subjects underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. The rs7294919 was genotyped and its DNA methylation status was assessed in all the participants. We analyzed the hippocampal subfield volumes and PHC integrity using FreeSurfer and the Tracts Constrained by Underlying Anatomy (TRACULA) respectively. Significant interactive effects of rs7294919 and MDD were observed in the volumes of the dentate gyrus and CA4. The patients with MDD had increased methylation in two of the three CpG loci of rs7294919, and the methylation of CpG3 was significantly correlated with right PHC integrity in the MDD group. Our results provide neurobiological evidence for the association of rs7294919 with brain structural changes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Shi C, Zhang L, Qin C. Long non-coding RNAs in brain development, synaptic biology, and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:160-169. [PMID: 28347717 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are long transcripts without apparent protein-coding roles, interfere with gene expression and signaling events at various stages. Increasing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and under pathophysiologic conditions. In the nervous system, the expression of lncRNAs has been detected and characterized under normal physiologic conditions and in disease states. Some lncRNAs regulate brain development and synaptic plasticity. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate β-amyloid production/generation, synaptic impairment, neurotrophin depletion, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and stress responses. This review summarizes data on lncRNA expression and focuses on neural lncRNAs that may function in AD. Although our understanding of lncRNAs remains in its infancy, this review provides insight into the contribution of lncRNAs to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Shi
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
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20
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Tansitpong P, Chaovalitwongse W. An investigation of differentiated prescription decision on profitability: A case study from Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2016.1266803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praowpan Tansitpong
- Business Administration Division, Mahidol University International College, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Wanpracha Chaovalitwongse
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Institute for Advanced Data Analytics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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21
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Hashimoto T, Fukui K, Takeuchi H, Yokota S, Kikuchi Y, Tomita H, Taki Y, Kawashima R. Effects of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Gray Matter Volume in Typically Developing Children and Adolescents. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:1795-803. [PMID: 26830347 PMCID: PMC4785961 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with psychiatric disorders and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in adults. However, the relationship between BDNF and rGMV in children has not been clarified. In this 3-year cross-sectional/longitudinal (2 time points) study, we investigated the effects of BDNF genotypes on rGMV in 185 healthy Japanese children aged 5.7-18.4 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses. We found that the volume of the right cuneus in Met homozygotes (Met/Met) was greater than in Val homozygotes (Val/Val) in both exams, and the left insula and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex volumes were greater in Val homozygotes versus Met homozygotes in Exam l. In addition, Met homozygous subjects exhibited higher processing speed in intelligence indices than Val homozygotes and Val/Met heterozygotes at both time points. Longitudinal analysis showed that the left temporoparietal junction volume of Val/Met heterozygotes increased more substantially over the 3-year study period than in Val homozygotes, and age-related changes were observed for the Val/Met genotype. Our findings suggest that the presence of 2 Met alleles may have a positive effect on rGMV at the developmental stages analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kento Fukui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Institute Development, Aging and Cancer
| | | | | | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Institute Development, Aging and Cancer Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
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22
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Ide S, Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Yoshimura R, Abe O, Hayashi K, Ueda I, Kishi T, Katsuki A, Umene-Nakano W, Iwata N, Nakamura J, Korogi Y. Relationship between a BDNF gene polymorphism and the brain volume in treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder: A VBM analysis of brain MRI. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:120-4. [PMID: 26078197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) relates to basic neuronal functions, such as cell survival, axonal outgrowth, and dendritic growth. The Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene may affect genetic susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD). We prospectively investigated the relationship between the Val66Met BDNF genotype and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) findings for first episode and drug-naïve MDD patients and healthy subjects (HS). Participants comprised 38 MDD patients and 42 age- and sex-matched HS were divided into groups based on their BDNF genotype. The effects of diagnosis and genotype, as well as the genotype-diagnosis interaction, in relation to brain morphology were evaluated using a voxel-by-voxel statistical analysis of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Among the Met-carriers, the volume of the left middle frontal gyrus (composition of the prefrontal cortex [PFC]) was significantly smaller for MDD patients than for the HS, i.e., there was a significant genotype-diagnosis interaction effect on brain morphology noted in the left PFC. The BDNF polymorphism was associated with atrophy of the PFC in MDD patients, which suggests that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of early stages of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ide
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenji Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Issei Ueda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Wakako Umene-Nakano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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23
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Shen N, Zhu X, Lin H, Li J, Li L, Niu F, Liu A, Wu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. Role of BDNF Val66Met functional polymorphism in temporal lobe epilepsy. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:436-41. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1026967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Harrisberger F, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Lenz C, Walter A, Wittfeld K, Grabe HJ, Lang UE, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and hippocampal volume in neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:107-18. [PMID: 25956254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus, and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Its Val66Met polymorphism (refSNP Cluster Report: rs6265) is a functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the secretion of BDNF and is implicated in differences in hippocampal volumes. METHODS This is a systematic meta-analytical review of findings from imaging genetic studies on the impact of the rs6265 SNP on hippocampal volumes in neuropsychiatric patients with major depressive disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. RESULTS The overall sample size of 18 independent clinical cohorts comprised 1695 patients. Our results indicated no significant association of left (Hedge's g=0.08, p=0.12), right (g=0.07, p=0.22) or bilateral (g=0.07, p=0.16) hippocampal volumes with BDNF rs6265 in neuropsychiatric patients. There was no evidence for a publication bias or any demographic, clinical, or methodological moderating effects. Both Val/Val homozygotes (g=0.32, p=0.004) and Met-carriers (g=0.20, p=0.004) from the patient sample had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than the healthy control sample with the same allele. The magnitude of these effects did not differ between the two genotypes. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between this BDNF polymorphism and hippocampal volumes. For each BDNF genotype, the hippocampal volumes were significantly lower in neuropsychiatric patients than in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Harrisberger
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Smieskova
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Lenz
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Walter
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Wittfeld
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - H J Grabe
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Helios Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - U E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park 16, SE58AF London, UK; OASIS Prodromal Team SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Borgwardt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), 4031 Basel, Switzerland; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park 16, SE58AF London, UK.
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Legge RM, Sendi S, Cole JH, Cohen-Woods S, Costafreda SG, Simmons A, Farmer AE, Aitchison KJ, McGuffin P, Fu CHY. Modulatory effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on prefrontal regions in major depressive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206:379-84. [PMID: 25745134 PMCID: PMC4416135 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism contributes to the development of depression (major depressive disorder, MDD), but it is unclear whether neural effects observed in healthy individuals are sustained in MDD. AIMS To investigate BDNF Val66Met effects on key regions in MDD neurocircuitry: amygdala, anterior cingulate, middle frontal and orbitofrontal regions. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in 79 persons with MDD (mean age 49 years) and 74 healthy volunteers (mean age 50 years). Effects on surface area and cortical thickness were examined with multiple comparison correction. RESULTS People who were Met allele carriers showed reduced caudal middle frontal thickness in both study groups. Significant interaction effects were found in the anterior cingulate and rostral middle frontal regions, in which participants in the MDD group who were Met carriers showed the greatest reduction in surface area. CONCLUSIONS Modulatory effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on distinct subregions in the prefrontal cortex in MDD support the neurotrophin model of depression.
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Pallanti S, Tofani T, Zanardelli M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. BDNF and Artemin are increased in drug-naïve non-depressed GAD patients: preliminary data. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2014; 18:255-60. [PMID: 24994477 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2014.940051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the role of neuronal and glial plasticity are well established in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, the pattern and measures of neuronal and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors are unknown in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study evaluates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Artemin (ARTN) plasma levels in GAD patients. METHODS Fourteen drug-naïve GAD patients without major depression were enrolled and plasmatic levels of BDNF and ARTN mRNA were measured by RT-PCR, and compared to matched healthy controls. RESULTS The results showed an unexpected increase in mRNA levels of both BDNF and ARTN in patients with GAD, that appeared almost doubled when compared to healthy controls. In comparison, both BDNF and ARTN are reduced in patients with major depressive disorder. Further, the results are intriguing and might involve distinguishing pathophysiological pathways. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of increased levels of a neurotrophic factor and of a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family member in GAD patients. While further studies to confirm these results and the functional meaning in terms of pathophysiology of GAD are needed, the potential conceptual and clinical meanings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Sacramento, CA , USA
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Qiao M. Mechanisms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway in depressive disorder. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:843-52. [PMID: 25206732 PMCID: PMC4146087 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and has dominated recent studies on the pathogenesis of depression. In the present review we summarize the known roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cAMP response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis of depression and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant medicines. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway has potential to be used as a biological index to help diagnose depression, and as such it is considered as an important new target in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China ; Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Taian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
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28
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Frodl T, Skokauskas N, Frey EM, Morris D, Gill M, Carballedo A. BDNF Val66Met genotype interacts with childhood adversity and influences the formation of hippocampal subfields. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5776-83. [PMID: 25044977 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood stress and genetic factors like the Val66MET polymorphism of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with a higher risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD) and might also influence hippocampal changes. The aim of this study was to determine which hippocampal dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis subfields are altered in MDD compared to healthy controls and which subfields are affected by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and child adversity. Adult patients with MDD and healthy matched controls underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Automatic segmentation using the programme FreeSurfer was used to segment the hippocampal subfields dentate gyrus (DG/CA4), CA1 and CA2/3. The history of possible childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Val66Met BDNF SNP (rs6265) genotypes were obtained. Patients with MDD had significantly smaller CA4/DG and CA2/3 volumes compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant interactive effect of BDNF allele and childhood adversity on CA2/3 and CA4/DG volumes. Met allele carriers without childhood adversity had larger and with childhood adversity smaller CA4/DG and CA2/3 volumes than Val-allele homozygotes. Our results highlight stress by gene interactions as relevant for hippocampal volume reductions, in particular for the subfield CA2/3 and dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Centre of Advanced Medical Imaging, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Molendijk ML, Spinhoven P, Polak M, Bus BAA, Penninx BWJH, Elzinga BM. Serum BDNF concentrations as peripheral manifestations of depression: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analyses on 179 associations (N=9484). Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:791-800. [PMID: 23958957 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses, published in 2008-2010, have confirmed abnormally low serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in depressed patients and normalization of this by antidepressant treatment. These findings are believed to reflect peripheral manifestations of the neurotrophin hypothesis, which states that depression is secondary to an altered expression of BDNF in the brain. Since the publication of these meta-analyses, the field has seen a huge increase in studies on these topics. This motivated us to update the evidence on the aforementioned associations and, in addition, to compile the data on serum BDNF concentrations in relation to the symptom severity of depression. Using a manifold of data as compared with earlier meta-analyses, we find low serum BDNF concentrations in 2384 antidepressant-free depressed patients relative to 2982 healthy controls and to 1249 antidepressant-treated depressed patients (Cohen's d=-0.71 and -0.56, P-values <0.0000001). When publication bias is accounted for, these effect-sizes become substantially smaller (d=-0.47 and -0.34, respectively, P-values<0.0001). We detect between-study heterogeneity in outcomes for which only year of publication and sample size are significant moderators, with more recent papers and larger samples sizes in general being associated with smaller between-group differences. Finally, the aggregated data negate consistent associations between serum BDNF concentrations and the symptom severity of depression. Our findings corroborate the claim that altered serum BDNF concentrations are peripheral manifestations of depression. However, here we highlight that the evidence for this claim is slimmer as was initially thought and amidst a lot of noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Molendijk
- 1] Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Spinhoven
- 1] Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands [3] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Polak
- Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B A A Bus
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [3] University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Elzinga
- 1] Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Harrisberger F, Spalek K, Smieskova R, Schmidt A, Coynel D, Milnik A, Fastenrath M, Freytag V, Gschwind L, Walter A, Vogel T, Bendfeldt K, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A, Borgwardt S. The association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the hippocampal volumes in healthy humans: a joint meta-analysis of published and new data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:267-78. [PMID: 24674929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (refSNP Cluster Report: rs6265) is a common and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The gene itself, as well as the SNP rs6265, have been implicated in hippocampal learning and memory. However, imaging genetic studies have produced controversial results about the impact of this SNP on hippocampal volumes in healthy subjects. METHODS We examined the association between the rs6265 polymorphism and hippocampal volume in 643 healthy young subjects using automatic segmentation and subsequently included these data in a meta-analysis based on published studies with 5298 healthy subjects in total. RESULTS We found no significant association between SNP rs6265 and hippocampal volumes in our sample (g=0.05, p=0.58). The meta-analysis revealed a small, albeit significant difference in hippocampal volumes between genotype groups, such that Met-carriers had slightly smaller hippocampal volumes than Val/Val homozygotes (g=0.09, p=0.04), an association that was only evident when manual (g=0.22, p=0.01) but not automatic tracing approaches (g=0.04, p=0.38) were used. Studies using manual tracing showed evidence for publication bias and a significant decrease in effect size over the years with increasing sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support the association between SNP rs6265 and hippocampal volume in healthy individuals. The weakly significant effect observed in the meta-analysis is mainly driven by studies with small sample sizes. In contrast, our original data and the meta-analysis of automatically segmented hippocampal volumes, which was based on studies with large samples sizes, revealed no significant genotype effect. Thus, meta-analyses of the association between rs6265 and hippocampal volumes should consider possible biases related to measuring technique and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Harrisberger
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Spalek
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Smieskova
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Coynel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Milnik
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Fastenrath
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Freytag
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Gschwind
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Walter
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Vogel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Bendfeldt
- University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D J-F de Quervain
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Papassotiropoulos
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department Biozentrum, Life Science Training Facility, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Borgwardt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Medical Image Analysis Center, Schanzenstrasse 55, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park 16, SE5 8AF London, UK.
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Effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on regional gray matter volumes and cognitive function in the Chinese population. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:127-36. [PMID: 24366608 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is common and influences the activity-dependent secretion of BDNF, which is critical for neuronal plasticity and survival. This study investigated the genetic effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on cognitive function and regional gray matter (GM) volume in a healthy Chinese population (n = 330). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)-optimized analysis was used. There was no significant difference in the neuropsychological performances among the three BDNF genotypic groups. VBM analyses demonstrated that Met homozygotes had greater GM volumes than Val homozygotes in the left medial frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, the left cerebellum, and the right middle temporal gyrus, and had larger GM volumes than Val/Met heterozygotes in the left middle temporal gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Our findings suggest that the presence of two Met alleles has a protective effect on regional GM volumes in the Chinese population.
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32
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Angelucci F, Ricci V, Gelfo F, Martinotti G, Brunetti M, Sepede G, Signorelli M, Aguglia E, Pettorruso M, Vellante F, Di Giannantonio M, Caltagirone C. BDNF serum levels in subjects developing or not post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma exposure. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:118-22. [PMID: 24362070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome resulting from exposure to a severe traumatic event that poses threatened death or injury and produces intense fear and helplessness. The neural structures implicated in PTSD development belong to the limbic system, an important region for emotional processing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that serves as survival factor for selected populations of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and plays a role in the limbic system by regulating synaptic plasticity, memory processes and behavior. Impaired BDNF production in the brain can lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions including symptoms associated with PTSD. However, so far fewer studies have investigated this neurotrophin in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, given the multiple role of BDNF in various CNS disorders, it cannot be excluded that traumatic events per se may influence neurotrophin levels, without a direct association to the PTSD syndrome. To elucidate these issues, in this study we analyzed BDNF serum levels in two groups of subjects: patients with trauma exposure who developed PTSD, and subjects with trauma exposure who did not develop PTSD. We found that BDNF serum levels were lower in PTSD patients as compared to related control subjects. Thus, these data suggest that BDNF might be involved in pathophysiology of PTSD and consequently therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring BDNF serum levels may be beneficial to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Ricci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Brunetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Guo W, Liu F, Liu J, Yu L, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen H, Xiao C. Is there a cerebellar compensatory effort in first-episode, treatment-naive major depressive disorder at rest? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:13-8. [PMID: 23800464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to explore whether there is a cerebellar compensatory response in patients with first-episode, treatment-naive major depressive disorder (MDD). The cerebellar compensatory response is defined as a cerebellar hyperactivity which would be inversely correlated with both the activation of the functionally connected cerebral regions and the depression severity. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 24 patients with MDD and 24 healthy subjects were analyzed with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) methods. The structural images were processed with the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, depressed patients had significantly increased fALFF in the left Crus I and the left cerebellar lobule VI. FC analysis of these two seeded regions found that depressed patients had increased FC between the left Crus I and the right hippocampus, but had decreased FC between the left Crus I and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and between the left cerebellar lobule VI and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus. No correlation was observed between the abnormal fALFF of the seeds and their connected regions and the depression severity or the executive function. The VBM results did not show significant reduction in gray or white matter volume in any above-mentioned region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased cerebellar activity at resting state may be a disease state phenomenon but not a compensatory response to the dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN) in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University; Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Musil R, Zill P, Seemüller F, Bondy B, Obermeier M, Spellmann I, Bender W, Adli M, Heuser I, Zeiler J, Gaebel W, Maier W, Rietschel M, Rujescu D, Schennach R, Möller HJ, Riedel M. No influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on treatment response in a naturalistic sample of patients with major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:405-12. [PMID: 22965830 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains to be elucidated. Recent post hoc analyses indicated a potential association of three polymorphisms in the BDNF gene with worse treatment outcome in patients with the subtype of melancholic depression. We aimed at replicating these findings in a German naturalistic multicenter follow-up. Three polymorphisms in the BDNF gene (rs7103411, rs6265 (Val66Met) and rs7124442) were genotyped in 324 patients with MDD and 470 healthy controls. We applied univariate tests and logistic regression models stratifying for depression subtype and gender. The three polymorphisms were not associated with MDD as diagnosis. Further, no associations were found in univariate tests. With logistic regression, we only found a tendency towards an association of the rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism with overall response to treatment (response rates: GG (val/val) < GA (val/met) < AA (met/met); p = 0.0129) and some gender differences for the rs6265 (Val66Met) and rs7103411 polymorphisms. Treatment outcome stratified for subtypes of depression did not differ significantly between the investigated polymorphisms or using haplotype analyses. However, results showed a tendency towards significance. At this stage, we cannot support an influence of these three polymorphisms. Further studies in larger patient samples to increase sample sizes of subgroups are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Wu P, Zuo X, Deng H, Liu X, Liu L, Ji A. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in brain development, functional diversification and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Bull 2013; 97:69-80. [PMID: 23756188 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been attracting immense research interest, while only a handful of lncRNAs have been characterized thoroughly. Their involvement in the fundamental cellular processes including regulate gene expression at epigenetics, transcription, and post-transcription highlighted a central role in cell homeostasis. However, lncRNAs studies are still at a relatively early stage, their definition, conservation, functions, and action mechanisms remain fairly complicated. Here, we give a systematic and comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge of lncRNAs in order to provide a better understanding of this new studying field. lncRNAs play important roles in brain development, neuron function and maintenance, and neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly evident. In this review, we also highlighted recent studies related lncRNAs in central nervous system (CNS) development and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and elucidated some specific lncRNAs which may be important for understanding the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, also have the potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
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36
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Dodd S, Maes M, Anderson G, Dean OM, Moylan S, Berk M. Putative neuroprotective agents in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013. [PMID: 23178231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In many individuals with major neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, their disease characteristics are consistent with a neuroprogressive illness. This includes progressive structural brain changes, cognitive and functional decline, poorer treatment response and an increasing vulnerability to relapse with chronicity. The underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroprogression are thought to include neurotrophins and regulation of neurogenesis and apoptosis, neurotransmitters, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cortisol and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and epigenetic influences. Knowledge of the involvement of each of these pathways implies that specific agents that act on some or multiple of these pathways may thus block this cascade and have neuroprotective properties. This paper reviews the potential of the most promising of these agents, including lithium and other known psychotropics, aspirin, minocycline, statins, N-acetylcysteine, leptin and melatonin. These agents are putative neuroprotective agents for schizophrenia and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetal Dodd
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Carballedo A, Morris D, Zill P, Fahey C, Reinhold E, Meisenzahl E, Bondy B, Gill M, Möller HJ, Frodl T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and early life adversity affect hippocampal volume. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:183-90. [PMID: 23341118 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between adverse life events during childhood and genetic factors is associated with a higher risk to develop major depressive disorder (MDD). One of the polymorphisms found to be associated with MDD is the Val66MET polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The aim of our two-center study was to determine how the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and childhood adversity affect the volumetric measures of the hippocampus in healthy individuals and people with MDD. In this two-center study, 62 adult patients with MDD and 71 healthy matched controls underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. We used manual tracing of the bilateral hippocampal structure with help of the software BRAINS2, assessed childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and genotyped Val66Met BDNF SNP (rs6265). MDD patients had smaller hippocampal volumes, both in the left and right hemispheres (F = 5.4, P = 0.022). We also found a significant interaction between BDNF allele and history of childhood adversity (F = 6.1, P = 0.015): Met allele carriers in our samples showed significantly smaller hippocampal volumes when they did have a history of childhood adversity, both in patients and controls. Our results highlight how relevant stress-gene interactions are for hippocampal volume reductions. Subjects exposed to early life adversity developed smaller hippocampal volumes when they carry the Met-allele of the BDNF polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Carballedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Cardoner N, Soria V, Gratacòs M, Hernández-Ribas R, Pujol J, López-Solà M, Deus J, Urretavizcaya M, Estivill X, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C. Val66Met BDNF genotypes in melancholic depression: effects on brain structure and treatment outcome. Depress Anxiety 2013; 30:225-33. [PMID: 23165919 DOI: 10.1002/da.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prodomain single-nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a valine to methionine substitution (Val66Met) has been associated with depression-related phenotypes and brain alterations involving regions consistently associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of regional gray matter (GM) volume within the hippocampus and other unpredicted regions at the whole-brain level with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in MDD patients with melancholic features and their impact on treatment outcome. METHODS A sample of 37 MDD inpatients was assessed with three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (1.5-T scanner). GM volume was analyzed with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). The BDNF Val66Met variant was genotyped using SNPlex technology. MDD patients were classified according to genotype distribution under a dominant model of inheritance and thus comparing Val66 homozygotes (n = 22) versus Met66 carriers (n = 15). RESULTS A significant GM volume reduction in the left hippocampus was observed in Met66 carriers. Conversely, in the same group, a volume increase in the right orbitofrontal cortex was detected. Moreover, a significant negative correlation between left hippocampal volume and days to remission was found in Val66 homozygotes, whereas right orbitofrontal volume was inversely correlated to days to remission in Met66 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the Val66Met BDNF variant may have a differential impact on the brain structure of melancholic patients with possible treatment outcome implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcís Cardoner
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews literature published over the period January 2011-June 2012 on biomarkers in major depression. RECENT FINDINGS Although a large body of research accumulated over the past decades points to distinct biological mechanisms being involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), its precise pathobiology is not yet fully understood. In the last 2 years, substantial new research has been generated in an attempt to identify and characterize novel candidate biomarkers for MDD. This review provides an update on biomarker research in MDD and summarizes the most recent results from neuroimaging, genetic, epigenetic, and neurochemical studies in MDD. SUMMARY Promising new findings report high diagnostic accuracy for metabonomic and epigenetic approaches as well as combinatorial functional neuroimaging approaches, which are currently representing the forefront of MDD biomarker development.
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Isıklı S, Ugurlu O, Durmusoglu E, Kizilates G, Kitis O, Ozan E, Eker C, Coburn K, Gonul AS. Altered hippocampal formation shape in first-episode depressed patients at 5-year follow-up. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:50-5. [PMID: 23069650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that patients with major depressive disorder have smaller hippocampus size compared to healthy people. However, it is still not known if this situation exists before the onset of the disease or is a result of the toxic mechanism created by the depression itself. The findings of the long-term follow-up studies of first-episode depressed patients might contribute to solve the ongoing problem. In this study, the hippocampus of 18 first-episode patients who were followed-up for 5 years, were compared with those of healthy controls. There were no volumetric differences among groups neither at the baseline nor after 5 years of follow-up. However, shape analyses, using high dimensional mapping methods, revealed regional structural changes in the head and tail of the hippocampal formation in CA1 and subiculum regions in patients at the follow-up. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found with the number of days in depression without antidepressant treatment in the CA1 region in the head and tail of the hippocampal formation bilaterally. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that pathophysiological processes of depression induce structural alterations in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Isıklı
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, SoCAT Lab, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Effect of BDNF val66met polymorphism on declarative memory and its neural substrate: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2165-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Molendijk ML, Bus BAA, Spinhoven P, Kaimatzoglou A, Oude Voshaar RC, Penninx BWJH, van IJzendoorn MH, Elzinga BM. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between BDNF val(66)met and hippocampal volume--a genuine effect or a winners curse? Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:731-40. [PMID: 22815222 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistenties have been reported with regard to an association between val(66)met, a polymorphism on the BDNF gene, and hippocampal volume. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to determine the magnitude and direction of this putative association and estimated the potential influence of demographic, clinical, and methodological characteristics of studies. Tests of publication bias and time-related trends were performed and statistical power of the included studies was calculated. The literature search for MRI studies on differences in total hippocampal volume as a function of BDNF val(66)met returned 25 records that fulfilled our criteria (total N = 3,620). Meta-analysis showed that carriers of a met allele had lower hippocampal volumes relative to val/val homozygotes (d = 0.13, P = 0.02). Between-study heterogeneity in effect size estimates was substantial (Q = 54.47, P < .001) and this could not be explained by demographic, clinical, and methodological differences across studies. Funnel plot inspection and trim-and-fill estimations suggested evidence for publication bias and effect sizes decreased substantially over the years (Pearson's r = -0.54, P < .01). All included studies were underpowered. This meta-analysis shows that carriers of a met allele have lower total hippocampal volumes relative to val/val homozygotes. However, effect sizes converged closer to null with virtually each attempt at replication and were based on underpowered studies. Altogether, this may call into question whether the observed effect is a genuine biological effect of the met allele or whether it is subject to a winners curse, with large effect sizes found in a few early studies and increasingly smaller effect sizes in later studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Molendijk
- Clinical, Health, and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Carballedo A, Amico F, Ugwu I, Fagan AJ, Fahey C, Morris D, Meaney JF, Leemans A, Frodl T. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus in patients with major depression carrying the met-allele of the Val66Met brain-derived neurotrophic factor genotype. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:537-48. [PMID: 22585743 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies support a neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Val66Met brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism on the white matter fiber tracts connecting hippocampus and amygdala with the prefrontal lobe in a sample of patients with MDD and healthy controls. Thirty-seven patients with MDD and 42 healthy volunteers were recruited. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data with 61 diffusion directions were obtained with MRI 3 Tesla scanner. Deterministic tractography was applied with ExploreDTI and Val66Met BDNF SNP (rs6265) was genotyped. Fiber tracts connecting the hippocampus and amygdala with the prefrontal lobe, namely uncinate fasciculus (UF), fornix, and cingulum were analyzed. A significant interaction was found in the UF between BDNF alleles and diagnosis. Patients carrying the BDNF met-allele had smaller fractional anisotropy (FA) in the UF compared to those patients homozygous for val-allele and compared to healthy subjects carrying the met-allele. A significant three-way interaction was detected between region of the cingulum (dorsal, rostral, and parahippocampal regions), brain hemisphere and BDNF genotype. Larger FA was detectable in the left rostral cingulum for met-allele carriers when compared to val/val alelle carriers. We provide evidence for the importance of the neurotrophic involvement in limbic and prefrontal connections. The met-allele of the BDNF polymorphism seems to render subjects more vulnerable for dysfunctions associated with the UF, a tract known to be related to negative emotional-cognitive processing bias, declarative memory problems, and autonoetic self awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carballedo
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Modarresi F, Faghihi MA, Lopez-Toledano MA, Fatemi RP, Magistri M, Brothers SP, van der Brug MP, Wahlestedt C. Inhibition of natural antisense transcripts in vivo results in gene-specific transcriptional upregulation. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:453-9. [PMID: 22446693 PMCID: PMC4144683 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that natural antisense transcripts (NATs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can function as repressors of specific genomic loci and that their removal or inhibition by AntagoNAT oligonucleotides leads to transient and reversible upregulation of sense gene expression. As one example, we show that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is under the control of a conserved noncoding antisense RNA transcript, BDNF-AS, both in vitro and in vivo. BDNF-AS tonically represses BDNF sense RNA transcription by altering chromatin structure at the BDNF locus, which in turn reduces endogenous BDNF protein and function. By providing additional and analogous examples of endogenous mRNA upregulation, we suggest that antisense RNA mediated transcriptional suppression is a common phenomenon. In sum, we demonstrate a novel pharmacological strategy by which endogenous gene expression can be upregulated in a locus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Modarresi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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HAJEK TOMAS, KOPECEK MILOSLAV, HÖSCHL CYRIL. Reduced hippocampal volumes in healthy carriers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism: meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13:178-87. [PMID: 21722019 PMCID: PMC4831902 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.580005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Converging evidence suggests that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism affects brain structure. Yet the majority of studies have shown no effect of this polymorphism on hippocampal volumes, perhaps due to small effect size. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating the association between Val66Met BDNF polymorphism and hippocampal volumes in healthy subjects by combining standardized differences between means (SDM) from individual studies using random effect models. RESULTS Data from 399 healthy subjects (255 Val-BDNF homozygotes and 144 carriers of at least one Met-BDNF allele) in seven studies were meta-analysed. Both the left and right hippocampi were significantly larger in Val-BDNF homozygotes than in carriers of at least one Met-BDNF allele (SDM = 0.41, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.20; 0.62, z = 3.86, P = 0.0001; SDM = 0.41; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.20; 0.61, z = 3.81, P = 0.0001, respectively), with no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Healthy carriers of BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism show bilateral hippocampal volume reduction. The effect size was small, but the same direction of effect was seen in all meta-analyzed studies. The association with the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism makes hippocampal volume a potential candidate for an endophenotype of disorders presenting with reduced hippocampal volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- TOMAS HAJEK
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada,Prague Psychiatric Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - MILOSLAV KOPECEK
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - CYRIL HÖSCHL
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Erickson KI, Miller DL, Roecklein KA. The aging hippocampus: interactions between exercise, depression, and BDNF. Neuroscientist 2012; 18:82-97. [PMID: 21531985 PMCID: PMC3575139 DOI: 10.1177/1073858410397054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Late adulthood is associated with increased hippocampal atrophy and dysfunction. Although there are multiple paths by which hippocampal deterioration occurs in late life, the authors discuss the evidence that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and age-related changes in BDNF protein or receptor expression contribute to hippocampal atrophy. The authors conclude that few studies have tested whether BDNF mediates age-related hippocampal atrophy and memory impairment. However, there is strong evidence that decreased BDNF is associated with age-related hippocampal dysfunction, memory impairment, and increased risk for depression, whereas increasing BDNF by aerobic exercise appears to ameliorate hippocampal atrophy, improve memory function, and reduce depression. Importantly, the most consistent associations between BDNF and hippocampal dysfunction have emerged from research on BDNF protein expression in rodents and serum and plasma concentrations of BDNF in humans. Current research suggests that the BDNF val66met polymorphism may be only weakly associated with hippocampal atrophy in late adulthood. These conclusions are interpreted in relation to age-related memory impairment and preventions for hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Advances in Relationship Between Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Depressive Disorder*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Drug withdrawal-induced depression: Serotonergic and plasticity changes in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:696-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cole J, Weinberger DR, Mattay VS, Cheng X, Toga AW, Thompson PM, Powell-Smith G, Cohen-Woods S, Simmons A, McGuffin P, Fu CHY. No effect of 5HTTLPR or BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on hippocampal morphology in major depression. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:756-64. [PMID: 21692988 PMCID: PMC3420971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research implicates the hippocampus in the aetiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Imaging genetics studies have investigated the influence of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on the hippocampus in healthy individuals and patients with depression (MDD). However, conflicting results have led to inconclusive evidence about the effect of 5HTTLPR or BDNF on hippocampal volume (HCV). We hypothesized that analysis methods based on three-dimensional (3D) hippocampal shape mapping could offer improved sensitivity to clarify these effects. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in parallel samples of 111 healthy individuals and 84 MDD patients. Manual hippocampal segmentation was conducted and the resulting data used to investigate the influence of 5HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met genotypes on HCV and 3D shape within each sample. Hippocampal volume normalized by intracranial volume (ICV) showed no significant difference between 5HTTLPR S allele carriers and L/L homozygotes or between BDNF Met allele carriers and Val/Val homozygotes in the group of healthy individuals. Moreover, there was no significant difference in normalized HCV between 5HTTLPR diallelic and triallelic classifications or between the BDNF Val66Met genotypes in MDD patients, although there was a relationship between BDNF Val66Met and ICV. Shape analysis detected dispersed between-group differences, but these effects did not survive multiple testing correction. In this study, there was no evidence of a genetic effect for 5HTTLPR or BDNF Val66Met on hippocampal morphology in either healthy individuals or MDD patients despite the relatively large sample sizes and sensitive methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cole
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Disrupted brain connectivity networks in drug-naive, first-episode major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:334-42. [PMID: 21791259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by structural and functional abnormalities in specific brain regions and connections; yet, little is known about alterations of the topological organization of whole-brain networks in MDD patients. METHODS Thirty drug-naive, first-episode MDD patients and 63 healthy control subjects underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The whole-brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding partial correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, and their topological properties (e.g., small-world, efficiency, and nodal centrality) were analyzed using graph theory-based approaches. Nonparametric permutation tests were further used for group comparisons of topological metrics. RESULTS Both the MDD and control groups showed small-world architecture in brain functional networks, suggesting a balance between functional segregation and integration. However, compared with control subjects, the MDD patients showed altered quantitative values in the global properties, characterized by lower path length and higher global efficiency, implying a shift toward randomization in their brain networks. The MDD patients exhibited increased nodal centralities, predominately in the caudate nucleus and default-mode regions, including the hippocampus, inferior parietal, medial frontal, and parietal regions, and reduced nodal centralities in the occipital, frontal (orbital part), and temporal regions. The altered nodal centralities in the left hippocampus and the left caudate nucleus were correlated with disease duration and severity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that depressive disorder is associated with disruptions in the topological organization of functional brain networks and that this disruption may contribute to disturbances in mood and cognition in MDD patients.
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