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de Paula VF, Tardelli LP, Amaral SL. Dexamethasone-Induced Arterial Stiffening Is Attenuated by Training due to a Better Balance Between Aortic Collagen and Elastin Levels. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:693-703. [PMID: 36795192 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the cardioprotective benefits of exercise training are well known, the effects of training on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness are still unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms induced by training to prevent DEX-induced arterial stiffness. METHODS Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups and submitted to combined training (aerobic and resistance exercises, on alternate days, 60% of maximal capacity, for 74 d) or were kept sedentary: sedentary control rats (SC), DEX-treated sedentary rats (DS), combined training control (CT), and DEX-treated trained rats (DT). During the last 14 d, rats were treated with DEX (50 μg/kg per body weight, per day, s.c.) or saline. RESULTS DEX increased PWV (+44% vs +5% m/s, for DS vs SC, p<0.001) and increased aortic COL 3 protein level (+75%) in DS. In addition, PWV was correlated with COL3 levels (r=0.682, p<0.0001). Aortic elastin and COL1 protein levels remained unchanged. On the other hand, the trained and treated groups showed lower PWV values (-27% m/s, p<0.001) vs DS and lower values of aortic and femoral COL3 compared with DS. CONCLUSION As DEX is widely used in several situations, the clinical relevance of this study is that the maintenance of good physical capacity throughout life can be crucial to alleviate some of its side effects, such as arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius F de Paula
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P Tardelli
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
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Jung WS, Ahn H, Kim SW, Park HY. Effects of 12-week Circuit Exercise Intervention on Blood Pressure, Vascular Function, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese Older Women with Sarcopenia. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:185. [PMID: 39076488 PMCID: PMC11267184 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2505185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates the effects of a 12-week circuit exercise program on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory cytokines in older obese women with sarcopenia. Methods Twenty-eight older obese women with sarcopenia (mean age: 78.2 ± 3.7 years) were randomly divided into an exercise group (EG, n = 14) and a control group (CG, n = 14). The EG participated in a 12-week circuit exercise training regimen, conducted three times weekly, with each session lasting between 45 to 75 minutes (progressively increased over time). The CG was advised to maintain their regular daily routines throughout the intervention period. All dependent variables, including blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammation cytokines, were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Results Positive changes were observed in the EG in body composition (body fat mass; p < 0.001, body fat percentage; p < 0.01, free-fat mass; p < 0.01), blood pressure (heart rate; p < 0.05, rate pressure product; p < 0.01), vascular function (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; p < 0.05, flow-mediated dilation; p < 0.001), and inflammation cytokines (interleukin-6; p < 0.05). In the CG, there was an increase in body fat mass (p < 0.05) and body fat percentage (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in other variables. Conclusions The 12-week circuit exercise program significantly reduced blood pressure, improved vascular function, and decreased inflammatory cytokines in obese older women with sarcopenia. However, individual variations in response highlight the need for personalized exercise regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sang Jung
- Department of Senior Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, 47011 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Ahn
- Department of Senior Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, 47011 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduated School, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bavaresco Gambassi B, Chaves LFC, Sousa TMDS, Ribeiro MJS, Souza TA, Schwingel PA. Short-duration dynamic power training with elastic bands combined with endurance training: a promising approach to hypertension management in older adults. J Hypertens 2024; 42:735-742. [PMID: 38441186 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effects of different combined training programs involving traditional resistance training and aerobic exercise on hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness in older adults. However, little is known about the impact of power training combined with endurance training on these variables in hypertensive older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic power training with elastic bands combined with endurance training on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive older adults. Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to the control group (CG; n = 13) and the intervention group (n = 13). IG participants performed power training with elastic bands combined with endurance training twice a week for 8 weeks. Pulse pressure, central pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, SBP, DBP, central SBP, and central DBP were assessed before and after 8 weeks using the triple pulse wave velocity method. Pulse pressure, central pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, SBP, DBP, central SBP, and central DBP significantly improved after 8 weeks of intervention (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that power training with elastic bands combined with endurance training reduces arterial stiffness and significantly improves hemodynamic parameters in older adults diagnosed with grade 1 hypertension. In addition, underscores the potential of this approach as a promising strategy for the management of hypertension in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi
- Department of Physical Education
- Postgraduate Program in Programs Management and Health Services
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Interuniversity Network for Healthy Aging, Latin America and the Caribbean, Talca, Maule, Chile
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Adriano Schwingel
- Interuniversity Network for Healthy Aging, Latin America and the Caribbean, Talca, Maule, Chile
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4
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Scarfò G, Daniele S, Chelucci E, Rizza A, Fusi J, Freggia G, Costa B, Taliani S, Artini P, Martini C, Franzoni F. Regular exercise delays microvascular endothelial dysfunction by regulating antioxidant capacity and cellular metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17671. [PMID: 37848614 PMCID: PMC10582030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the basis for several unfavorable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this sense, regular physical activity (regular PA) has been proven to delay cellular aging and prevent endothelial dysfunction related to CVDs. Despite numerous studies involving athletes, little is known about cellular and molecular mechanisms of regular PA among master athletes. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of regular PA on local microcirculatory functions in elderly athletes as compared to age-matched sedentary controls. Moreover, molecular/epigenetic mechanisms (nitric oxide, oxidative stress, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and miR29) were also assessed. The results of the present study showed that regular PA significantly increased local blood flow in post-ischemia and post-heating conditions, as well as NO plasma concentrations, denoting a better endothelial function/microcirculatory efficiency. Moreover, athletes presented a greater plasma antioxidant and increased transcriptional levels of the metabolism regulator PGC-1α. Finally, regular PA enhanced plasma level of SIRT1 and miR29, suggested as epigenetic regulators of redox balance and cellular metabolism. In addition, stimulated local blood flow was directly related to plasma antioxidant capacity, and SIRT1 and miR29 levels. Overall, our data confirm the beneficial effects of regular PA on the cardiovascular profile in elderly athletes and shed light on molecular signals involved in the positive adaptations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Rizza
- Interventional Cardiology Division, Gaetano Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 54100, Massa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Freggia
- Cardiology Unit, Gaetano Pasquinucci Heart Hospital, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 54100, Massa, Italy
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Artini
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Miotto DS, Duchatsch F, Dionizio A, Buzalaf MAR, Amaral SL. Physical Training vs. Perindopril Treatment on Arterial Stiffening of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Proteomic Analysis and Possible Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051381. [PMID: 37239052 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. Perindopril and physical exercise are important in controlling hypertension and arterial stiffness, but the mechanisms are unclear. (2) Methods: Thirty-two spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated for eight weeks: SHRC (sedentary); SHRP (sedentary treated with perindopril-3 mg/kg) and SHRT (trained). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis was performed, and the aorta was collected for proteomic analysis. (3) Results: Both treatments determined a similar reduction in PWV (-33% for SHRP and -23% for SHRT) vs. SHRC, as well as in BP. Among the altered proteins, the proteomic analysis identified an upregulation of the EH domain-containing 2 (EHD2) protein in the SHRP group, required for nitric oxide-dependent vessel relaxation. The SHRT group showed downregulation of collagen-1 (COL1). Accordingly, SHRP showed an increase (+69%) in the e-NOS protein level and SHRT showed a lower COL1 protein level (-46%) compared with SHRC. (4) Conclusions: Both perindopril and aerobic training reduced arterial stiffness in SHR; however, the results suggest that the mechanisms can be distinct. While treatment with perindopril increased EHD2, a protein involved in vessel relaxation, aerobic training decreased COL1 protein level, an important protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that normally enhances vessel rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle Siqueira Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lia Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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Wu ZJ, Han C, Wang ZY, Li FH. Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sci Sports 2023; 39:S0765-1597(23)00014-X. [PMID: 36843900 PMCID: PMC9937425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Improved physical fitness is important for preventing COVID-19-related mortality. So, combined training can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and the healthrelated characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the elderly remains unclear. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of combined training on older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until April 2021) for randomized trials comparing the effect of combined training on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. Results Combined training significantly improved peak oxygen consumption compared to no exercise (WMD = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.83 to 3.37). Combined resistance and aerobic training induced favorable changes in physical fitness (timed up-and-go = -1.06, 30-s chair stand = 3.85, sit and reach = 4.43, 6-minute walking test = 39.22, arm curl = 4.60, grip strength = 3.65, 10-m walk = -0.47, maximum walking speed = 0.15, one-leg balance = 2.71), body composition (fat mass = -2.91, body fat% = -2.31, body mass index = -0.87, waist circumference = -2.91), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure = -8.11, diastolic blood pressure = -4.55), and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose = -0.53, HOMA-IR = -0.14, high-density lipoprotein = 2.32, total cholesterol = -5.32) in older individuals. Finally, the optimal exercise prescription was ≥ 30 min/session × 50-80% VO2peak, ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 12 weeks and resistance intensity 70-75% one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions × 3 sets. Conclusions Combined training improved VO2peak and some cardiometabolic risk factors in older populations. The dose-effect relationship varied between different parameters. Exercise prescriptions must be formulated considering individual needs during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Han
- Jiangsu Sports Science Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - F-H Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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7
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Tardelli LP, Duchatsch F, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Pagan LU, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Amaral SL. Benefits of combined exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Front Physiol 2022; 13:916179. [PMID: 36045742 PMCID: PMC9420846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.916179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness is an important side-effect, associated with hypertension and future cardiovascular events, which can be counteracted by exercise training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms induced by combined training to attenuate arterial stiffness and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent combined training for 74 days and were treated with dexamethasone (50 µg/kg s. c.) or saline solution during the last 14 days. Wistar rats were used as controls. Echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), as well as histological analyses of the heart and aorta, carotid and femoral arteries were performed. At the beginning, SHR had higher BP and PWV compared with Wistar rats. After 60 days, while BP increased in sedentary SHR, combined exercise training decreased BP and PWV. After 74d, the higher BP and PWV of sedentary SHR was accompanied by autonomic imbalance to the heart, cardiac remodeling, and higher arterial collagen deposition. DEX treatment did not change these parameters. On the other hand, trained SHR had reduced BP and PWV, which was associated with better autonomic balance to the heart, reduced myocardial collagen deposition, as well as lower arterial collagen deposition. The results of this study suggest that combined training, through the reduction of aortic collagen deposition, is an important strategy to reduce arterial stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and these lower responses were maintained regardless of dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidieli P. Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A. Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando R. Ruiz
- Joint Graduate Program in Animal Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana U. Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sandra L. Amaral,
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8
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Impact of Environmental and Dietary Issues on Male Sexual Health. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-021-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Aminuddin A, Noor Hashim MF, Mohd Zaberi NAS, Zheng Wei L, Ching Chu B, Jamaludin NA, Salamt N, Che Roos NA, Ugusman A. The Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Muscle Indices Among Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Evidence-Based Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:742338. [PMID: 34887771 PMCID: PMC8650579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.742338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the major tissues in the body and is important for performing daily physical activity. Previous studies suggest that vascular dysfunction contributes to reduced skeletal muscle mass. However, the association between vascular dysfunction and muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle flexibility are less established. Therefore, the focus of this review was to investigate the association between arterial stiffness (AS) which is a marker of vascular function, and muscle indices among healthy and those with cardiovascular risk factors. Three databases were used to search for relevant studies. These keywords were used: "arterial stiffness" OR "vascular stiffness" OR "aortic stiffness" OR "pulse wave velocity" OR "carotid femoral pulse wave velocity" OR "pulse wave analysis" AND "muscle" OR "skeletal" OR "flexibility" OR "range of motion" OR "articular" OR "arthrometry" OR "strength" OR "hand strength" OR "pinch strength" OR "mass" OR "lean" OR "body composition." The criteria were; (1) original, full-text articles, (2) articles written in English language, (3) human studies involving healthy adults and/or adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors (4) articles that reported the relationship between AS (measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) and muscle indices (measured as muscle mass, muscle flexibility and muscle strength) after adjusting for relevant confounders. The search identified 2295 articles published between 1971 and June 2021. Only 17 articles fulfilled the criteria. Two studies showed an inverse association between AS and muscle strength in healthy subjects, whereas in subjects with CVD risk factors, five out of seven studies found an inverse correlation between the two parameters. Eleven studies showed an inverse association between AS and muscle mass in subjects with CVD and CVD risk factors. The association between AS and muscle flexibility was not studied in any of the articles reviewed. In conclusion, there is an inverse correlation between muscle indices and AS in healthy adults and those with CVD or CVD risk factors. However, most of the studies were cross-sectional studies, hence the need for future prospective studies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Lee Zheng Wei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Beh Ching Chu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Jamaludin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Norizam Salamt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
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Rey-García J, Townsend RR. Large Artery Stiffness: A Companion to the 2015 AHA Science Statement on Arterial Stiffness. Pulse (Basel) 2021; 9:1-10. [PMID: 34722350 DOI: 10.1159/000518613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large artery stiffness (LAS) has proven to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Nevertheless, the position of current hypertension guidelines regarding the usefulness of assessing LAS differs across different continents. In general, European Guidelines recognize pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of target organ damage but do not recommend its systematic use in general population. Asian guidelines consider PWV as a recommended test at diagnosis of hypertension, in contrast to North American guidelines that do not state any position about its usefulness. However, PWV predicts cardiovascular events, and several studies have shown that it improves risk classification adjusting for established risk factors especially for intermediate-risk patients. Finally, some advances have been made related to treatments affecting LAS. Dietary interventions such as sodium restriction and exercise-based interventions have a modest effect in reducing LAS. Pharmacological interventions, such as statins, or more recent advances with mineralocorticoid blocker seem to have a beneficial effect. Last, controversial effects of renal denervation on LAS have been found. Our goal here is to update the reader on LAS on these areas since the 2015 American Heart Association Scientific Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Rey-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise Effectively Improves Arterial Stiffness in Adults: Evidence From Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738489. [PMID: 34708090 PMCID: PMC8544752 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose: Resistance exercise (RE) is known to improve cardiovascular health, but the role of RE variables on arterial stiffness is inconclusive. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the influence of RE and its intensities on arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) in young and middle-aged adults. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. RE trials that reported PWV data, and compared with respective controls were included. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Data were synthesized from a total of 20 studies, involving 981 participants from control (n = 462) and exercise (n = 519) trials. The test for overall effect (pooled outcome) showed RE intervention had no effect on arterial stiffness (SMD = -0.09; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.13; P = 0.42), but risk of heterogeneity (I 2) was 64%. Meta-regression results revealed a significant correlation (P = 0.042) between RE intensity and PWV changes. Consequently, the trials were subgrouped into high-intensity and low-to-moderate-intensity to identify the effective RE intensity. Subgroup analysis showed that low-to-moderate-intensity significantly decreased PWV (SMD = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.17; P < 0.0001), while high-intensity had no effect (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI: -0.18, 0.67; P = 0.26). When trials separated into young and middle-aged, low-to-moderate-intensity notably decreased PWV in young (SMD = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.77, -0.04; P = 0.03) and middle-aged adults (SMD = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.14; P = 0.0007), whereas high-intensity had no effect in both age groups. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that RE intensity is the key variable in improving arterial stiffness. Low-to-moderate-intensity can prescribe as an effective non-pharmacological strategy to treat cardiovascular complications in young and middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weibing Ye
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Manojlović M, Protić-Gava B, Maksimović N, Šćepanović T, Poček S, Roklicer R, Drid P. Effects of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Training on Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189450. [PMID: 34574374 PMCID: PMC8470196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of combined resistance and aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Only seven studies met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Four studies demonstrated the effects of combined resistance and aerobic training, while three showed the effectiveness of exercise with both training components, aerobic and resistance. In all studies, arterial stiffness was measured by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Participants were middle-aged or older postmenopausal women of various health statuses (hypertensive, with comorbidities or healthy). The results unequivocally show that combined training reduces arterial stiffness. The most important finding of this review paper is that the applied type of exercise decreased baPWV in the range of 0.6–2.1 m/s. Moreover, combined resistance and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, performed three times a week for about 60 min per training session, at a moderate intensity (40–60% HRR or HRmax), may be clinically meaningful to the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, we can say that combined resistance and aerobic training, or exercise with resistance and aerobic components, have important health implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the maintenance or improvement of health in middle-aged and older postmenopausal women with different health conditions.
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13
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Sun T, Xu Y, Xie H, Ma Z, Wang Y. Intelligent Personalized Exercise Prescription Based on an eHealth Promotion System to Improve Health Outcomes of Middle-Aged and Older Adult Community Dwellers: Pretest-Posttest Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28221. [PMID: 34028359 PMCID: PMC8185615 DOI: 10.2196/28221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scientific, personalized, and quantitative exercise prescription that has the potential to be an important therapeutic agent for all ages in the prevention of chronic disease is highly recommended. However, it is often poorly implemented, as clinicians lack the necessary knowledge and skills while participants have low adherence due to design defects (eg, prescriptions fail to take individual willingness, the appeal of exercise, and complex physical conditions into account). Intelligent personalized prescription is thus worth exploring. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a year-long cloud platform-based and intelligent personalized exercise prescription intervention could improve Chinese middle-aged and older adult community dwellers' health outcomes. METHODS A total of 177 participants (aged 52-85 years; mean 67.93, SD 7.05) were recruited from 2 Chinese community health service centers in Anhui Province, China. The exercise intervention was delivered over 12 months with a single-group pretest-posttest design. After being assessed in terms of physical activity, health-related lifestyle, history of chronic diseases and drug use, family history of disease and cardiovascular function, body composition, bone mineral density, and physical fitness through an eHealth promotion system, participants with relative contraindications for exercise were personally prescribed the health care exercise mode by an intelligent system, while those without relative contraindication and who had a regular exercise habit were prescribed the scientific fitness mode. Paired t tests were used for the analysis. RESULTS A total of 97 participants were classified into the health care mode, and the remaining 80 participants were assigned to the scientific fitness mode. Significant changes in heart rate (mean difference [MD] 2.97; 95% CI 1.1-4.84; P=.002), subendocardial viability ratio (MD -0.13; CI: -1.19 to -0.63; P<.001), weight (MD 0.99; CI 0.29-1.69; P=.006), BMI (MD 0.38; CI 0.11-0.64; P=.006), body fat rate (MD 0.88; CI 0.24-1.51; P=.007), fat mass (MD 0.92; CI 0.33-1.53; P=.003), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (MD: -0.72; CI -1.17 to -0.27; P=.002) were observed among participants with the health care mode exercise prescriptions at the 12-month postintervention versus the baseline assessment, while no changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, muscle mass, bone mineral density, t value, z value, balance, or ability were discerned. The results showed a functional decline in the physical fitness of both groups, including in handgrip strength (healthcare mode: MD 4.41; scientific fitness mode: MD 3.11), vital capacity (healthcare mode: MD 261.99; scientific fitness mode: MD 250.78), and agility (healthcare mode MD=-0.35; scientific fitness mode: MD=-0.39) with all P values <.001, except handgrip strength in the scientific fitness mode (P=.002). There were no significant differences in other parameters among participants with scientific fitness mode exercise prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS The observations suggest that our exercise prescription intervention program might promote certain health outcomes in Chinese middle-aged and older adult community dwellers, yet we are unable to recommend such a program given the existing limitations. Future randomized controlled trials with diverse samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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14
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Kwak JH, Choi YH. Sex and body mass index dependent associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulse pressure in middle-aged and older US adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9989. [PMID: 33976245 PMCID: PMC8113426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High pulse pressure (PP) is a valid indicator of arterial stiffness. Many studies have reported that vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with vascular stiffening. This association may differ depending on sex and body mass index (BMI). This study investigated the associations between vitamin D and PP and evaluated whether these associations differ according to sex and BMI, using data for individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as biomarkers of vitamin D levels. High PP was defined as ≥ 60 mmHg. Total 25(OH)D concentrations were dose-dependently associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for high PP (p-trend = 0.01), after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. When stratified by sex, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in females, but not in males. When stratified by BMI, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in non-overweight subjects, but not in overweight subjects. Improving the vitamin D status could delay elevation of PP and vascular stiffening in female and non-overweight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.255588.70000 0004 1798 4296Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13135 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Peultier-Celli L, Lion A, Buatois S, Watfa G, Gueguen R, Benetos A, Perrin PP. Relation of arterial stiffness with postural control in older people. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:871-879. [PMID: 33687696 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arterial stiffness generates vascular alterations that may cause balance disorders and falls. This study aimed to investigate the possible link between arterial stiffness and postural control under different sensorial conditions in patients over 65 years. METHODS Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in 47 participants aged over 65 years to evaluate their arterial stiffness (high PWV). Twenty-seven participants (mean age = 70.52 ± 4.02 years, 22 females) had a normal PWV (< 10 m s-1) and 20 participants (mean age = 75.93 ± 6.11 years; 15 females) had a high PWV (≥ 10 m s-1). Postural control was evaluated using a force platform in four postural conditions: eyes open (EO) 1, eyes closed (EC), eyes open with a dual task (DT) and eyes open again (EO2). Using sway path traveled and surface covered by the center of foot pressure, we calculate the length function of surface (LFS). This ratio provides information about the precision (surface) of postural control and the effort made (length) by the subjects. RESULTS After an age-adjustment, LFS was lower in EO than in EC and DT in both groups (p ≤ 0.001). LFS was higher in participants with high PWV both in eyes open and eyes closed conditions (p < 0.05). LFS increased when PWV increased in EO (p < 0.01) and EC conditions (p < 0.001) but not when a dual task was performed. CONCLUSION Difficulties in maintaining equilibrium under a dual-task condition are more pronounced in people with increased arterial stiffness. These data suggest that understanding of the influence of the arterial stiffness level on specific balance control parameters could contribute to propose better balance-oriented rehabilitation programs in older adults in an attempt to prevent fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Peultier-Celli
- Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, EA 3450 DevAH, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexis Lion
- Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, EA 3450 DevAH, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Fédération Luxembourgeoise des Associations de Sport de Santé, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics Sports Medicine and Science, 1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Séverine Buatois
- Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, EA 3450 DevAH, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ghassan Watfa
- University of Lorraine, Inserm, DCAC, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - René Gueguen
- Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, EA 3450 DevAH, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Athanase Benetos
- University of Lorraine, Inserm, DCAC, 54000, Nancy, France
- University of Lorraine, University Hospital of Nancy, Pôle « Maladie du Vieillissement, Gérontologie et Soins Palliatifs », 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe P Perrin
- Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, EA 3450 DevAH, Développement, Adaptation et Handicap, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Posture, Equilibrium and Motor Function (LAPEM), University Hospital of Nancy, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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16
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Williams JS, Dunford EC, Cheng JL, Moncion K, Valentino SE, Droog CA, Cherubini JM, King TJ, Noguchi KS, Wiley E, Turner JR, Tang A, Al-Khazraji BK, MacDonald MJ. The impact of the 24-h movement spectrum on vascular remodeling in older men and women: a review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1136-H1155. [PMID: 33449851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which are preceded by early, negative remodeling of the vasculature. Low physical activity is a well-established risk factor associated with the incidence and development of disease. However, recent physical activity literature indicates the importance of considering the 24-h movement spectrum. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the impact of the 24-h movement spectrum, specifically physical activity (aerobic and resistance training), sedentary behavior, and sleep, on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in older adults, with a focus on recent evidence (<10 yr) and sex-based considerations. The review identifies that both aerobic training and being physically active (compared with sedentary) are associated with improvements in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and cerebrovascular function. Additionally, there is evidence of sex-based differences in endothelial function: a blunted improvement in aerobic training in postmenopausal women compared with men. While minimal research has been conducted in older adults, resistance training does not appear to influence arterial stiffness. Poor sleep quantity or quality are associated with both impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness. Finally, the review highlights mechanistic pathways involved in the regulation of vascular and cerebrovascular function, specifically the balance between pro- and antiatherogenic factors, which mediate the relationship between the 24-h movement spectrum and vascular outcomes. Finally, this review proposes future research directions: examining the role of duration and intensity of training, combining aerobic and resistance training, and exploration of sex-based differences in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Williams
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily C Dunford
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Moncion
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney E Valentino
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor A Droog
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua M Cherubini
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J King
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth S Noguchi
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Wiley
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua R Turner
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maureen J MacDonald
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Amorim S, Rolnick N, Schoenfeld BJ, Aagaard P. Low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and arterial stiffness in humans: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:498-509. [PMID: 33283322 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction exercise is an emerging type of exercise recognition worldwide. This systematic review evaluated the effects of low-intensity resistance exercise performed with concurrent blood flow restriction (LIRE-BFR) on acute and chronic measures of arterial stiffness in humans. A systematic search in six healthcare science databases and reference lists was conducted. Data selected for primary analysis consisted of post-intervention changes in arterial stiffness markers. This systematic review included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of LIRE-BFR in humans. 156 articles were initially identified, 15 of which met inclusion criteria. Ten studies were excluded because they did not match predefined arterial stiffness markers. Thus, five articles were included in this review: two acute studies (N = 39 individuals, age = 20-30 years old, 30.8% women and 69.2% men) and three longitudinal studies (N = 51 individuals, age = 24-86-years old, 41.2% women and 58.8% men). Acute LIRE-BFR demonstrated both positive and negative effects on arterial stiffness in healthy young people. In contrast, longitudinal studies reported neutral effects in healthy young and older people. In conclusion, LIRE-BFR applied to the upper and lower limbs may acutely induce increases in central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in healthy young people, whereas LIRE-BFR for the lower limbs may elicit positive effects related to indirect markers of arterial stiffness. Moreover, longitudinal LIRE-BFR studies showed no changes in arterial stiffness in young and older people. Hence, LIRE-BFR should be prescribed with a degree of caution to avoid non-intended responses in arterial stiffness markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amorim
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, CUNY, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Per Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Golubev AG. COVID-19: A Challenge to Physiology of Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584248. [PMID: 33343386 PMCID: PMC7745705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.584248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The death toll of the current COVID-19 pandemic is strongly biased toward the elderly. COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) increases with age exponentially, its doubling time being about 7 years, irrespective of countries and epidemic stages. The same age-dependent mortality pattern known as the Gompertz law is featured by the total mortality and its main constituents attributed to cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, and oncological diseases. Among patients dying of COVID-19, most have at least one of these conditions, whereas none is found in most of those who pass it successfully. Thus, gerontology is indispensable in dealing with the pandemic, which becomes a benchmark for validating the gerontological concepts and advances. The two basic alternative gerontological concepts imply that either aging results from the accumulation of stochastic damage, or is programmed. Based on these different grounds, several putative anti-aging drugs have been proposed as adjuvant means for COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment. These proposals are reviewed in the context of attributing the molecular targets of these drugs to the signaling pathways between the sensors of resource availability and the molecular mechanisms that allocate resources to storage, growth and reproduction or to self-maintenance and repair. Each of the drugs appears to reproduce only a part of the physiological responses to reduced resource availability caused by either dietary calories restriction or physical activity promotion, which are the most robust means of mitigating the adverse manifestations of aging. In the pathophysiological terms, the conditions of the endothelium, which worsen as age increases and may be significantly improved by the physical activity, is a common limiting factor for the abilities to withstand both physical stresses and challenges imposed by COVID-19. However, the current anti-epidemic measures promote sedentary indoor lifestyles, at odds with the most efficient behavioral interventions known to decrease the vulnerability to both the severe forms of COVID-19 and the prevalent aging-associated diseases. To achieve a proper balance in public health approaches to COVID-19, gerontologists should be involved in crosstalk between virologists, therapists, epidemiologists, and policy makers. The present publication suggests a conceptual background for that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei G. Golubev
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Pagonas N, Bauer F, Zappe L, Seibert FS, Rohn B, Klimek C, Wirth R, Gotzmann M, Babel N, Westhoff TH. Hemodynamic Effects of a Multidisciplinary Geriatric Rehabilitation Program. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1035-1043. [PMID: 32636618 PMCID: PMC7335293 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s239844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geriatric rehabilitation programs primarily aim at an increase of mobility and functional autonomy of the elderly. The cardiovascular effects of these programs, however, remain elusive. Since regular physical exercise is associated with numerous beneficial cardiovascular effects including a reduction of blood pressure (BP), the present prospective study investigates the hemodynamic effects of a representative standardized rehabilitation program. Methods A total of 74 subjects who were hospitalized in a German university hospital for geriatric rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Peripheral BP, central aortic BP, 24h-ambulatory BP, heart rate and pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness were assessed at admission and before discharge from the hospital. The program contained 4-5 sessions of physical activity of individualized intensity per week (≥30 min/session, eg, walking, cycling, stair rising). Results The mean age of the study population was 82.4±6.9 years; all patients suffered from arterial hypertension (stage 2-3) with a median number of three antihypertensive drugs. The most frequent cause for admission was injurious falls. The mean duration of the rehabilitation program was 17 days and comprised at least 20 physical activity sessions including occupational therapy. The program led to a significant improvement of mobility (Timed Up & Go 29.5±18.5 vs 19.1 ±9.3 s, p<0.001) and Barthel index of activities of daily living score (46.6±19.1 vs 69.8±16.5, p<0.001). Peripheral systolic BP decreased from 135.4±19.0 mmHg at baseline to 129.0±18.4 mmHg at follow-up (p=0.03), whereas peripheral diastolic BP, central aortic BP, 24h-ambulatory BP, heart rate and pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness were not significantly altered (p>0.05 each). Conclusion The present representative standardized geriatric rehabilitation program was able to improve mobility, which showed a mild effect on systolic BP but did not affect 24h-ambulatory BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pagonas
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,University Hospital Brandenburg, Department of Cardiology, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Frederic Bauer
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Zappe
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix S Seibert
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rohn
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane Klimek
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Geriatrics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer Wirth
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Geriatrics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Gotzmann
- University Hospital St Josef Hospital Bochum, Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Ortín EJO, Leal Hernández M, Barceló AO, Caignet NR, Hernández Baño S, Morales Santos MC. [Knowledge in the prescription of Physical Exercise by Primary Care professionals in the Region of Murcia]. Semergen 2020; 47:72-80. [PMID: 32571676 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the Primary Health care professionals prescribe physical exercise (PE) using adequate knowledge criteria. MATERIAL AND METHOD A comparative cross-sectional descriptive and observational study carried out in 32 health centres in the Region of Murcia. A total of 476 doctors and 327 nurses were included. A questionnaire was administered to all of them, in which the variables analysed were: Level of overall and specific knowledge by blocks of pathologies (lipids, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and generalities) on the prescribing of PE to patients with cardiovascular risk, as well as related variables associated with the quality of prescribing PE. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in knowledge were found in the group that recommends heart rate measurement in «30% to 70%» of their patients. Differences in the subgroups were observed in the sections on diabetes (P < 0.05), obesity (P < 0.05), and hypertension (P <0.05). When analysing the knowledge values obtained according to the proportion of patients to whom «very rarely» PE time is specified, significant differences are observed (P <0.05), showing doctors with a higher level of knowledge. The differences were accentuated between both professional groups in the group of respondents who specify time to «less than 30%» of their patients (P <0.01). There are no differences between those professionals who specify time to «more than 31%» of their patients, although the trend shows higher knowledge values among doctors. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of physical exercise among Primary Care professionals is not carried out using adequate knowledge criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ortín Ortín
- Centro de Salud Docente de Ceutí. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB, Murcia, España
| | - M Leal Hernández
- Centro de Salud Docente San Andrés. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB. CESM, Murcia, España.
| | - A Ortín Barceló
- Centro de Salud Docente de Ceutí. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB, Murcia, España
| | - N Rill Caignet
- Centro de Salud Docente de Ceutí. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB, Murcia, España
| | - S Hernández Baño
- Centro de Salud Docente de Ceutí. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB, Murcia, España
| | - M C Morales Santos
- Centro de Salud Docente de Ceutí. Unidad Docente MFyC. IMIB, Murcia, España
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