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DiPasquale M, Marquardt D. Perceiving the functions of vitamin E through neutron and X-ray scattering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 330:103189. [PMID: 38824717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Take your vitamins, or don't? Vitamin E is one of the few lipophilic vitamins in the human diet and is considered an essential nutrient. Over the years it has proven to be a powerful antioxidant and is commercially used as such, but this association is far from linear in physiology. It is increasingly more likely that vitamin E has multiple legitimate biological roles. Here, we review past and current work using neutron and X-ray scattering to elucidate the influence of vitamin E on key features of model membranes that can translate to the biological function(s) of vitamin E. Although progress is being made, the hundred year-old mystery remains unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Fornal M, Krawczyńska A, Belcarz A. Comparison of the Impact of NaIO 4-Accelerated, Cu 2+/H 2O 2-Accelerated, and Novel Ion-Accelerated Methods of Poly(l-DOPA) Coating on Collagen-Sealed Vascular Prostheses: Strengths and Weaknesses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39044622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Sensitive biomaterials subjected to surface modification require delicate methods to preserve their structures and key properties. These include collagen-sealed polyester vascular prostheses. For their functionalization, coating with polycatecholamines (PCAs) can be used. PCAs change some important biological properties of biomaterials, e.g., hydrophilicity, bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug binding. The coating process can be stimulated by oxidants, organic solvents, or process conditions. However, these factors may change the properties of the PCA layer and the matrix itself. In this work, collagen-sealed vascular grafts were functionalized with a poly(l-DOPA) (PLD) layer using novel seawater-inspired ion combination as an accelerator, compared to the sodium periodate, Cu2+/H2O2 mixture, and accelerator-free reference methods. Then, poly(l-DOPA) was used as the interface for antibiotic binding. The coated prostheses were characterized (SEM, FIB-SEM, FTIR, UV/vis), and their important functional parameters (mechanical, antioxidant, hemolytic, and prothrombotic properties, bioactivity, stability in human blood and simulated body fluid (SBF), antibiotic binding, release, and antibacterial activity) were compared. It was found that although sodium periodate increased the strength and drug-binding capacity of the prosthesis, it also increased the blood hemolysis risk. Cu2+/H2O2 destabilized the mechanical properties of the coating and the graft. The seawater-inspired ion-accelerated method was efficient, stable, and matrix- and human blood-friendly, and it stimulated hydroxyapatite formation on the prosthesis surface. The results lead to the conclusion that selection of the PCA formation accelerator should be based on a careful analysis of the biological properties of medical devices. They also suggest that the ion-accelerated method of PLD coating on medical devices may be highly effective and safer than the oxidant-accelerated coating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fornal
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyńska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Wołoska, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Belcarz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Główka AK, Kowalówka M, Burchardt P, Komosa A, Kruszyna Ł, Andrusiewicz M, Przysławski J, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Selected Psychosocial Factors, Nutritional Behavior, and the Analysis of Concentrations of Selected Vitamins in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1866. [PMID: 38931221 PMCID: PMC11206887 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, influenced by the interaction of factors, including age, sex, genetic conditions, overweight/obesity, hypertension, an abnormal lipid profile, vitamin deficiencies, diabetes, and psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the relationships between psychosocial and nutritional factors in a group of 61 patients with CVD (i.e., atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial infarction) and their possible impact on the course of the disease. The plasma concentrations of vitamins A, E, D, and β-carotene were determined using validated HPLC-MS/MS, while the lipid profile was analyzed enzymatically. Psychosocial factors and nutritional behaviors were assessed using author-designed questionnaires. Over 50% of patients had 25-OH-D3 and retinol deficiencies, while >85% of patients exhibited significant deficiencies in α-tocopherol and β-carotene. The lipid profile showed no specific relationship with any particular CVD. Dietary behavior minimally impacted biochemical parameters except for higher β-carotene concentrations in the group with higher fruit and vegetable intake. The negative impact of the CVD on selected parameters of quality of life was noticed. To increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of CVD, the need for interdisciplinary cooperation observed between doctors, psychologists, and specialists in human nutrition seems to be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krystyna Główka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Józef Struś Hospital, 61-285 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Komosa
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kruszyna
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
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Russo V, Napolitano N, Ascrizzi A, Leonardi S, Pisacane F, Di Micco P, Imbalzano E, Sasso FC, D’Andrea A, Caturano A, Mauriello A. The Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Combination Including Leucoselect Phytosome, Red Yeast Rice, Policosanol and Folic Acid in Dyslipidaemia Patients: Real-World Insights. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:447. [PMID: 38675408 PMCID: PMC11053596 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a global health concern and reducing plasma LDL-C levels is a major goal in cardiovascular prevention. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutraceutical formulation including leucoselect® phytosome®, red yeast rice, policosanol and folic acid on LDL-c levels in patients at low cardiovascular risk with dyslipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled all consecutive patients with dyslipidemia at low cardiovascular risk who were unresponsive to diet and physical activity. Clinical assessments and laboratory analyses, encompassing lipid profile, hepatic function, and CPK levels, were performed at baseline prior to initiating treatment and repeated at the 12-week mark following administration of the study nutraceutical. RESULTS Sixty (60) consecutive patients (mean age 48.02 ± 10.1 years; 60% male) were included. At the 12-week follow-up, a statistically significant reduction in Total Cholesterol (13.1%) and LDL-c serum level (20.4%) was observed. Hepatic and muscular function remain stable over the time. The adherence to therapy was 99% and the persistence was maximum. CONCLUSIONS The nutraceutical formulation including leucoselect® phytosome® red yeast rice, policosanol and folic acid significantly reduced the LDL-c plasma levels, consistent with previous research showing that the bioactive component in red yeast rice-lovastatin-is effective in addressing problems with lipid metabolism. Importantly, it was safe and well-tolerated among patients with dyslipidemia in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.N.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Napolitano
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.N.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Ascrizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.N.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvia Leonardi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Medicine, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria delle Grazie, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Antonello D’Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Alfredo Mauriello
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.N.); (A.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (A.C.)
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Xing Z, Du M, Zhen Y, Chen J, Li D, Liu R, Zheng J. LETMD1, a target of KLF4, hinders endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis: A protective mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110907. [PMID: 37769890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a metabolic disorder, is usually caused by chronic inflammation. LETM1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (LETMD1) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein required for mitochondrial structure. This study aims to evaluate the functional role of LETMD1 in endothelial pathogenesis of AS. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and high-fat diet apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were used to establish in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Recombinant adenovirus vectors were constructed to investigate the role of LETMD1 in AS. mRNA sequencing was used to explore the effect of LETMD1 overexpression on gene expression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. A dual-luciferase reporting assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR were further conducted to verify the relationship between KLF4 and LETMD1. Results showed that LETMD1 was highly expressed in the aortas of atherosclerotic animals. LETMD1 overexpression reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, pyroptosis, ROS production, and NF-κB activation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, whereas LETMD1 knockdown had the opposite impact. LETMD1 overexpression was involved in regulating gene expression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Overexpression of LETMD1 in mice reduced serum lipid levels as well as atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots. Furthermore, LETMD1 overexpression suppressed inflammatory reactions, cell pyroptosis, nuclear p65 protein level, cell apoptosis, and ROS generation in the aortas of AS mice. KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) was found to be the transcriptional regulator of LETMD1. In conclusion, LETMD1, a target of KLF4, hinders endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis, which is a mechanism inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China..
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Caiati C, Stanca A, Lepera ME. Free Radicals and Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation Contrasted by Antioxidants: A New Perspective in Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:712. [PMID: 37367870 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We are surrounded by factors called free radicals (FR), which attach to the molecules our body is made of, first among them the endothelium. Even though FR are to a certain extent a normal factor, nowadays we face an escalating increase in these biologically aggressive molecules. The escalating formation of FR is linked to the increased usage of man-made chemicals for personal care (toothpaste, shampoo, bubble bath, etc.), domestic laundry and dish-washer detergents, and also an ever wider usage of drugs (both prescription and over the counter), especially if they are to be used long-term (years). In addition, tobacco smoking, processed foods, pesticides, various chronic infectious microbes, nutritional deficiencies, lack of sun exposure, and, finally, with a markedly increasing impact, electromagnetic pollution (a terribly destructive factor), can increase the risk of cancer, as well as endothelial dysfunction, owing to the increased production of FR that they cause. All these factors create endothelial damage, but the organism may be able to repair such damage thanks to the intervention of the immune system supported by antioxidants. However, one other factor can perpetuate the state of inflammation, namely obesity and metabolic syndrome with associated hyperinsulinemia. In this review, the role of FR, with a special emphasis on their origin, and of antioxidants, is explored from the perspective of their role in causing atherosclerosis, in particular at the coronary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caiati
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stanca
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Erminio Lepera
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Lyso-DGTS Lipid Derivatives Enhance PON1 Activities and Prevent Oxidation of LDL: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102058. [PMID: 36290781 PMCID: PMC9598486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) plays a role in regulating reverse cholesterol transport and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, vasodilative, and antithrombotic activities. Scientists are currently focused on the modulation of PON1 expression using different pharmacological, nutritional, and lifestyle approaches. We previously isolated a novel active compound from Nannochloropsis microalgae—lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS)—which increased PON1 activity, HDL-cholesterol efflux, and endothelial nitric oxide release. Here, to explore this important lipid moiety’s effect on PON1 activities, we examined the effect of synthesized lipid derivatives and endogenous analogs of lyso-DGTS on PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities and LDL oxidation using structure–activity relationship (SAR) methods. Six lipids significantly elevated recombinant PON1 (rePON1) lactonase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and four lipids significantly increased rePON1 arylesterase activity. Using tryptophan fluorescence-quenching assay and a molecular docking method, lipid–PON1 interactions were characterized. An inverse correlation was obtained between the lactonase activity of PON1 and the docking energy of the lipid–PON1 complex. Furthermore, five of the lipids increased the LDL oxidation lag time and inhibited its propagation. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso-DGTS or lyso-DGTS derivatives through increased PON1 activity and prevention of LDL oxidation.
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Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells—An Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101497. [DOI: 10.3390/life12101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be obtained by extraction from the biomass. The respective extraction techniques determine the composition of substances in the extract and thus its biological activity. In this short review, we provide an overview of the hydrophilic compounds (phenols, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and vitamins) and lipophilic ingredients (chlorophylls, vitamins, fatty acids, and glycolipids) of Arthrospira platensis. The principal influences of these substances on blood and tissue cells are briefly summarized.
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Li W, Jin K, Luo J, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R, Jiao L, Wang T, Yang G. NF-κB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988266. [PMID: 36204587 PMCID: PMC9530249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, in which multiple pathways and their interweaving regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The primary transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in AS via modulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators under various stimuli such as cytokines, microbial antigens, and intracellular stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the disrupted synthesis and secretion of protein, links inflammation, metabolic signals, and other cellular processes via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both NF-κB and ER stress share the intersection regarding their molecular regulation and function and are regarded as critical individual contributors to AS. In this review, we summarize the multiple interactions between NF-κB and ER stress activation, including the UPR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which have been ignored in the pathogenesis of AS. Given the multiple links between NF-κB and ER stress, we speculate that the integrated network contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AS. This review aims to provide an insight into these interactions and their underlying roles in the progression of AS, highlighting potential pharmacological targets against the atherosclerotic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiao,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
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10
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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11
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Juhász I, Ujfalusi S, Seres I, Lőrincz H, Varga VE, Paragh G, Somodi S, Harangi M, Paragh G. Afamin Levels and Their Correlation with Oxidative and Lipid Parameters in Non-diabetic, Obese Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010116. [PMID: 35053264 PMCID: PMC8773538 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Afamin is a liver-produced bioactive protein and features α- and γ-tocopherol binding sites. Afamin levels are elevated in metabolic syndrome and obesity and correlate well with components of metabolic syndrome. Afamin concentrations, correlations between afamin and vitamin E, afamin and lipoprotein subfractions in non-diabetic, obese patients have not been fully examined. Methods: Fifty non-diabetic, morbidly obese patients and thirty-two healthy, normal-weight individuals were involved in our study. The afamin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined with gel electrophoresis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to measure α- and γ tocopherol levels. Results: Afamin concentrations were significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the healthy control (70.4 ± 12.8 vs. 47.6 ± 8.5 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between afamin and fasting glucose, HbA1c, hsCRP, triglyceride, and oxidized LDL level, as well as the amount and ratio of small HDL subfractions. Negative correlations were observed between afamin and mean LDL size, as well as the amount and ratio of large HDL subfractions. After multiple regression analysis, HbA1c levels and small HDL turned out to be independent predictors of afamin. Conclusions: Afamin may be involved in the development of obesity-related oxidative stress via the development of insulin resistance and not by affecting α- and γ-tocopherol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Juhász
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Ujfalusi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Viktória Evelin Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-442-101
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Niki E. Lipid oxidation that is, and is not, inhibited by vitamin E: Consideration about physiological functions of vitamin E. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:1-15. [PMID: 34481937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are oxidized in vivo by multiple oxidizing species with different properties, some by regulated manner to produce physiological mediators, while others by random mechanisms to give detrimental products. Vitamin E plays an important role as a physiologically essential antioxidant to inhibit unregulated lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals to break chain propagation independent of the type of free radicals which induce chain initiation. Kinetic data suggest that vitamin E does not act as an efficient scavenger of nitrogen dioxide radical, carbonate anion radical, and hypochlorite. The analysis of regio- and stereo-isomer distribution of the lipid oxidation products shows that, apart from lipid oxidation by CYP enzymes, the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation is the major pathway of lipid oxidation taking place in humans. Compared with healthy subjects, the levels of racemic and trans,trans-hydro (pero)xyoctadecadienoates, specific biomarker of free radical lipid oxidation, are elevated in the plasma of patients including atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. α-Tocopherol acts as a major antioxidant, while γ-tocopherol scavenges nitrogen dioxide radical, which induces lipid peroxidation, nitration of aromatic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids, and isomerization of cis-fatty acids to trans-fatty acids. It is essential to appreciate that the antioxidant effects of vitamin E depend on the nature of both oxidants and substrates being oxidized. Vitamin E, together with other antioxidants such as vitamin C, contributes to the inhibition of detrimental oxidation of biological molecules and thereby to the maintenance of human health and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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13
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Azzi A. Reflections on a century of vitamin E research: Looking at the past with an eye on the future. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:155-160. [PMID: 34478835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The name vitamin E, was given by Barnett and Sure who suggested that the factor proposed by Evans and Bishop as substance "X," be termed vitamin "E" as the next vitamin after the A, B, C and D vitamins had been already described. The identification of vitamin E with a-tocopherol was made in 1936 by Evans' group. One year later β-tocopherol and 11 years later δ-tocopherol were isolated. Tocotrienol (named zetatocopherol) was first described in 1957 and later isolated in 1961. The antioxidant property of tocopherols was reported by Olcott and Emerson in 1937. Inherited vitamin E deficiency, AVED, characterized by a form of neuromyopathy was first described in 1981. The disease, was localized to chromosome 8q and found to be caused by a mutation of the a-TTP gene. The subsequent paragraphs are not a comprehensive review but only critical reflections on some important aspects of vitamin E research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
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14
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Bioactivities of iridoids and flavonoids present in decoctions from aerial parts of Verbascum betonicifolium. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Negre-Salvayre A, Guerby P, Gayral S, Laffargue M, Salvayre R. Role of reactive oxygen species in atherosclerosis: Lessons from murine genetic models. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:8-22. [PMID: 31669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic and inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, and the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves a number of risk factors and complex events including hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability to low density lipoproteins (LDL) and their sequestration on extracellular matrix in the intima of lesion-prone areas. These events promote LDL modifications, particularly by oxidation, which generates acute and chronic inflammatory responses implicated in atherogenesis and lesion progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (which include both free radical and non-free radical oxygen intermediates), play a key-role at each step of atherogenesis, in endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory events involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesions. Most advanced knowledge supporting the "oxidative theory of atherosclerosis" i.e. the nature and the cellular sources of ROS and antioxidant defences, as well as the mechanisms involved in the redox balance, is based on the use of genetically engineered animals, i.e. transgenic, genetically modified, or altered for systems producing or neutralizing ROS in the vessels. This review summarizes the results obtained from animals genetically manipulated for various sources of ROS or antioxidant defences in the vascular wall, and their relevance (advance or limitation), for understanding the place and role of ROS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Guerby
- Inserm U-1048, Université de Toulouse, France; Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, Hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, France
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16
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Elbeltagy MAF, Elkholy WB, Salman AS. Effect of atherosclerosis and the protective effect of the antioxidant vitamin E on the rabbit cerebellum. Microscopy (Oxf) 2020; 68:369-378. [PMID: 31305899 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular disease and one of the commonest causes of mortality in the world. Speech, balance, fine motor control and cognition are affected by atherosclerosis of cerebellar arteries. This study investigated the protective role of vitamin E against induced atherosclerosis in the rabbit cerebellum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Rex New Zealand adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (10 rabbits each). Group I was designated as the control and received an ordinary diet. Group II received an ordinary diet, but with vitamin E (12 mg/kg/day) added. Group III were given an ordinary diet along with 1% cholesterol powder for 6 weeks. Finally, group IV received an ordinary diet with both 1% cholesterol powder and vitamin E (12 mg/kg/day). Cerebellum samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined using light microscopy, along with quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). RESULTS Cerebellum sections from cholesterol-treated rabbits showed ischaemic changes as fibre density decreased, with vacuolation of the molecular layer, and deformed and shrunken Purkinje cells. A significant increase in caspase-3, GFAP and iNOS immunoreactivity was found. However, vitamin E administration reduced these ischaemic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the neurological protective role of vitamin E therapy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdel Fatah Elbeltagy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Jordan
| | - Wael Badr Elkholy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Said Salman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Jordan
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17
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Wahl L, Tubbs RS. A review of the clinical anatomy of hypertension. Clin Anat 2019; 32:678-681. [PMID: 30873636 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is defined as the persistent elevation of blood pressure above normal limits. It can be classified according to whether the contributing factors are genetics and environmental (primary hypertension) or underlying medical conditions and medications (secondary hypertension). The goal of this review is to increase recognition of the various anatomical etiologies of hypertension. Clin. Anat. 32:678-681, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wahl
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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18
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Hwang IW, Chung SK. Isolation and Identification of Myricitrin, an Antioxidant Flavonoid, from Daebong Persimmon Peel. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:341-346. [PMID: 30675464 PMCID: PMC6342535 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant flavonoid, myricitrin, was isolated and identified from Daebong persimmon peel. The persimmon peel extract was successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activities among the solvent fractions and was further fractionated by silica gel and octadecylsilane column chromatography, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Three antioxidant compounds were finally isolated, and compound 2 was identified as myricitrin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Myricitrin had the strongest antioxidant activities by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and α,α-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays. These results suggested that myricitrin was found as a major antioxidant flavonoid responsible for the strong antioxidant activities of Daebong persimmon peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Shin-Kyo Chung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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19
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Casas R, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Influence of Bioactive Nutrients on the Atherosclerotic Process: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1630. [PMID: 30400153 PMCID: PMC6266892 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of a dietary intervention as a useful tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis disease has gained greater attention in recent years. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the importance of diet in reducing expensive treatments or possible undesirable side effects. The main aim of this review is to examine the effects of specific nutrients on the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of different nutrients. In this sense, results have shown stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques or downregulation of biomarkers related to inflammation through nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol of extra virgin olive oil, lycopen, phytosterols of plants, or flavonols of fruits and vegetables, among others. The accumulated evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects related to these nutrients is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Effect of Natural Food Antioxidants against LDL and DNA Oxidative Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100133. [PMID: 30282925 PMCID: PMC6211048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical oxygen species formed in human tissue cells by many endogenous and exogenous pathways cause extensive oxidative damage which has been linked to various human diseases. This review paper provides an overview of lipid peroxidation and focuses on the free radicals-initiated processes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification and DNA oxidative damage, which are widely associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis, respectively. The article subsequently provides an overview of the recent human trials or even in vitro investigations on the potential of natural antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids; vitamins C and E) to monitor LDL and DNA oxidative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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21
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Varga VE, Lőrincz H, Szentpéteri A, Juhász L, Seres I, Paragh G, Balla J, Paragh G, Harangi M. Changes in serum afamin and vitamin E levels after selective LDL apheresis. J Clin Apher 2018; 33:569-575. [PMID: 30247793 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afamin is a plasma vitamin E-binding glycoprotein partially associated with ApoA1-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. In a previous study, the serum vitamin E decreased after low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis, while vitamin E/cholesterol ratio increased. We aimed to study the effect of LDL apheresis on serum afamin level. METHODS The serum level of afamin and oxidized LDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in six severe heterozygous FH patients before and after their first LDL apheresis treatments and in seven healthy controls. We also investigated the changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoB, ApoA1, HDL subfractions, and α- and γ-tocopherol levels during the treatment. HDL subfractions were detected by an electrophoretic method on polyacrylamide gel (Lipoprint). Serum α- and γ-tocopherol levels were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The first treatment sessions decreased serum afamin levels by an average of 9.4%. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels decreased by 52.6; 61.8; 10.5; and 14.1%, respectively. We found that α- and γ-tocopherol levels markedly decreased (by 34.1 and 32.9%, respectively), while α- tocopherol/cholesterol and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios significantly increased (by 41.4 and 40.3%, respectively). Oxidized LDL levels significantly decreased. There was a shift toward the larger HDL subfractions. CONCLUSION LDL apheresis moderately decreases the circulating levels of afamin parallel to lowering HDL-C and ApoA1 levels. Tocopherol levels decreases markedly compared to afamin levels, however, beneficial changes in vitamin E/cholesterol ratios, oxidized LDL levels and HDL subfraction distribution were detected. These additional effects of LDL apheresis may result in further cardiovascular risk reduction in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória E Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Szentpéteri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Juhász
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - József Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Niki E. Oxidant-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Association with atherosclerosis and implication for antioxidant effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:425-440. [PMID: 29625172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated oxidative modification of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids induced by multiple oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidants with diverse functions exert their roles either directly or indirectly in the physiological defense network to inhibit such deleterious oxidative modification of biological molecules and resulting damage. The efficacy of antioxidants depends on the nature of oxidants. Therefore, it is important to identify the oxidants which are responsible for modification of biological molecules. Some oxidation products produced selectively by specific oxidant enable to identify the responsible oxidants, while other products are produced by several oxidants similarly. In this review article, several oxidant-specific products produced selectively by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen were summarized and their potential role as biomarker is discussed. It is shown that the levels of specific oxidation products including hydroxylinoleate isomers, nitrated and chlorinated products, and oxysterols produced by the above-mentioned oxidants are elevated in the human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that all these oxidants may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Further, it was shown that the reactivities of physiological antioxidants toward the above-mentioned oxidants vary extensively, suggesting that multiple antioxidants effective against these different oxidants are required, since no single antioxidant alone can cope with these multiple oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
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23
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Umeno A, Morita M, Yoshida Y, Naito Y, Niki E. Isomer distribution of hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODE) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) produced in the plasma oxidation mediated by peroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, 15-lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Fritsche S, Wang X, Jung C. Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E99. [PMID: 29194404 PMCID: PMC5745509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols, together with tocotrienols and plastochromanols belong to a group of lipophilic compounds also called tocochromanols or vitamin E. Considered to be one of the most powerful antioxidants, tocochromanols are solely synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and, therefore, are an essential component in the human diet. Tocochromanols potent antioxidative properties are due to their ability to interact with polyunsaturated acyl groups and scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and quench reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. In the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the required genes for tocopherol biosynthesis and functional roles of tocopherols were elucidated in mutant and transgenic plants. Recent research efforts have led to new outcomes for the vitamin E biosynthetic and related pathways, and new possible alternatives for the biofortification of important crops have been suggested. Here, we review 30 years of research on tocopherols in model and crop species, with emphasis on the improvement of vitamin E content using transgenic approaches and classical breeding. We will discuss future prospects to further improve the nutritional value of our food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Fritsche
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Ito M, Kusuhara S, Yokoi W, Sato T, Ishiki H, Miida S, Matsui A, Nakamori K, Nonaka C, Miyazaki K. Streptococcus thermophilus fermented milk reduces serum MDA-LDL and blood pressure in healthy and mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:171-178. [PMID: 28299944 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol in serum, and blood pressure are considered useful risk markers of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine whether a fermented milk containing Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001 (ST), which has high anti-oxidative activity, would benefit healthy and mildly hyper-LDL-cholesterolaemic adults via a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ST-fermented milk or non-fermented placebo milk (PC) was consumed once a day for 12 weeks by 29 and 30 subjects, respectively, with average serum LDL-cholesterol levels of about 140 mg/dl. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol and MDA-LDL and blood pressure were analysed before (baseline) and after consumption. Comparisons of the responses between both groups were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, with the baseline value as the covariate). ANCOVA demonstrated that the ST group had significant reductions in MDA-LDL, MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared with the PC group during the consumption period (P<0.05). Moreover, stratified analysis revealed that there were significant reductions in MDA-LDL, MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, SBP, and DBP in the ST group compared with the PC group during the consumption period in subjects who had above median (65 U/l) levels of oxidative stress marker MDA-LDL at baseline (P<0.05), but not in subjects with levels below the median. These findings suggest that daily consumption of ST-fermented milk may be beneficial in healthy or mildly hyper-LDL cholesterolaemic subjects through reductions in risk marker values of oxidative stress and/or cardiovascular diseases. The benefits were particularly remarkable in subjects who had higher levels of MDA-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - S Kusuhara
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - W Yokoi
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - T Sato
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - H Ishiki
- 2 2Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8660 Japan
| | - S Miida
- 2 2Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8660 Japan
| | - A Matsui
- 2 2Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8660 Japan
| | - K Nakamori
- 2 2Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8660 Japan
| | - C Nonaka
- 2 2Development Department, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8660 Japan
| | - K Miyazaki
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
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Yu S, Wu X, Ferguson M, Simmen RC, Cleves MA, Simmen FA, Fang N. Diets Containing Shiitake Mushroom Reduce Serum Lipids and Serum Lipophilic Antioxidant Capacity in Rats. J Nutr 2016; 146:2491-2496. [PMID: 27798348 PMCID: PMC5118771 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.239806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that dietary intake of shiitake mushroom (SM; Lentinus edodes) decreased serum concentrations of polar lipids in male rats. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the dietary effects of SM on serum cholesterol-related and serum antioxidant indexes in rats of both sexes. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats [38 dams and their offspring (20 males and 20 females/diet)] were fed diets containing 0 (control), 1%, 4%, or 10% (wt:wt) SM powder from gestation day 4 through to postnatal day (PND) 126. Biochemical indexes were monitored during the midgrowth phase (PNDs 50-66). RESULTS The food consumption by offspring fed the control diet and diets supplemented with SM was not different when measured on PND 65. However, the 4% and 10% SM diets resulted in male rats with 7% lower body weights than those of the other 2 groups on PND 66. SM consumption dose-dependently decreased the concentrations of lipidemia-related factors in sera, irrespective of sex. At PND 50, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol in SM-fed male and female rats were generally lower (3-27%) than those in the corresponding control groups. Consumption of the 10% SM diet resulted in significantly decreased (55%) serum triglyceride concentrations relative to the control groups for both sexes. The 10% SM diet elicited a 62% reduction of serum leptin concentrations in females but not in males, and this same diet increased serum insulin (137%) and decreased serum glucose (15%) in males compared with controls. Serum lipophilic antioxidant capacity in males and females fed SM diets was generally lower (31-86%) than that in the control groups. CONCLUSION SM decreased the concentrations of lipidemia-related factors in rat sera irrespective of sex. The SM-elicited reduction of lipophilic antioxidant capacity irrespective of sex may reflect a lower pro-oxidative state and, hence, improved metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanggong Yu
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR
| | - Xianli Wu
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD; and
| | | | | | - Mario A Cleves
- Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Nianbai Fang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR;
- Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Arantes AA, Falé PL, Costa LC, Pacheco R, Ascensão L, Serralheiro ML. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol permeation through Caco-2 cells by caffeoylquinic acids from Vernonia condensata leaves. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vitamin E, Turmeric and Saffron in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040040. [PMID: 27792130 PMCID: PMC5187538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing epidemic and currently there is no cure for the disease. The disease has a detrimental effect on families and will strain the economy and health care systems of countries worldwide. The paper provides a literature review on a few ongoing possible antioxidant therapy treatments for the disease. The paper highlights use of vitamin E, turmeric and saffron for an alternative antioxidant therapy approach. Clinical studies report their therapeutic abilities as protective agents for nerve cells against free radical damage, moderating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reducing neurodegeneration, which are found as key factors in Alzheimer’s. The paper suggests that future research, with more clinical trials focused on more natural approaches and their benefits for AD treatment could be worthwhile.
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Niki E. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: Distress or eustress? Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:19-24. [PMID: 27095209 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not just associated with various pathologies, but that they act as physiological redox signaling messenger with important regulatory functions. It is sometimes stated that "if ROS is a physiological signaling messenger, then removal of ROS by antioxidants such as vitamins E and C may not be good for human health." However, it should be noted that ROS acting as physiological signaling messenger and ROS removed by antioxidants are not the same. The lipid peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol induce adaptive response and enhance defense capacity against subsequent oxidative insults, but it is unlikely that these lipid peroxidation products are physiological signaling messenger produced on purpose. The removal of ROS and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants should be beneficial for human health, although it has to be noted also that they may not be an effective inhibitor of oxidative damage mediated by non-radical oxidants. The term ROS is vague and, as there are many ROS and antioxidants which are different in chemistry, it is imperative to explicitly specify ROS and antioxidant to understand the effects and role of oxidative stress and antioxidants properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan; Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Niki E. Antioxidant capacity of foods for scavenging reactive oxidants and inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation induced by multiple oxidants. Food Funct 2016; 7:2156-68. [PMID: 27090496 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated oxidation of biological molecules induced by multiple oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Consequently, the effects of antioxidants contained in foods, beverages and supplements on the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases have attracted much attention of the public as well as scientists. However, recent human studies have shown inconsistent results and failed to demonstrate the beneficial effects of antioxidants. The mechanisms and dynamics of antioxidant action and assessment of antioxidant capacity have been the subject of extensive studies and arguments. In the present article, the antioxidant capacity has been reviewed focusing on two main issues: the capacity of antioxidants to scavenge multiple reactive oxidants and to inhibit plasma lipid oxidation induced by different biological oxidants. It is emphasized that the capacity of antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxidants does not always correlate linearly with the capacity to inhibit lipid oxidation and that it is necessary to specify the oxidant to assess the efficacy of antioxidants, since multiple oxidants contribute to oxidative damage in vivo and the effects of antioxidants depend on the nature of oxidants. A convenient and rapid method using a microplate reader is discussed for assessing the antioxidant capacity against plasma lipid oxidation induced by multiple oxidants including peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, 15-lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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31
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Sesame fractions and lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:764-73. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncreased plasma lipid profiles are among the most important risk factors of CHD and stroke. Sesame contains considerable amounts of vitamin E, MUFA, fibre and lignans, which are thought to be associated with its plasma lipid-lowering properties. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence and identify the effects of sesame consumption on blood lipid profiles using a meta-analysis of controlled trials. PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched (from 1960 to May 2015). A total of ten controlled trials were identified based on the eligibility criteria. Both the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Rosendal scale were used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The meta-analysis results showed that consumption of sesame did not significantly change the concentrations of total blood cholesterol (−0·32 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·75, 0·11; P=0·14, I2=96 %), LDL-cholesterol (−0·15 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·50, 0·19; P=0·39, I2=96 %) or HDL-cholesterol (0·01 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·00, 0·02; P=0·16, I2=0 %). However, a significant reduction was observed in serum TAG levels (−0·24 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·32, −0·15; P<0·001, I2=84 %) after consumption of sesame. It was concluded that sesame consumption can significantly reduce blood TAG levels but there is insufficient evidence to support its hypocholesterolaemic effects. Further studies are required to determine the potential effect of sesame consumption on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Franchi P, Sapone A, Vornoli A, Della Croce C, Longo V, Lucarini M, Paolini M. Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of vitamin E to rats. Life Sci 2015; 145:166-73. [PMID: 26702769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including vitamin E (VE), and an increased risk for cancer among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, CYP-reductase, CYP-linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and NAD(P)H quinone reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly downregulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linked to CYP induction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Franchi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Vornoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Della Croce
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Curhan SG, Stankovic KM, Eavey RD, Wang M, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1167-75. [PMID: 26354537 PMCID: PMC4625586 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intake of certain vitamins may protect against cochlear damage from vascular compromise and oxidative stress, thereby reducing risk of acquired hearing loss, but data are limited. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the relation between carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate intake and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women. DESIGN This prospective cohort study followed 65,521 women in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1991 to 2009. Baseline and updated information obtained from validated biennial questionnaires was used in Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine independent associations between nutrient intake and self-reported hearing loss. RESULTS After 1,084,598 person-years of follow-up, 12,789 cases of incident hearing loss were reported. After multivariable adjustment, we observed modest but statistically significant inverse associations between higher intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and risk of hearing loss. In comparison with women in the lowest quintile of intake, the multivariable-adjusted RR of hearing loss among women in the highest quintile was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.94; P-trend < 0.001) for β-carotene and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96; P-trend < 0.001) for β-cryptoxanthin. In comparison with women with folate intake 200-399 μg/d, very low folate intake (<200 μg/d) was associated with higher risk (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.41), and higher intake tended to be associated with lower risk (P-trend = 0.04). No significant associations were observed for intakes of other carotenoids or vitamin A. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with higher risk; in comparison with women with intake <75 mg/d, the RR among women with vitamin C intake ≥1000 mg/d (mainly supplemental) was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.42; P-trend = 0.02). There was no significant trend between intake of vitamin E intake and risk. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and folate, whether total or from diet, are associated with lower risk of hearing loss, whereas higher vitamin C intake is associated with higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon G Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Health Science and Technology, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
| | - Roland D Eavey
- Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Molin Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and fatty liver diseases, and consequently the role of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of such diseases has received much attention. In particular, the effects of vitamin E, the most important lipophilic radical-scavenging antioxidant, have been investigated extensively. Many in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies have reported positive results, but large-scale randomized controlled intervention studies and meta-analyses have produced inconsistent and often disappointing results. In the present review article, the role and action of vitamin E are discussed, with consideration of the factors that determine the outcome of vitamin E treatment. Vitamin E should benefit subjects experiencing oxidative stress due to free radicals when administered at the correct time and for an appropriate duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Ikeda, Japan
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence to Etsuo Niki, Ph.D. Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan Tel: +81-3-5313-2555 Fax: +81-3-5313-2555 E-mail:
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35
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Comparative analysis of phytochemical profile, antioxidant activities and foam prevention abilities of whole fruit, pulp and seeds of Emblica officinalis. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Impact of inflammation, gene variants, and cigarette smoking on coronary artery disease risk. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:415-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Lichtenberg D, Pinchuk I. Oxidative stress, the term and the concept. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:441-4. [PMID: 25911322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 30th birthday of a central concept in biomedicine, such as oxidative stress (OS) is a good time for re-evaluation of its contribution to science and particularly to the field of redox biology. In his recent communication, Sies described the history of the concept as well as the benefits and pitfalls of the term OS. In this mini-review, we discuss the problems associated with the still common perception of "bad OS, good antioxidants". Specifically, the term OS is an intuitively understood term originally used to describe an imbalance between pro-oxidative factors and anti-oxidative factors. It has no units, its level is dependent on the way it is measured and there is no correlation between various criteria of OS, which indicates that there are sub-classes (types) of OS (other than the classifications presented by Sies). In spite of these limitations, it is commonly regarded a measure of a person's probability to suffer from oxidative damages and is being held responsible for many diseases and antioxidants are predicted to be good to us. In fact, a "Basal OS" is vital and antioxidants may interfere with the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the oxidative status. We also discuss the linkage of OS to the outcome of antioxidant supplementation and comment on the importance of kinetic studies in evaluation of OS and on the ranking of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Lichtenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Ilya Pinchuk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Pinchuk I, Lichtenberg D. Prolongation of the lag time preceding peroxidation of serum lipids: a measure of antioxidant capacity. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:171-180. [PMID: 25323507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants inhibit oxidation processes and by this affect many biological processes. This, in turn, promotes continuing efforts to synthesize new efficient antioxidants and discover compounds of natural origin capable of preventing peroxidation. Although many assays have been developed to evaluate antioxidants, the search for improved protocols is still actual. The presented protocol is based on the effect of antioxidant on the kinetics of peroxidation of lipids in human blood serum. Specifically, we evaluate the capacity of antioxidant by the relative prolongation of lag phase (delay) of copper-induced peroxidation of lipids in unfractionated serum. The main advantage of the assay is that it implements inhibition of peroxidation in physiologically relevant system. We propose expressing the results of the assay either in terms of the relative prolongation of the lag per 1 μM of antioxidant or as the concentration of antioxidant required to double the lag. To allow for comparing the results with those of other assays, these results may be normalized and expressed in terms of the unitless "TROLOX equivalents."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Pinchuk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69987, Israel,
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Ito M, Oishi K, Yoshida Y, Okumura T, Sato T, Naito E, Yokoi W, Sawada H. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation and aortic fatty lesion formation in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:287-93. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001, a strain of lactic acid bacteria, on the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation and the formation of aortic fatty lesions in hyperlipidemic hamsters. S. thermophilus YIT 2001 had the highest in vitro antioxidative activity against LDL oxidation among the 79 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria tested, which was about twice that of S. thermophilus YIT 2084. The lag time of LDL oxidation in the YIT 2001 feeding group was significantly longer than in controls, but was unchanged in the YIT 2084 group. After the feeding of YIT 2001, lag times were prolonged and areas of aortic fatty lesions were dose-dependently attenuated, although there were no effects on plasma lipid levels. These results suggest that YIT 2001 has the potential to prevent the formation of aortic fatty lesions by inhibiting LDL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ito
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - K. Oishi
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Technologiepark 4, 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Y. Yoshida
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - T. Okumura
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - T. Sato
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - E. Naito
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - W. Yokoi
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - H. Sawada
- Yakult Central Institute, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
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Tang F, Lu M, Zhang S, Mei M, Wang T, Liu P, Wang H. Vitamin E Conditionally Inhibits Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice by Anti-oxidation and Regulation of Vasculature Gene Expressions. Lipids 2014; 49:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Desai CK, Huang J, Lokhandwala A, Fernandez A, Riaz IB, Alpert JS. The role of vitamin supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease events. Clin Cardiol 2014; 37:576-81. [PMID: 24863141 PMCID: PMC6649521 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production, sale, and consumption of multiple vitamins is a multibillion-dollar industry. Most Americans take some form of supplement ostensibly for prevention of cardiovascular disease. It has been claimed that vitamin A retards atherogenesis. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and is thought to possibly decrease free radical-induced endothelial injury, which can lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Vitamin E has been extensively studied for its possible effects on platelet function as well as inhibition of foam-cell formation. Low levels of vitamin D have been thought to negatively impact myocardial structure and increase the risk for cardiovascular events. Increased intake of vitamin B6, B12, and folate has been associated with reduction of homocysteine levels; elevated homocysteine blood levels have been associated with the occurrence of stroke, heart attack, and cardiovascular death. The purpose of this study was to review the currently available literature for vitamin supplementation with respect to prevention of cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, the current evidence suggests no benefit exists with vitamin supplementation in the general US population. Further research is needed to evaluate whether there are specific populations that might benefit from vitamin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag K. Desai
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
| | - Jennifer Huang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
| | - Adil Lokhandwala
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
| | - Aaron Fernandez
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
| | - Irbaz Bin Riaz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
| | - Joseph S. Alpert
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizona
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Zbigniew S, Beata Ż, Kamil J, Roman F, Barbara K, Andrzej D. Antimicrobial and Antiradical Activity of Extracts Obtained from Leaves of Three Species of the GenusPyrus. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:337-43. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sroka Zbigniew
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Żbikowska Beata
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janicki Kamil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Franiczek Roman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzyżanowska Barbara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dryś Andrzej
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Hseu YC, Lee CC, Chen YC, Senthil Kumar K, Chen CS, Tsai CT, Huang HC, Wang HM, Yang HL. Antrodia salmonea in submerged culture exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro and protects human erythrocytes and low-density lipoproteins from oxidative modification. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol isomer from vitamin E against the H2O2 induced toxicity on dental pulp cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:895049. [PMID: 24587995 PMCID: PMC3918697 DOI: 10.1155/2014/895049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of different concentrations of vitamin E alpha-tocopherol (α-T) isomer against the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on dental pulp cells. The cells (MDPC-23) were seeded in 96-well plates for 72 hours, followed by treatment with 1, 3, 5, or 10 mM α-T for 60 minutes. They were then exposed or not to H2O2 for 30 minutes. In positive and negative control groups, the cells were exposed to culture medium with or without H2O2 (0.018%), respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests; α = 5%). Significant reduction of cell viability (58.5%) was observed in positive control compared with the negative control. Cells pretreated with α-T at 1, 3, 5, and 10 mM concentrations and exposed to H2O2 had their viability decreased by 43%, 32%, 25%, and 27.5%, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those observed in the positive control, thereby showing a protective effect of α-T against the H2O2 toxicity. Overall, the vitamin E α-T isomer protected the immortalized MDPC-23 pulp cells against the toxic effects of H2O2. The most effective cell protection was provided by 5 and 10 mM concentrations of α-T.
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Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Meat Sausages with Added Rice Bran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2014; 2014:686298. [PMID: 26904643 PMCID: PMC4745489 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A scientific consensus on the relationship between obesity, obesity related diseases, and diet has emerged. One of the factors is overconsumption of the red meats such as pork and beef. Goat meat has the potential to replace these traditionally consumed meats. Rice bran is a rich source of antioxidants such as vitamin E. In this study, goat meat sausages were formulated to contain 0, 1.5 or 3 percent stabilized rice bran. Proximate and fatty acid composition, α-tocopherol, cholesterol concentration, and antioxidant activities of cooked goat meat sausages containing varying percentages of rice bran were measured. Data were analyzed using a fixed effects model. The fat percentage in the goat meat sausages increased in response to increasing rice bran percentages (P < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.01), while unsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids increased linearly in response to increasing rice bran percentages (P < 0.05). The concentration of α-tocopherol in sausages increased linearly in response to increasing rice bran percentages (P < 0.01). Also, antioxidant activity increased linearly in sausages in response to added rice bran (P < 0.01). The cholesterol concentration of sausages did not vary significantly in response to added rice bran.
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Courraud J, Charnay C, Cristol JP, Berger J, Avallone S. In vitro lipid peroxidation of intestinal bile salt-based nanoemulsions: potential role of antioxidants. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:1076-87. [PMID: 24128050 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.853877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, oxidative stress has been described as a deleterious phenomenon contributing to numerous noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancers. As many authors ascribed the healthy effect of fruit and vegetable consumption mainly to their antioxidant contents, it has been hypothesized that their protection could occur from the gut. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an original and physiological model of nanoemulsions to study lipid peroxidation within the intestine and to assess the properties of potential antioxidants in this setting. Several nanoemulsions were compared in terms of physical characteristics and reactivity to 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation. Formulations included different types of lipids, a detergent (a conjugated bile salt or sodium dodecyl sulfate) and, finally, lipophilic antioxidants. Hemin and myoglobin were also tested as relevant potential oxidants. Fatty acid (FA) peroxidation was monitored by gas chromatography while malondialdehyde and antioxidant contents were measured by HPLC. Investigated nanoemulsions were composed of spherical or cylindrical mixed micelles, the latter being the least resistant to oxidation. In the experimental conditions, AAPH was the only efficient oxidant. Alpha-tocopherol and lutein significantly slowed FA degradation from 4 to 1 μM, respectively. On the contrary, beta-carotene did not show any protective capacity at 4 μM. In conclusion, the tested nanoemulsions were appropriate to assess antioxidant capacity during the intestinal phase of digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Courraud
- IRD; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS, IRD/Montpellier2/Montpellier1 , Montpellier , France
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Ayele Y, Kim JA, Park E, Kim YJ, Retta N, Dessie G, Rhee SK, Koh K, Nam KW, Kim HS. A Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata L. Leaves Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory iNOS Possibly via the Inhibition of NF-κB Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:146-52. [PMID: 24009873 PMCID: PMC3762316 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the total polyphenol content of eight wild edible plants from Ethiopia and their effect on NO production in Raw264.7 cells. Owing to its relatively high polyphenol concentration and inhibition of NO production, the methanol extract of Adansonia digitata L. leaf (MEAD) was subjected to detailed evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antioxidant effects were assessed by measuring free-radical-scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen-radical-absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In the ORAC assay, MEAD was 10.2 times more potent than vitamin C at eliminating peroxyl radicals. In DPPH assay, MEAD also showed a strong ROS scavenging effect. MEAD significantly inhibited iNOS activity (IC50=28.6 μg/ml) of LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. We also investigated the relationship between iNOS expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. MEAD inhibited IκBα degradation and NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells without significant cytotoxic effects, as confirmed by MTT assay. These results suggest that MEAD inhibits anti-inflammatory iNOS expression, which might be related to the elimination of peroxyl radicals and thus the inhibition of IκBα-mediated NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihunie Ayele
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia ; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-646, Republic of Korea
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Metgud R, Patel S. Serum and salivary levels of albumin as diagnostic tools for oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:8-13. [PMID: 23738795 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.793394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxygen free radicals in the initiation, promotion and progression of carcinogenesis and the protective role of antioxidants has been a subject of much speculation. There are few studies that report evaluation of serum albumin and only one study in which salivary albumin was found and only one study that reports of salivary albumin in oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated serum and salivary albumin levels in normal individuals, patients with oral pre-malignancy and patients with oral malignancy, and we compared serum and salivary albumin levels in patients with oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy. Our study comprised 45 subjects separated into three groups of 15: normal healthy, oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy patients. Venous blood was drawn and unstimulated saliva was collected early in the morning. Albumin levels were estimated using the bromocresol green method. Serum albumin levels decreased in oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy cases compared to healthy individuals. Salivary albumin levels increased in oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy cases compared to healthy individuals. Our results suggest that albumin may play a role in early diagnosis and prognosis of oral pre-malignant and oral malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Metgud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Paher University , Udaipur , India
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Portella RDL, Barcelos RP, da Rosa EJF, Ribeiro EE, da Cruz IBM, Suleiman L, Soares FAA. Guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth) effects on LDL oxidation in elderly people: an in vitro and in vivo study. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:12. [PMID: 23391102 PMCID: PMC3599679 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous experimental investigations have suggested that guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth, supplied by EMBRAPA Oriental) consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and has positive effects on lipid metabolism, mainly related to low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. As LDL oxidation is an important initial event in the development of atherosclerosis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to observe the potential effects of guaraná on LDL and serum oxidation. Methods The in vivo protocol was performed using blood samples from 42 healthy elderly subjects who habitually ingested guaraná (GI) or never ingested guaraná (NG). The formation of conjugated dienes (CDs) was analyzed from serum samples. The in vitro protocols were performed using LDL obtained from 3 healthy, non-fasted, normolipidemic voluntary donors who did not habitually ingest guaraná in their diets. The LDL samples were exposed to 5 different guaraná concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/mL). Results GI subjects demonstrated lower LDL oxidation than did NG subjects (reduction of 27%, p < 0.0014), independent of other variables. In the GI group the total polyphenols was positively associated with LDL levels. Also, guaraná demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in vitro, mainly at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg/mL, demonstrated by suppression of CDs and TBARS productions, tryptophan destruction and high TRAP activity. Conclusions Guaraná, similar to other foods rich in caffeine and catechins such as green tea, has some effect on LDL oxidation that could partially explain the protective effects of this food in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Lichtenberg D, Pinchuk I. Atherogenesis, the oxidative LDL modification hypothesis revisited. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.411a2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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