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Thakur MR, Nachane SS, Tupe RS. Alleviation of albumin glycation-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by L-Arginine: Insights into Nrf-2 signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130478. [PMID: 38428781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In hyperglycemia, accelerated glycation and oxidative stress give rise to many diabetic complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) has disturbed structural integrity and hampered functional capabilities. When GHSA accumulates around cardiac cells, Nrf-2 is dysregulated, aiding oxidative stress. L-Arginine (L-Arg) is prescribed to patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This research contributes to the mechanistic insights on antiglycation and antioxidant potential of L-Arg in alleviating DCM. HSA was glycated with methylglyoxal in the presence of L-Arg (20-640 mM). Structural and functional modifications of HSA were studied. L-Arg and HSA, GHSA interactions, and thermodynamics were determined by steady-state fluorescence. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were given treatments of GHSA-L-Arg along with the inhibitor of the receptor of AGEs. Cellular antioxidant levels, detoxification enzyme activities were measured. Gene, protein expressions, and immunofluorescence data examined the activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 during glycation and oxidative stress. L-Arg protected HSA from glycation-induced structural and functional modifications. The binding affinity of L-Arg was more towards HSA (104 M-1). L-Arg, specifically at lower concentration (20 mM), upregulated Nrf-2 gene, protein expressions and facilitated its nuclear translocation by activating Nrf-2 signaling. The study concluded that L-Arg can be of therapeutic advantage in glycation-induced DCM and associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan R Thakur
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sampada S Nachane
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Rashmi S Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra State, India.
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Zhou C, Li J, Guo C, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cai Y, Zhou J, Xia M, Ming Y. Alterations in gut microbiome and metabolite profile of patients with Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:346. [PMID: 37798771 PMCID: PMC10552355 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma infection is a significant public health issue, affecting over 200 million individuals and threatening 700 million people worldwide. The species prevalent in China is Schistosoma japonicum. Recent studies showed that both gut microbiota and metabolome are closely related to schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, but clinical study is limited and the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. This study aimed to explore alterations as well as function of gut microbiota and metabolite profile in the patients with S. japonicum infection. METHODS This study included 20 patients diagnosed with chronic schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum, eight patients with advanced schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum and 13 healthy volunteers. The fresh feces of these participators, clinical examination results and basic information were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiota, while ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to explore the metabolome of patients in different stages of schistosomiasis. RESULTS The study found that gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in patients with different stages of S. japonicum infection. Compared with healthy control group, the gut microbial diversity in patients with chronic S. japonicum infection was decreased significantly. However, the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with chronic schistosomiasis was similar to that in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. Compared with uninfected people, patients with schistosomiasis showed decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria. As disease progressed, Firmicutes was further reduced in patients with advanced S. japonicum infection, while Proteobacteria was further increased. In addition, the most altered metabolites in patients with S. japonicum infection were lipids and lipid-like molecules as well as organo-heterocyclic compounds, correlated with the clinical manifestations and disease progress of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the gut microbiota and metabolome altered in patients in different stages of schistosomiasis, which was correlated with progression of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum. This inter-omics analysis may shed light on a better understanding of the mechanisms of the progression of S. japonicum infection and contribute to identifying new potential targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of S. japonicum infection. However, a large sample size of validation in clinic is needed, and further study is required to investigate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Schistosomiasis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Forzano I, Avvisato R, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Cioppa A, Mone P, Salemme L, Kansakar U, Tesorio T, Trimarco V, Santulli G. L-Arginine in diabetes: clinical and preclinical evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:89. [PMID: 37072850 PMCID: PMC10114382 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Arginine (L-Arg), is a semi-essential amino acid involved in the formation of nitric oxide. The functional relevance of L-Arg in diabetes mellitus has been evaluated both in animal models and in human subjects. In the literature there are several lines of evidence indicating that L-Arg has beneficial effects in diabetes and numerous studies advocate its administration to attenuate glucose intolerance in diabetic patients. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the main studies exploring the effects of L-Arg in diabetes, including preclinical and clinical reports on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Forzano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Cioppa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Montevergine Clinic, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Alanazi S, Alenzi N, Fearnley J, Harnett W, Watson DG. Temperate Propolis Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Formation in Macrophages. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100413. [PMID: 33066666 PMCID: PMC7602400 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that propolis has immunomodulatory activity. Extracts from two UK propolis samples were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities by investigating their ability to alter the production of the cytokines: tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The propolis extracts suppressed the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with less effect on TNFα. In addition, propolis reduced the levels of nitric oxide formed by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Metabolomic profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on a ZIC-pHILIC column. LPS increased the levels of intermediates involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis; propolis lowered many of these. In addition, LPS produced an increase in itaconate and citrate, and propolis treatment increased itaconate still further while greatly reducing citrate levels. Moreover, LPS treatment increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and intermediates in its biosynthesis, while propolis treatment boosted these still further. In addition, propolis treatment greatly increased levels of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar conjugates. Overall, the results showed that propolis extracts exert an anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by the metabolic reprogramming of LPS activity in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyah Alanazi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyad 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif Alenzi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyad 13513, Saudi Arabia;
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, 6 Hunter Street, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO21 3DA, UK;
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.G.W.); Tel.: +44-141-548-3725 (W.H.); +44-141-548-2651 (D.G.W.)
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.G.W.); Tel.: +44-141-548-3725 (W.H.); +44-141-548-2651 (D.G.W.)
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Garbincius JF, Merz LE, Cuttitta AJ, Bayne KV, Schrade S, Armstead EA, Converso-Baran KL, Whitesall SE, D'Alecy LG, Michele DE. Enhanced dimethylarginine degradation improves coronary flow reserve and exercise tolerance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H582-H603. [PMID: 32762558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00333.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by null mutations in dystrophin and characterized by muscle degeneration. Cardiomyopathy is common and often prevalent at similar frequency in female DMD carriers irrespective of whether they manifest skeletal muscle disease. Impaired muscle nitric oxide (NO) production in DMD disrupts muscle blood flow regulation and exaggerates postexercise fatigue. We show that circulating levels of endogenous methylated arginines including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which act as NO synthase inhibitors, are elevated by acute necrotic muscle damage and in chronically necrotic dystrophin-deficient mice. We therefore hypothesized that excessive ADMA impairs muscle NO production and diminishes exercise tolerance in DMD. We used transgenic expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH), which degrades methylated arginines, to investigate their contribution to exercise-induced fatigue in DMD. Although infusion of exogenous ADMA was sufficient to impair exercise performance in wild-type mice, transgenic DDAH expression did not rescue exercise-induced fatigue in dystrophin-deficient male mdx mice. Surprisingly, DDAH transgene expression did attenuate exercise-induced fatigue in dystrophin-heterozygous female mdx carrier mice. Improved exercise tolerance was associated with reduced heart weight and improved cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness in DDAH-transgenic mdx carriers. We conclude that DDAH overexpression increases exercise tolerance in female DMD carriers, possibly by limiting cardiac pathology and preserving the heart's responses to changes in physiological demand. Methylated arginine metabolism may be a new target to improve exercise tolerance and cardiac function in DMD carriers or act as an adjuvant to promote NO signaling alongside therapies that partially restore dystrophin expression in patients with DMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carriers are at risk for cardiomyopathy. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is released from damaged muscle in DMD and impairs exercise performance. Transgenic expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase to degrade ADMA prevents cardiac hypertrophy, improves cardiac function, and improves exercise tolerance in DMD carrier mice. These findings highlight the relevance of ADMA to muscular dystrophy and have important implications for therapies targeting nitric oxide in patients with DMD and DMD carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren E Merz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashley J Cuttitta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaitlynn V Bayne
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sara Schrade
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily A Armstead
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Steven E Whitesall
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Louis G D'Alecy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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7
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S. Clemente G, van Waarde A, F. Antunes I, Dömling A, H. Elsinga P. Arginase as a Potential Biomarker of Disease Progression: A Molecular Imaging Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5291. [PMID: 32722521 PMCID: PMC7432485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is a widely known enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The action of arginase goes beyond the boundaries of hepatic ureogenic function, being widespread through most tissues. Two arginase isoforms coexist, the type I (Arg1) predominantly expressed in the liver and the type II (Arg2) expressed throughout extrahepatic tissues. By producing L-ornithine while competing with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the same substrate (L-arginine), arginase can influence the endogenous levels of polyamines, proline, and NO•. Several pathophysiological processes may deregulate arginase/NOS balance, disturbing the homeostasis and functionality of the organism. Upregulated arginase expression is associated with several pathological processes that can range from cardiovascular, immune-mediated, and tumorigenic conditions to neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, arginase is a potential biomarker of disease progression and severity and has recently been the subject of research studies regarding the therapeutic efficacy of arginase inhibitors. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of arginase and the current state of development of arginase inhibitors, discussing the potential of arginase as a molecular imaging biomarker and stimulating the development of novel specific and high-affinity arginase imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Inês F. Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.C.); (A.v.W.); (I.F.A.)
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8
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Metabolomic Profiling of Submaximal Exercise at a Standardised Relative Intensity in Healthy Adults. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6010009. [PMID: 26927198 PMCID: PMC4812338 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten physically active subjects underwent two cycling exercise trials. In the first, aerobic capacity (VO2max) was determined and the second was a 45 min submaximal exercise test. Urine samples were collected separately the day before (day 1) , the day of (day 2), and the day after (day 3) the submaximal exercise test (12 samples per subject). Metabolomic profiling of the samples was carried out using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to an Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer. Data were extracted, database searched and then subjected to principle components (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLSDA) modelling. The best results were obtained from pre-treating the data by normalising the metabolites to their mean output on days 1 and 2 of the trial. This allowed PCA to separate the day 2 first void samples (D2S1) from the day 2 post-exercise samples (D2S3) PCA also separated the equivalent samples obtained on day 1 (D1S1 and D1S3). OPLSDA modelling separated both the D2S1 and D2S3 samples and D1S1 and D1S3 samples. The metabolites affected by the exercise samples included a range of purine metabolites and several acyl carnitines. Some metabolites were subject to diurnal variation these included bile acids and several amino acids, the variation of these metabolites was similar on day 1 and day 2 despite the exercise intervention on day 2. Using OPLS modelling it proved possible to identify a single abundant urinary metabolite provisionally identified as oxo-aminohexanoic acid (OHA) as being strongly correlated with VO2max when the levels in the D2S3 samples were considered.
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Kristofikova Z, Ricny J, Sirova J, Ripova D, Lubitz I, Schnaider-Beeri M. Differences Between Tg2576 and Wild Type Mice in the NMDA Receptor-Nitric Oxide Pathway After Prolonged Application of a Diet High in Advanced Glycation End Products. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1709-18. [PMID: 26189181 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that advanced glycation end (AGE) products, via cognate receptor activation, are implicated in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The NMDA receptor-nitric oxide pathway appears to be influenced by AGE products and involved in the pathogenesis of this type of dementia. In this study, C57BL/6J (WT) and transgenic (Tg2576) mice expressing human mutant amyloid precursor protein were kept on prolonged (8 months) diets containing regular or high amounts of AGE products. After the decapitation of 11-months old mice, brain tissue analyses were performed [expressions of the NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors, activities of neuronal, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS)]. Moreover, levels of malondialdehyde and of human amyloid β 1-42 were estimated. We found increased activity of nNOS in WT mice maintained on a high compared to regular AGE diet; however, no similar differences were found in Tg2576 mice. In addition, we observed an increase in NR1 expression in Tg2576 compared to WT mice, both kept on a diet high in AGE products. Correlation analyses performed on mice kept on the regular AGE diet supported close links between particular subunits (NR2A-NR2B, in WT as well as in Tg2576 mice), between subunits and synthase (NR2A/NR2B-nNOS, only in WT mice) or between particular synthases (nNOS-iNOS, only in WT). Correlation analysis also revealed differences between WT mice kept on both diets (changed correlations between NR2A/NR2B-nNOS, between nNOS-eNOS and between eNOS-iNOS). Malondialdehyde levels were increased in both Tg2576 groups when compared to the corresponding WT mice, but no effects of the diets were observed. Analogously, no significant effects of diets were found in the levels of soluble or insoluble amyloid β 1-42 in Tg2576 mice. Our results demonstrate that prolonged ingestion of AGE products can influence the NMDA receptor-nitric oxide pathway in the brain and that only WT mice, not Tg2576 mice, are able to maintain homeostasis among subunits and synthases or among particular synthases. The prolonged application of AGE products enhanced differences between 11-months old Tg2576 and WT mice regarding this pathway. Observed differences in the pathway between WT mice kept on regular or high AGE diets suggest that the prolonged application of a diet low in AGE products could have beneficial effects in older or diabetic people and perhaps also in people with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Kristofikova
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic,
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10
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Delgado-Andrade C. Maillard reaction products: some considerations on their health effects. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:53-60. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Neves D. Advanced glycation end-products: a common pathway in diabetes and age-related erectile dysfunction. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:49-69. [PMID: 23822116 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.821701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive derivatives of non-enzymatic glucose-protein condensation reactions integrate a heterogeneous group of irreversible adducts called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Numerous studies have investigated the role of the AGEs in cardiovascular system; however, its contribution to erectile dysfunction (ED) that is an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease has been less intensively investigated. This review summarizes the most recent advances concerning AGEs effects in the cavernous tissue of the penis and in ED onset, particularly on diabetes and aging, conditions that not only favor AGEs formation, but also increase risk of developing ED. The specific contribution of AGE on intra- and extracellular deposition of insoluble complexes, interference in activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, NO bioavailability, endothelial-dependent vasodilatation, as well as molecular pathways activated by receptor of AGEs are presented. Finally, the interventional actions that prevent AGEs formation, accumulation or activity in the cavernous tissue and that include nutritional pattern modulation, nutraceuticals, exercise, therapeutic strategies (statins, anti-diabetics, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-5, anti-hypertensive drugs) and inhibitors of AGEs formation and crosslink breakers, are discussed. From this review, we conclude that despite the experiments conducted in animal models pointing to the AGE/RAGE axis as a potential interventional target with respect to ED associated with diabetes and aging, the clinical data have been very disappointing and, until now, did not provide evidence of benefits of treatments directed to AGE inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neves
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine and IBMC of Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Protein glycation during aging and in cardiovascular disease. J Proteomics 2013; 92:248-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Balderas C, Rupérez FJ, Ibañez E, Señorans J, Guerrero-Fernández J, Casado IG, Gracia-Bouthelier R, García A, Barbas C. Plasma and urine metabolic fingerprinting of type 1 diabetic children. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2882-90. [PMID: 23857511 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood. The metabolic control is lost due to the lack of insulin, which is the main treatment for the disease. Nevertheless, long-term complications appear even under good glycemic control. Metabolomics, an emerging strategy, can help in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations in plasma (by LC-MS) and urine (CE-MS) of type 1 diabetic children that were under insulin treatment and good glycemic control. Even without remarkable biochemical differences between the two groups (diabetic and control) except for glucose level and glycosilated hemoglobin, metabolomic tools were able to capture subtle metabolic differences. The main changes in plasma were associated to lipidic metabolism (nonesterified fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and other derivatives of fatty acids), and some markers of the differential activity of the gut microflora were also found (bile acids, p-cresol sulfate). In urine, changes associated to protein and amino acid metabolism were found (amino acids, their metabolites and derivatives), and among them one advanced glycation end product (carboxyethylarginine) and one early glycation end product (fructosamine) were excreted in higher proportion in the diabetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Balderas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis - CEMBIO, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Sun X, Sharma S, Fratz S, Kumar S, Rafikov R, Aggarwal S, Rafikova O, Lu Q, Burns T, Dasarathy S, Wright J, Schreiber C, Radman M, Fineman JR, Black SM. Disruption of endothelial cell mitochondrial bioenergetics in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1739-52. [PMID: 23244702 PMCID: PMC3619212 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mitochondrial dysfunction in our lamb model of congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) (Shunt) is associated with disrupted carnitine metabolism. Our recent studies have also shown that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are increased in Shunt lambs and ADMA increases the nitration of mitochondrial proteins in lamb pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) in a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent manner. Thus, we determined whether there was a mechanistic link between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), ADMA, and the disruption of carnitine homeostasis in PAEC. RESULTS Exposure of PAEC to ADMA induced the redistribution of eNOS to the mitochondria, resulting in an increase in carnitine acetyl transferase (CrAT) nitration and decreased CrAT activity. The resulting increase in acyl-carnitine levels resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Since the addition of L-arginine prevented these pathologic changes, we examined the effect of L-arginine supplementation on carnitine homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in Shunt lambs. We found that the treatment of Shunt lambs with L-arginine prevented the ADMA-mediated mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS, the nitration-mediated inhibition of CrAT, and maintained carnitine homeostasis. In turn, adenosine-5'-triphosphate levels and eNOS/heat shock protein 90 interactions were preserved, and this decreased NOS uncoupling and enhanced NO generation. INNOVATION Our data link alterations in cellular L-arginine metabolism with the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics and implicate altered carnitine homeostasis as a key player in this process. CONCLUSION L-arginine supplementation may be a useful therapy to prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the pulmonary vascular alterations secondary to increased PBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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15
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Naser N, Januszewski AS, Brown BE, Jenkins AJ, Hill MA, Murphy TV. Advanced glycation end products acutely impair ca(2+) signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:38. [PMID: 23483845 PMCID: PMC3593230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins in diabetes, including formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to vascular dysfunction and disease. Impaired function of the endothelium is an early indicator of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and as many endothelial cell processes are dependent upon intracellular [Ca2+] and Ca2+ signaling, the aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of AGEs on Ca2+ signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Ca2+ signaling was studied using the fluorescent indicator dye Fura-2-AM. AGEs were generated by incubating bovine serum albumin with 0–250 mM glucose or glucose-6-phosphate for 0–120 days at 37°C. Under all conditions, the main AGE species generated was carboxymethyl lysine (CML) as assayed using both gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. In Ca2+-replete solution, exposure of BAEC to AGEs for 5 min caused an elevation in basal [Ca2+] and attenuated the increase in intracellular [Ca2+] caused by ATP (100 μM). In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, exposure of BAEC to AGEs for 5 min caused an elevation in basal [Ca2+] and attenuated subsequent intracellular Ca2+ release caused by ATP, thapsigargin (0.1 μM), and ionomycin (3 μM), but AGEs did not affect extracellular Ca2+ entry induced by the re-addition of Ca2+ to the bathing solution in the presence of any of these agents. The anti-oxidant α-lipoic acid (2 μM) and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors apocynin (500 μM) and diphenyleneiodonium (1 μM) abolished these effects of AGEs on BAECs, as did the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C (1 μM). In summary, AGEs caused an acute depletion of Ca2+ from the intracellular store in BAECs, such that the Ca2+ signal stimulated by the subsequent application other agents acting upon this store is reduced. The mechanism may involve generation of reactive oxygen species from NAD(P)H oxidase and possible activation of the IP3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Naser
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lai YL, Aoyama S, Ohata M, Otsuka N, Shiokawa H, Tomono S, Fujiwara Y, Kanazawa H, Miyoshi N, Ohshima H. Dysregulation of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine pathway in rat type II diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 51:143-9. [PMID: 22962534 PMCID: PMC3432826 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An impaired generation of nitric oxide has been associated with diabetic renal disease. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms into how nitric oxide synthesis is impaired in diabetic renal disease, we examined changes in activities and expressions of some renal enzymes involved in nitric oxide production during the development of diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Ten-week old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (n = 40) and control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats (n = 20) were given drinking water containing 20% sucrose to accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats developed diabetic nephropathy in an age-dependent manner. Renal nitric oxide synthase activities in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats gradually declined with the progression of diabetic mellitus and were significantly lower than those of age-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats after 22 weeks of age. The lower activities of renal nitric oxide synthase in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats were correlated with relatively higher levels of renal free asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and were also correlated with decreased activities of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase which metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine to citrulline. These results imply that dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase dysregulation may play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy by increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine levels, which leads to inhibition of renal nitric oxide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ling Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Global Center of Excellence Program, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Lai YL, Tomono S, Miyoshi N, Ohshima H. Inhibition of endothelial- and neuronal-type, but not inducible-type, nitric oxide synthase by the oxidized cholesterol metabolite secosterol aldehyde: Implications for vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:84-9. [PMID: 22247606 PMCID: PMC3246188 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol ozonolysis products secosterol-A and its aldolization product secosterol-B were recently detected in human atherosclerotic tissues and brain specimens, and have been postulated to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined several oxidized cholesterol metabolites including secosterol-A, secosterol-B, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 5β,6β-epoxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol for their effects on the activities of three nitric oxide synthases. In contrast to other oxidized metabolites, secosterol-A was found to be a potent inhibitor against the neuronal- and endothelial-type, but not the inducible-type nitric oxide synthase, with IC50 values of 22 ± 1 and 50 ± 5 µM, respectively. The calmodulin-binding regions of the neuronal- and endothelial-nitric oxide synthases contain lysine residues which are not present in the inducible-type nitric oxide synthase. Secosterol-A modifies proteins through the formation of a Schiff base with the lysine epsilon-amino group. It is possible that secosterol-A modifies lysine residues of constitutive nitric oxide synthases, leading to the inhibition of enzymatic activities. As nitric oxide is a critical signaling molecule in vascular function and in long-term potentiation, its reduced production through inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthases by secosterol-A may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and memory impairment in particular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ling Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Global Center of Excellence Program, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality. The placenta has a crucial role in the development of preeclampsia. Despite intensive researches the cause of disorder is still unknown. Insufficient NO synthesis may have a key role in pathogenesis. Endothelial NO synthesis (eNOS) is the primary isoenzyme expressed in human placenta, its known disturbances are discussed. Deficiency of substrate (arginine), cofactor (tetrahydrobiopterin, BH4) and calcium can decrease the NO synthesis. Serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), asymmetric dimethylarginine, reactive oxygen species and glucose may increase in preeclamptic pregnancy. These substances decrease NO production by different ways. The reduced affinity of eNOS to the cofactor BH4 may lead to insufficient NO, but increased superoxide production in preeclamptic placentas. Polymorphisms of eNOS gene (D298E, -786T→C) were associated with preeclamptic complications (not adequately documented). Data suggest that smoking has protective role against preeclampsia. The mechanism is not clear, even the actions of smoking on eNOS are ambivalent. The expression of eNOS is decreased, while the phosphorylation of the activator Ser1177 and also the deactivator Thr495 are increased by cigarette smoke. The oxidative stress directly decreases NO levels. Smoking lowers serum FFA levels, thus the activity of eNOS may be increased. CO produced during smoking mimics the effect of NO and can compensate its absence partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kukor
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Orvosi Vegytani Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest.
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