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Vlachou S, Loumé A, Giannopoulou C, Papathanasiou E, Zekeridou A. Investigating the Interplay: Periodontal Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7299. [PMID: 39000406 PMCID: PMC11242877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant challenge to global health, with its prevalence projected to rise dramatically by 2045. This narrative review explores the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis (PD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms derived from the interplay between oral microbiota and the host immune response. A comprehensive search of studies published between 2008 and 2023 was conducted to elucidate the association between these two diseases. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship, with individuals with T1DM exhibiting heightened susceptibility to periodontitis, and vice versa. The review includes recent findings from human clinical studies, revealing variations in oral microbiota composition in T1DM patients, including increases in certain pathogenic species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, along with shifts in microbial diversity and abundance. Molecular mechanisms underlying this association involve oxidative stress and dysregulated host immune responses, mediated by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and MMPs. Furthermore, disruptions in bone turnover markers, such as RANKL and OPG, contribute to periodontal complications in T1DM patients. While preventive measures to manage periodontal complications in T1DM patients may improve overall health outcomes, further research is needed to understand the intricate interactions between oral microbiota, host response, periodontal disease, and systemic health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vlachou
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.V.); (A.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alexandre Loumé
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.V.); (A.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.V.); (A.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Alkisti Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.V.); (A.L.); (C.G.)
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Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, Araújo AC, Guiguer EL, Mondal A, Bachtel G, Bishayee A. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in Health and Disease: A Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:989. [PMID: 36839349 PMCID: PMC9965320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a species belonging to the Arecaceae family, has been cultivated for thousands of years in tropical Central and South America as a multipurpose dietary plant. The recent introduction of açaí fruit and its nutritional and healing qualities to regions outside its origin has rapidly expanded global demand for açaí berry. The health-promoting and disease-preventing properties of this plant are attributed to numerous bioactive phenolic compounds present in the leaf, pulp, fruit, skin, and seeds. The purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical evaluation of the health benefits of açaí and its phytochemicals with a special focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that açaí possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exerts cardioprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, renoprotective, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, and antineoplastic activities. Moreover, clinical trials have suggested that açaí can protect against metabolic stress induced by oxidation, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and physical exertion. Due to its medicinal properties and the absence of undesirable effects, açaí shows a promising future in health promotion and disease prevention, in addition to a vast economic potential in the food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Gabrielle Bachtel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Damage in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101902. [PMID: 36290625 PMCID: PMC9598833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It has been observed that the use of antioxidants may be an additional strategy to nonsurgical periodontal therapy as well as to prevent alveolar bone loss. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of açaí supplementation on experimental periodontitis in rats. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were assigned into control, açaí, experimental periodontitis, and experimental periodontitis with açaí supplementation groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures around the lower first molars. Animals in the açaí groups received 0.01 mL/g of clarified açaí juice for 14 days by intragastric gavage. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected to assess the reduced glutathione (GSH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels. Moreover, hemimandibles were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone loss and bone quality. Açaí supplementation increased blood total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. It also reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the experimental periodontitis group. Moreover, clarified açaí per se modulated the oxidative biochemistry and bone microstructure. Thus, açaí may be considered a viable alternative for managing periodontal oxidative stress and preventing alveolar bone loss.
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Santos DSD, Klauck V, Theisen C, Bordigon B, Farina R, Pereira WAB, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Schogor ALB, Vedovatto M, Palmer EA, Silva ASDA. Addition of açai oil during the close-up dry period of Holstein cows improves colostrum quality and immune responses of their calves. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201592. [PMID: 35830021 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated of the effects of açai oil during the close-up dry period of Holstein cows on colostrum quality, as well as on the immune and antioxidant responses of their calves. Sixteen multiparous cows were assigned randomly to two treatments: 1) CONTROL (n = 8) - 4.48% of soybean oil/concentrate; 2) AÇAI (n =8) - 4.48% of açai oil/concentrate. Cows fed with açai oil had greater (P≤0.04) colostrum concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) G (1st and 2nd milking), IgG heavy chains, IgA (only at 1st milking), alpha-lactalbumin (1st milking), total protein, and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (only at 1st milking). Cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of globulin (only on the day of calving) and total protein (only on the day of calving) (P = 0.03). Calves born of cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of total protein (only 24 and 48 h after calving) and serum concentration of IgG heavy chain (only 24 h after calving) and globulin (only 24 and 48 h after calving) (P = 0.01). These data suggest that the addition of açai oil in the cow feed during the close-up dry period boosted immunity in their calves by altering the composition of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane S Dos Santos
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Klauck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Theisen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Fazendas de Leite, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rua Dirceu Giordani, 696, Jardim Universitário, 89820-000 Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bordigon
- Técnica Agrícola, Escola de Educação Básica Padre Vendelino Seidel, Rua 1° De Maio, 257, Centro, 89899-000, Ipora Do Oeste, SC, Brazil
| | - Renan Farina
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283, Km 17, 89703-720 Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Wanderson A B Pereira
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283, Km 17, 89703-720 Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Faculdade IELUSC, Rua Princesa Isabel, 438, Centro, 89201-270 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza B Schogor
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Ciência Animal, Rodovia Aquidauana, Km 12, Zona Rural, 79200-000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3401 Experiment Station, Ona, FL 33865, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Stress-induced cardiometabolic perturbations, increased oxidative stress and ACE/ACE2 imbalance are improved by endurance training in rats. Life Sci 2022; 305:120758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Figueiredo AM, Cardoso AC, Pereira BLB, Silva RAC, Ripa AFGD, Pinelli TFB, Oliveira BC, Rafacho BPM, Ishikawa LLW, Azevedo PS, Okoshi K, Fernandes AAH, Zornoff LAM, Minicucci MF, Polegato BF, Paiva SAR. Açai supplementation (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats through different mechanistic pathways. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264854. [PMID: 35245316 PMCID: PMC8896726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has a high mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, clinical intervention in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is essential. Açai pulp is a natural product and has been considered a functional food because of its antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of açai pulp supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. After 7 days of surgery, male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: sham animals fed standard chow (SA0, n = 14), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (SA2, n = 12) and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (SA5, n = 14), infarcted animals fed standard chow (IA0, n = 12), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (IA2, n = 12), and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (IA5, n = 12). After 3 months of supplementation, echocardiography and euthanasia were performed. Açai pulp supplementation, after myocardial infarction, improved energy metabolism, attenuated oxidative stress (lower concentration of malondialdehyde, P = 0.023; dose-dependent effect), modulated the inflammatory process (lower concentration of interleukin-10, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect) and decreased the deposit of collagen (lower percentage of interstitial collagen fraction, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect). In conclusion, açai pulp supplementation attenuated cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Also, different doses of açai pulp supplementation have dose-dependent effects on cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Menezes Figueiredo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Carolina Cardoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leticia Buzati Pereira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Aparecida Candido Silva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Camargo Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Schmidt Azevedo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Angelica Henrique Fernandes
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Ferreira Minicucci
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bertha Furlan Polegato
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Alberto Rupp Paiva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira KRHM, Torres MLM, Kauffmann N, de Azevedo Ataíde BJ, de Souza Franco Mendes N, dos Anjos LM, dos Santos Borges R, Bahia CP, Leão LKR, da Conceição Fonseca Passos A, Herculano AM, de Jesus Oliveira Batista E. Euterpe oleracea fruit (Açai)-enriched diet suppresses the development of experimental cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) infection. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 35016657 PMCID: PMC8751313 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria is one of the most severe complications attributed to protozoal infection by Plasmodium falciparum, gaining prominence in children mortality rates in endemic areas. This condition has a complex pathogenesis associated with behavioral, cognitive and motor sequels in humans and current antimalarial therapies have shown little effect in those aspects. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have become a valuable alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of distinct conditions. In this context, this study investigated the neuroprotective effect of Euterpe oleracea (açai) enriched diet during the development of experimental cerebral malaria induced by the inoculation of Swiss albino mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Methods After Plasmodium infection, animals were maintained on a feeding with Euterpe oleracea enriched ration and parameters such as survival curve, parasitemia and body weight were routinely monitored. The present study has also evaluated the effect of açai-enriched diet on the blood-brain barrier leakage, histological alterations and neurocognitive impairments in mice developing cerebral malaria. Results Our results demonstrate that between 7th–19th day post infection the survival rate of the group treated with açai enriched ration was higher when compared with Plasmodium-infected mice in which 100% of mice died until the 11th days post-infection, demonstrating that açai diet has a protective effect on the survival of infected treated animals. The same was observed in the brain vascular extravasation, where Evans blue dye assays showed significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of Plasmodium-infected mice treated with açai enriched ration, demonstrating more preserved blood-brain barrier integrity. Açai-enriched diet also attenuate the histopathological alterations elicited by Plasmodium berghei infection. We also showed a decrease of the neurological impairments arising from the exposure of cerebral parenchyma in the group treated with açai diet, ameliorating motor and neuropsychiatric changes, analyzed through the SHIRPA protocol. Conclusion With these results, we conclude that the treatment with açai enriched ration decreased the mortality of infected animals, as well as protected the blood-brain barrier and the neurocognitive deficits in Plasmodium-infected animals.
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1125-1132. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) supplementation improves oxidative stress biomarkers in liver tissue of dams fed a high-fat diet and increases antioxidant enzymes' gene expression in offspring. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111627. [PMID: 33965728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids excess from an uterine environment can increase free radicals production of and thus induce oxidative status imbalance, a key factor for progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. Food antioxidant components in maternal diet may play an important role in preventing offspring metabolic disorders. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of açaí pulp supplementation on maternal high-fat diet, by assessing activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver. Female Fisher rats were divided into four groups and fed a control diet (C), a high-fat diet (HF), a control diet supplemented with açaí (CA) and a high-fat diet supplemented with açaí (HFA) before mating, during gestation and lactation. The effects of açaí supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes expression were evaluated in dams and male offspring after weaning. HFA diet increased body weight in dams, however reduced absolute and relative liver weight. There was a reduction in liver biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein, as well as in catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. In offspring, HFA diet reduced liver weight and increased Gpx1, Gpx4 and Sod1 mRNA expression. These results suggest that açaí is able to restore redox status, preventing oxidative damage in dams by a direct mechanism and to promote beneficial effects on expression of antioxidant defences related genes in offspring.
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Santos DSD, Klauck V, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Theisen C, Bordignon B, Alba DF, Reis JH, Gebert RR, Vedovatto M, Silva ASDA. Effects of the inclusion of açai oil in diet of prepartum Holstein cows on milk production, somatic cell counts and future lactation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200149. [PMID: 33237142 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the effects of açai oil in the diets of prepartum cows to evaluate health, milk production and quality. Sixteen Holstein cows were divided into two groups: SOY used as control, and AÇAI, test group. Occurred inclusion of 4% soybean or açai oils was provided in the concentrate starting at 20 days prepartum [d -20 to d 0 (partum-day)]. The AÇAI diet increased (P=0.01) milk production (d 10 and 20) and reduced somatic cell count (d 20). In milk, no effects were detected (P≥0.10) for concentration of fat, lactose or protein as well as in terms of serum concentration of calcium, albumin or triglycerides. AÇAI diet tended to increase (P=0.09) serum concentrations of total protein, glutathione transferase (d 4), and total antioxidant capacity (d 4 and 10) and increased (P≤0.05) globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (d 4). Further, AÇAI diet reduced the serum concentration of creatine kinase (P≤0.05) (d 0, 4 and 10), reactive oxygen species (d 0 and 4) and lipoperoxidation (d 0) and tended to reduce aspartate transaminase activity (P=0.07; d 0 and 4). Açai oil in the diets in prepartum cows improved their health as well as milk production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane S Dos Santos
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Klauck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Theisen
- Programa de Graduação em Gestão de Fazendas de Leite, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina/UNOESC, Rua Dirceu Giordani, 696, Jardim Taruma, 89820-000 Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bordignon
- Técnico Agrícola, Padre Vendelino Seidel Primary School, Rua Primeiro de Maio, 257, Centro, 89899-000 Iporã do Oeste, SC, Brazil
| | - Davi F Alba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - JoÃo H Reis
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger R Gebert
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Ciência Animal, Rodovia Aquidauana, Km 12, Zona Rural, 79200-000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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12
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Mitigating the Effects of Oxidative Sperm DNA Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070589. [PMID: 32640607 PMCID: PMC7402125 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA damage is correlated with reduced embryo development and increased miscarriage risk, reducing successful conception. Given its links with oxidative stress, antioxidants have been investigated as a potential treatment, yet results are conflicting. Importantly, individual antioxidants are not identical in composition, and some compounds may be more effective than others. We investigated the use of the polyphenol-rich, high-antioxidant-capacity fruit acai as a treatment for elevated sperm DNA fragmentation (>16%), measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Following ≥ 74 days of treatment, we observed a significant decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation (-17.0% ± 2.5%) to 11.9 ± 1.7% (0-37%), with a 68.6% success rate (defined as post-treatment TUNEL < 16%). Post-treatment decreases in DNA fragmentation and success rates were not significantly impacted by low motility and/or concentration, or exceptionally high (> 25%) TUNEL. Treatment significantly reduced concentration in men with normal semen parameters, but 88% remained normal. Overall, successful treatment was not associated with age, semen parameters or TUNEL result at baseline. However, body mass index was significantly higher in nonresponders at baseline. This study provides evidence of a low-cost, effective treatment for elevated sperm DNA damage using acai.
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Alegre P, Mathias L, Lourenço MA, Santos PPD, Gonçalves A, Fernandes AA, Gaiolla PSA, Minicucci MF, Zornoff L, Paiva SAR, Polegato BF. Euterpe Oleracea Mart. (Açaí) Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Energetic Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:78-86. [PMID: 31751439 PMCID: PMC7025309 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a fruit with high antioxidant capacity and could be an adjuvant strategy to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Objective To evaluate the influence of açaí in global ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. Methods Wistar rats were assigned to 2 groups: Control (C: receiving standard chow; n = 9) and Açaí (A: receiving standard chow supplemented with 5% açaí; n = 10). After six weeks, the animals were subjected to the global ischemia-reperfusion protocol and an isolated heart study to evaluate left ventricular function. Level of significance adopted: 5%. Results There was no difference between the groups in initial body weight, final body weight and daily feed intake. Group A presented lower lipid hydroperoxide myocardial concentration and higher catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase than group C. We also observed increased myocardial activity of b-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, complex I, complex II and ATP synthase in the A group as well as lower activity of the lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase enzymes. The systolic function was similar between the groups, and the A group presented poorer diastolic function than the C group. We did not observe any difference between the groups in relation to myocardial infarction area, total and phosphorylated NF-kB, total and acetylated FOXO1, SIRT1 and Nrf-2 protein expression. Conclusion despite improving energy metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress, açai supplementation did not decrease the infarcted area or improve left ventricular function in the global ischemia-reperfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alegre
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Livia Mathias
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrea Gonçalves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Zornoff
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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14
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Wei C, Wang J, Duan C, Fan H, Liu X. Aqueous Extracts of Se-Enriched Auricularia auricular Exhibits Antioxidant Capacity and Attenuate Liver Damage in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:153-160. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology and Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology and Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuicui Duan
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huimei Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology and Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology and Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Barbosa PO, de Souza MO, Pala D, Freitas RN. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) as an antioxidant. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Argentato PP, Pisani LP, De Rosso VV, Soares GR, Dias Silva MJ, Vilegas W, Ribeiro DA. Polyphenol rich fruit attenuates genomic instability, modulates inflammation and cell cycle progression of offspring from fatty acid intake maternal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:369-374. [PMID: 31791833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation on the maternal trans fatty acids intake in the livers of 21-day-old offspring. In order for this to happen, histopathological analysis, cytogenetic status, inflammation (COX-2 and TNF-alpha) and cell cycle progression were investigated in this setting. On the first day of pregnancy, female rats were distributed into four groups, as follows: control diet (C), control diet with 0.5 % juçara supplementation (CJ), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, rich in TFAs (T), or T diet supplemented with 0.5 % juçara (TJ) during pregnancy and lactation. Juçara pulp induced liver regeneration in newborns exposed to maternal trans fatty acids. A significant decrease in the number of micronucleated hepatocytes was observed in animals exposed to trans fatty acids and treated with juçara. COX-2 and TNF immunoexpression was reduced in animals treated with juçara pulp. Furthermore, a decrease of Ki-67 immunoexpression was detected after treating trans fatty acids intake with juçara. Taken together, our results demonstrate that juçara pulp is able to prevent tissue degeneration and mutagenicity because it decreases inflammation and cell cycle control induced by maternal trans fatty acids in liver cells of rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil
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17
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Vuolo MM, Lima GC, Batista ÂG, Carazin CBB, Cintra DE, Prado MA, Júnior MRM. Passion fruit peel intake decreases inflammatory response and reverts lipid peroxidation and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2019; 76:106-117. [PMID: 32033839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake and its effect against high-fat diet-induced obesity. PEPF is a source of fiber and phenolic compounds, which can decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, both linked to chronic inflammatory response and fat deposition in obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that PEPF intake could decrease inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress observed in obesity, leading to decrease of fatness and chronic inflammatory response. The aims of the study were to evaluate the lipid peroxidation, the expression of antioxidants enzymes, and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) according to the diets: control (based on AIN-93G), high-fat (HF, 35% fat w/w), and HF with PEPF (HFPF), and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. PEPF showed high dietary fiber content and bioactive compounds, such as ferulic acid, and β-carotene. PEPF intake was effective in reducing body weight gain (13.31%) and total body fat (22.58%). The lipid peroxidation in the liver and adipose tissue decreased in the HFPF group compared to HF-fed animals, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity and their expressions in the liver were higher in HFPF than HF. In addition, the PEPF intake decreased inflammatory cytokines in serum. These results suggest that PEPF intake decreases oxidative stress, possibly by the increase of antioxidant enzymes expression. Furthermore, PEPF decreases inflammatory response and protects from adiposity. Then, PEPF could act as an adjuvant to control of early parameters in obesity dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Morandi Vuolo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Nutrition School- Federal University of Goias, 227 st, Qd 68, S/N-Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia-GO, 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ângela Giovana Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões-RS, 98300-000, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Carazin
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, ZIP: 13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Alexandre Prado
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Freitas Castro T, Fátima Gomes S, Cacilda dos Santos Silva F, Pereira de Oliveira FL, Ferreira do Amaral J, Dória Ribeiro de Andrade Previato H, Nascimento de Freitas R, Pinheiro Volp AC. The effect of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) intake on the atherosclerosis inflammatory mediators (sCD40L e CCL5) in apparently healthy women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-11-2018-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of acai pulp consumption on biometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (sCD40L, CCL5, TNF-a and CRP) in apparently healthy women.
Design/methodology/approach
Nutritional intervention was performed with women who consumed 200 g of acai pulp daily during 30 consecutive days. Firstly, they were divided into two groups: normal weight and overweight related to BMI. Then, such volunteers were subdivided into other two groups according to values below or above the median of sCD40L.
Findings
sCD40L (ρg/mL) concentrations increased in overweight volunteers post-consumption of acai (964 ± 542) compared with the same volunteers pre-consumption of acai (633 ± 187, p = 0.03), and the CCL5 concentrations (ρg/mL) decreased in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the treatment (4.1 ± 1.5) when compared in same volunteers before the treatment (5.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.02). Protein consumption (g) reduced in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the intervention (96.6 ± 44.5), when compared before the intervention (96.7 ± 33.8, p = 0.03).
Originality/value
This paper concluded that the acai consumption can modulate the inflammatory profile in both stratified volunteers according to the BMI and the sCD40L marker median.
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19
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Barbosa PO, de Souza MO, Paiva DPD, Silva ME, Lima WG, Bermano G, Freitas RN. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) supplementation in the diet during gestation and lactation attenuates liver steatosis in dams and protects offspring. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1895-1908. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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da S Dos Santos D, Klauck V, Campigotto G, Alba DF, Dos Reis JH, Gebert RR, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Schogor ALB, Santos ID, Wagner R, Vedovatto M, Da Silva AS. Benefits of the inclusion of açai oil in the diet of dairy sheep in heat stress on health and milk production and quality. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:250-258. [PMID: 31466761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of açai (Euterpe oleracea) oil in the diets of lactating sheep under heat stress exerted beneficial effects on health as well as milk production and quality. Eighteen multiparous Lacaune sheep (2 or 3 parities; 28-30 days of lactation; average milk production of 1.7 L/sheep/day) were stratified by parity and milk production and were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments (9 sheep/treatment): diet supplemented with 2% of soybean oil (SOY) or 2% of açai oil (AÇAI) in the concentrate for 14 days. The amount of oil added in the diet was equivalent to 0.65% of the total diet (dry matter basis). Blood and milk samples were collected on days 1, 10 and 14. On day 14, the AÇAI group sheep had lower serum concentrations of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than did the SOY group sheep. On day 14, AÇAI group sheep had lower serum concentration of triglycerides and urea, milk concentration of fat and total solid and milk lipid peroxidation than did SOY group sheep. However, on day 14, AÇAI group sheep had higher serum concentrations of glucose and globulin, serum and milk antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, milk production and productive efficiency than did SOY group sheep. The fatty acids profile in milk did not differ between groups. These data suggest that açai oil improved the antioxidant activity in serum and milk and improved milk production and quality in dairy sheep under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane da S Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Klauck
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Gabriela Campigotto
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Davi F Alba
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - João H Dos Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Roger R Gebert
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza B Schogor
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Ingrid D Santos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil; Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil.
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21
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Kandagatla SK, Uhl RT, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Raner GM. Pheophorbide Derivatives Isolated from Açaí Berries ( Euterpea oleracea) Activate an Antioxidant Response Element In Vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2019; 14. [PMID: 33214801 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19852443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was used to isolate and identify two components of the Brazilian açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with the ability to induce antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene transcription in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Using an ARE-Luciferase reporter construct in cultured HepG2 cells, a suite of fractions from dried and powdered açaí berries were evaluated for transcriptional up-regulation of the luciferase gene. Active fractions were further refined until several pure compounds were isolated and identified. These compounds belong to the pheophorbide class of molecules, and are composed of the methyl and ethyl esters of the parent pheophorbide A, all of which are classified as photosensitizers. Using standard pheophorbides, dose response studies were carried out, and ARE-activation could be observed at concentrations as low as 8.2 μM and 16.9 μM for pheophorbide A methyl ester and pheophorbide A, respectively. These studies not only suggest a possible source of antioxidant properties for the açaí berry, but may also explain the recently identified photosensitizing abilities of açaí products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel K Kandagatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Robin Tate Uhl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Gregory M Raner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515
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22
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de Freitas Carvalho MM, Lage NN, de Souza Paulino AH, Pereira RR, de Almeida LT, da Silva TF, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Lima WG, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML, da Costa Guerra JF. Effects of açai on oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation-related parameters in mice with high fat diet-fed induced NAFLD. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8107. [PMID: 31147590 PMCID: PMC6542795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most predominant liver disease worldwide, is a progressive condition that encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanism is complex and multifactorial, several intracellular events leading to its progression have been identified, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Phenolic compounds, such as those present in açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), are considered promising therapeutic agents due to their possible beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. We tested in vitro effects of aqueous açai extract (AAE) in HepG2 cells and its influence on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in a murine model of high fat diet-induced NAFLD. In vitro AAE exhibited high antioxidant capacity, high potential to inhibit reactive oxygen species production, and no cytotoxicity. In vivo, AAE administration (3 g/kg) for six weeks attenuated liver damage (alanine aminotransferase levels), inflammatory process (number of inflammatory cells and serum TNFα), and oxidative stress, through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins determined by OxyBlot and modulation of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase, SOD and catalase. No change was observed in collagen content indicating an absence of fibrosis, stress-related genes in RE, and protein expression of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. With these results, we provide evidence that açai exhibits hepatoprotective effects and may prevent the progression of liver damage related to NAFLD by targeting pathways involved in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Medeiros de Freitas Carvalho
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Nara Nunes Lage
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice Helena de Souza Paulino
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Trindade de Almeida
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Foods, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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23
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Martins ICVS, Borges NA, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Rogez H, Pinheiro MCN, Nascimento JLM, Mafra D. The value of the Brazilian açai fruit as a therapeutic nutritional strategy for chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2207-2220. [PMID: 29915880 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit from the Amazon region in Brazil contains bioactive compounds such as α-tocopherol, anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glycoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside), and other flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, the prebiotic activity of anthocyanins in modulating the composition of gut microbiota has emerged as an additional mechanism by which anthocyanins exert health-promoting effects. Açai consumption may be a nutritional therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients since these patients present with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis. However, the ability of açai to modulate these conditions has not been studied in CKD, and this review presents recent information about açai and its possible therapeutic effects in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C V S Martins
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil.
| | - Natália A Borges
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Agro-food Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compound, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - José L M Nascimento
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil
- Neuroscience Research, Ceuma University, São Luis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Medical Science Graduate Program, UFF, Niterói, Brazil
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24
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Pala D, Barbosa PO, Silva CT, de Souza MO, Freitas FR, Volp ACP, Maranhão RC, Freitas RND. Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism: A prospective study in women. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Lopes J, Lage N, Guerra J, Silva M, Bonomo L, Paulino A, Regis A, Pedrosa M, Silva M. A preliminary exploration of the potential of Eugenia uvalha Cambess juice intake to counter oxidative stress. Food Res Int 2018; 105:563-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chang SK, Alasalvar C, Shahidi F. Superfruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health effects - A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1580-1604. [PMID: 29360387 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1422111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The term "superfruit" has gained increasing usage and attention recently with the marketing strategy to promote the extraordinary health benefits of some exotic fruits, which may not have worldwide popularity. This has led to many studies with the identification and quantification of various groups of phytochemicals. This contribution discusses phytochemical compositions, antioxidant efficacies, and potential health benefits of the main superfruits such as açai, acerola, camu-camu, goji berry, jaboticaba, jambolão, maqui, noni, and pitanga. Novel product formulations, safety aspects, and future perspectives of these superfruits have also been covered. Research findings from the existing literature published within the last 10 years have been compiled and summarized. These superfruits having numerous phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids, coumarins, hydrolysable tannins, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been utilized. Hence, these superfruits can be considered as a valuable source of functional foods due to the phytochemical compositions and their corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from superfruits are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans with promising health benefits. More well-designed human explorative studies are needed to validate the health benefits of these superfruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Kiat Chang
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Sciences, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- c Department of Biochemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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Neri-Numa IA, Soriano Sancho RA, Pereira APA, Pastore GM. Small Brazilian wild fruits: Nutrients, bioactive compounds, health-promotion properties and commercial interest. Food Res Int 2018; 103:345-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Malvidin and cyanidin derivatives from açai fruit ( Euterpe oleracea Mart. ) counteract UV-A-induced oxidative stress in immortalized fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Khanaki K, Abedinzade M, Gazor R, Norasfard M, Jafari-Shakib R. Effect of Lamium Album on Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/rmm.5.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Jussara ( Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates UCP-1 and inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-fatty acids in the brown adipose tissue of offspring. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Neuroprotective Effects of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) against Rotenone In Vitro Exposure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8940850. [PMID: 27781077 PMCID: PMC5066013 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8940850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), have a very complex pathophysiology. Several current studies describe an association between psychiatric illness and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent cellular modifications, including lipid, protein, and DNA damage, caused by cellular oxidative stress. Euterpe oleracea (açaí) is a powerful antioxidant fruit. Açaí is an Amazonian palm fruit primarily found in the lowlands of the Amazonian rainforest, particularly in the floodplains of the Amazon River. Given this proposed association, this study analyzed the potential in vitro neuropharmacological effect of Euterpe oleracea (açaí) extract in the modulation of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with rotenone to induce mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and before and after we exposed the cells to açaí extract at 5 μg/mL. Treated and untreated cells were then analyzed by spectrophotometric, fluorescent, immunological, and molecular assays. The results showed that açaí extract can potentially increase protein amount and enzyme activity of mitochondrial complex I, mainly through NDUFS7 and NDUFS8 overexpression. Açaí extract was also able to decrease cell reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation. We thus suggest açaí as a potential candidate for drug development and a possible alternative BD therapy.
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Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Upregulates Paraoxonase 1 Gene Expression and Activity with Concomitant Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8379105. [PMID: 27642496 PMCID: PMC5014968 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8379105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a fruit from the Amazon region, has emerged as a promising source of polyphenols. Açai consumption has been increasing owing to ascribed health benefits and antioxidant properties; however, its effects on hepatic injury are limited. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effect of filtered açai pulp on the expression of paraoxonase (PON) isoforms and PON1 activity in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The rats were fed a standard AIN-93M (control) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet containing 25% soy oil and 1% cholesterol with or without açai pulp (2 g/day) for 6 weeks. Our results show that açai pulp prevented low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, increased serum and hepatic PON1 activity, and upregulated the expression of PON1 and ApoA-I in the liver. In HF diet-fed rats, treatment with açai pulp attenuated liver damage, reducing fat infiltration and triglyceride (TG) content. In rats receiving açai, increased serum PON1 activity was correlated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis and hepatic injury. These findings suggest the use of açai as a potential therapy for liver injuries, supporting the idea that dietary antioxidants are a promising approach to enhance the defensive systems against oxidative stress.
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Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp dietary intake improves cellular antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of serum in healthy women. Nutrition 2016; 32:674-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Peixoto H, Roxo M, Krstin S, Röhrig T, Richling E, Wink M. An Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Acai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) Increases Stress Resistance and Retards Aging-Related Markers in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1283-90. [PMID: 26809379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acai fruits (Euterpe precatoria) are rich in antioxidant anthocyanins. Acai consumption is believed to have many health benefits; however, relevant detailed scientific investigations are limited. The current study aimed to investigate an anthocyanin-rich extract from E. precatoria fruits (AE) with regard to its antioxidant and antiaging properties using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. AE can protect the worms against oxidative stress and can ameliorate accumulation of reactive oxygen species in vivo. The expression of stress-response genes, such as sod-3::GFP, was upregulated while hsp-16::GFP was down-regulated after AE treatment. Studies with DAF-16/FOXO mutants indicated that some of the antioxidant effects are mediated by this transcription factor. AE can modulate the development of age-related markers, such as pharyngeal pumping. Despite the apparent antioxidant activity, no lifespan-prolonging effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbenya Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Roxo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krstin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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de Oliveira PRB, da Costa CA, de Bem GF, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, da Conceição EPS, Lisboa PC, Ognibene DT, Sousa PJC, Martins GR, da Silva AJR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Euterpe oleracea Mart.-Derived Polyphenols Protect Mice from Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver by Regulating Hepatic Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Excretion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143721. [PMID: 26630290 PMCID: PMC4668108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE, 300 mg/kg-1d-1) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and its underlying mechanisms based on hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Four groups were studied: C57BL/6 mice that were fed with standard diet (10% fat, Control), 10% fat + ASE (ASE), 60% fat (HF), and 60% fat + ASE (HF + ASE) for 12 weeks. We evaluated the food intake, body weight gain, serum glucose and lipid profile, hepatic cholesterol and triacyglycerol (TG), hepatic expression of pAMPK, lipogenic proteins (SREBP-1c, pACC, ACC, HMG-CoA reductase) and cholesterol excretion transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8. We also evaluated the steatosis in liver sections and oxidative stress. ASE reduced body weight gain, food intake, glucose levels, accumulation of cholesterol and TG in the liver, which was associated with a reduction of hepatic steatosis. The increased expressions of SREBP-1c and HMG-CoA reductase and reduced expressions of pAMPK and pACC/ACC in HF group were antagonized by ASE. The ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters expressions were increased by the extract. The antioxidant effect of ASE was demonstrated in liver of HF mice by restoration of SOD, CAT and GPx activities and reduction of the increased levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation. In conclusion, ASE substantially reduced the obesity and hepatic steatosis induced by HF diet by reducing lipogenesis, increasing cholesterol excretion and improving oxidative stress in the liver, providing a nutritional resource for prevention of obesity-related adiposity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Raquel B. de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A. da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele F. de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. C. Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle B. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R. M. de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ellen Paula S. da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane T. Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto S. de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela C. Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Morais CA, de Rosso VV, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Anthocyanins as inflammatory modulators and the role of the gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 33:1-7. [PMID: 27260462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of consuming fruits that are rich in polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, have been the focus of recent in vitro and in vivo investigations. Thus, greater attention is being directed to the reduction of the inflammatory process associated with the intestinal microbiota and the mechanism underlying these effects because the microbiota has been closely associated with the metabolism of these compounds in the gastrointestinal tract. Further interest lies in the ability of these metabolites to modulate the growth of specific intestinal bacteria. Thus, this review examines studies involving the action of the anthocyanins that are present in many fruits and their effect in the modulating the inflammatory process associated with the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota. The findings of both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest a potential antiinflammatory effect of these compounds, which seem to inhibit activation of the signaling pathway mediated by the transcription factor NFκB. This effect is associated with modulation of a beneficial gut microbiota, particularly an increase in Bifidobacterium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Almeida Morais
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de, São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Vera de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de, São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de, São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de, São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 970] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abreu ICMED, Guerra JFDC, Pereira RR, Silva M, Lima WGD, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. Hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis and alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase in rat livers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:251-9. [PMID: 24863087 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether a hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis, alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and antioxidant defenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fischer rats were divided into two groups of eight animals according to the treatment, control (C) and hypercholesterolemic diet (H). Those in group C were fed a standard diet (AIN-93M), and those of the group H were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol). RESULTS The hypercholesterolemic diet did not affect body weight, but resulted in the accumulation of lipids in the liver, increased serum activities of aminotransferases and cholesterol levels. Biomarker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) were increased in the liver of animals in group H. Besides, the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were altered. CONCLUSION The results show increased mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in diet-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maísa Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Guerra JFDC, Maciel PS, de Abreu ICME, Pereira RR, Silva M, Cardoso LDM, Pinheiro-Sant'Ana HM, Lima WGD, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. Dietary açai attenuates hepatic steatosis via adiponectin-mediated effects on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Sadowska-Krępa E, Kłapcińska B, Podgórski T, Szade B, Tyl K, Hadzik A. Effects of supplementation with acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry-based juice blend on the blood antioxidant defence capacity and lipid profile in junior hurdlers. A pilot study. Biol Sport 2015; 32:161-8. [PMID: 26060341 PMCID: PMC4447763 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1144419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to examine whether regular consumption of an acai berry-based juice blend would affect sprint performance and improve blood antioxidant status and lipid profile in junior athletes. Seven junior hurdlers (17.5±1.2 years) taking part in a pre-season conditioning camp were supplemented once a day, for six weeks, with 100 ml of the juice blend. At the start and the end of the camp the athletes performed a 300-m sprint running test on an outdoor track. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the test and after 1 h of recovery. Blood antioxidant status was evaluated based on activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], glutathione reductase [GR]), concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione [GSH], uric acid), total plasma polyphenols, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as muscle damage markers. In order to evaluate potential health benefits of the acai berry, the post-treatment changes in lipid profile parameters (triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions) were analysed. Six weeks’ consumption of acai berry-based juice blend had no effect on sprint performance, but it led to a marked increase in the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, attenuation of the exercise-induced muscle damage, and a substantial improvement of serum lipid profile. These findings strongly support the view of the health benefits of supplementation with the acai berry-based juice blend, mainly attributed to its high total polyphenol content and the related high in vivo antioxidant and hypocholesterolaemic activities of this supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sadowska-Krępa
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - B Kłapcińska
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - T Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - B Szade
- Department of Individual Sports, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Tyl
- Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Hadzik
- Department of Sport and Tourism Management, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Polyploidy Analysis and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hepatic Tissue of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with an Aqueous Extract of Vochysia rufa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:316017. [PMID: 25763088 PMCID: PMC4339860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/316017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and alterations in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Due to its hypoglycemic effect Vochysia rufa is frequently used in Uberlandia, Brazil, to treat DM. Despite its popularity, there is little information about its effect on hepatic tissue. Therefore, we evaluated the histoarchitecture, oxidative stress parameters, and polyploidy of liver tissue from streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa (AEV). Histology was determined by fixing the livers, processing, and staining with HE. Oxidative stress was determined by evaluating CAT, GPx, and SOD activity in liver homogenates and hepatic mitochondria fraction and by measuring GST, GSH levels and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Polyploidy was determined by subjecting isolated hepatocyte nuclei to flow cytometry. In the diabetic group, GST activity and GSH rates decreased whereas liver homogenate analysis showed that GPx, SOD activity and MDA increased. AEV treatment restored all parameters to normal levels. The oxidative stress analysis of hepatic mitochondria fraction showed similar results. Lower polyploid cell populations were found in the diabetic rat livers, even after glibenclamide treatment. Thus, AEV treatment efficiently reduced hepatic oxidative stress caused by STZ-induced diabetes and produced no morphological changes in the histological analysis.
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Attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by açaí extract preconditioning in a rat model. Life Sci 2015; 123:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Dias MMDS, Martino HSD, Noratto G, Roque-Andrade A, Stringheta PC, Talcott S, Ramos AM, Mertens-Talcott SU. Anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenolics from açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in intestinal myofibroblasts CCD-18Co cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:3249-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This is the first time that the anti-inflammatory activities of açai polyphenols relevant to intestinal inflammation were demonstrated in colon fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuliana Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- Department of Food Science
| | | | | | - Stephen Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Afonso Mota Ramos
- Department of Food Technology
- Federal University of Viçosa
- Viçosa
- Brazil
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Jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates the gene and protein expression of inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-fatty acids in the colon of offspring. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:987927. [PMID: 25276060 PMCID: PMC4170783 DOI: 10.1155/2014/987927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in the perinatal period triggers a proinflammatory state in offspring. Anthocyanins contained in fruit are promising modulators of inflammation. This study investigated the effect of Jussara supplementation in the maternal diet on the proinflammatory state of the colon in offspring exposed to perinatal TFAs. On the first day of pregnancy rats were divided into four groups: control diet (C), control diet with 0.5% Jussara supplementation (CJ), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, rich in TFAs (T), or T diet supplemented with 0.5% Jussara (TJ) during pregnancy and lactation. We showed that Jussara supplementation in maternal diet (CJ and TJ groups) reduced carcass lipid/protein ratios, serum lipids, glucose, IL-6, TNF-α, gene expression of IL-6R, TNF-αR (P < 0.05), TLR-4 (P < 0.01), and increase Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the colon of offspring compared to the T group. The IL-10 (P = 0.035) and IL-10/TNF-α ratio (P < 0.01) was higher in the CJ group than in the T group. The 0.5% Jussara supplementation reverses the adverse effects of perinatal TFAs, improving lipid profiles, glucose levels, body composition, and gut microbiota and reducing low-grade inflammation in the colon of 21-day-old offspring, and could contribute to reducing chronic disease development.
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) modulates oxidative stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans by direct and indirect mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89933. [PMID: 24594796 PMCID: PMC3940722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Despite its claimed pharmacological and nutraceutical value, studies regarding the effects of açaí in vivo are limited. In this study, we use the Caenorhabditis elegans model to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant properties of açaí on an organismal level and to examine its mechanism of action. Supplementation with açaí aqueous extract (AAE) increased both oxidative and osmotic stress resistance independently of any effect on reproduction and development. AAE suppressed bacterial growth, but this antimicrobial property did not influence stress resistance. AAE-increased stress resistance was correlated with reduced ROS production, the prevention of sulfhydryl (SH) level reduction and gcs-1 activation under oxidative stress conditions. Our mechanistic studies indicated that AAE promotes oxidative stress resistance by acting through DAF-16 and the osmotic stress response pathway OSR-1/UNC-43/SEK-1. Finally, AAE increased polyglutamine protein aggregation and decreased proteasome activity. Our findings suggest that natural compounds available in AAE can improve the antioxidant status of a whole organism under certain conditions by direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Iron toxicity mediated by oxidative stress enhances tissue damage in an animal model of diabetes. Biometals 2014; 27:349-61. [PMID: 24549594 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although iron is a first-line pro-oxidant that modulates clinical manifestations of various systemic diseases, including diabetes, the individual tissue damage generated by active oxidant insults has not been demonstrated in current animal models of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in the severity of the tissues injury when iron supplementation is administered in a model of type 1 diabetes. Streptozotocin (Stz)-induced diabetic and non-diabetic Fischer rats were maintained with or without a treatment consisting of iron dextran ip at 0.1 mL day(-1) doses administered for 4 days at intervals of 5 days. After 3 weeks, an extensive increase (p < 0.001) in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils of the diabetic animals on iron overload was observed. Histological analysis revealed that this treatment also resulted in higher (p < 0.05) tissue iron deposits, a higher (p < 0.001) number of inflammatory cells in the pancreas, and apparent cardiac fibrosis, as shown by an increase (p < 0.05) in type III collagen levels, which result in dysfunctional myocardial. Carbonyl protein modification, a marker of oxidative stress, was consistently higher (p < 0.01) in the tissues of the iron-treated rats with diabetes. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between ROS production and iron pancreas stores (r = 0.42, p < 0.04), iron heart stores (r = 0.54, p < 0.04), and change of the carbonyl protein content in pancreas (r = 0.49, p < 0.009), and heart (r = 0.48, p < 0.02). A negative correlation was still found between ROS production and total glutathione content in pancreas (r = -0.50, p < 0.03) and heart (r = -0.45, p < 0.04). In conclusion, our results suggest that amplified toxicity in pancreatic and cardiac tissues in rats with diabetes on iron overload might be attributed to increased oxidative stress.
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Restoration of stressor-induced calcium dysregulation and autophagy inhibition by polyphenol-rich açaí (Euterpe spp.) fruit pulp extracts in rodent brain cells in vitro. Nutrition 2013; 30:853-62. [PMID: 24985004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the brain often causes progressive neuronal degeneration and death that are the focal traits of chronic and acute pathologies, including those involving cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of both Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria açaí fruit pulp on restoring stressor-induced calcium dysregulation, stunted growth of basal dendrites, and autophagy inhibition using embryonic hippocampal and HT22 hippocampal neurons. METHODS Water-soluble whole fruit pulp extracts from two açaí species were applied to rat primary neurons and HT22 hippocampal neurons with varied time and concentrations. Recovery of neurons from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation was measured by live cell imaging using fluorescent microscopy. The effect of açaí fruit pulp extracts on neurons following chemically-induced autophagy inhibition was measured using both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS It has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may depend on a dysregulation in calcium ion (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and a loss of autophagy function in the brain, which affects numerous signaling pathways and alters protein homeostasis. In the present study, polyphenol-rich fruit pulp extracts from two species of açaí, Euterpe precatoria and Euterpe oleracea, when applied to rat hippocampal primary neuronal cells (E18), caused a significant (P < 0.05) recovery of depolarized brain cells from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) influx. Autophagy, a protein homeostasis mechanism in brain, when blocked by known inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin, caused a significant reduction in the growth of primary basal dendrites in rodent primary hippocampal neurons and significant accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in mouse HT22 hippocampal neurons in culture. However, pretreatment with açaí extracts up to 1 mg/mL significantly increased the length of basal dendrites and attenuated the inhibitor-induced autophagy dysfunction. Açaí extracts activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, increased the turnover of autophagosomes and MAP1 B LC3-II, and decreased accumulation of LC3-ubiquitin binding P62/SQSTM1. CONCLUSION Although the polyphenol profile of Euterpe precatoria showed substantially higher concentrations of major flavonoids han Euterpe oleracea, the relative effects were essentially similar for both species. The study adds to growing evidence that supports the putative health effects of açaí fruit species on brain cells.
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Dornas WC, de Lima WG, dos Santos RC, Guerra JFDC, de Souza MO, Silva M, Souza e Silva L, Diniz MF, Silva ME. High dietary salt decreases antioxidant defenses in the liver of fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2016-22. [PMID: 24135554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the hypothesis that a high-salt diet to hyperinsulinemic rats might impair antioxidant defense owing to its involvement in the activation of sodium reabsorption to lead to higher oxidative stress. Rats were fed a standard (CON), a high-salt (HS), or a high-fructose (HF) diet for 10 weeks after which, 50% of the animals belonging to the HF group were switched to a regimen of high-fructose and high-salt diet (HFS) for 10 more weeks, while the other groups were fed with their respective diets. Animals were then euthanized and their blood and liver were examined. Fasting plasma glucose was found to be significantly higher (approximately 50%) in fructose-fed rats than in the control and HS rats, whereas fat liver also differed in these animals, producing steatosis. Feeding fructose-fed rats with the high-salt diet triggered hyperinsulinemia and lowered insulin sensitivity, which led to increased levels of serum sodium compared to the HS group. This resulted in membrane perturbation, which in the presence of steatosis potentially enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation, thereby decreasing the level of antioxidant defenses, as shown by GSH/GSSG ratio (HFS rats, 7.098±2.1 versus CON rats, 13.2±6.1) and superoxide dismutase (HFS rats, 2.1±0.05 versus CON rats, 2.3±0.1%), and catalase (HFS rats, 526.6±88.6 versus CON rats, 745.8±228.7 U/mg ptn) activities. Our results indicate that consumption of a salt-rich diet by insulin-resistant rats may lead to regulation of sodium reabsorption, worsening hepatic lipid peroxidation associated with impaired antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Claudia Dornas
- Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Weber B, Galante AP, Bersch-Ferreira AC, Torreglosa CR, Carvalho VO, Victor EDS, Espírito-Santo JAD, Ross-Fernandes MB, Soares RM, Costa RP, Lara EDS, Buehler AM, Berwanger O. Effects of Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet Program on risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease: a Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet randomized pilot trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1407-14. [PMID: 23295594 PMCID: PMC3521803 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(12)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet Program in reducing blood pressures, fasting glucose levels and body mass indices in patients with established atherothrombotic disease. METHOD This randomized controlled pilot trial included outpatients who were over 45 years of age with atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Group A, who received the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet Program, had weekly sessions with dietitians. Groups B and C received the usual dietary therapy that is given to patients with cardiovascular diseases as proposed by the Brazilian guidelines. This diet had the same nutrient profile as that given to Group A, but it was customized by the integration of typical Mediterranean foods. The difference between Groups B and C was the number of sessions with the dietitian. Group B received weekly sessions, while group C only had monthly sessions. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 01453166. RESULTS There was a greater reduction in systolic (7.8%) and diastolic (10.8%) blood pressures in Group A compared with Group B (2.3% and 7.3%), and Group C (3.9% and 4.9%, respectively). Fasting glucose decreased by 5.3% and 2% in Groups A and B, respectively. Fasting glucose increased by 3.7% in Group C. The BMIs decreased by 3.5% and 3.3% in Groups A and B, respectively. Group C did not present with any changes in BMI. However, none of these data showed statistical differences between the groups, which is methodologically acceptable in pilot trials. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet Program seems to be more effective in reducing blood pressures, fasting glucose levels, weights and BMIs in patients with previous cardiovascular disease compared with the diet that has been proposed by the Brazilian guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardete Weber
- Hospital do Coração (IEP-HCor), Research Institute, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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