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Anwer M, Wei MQ. Harnessing the power of probiotic strains in functional foods: nutritive, therapeutic, and next-generation challenges. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2081-2095. [PMID: 39130669 PMCID: PMC11315846 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional foods have become an essential element of the diet in developed nations, due to their health benefits and nutritive values. Such food products are only called functional if they, "In addition to basic nutrition, have valuable effects on one or multiple functions of the human body, thereby enhancing general and physical conditions and/or reducing the risk of disease progression". Functional foods are currently one of the most extensively researched areas in the food and nutrition sciences. They are fortified and improved food products. Presently, probiotics are regarded as the most significant and commonly used functional food product. Diverse probiotic food products and supplements are used according to the evidence that supports their strength, functionality, and recommended dosage. This review provides an overview of the current functional food market, with a particular focus on probiotic microorganisms as pivotal functional ingredients. It offers insights into current research endeavors and outlines potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Anwer
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4215 Australia
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4215 Australia
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2
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Kokila V, Namasivayam SKR, Amutha K, Kumar RR, Bharani RSA, Surya P. Hypocholesterolemic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KAVK1 modulates lipid accumulation on 3T3-L1 adipose cells and high fat diet-induced obese rat model. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:206. [PMID: 38755297 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The significance of microorganisms occurring in foods is predominantly targeted due to their application for identifying a novel range of the bacterial spectrum. Diverse microbial species are capable of exhibiting potential pharmacological activities like antimicrobial and anticancer. Microbial strains capable of reducing obesity-related syndromes have also been reported. In the present study, the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from dairy products was scrutinised by in vitro (3T3-L1 adipose cells) and in vivo (high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar albino rats) methods. Potential cholesterol-lowering isolates were screened using a plate assay method and optimised by physical parameters. Molecular identification of the topmost five cholesterol-lowering isolates was acquired by amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene region. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KAVK1, followed by strains KAVK2, KAVK3, KAVK4, and KAVK5 were molecularly determined. Further, cholesterol-lowering strains degraded the spectral patterns determined by the side chain of a cholesterol molecule. The anti-lipase activity was demonstrated using the porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory method and compared with the reference compound Atorvastatin. Lyophilised strain KAVK1 revealed maximum pancreatic lipase inhibition. Strain KAVK1 attenuated lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipose cell line predicted by Oil Red O staining method. Significant reduction of body weight and change in lipid profile was recognised after the supplement of KAVK1 to obese rats. Histopathological changes in organs were predominantly marked. The result of this study implies that the cholesterol-lowering B. amyloliquefaciens KAVK1 strain was used to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kokila
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Shree Chandraprabhu Jain College, Chennai, 601 203, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 117, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Centre for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - K Amutha
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 117, India
| | - R Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 113, India
| | - R S Arvind Bharani
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madras Medical College, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 008, India
| | - P Surya
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
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Mao A, Chen X, Zhao W, Nan W, Huang Y, Sun Y, Zhang H, Xu C. Bacterial Community Influences the Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Capacity in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1257. [PMID: 38731261 PMCID: PMC11083006 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), the most prevalent probiotic, has demonstrated the ability to improve the relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms and boost immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. This study evaluated body weight, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum indices, and bacterial communities in Chinese rural dogs from a L. acidophilus supplementation group (Lactobacillus acidophilus, n = 6) and a control group (CON, n = 6). The results indicated that L. acidophilus had no significant impact on the body weight and apparent nutrient digestibility of Chinese rural dogs. In comparison with the CON group, L. acidophilus significantly reduced the levels of cholesterol (CHO) and increased the levels of IgA, IFN-α, and T-AOC. Bacterial diversity indices were significantly reduced in the LAC group compared to the CON groups, and MetaStat analysis demonstrated notable distinctions in 14 bacterial genera between the groups. These bacterial genera exhibited correlations with physiological indices such as CHO, IgA, IFN-α, and T-AOC. In conclusion, L. acidophilus can modulate lipid metabolism, immunity, and antioxidant capacity by regulating the relative abundance of specific bacterial communities, which helps dogs to adapt to today's lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (A.M.)
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (A.M.)
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (A.M.)
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yalong Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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Khan S, Ahmad F, Khalid N. Applications of Strain-Specific Probiotics in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systemic Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300675. [PMID: 38549453 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention and management are needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The formulation of effective probiotics, alone or in combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Probiotics have been shown to impact cardiovascular health positively. An imbalance in the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes has been linked to the progression of CVDs due to their impact on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. The probiotics primarily help in the reduction of plasma low-density lipoprotein levels and attenuation of the proinflammatory markers. These beneficial microorganisms contribute to lowering cholesterol levels and produce essential short-chain fatty acids. The impact of lipid-regulating probiotic strains on human health is quite significant. However, only a few have been tested for potential beneficial efficacy, and ambiguity exists regarding strain dosages, interactions with confounding factors, and potential adverse effects. Hence, more comprehensive studies and randomized trials are needed to understand the mechanisms of probiotics on CVDs and to ensure human health. This review assesses the evidence and highlights the roles of strain-specific probiotics in the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nauman Khalid
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates
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Rangel-Torres BE, García-Montoya IA, Rodríguez-Tadeo A, Jiménez-Vega F. The Symbiosis Between Lactobacillus acidophilus and Inulin: Metabolic Benefits in an Obese Murine Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:26-34. [PMID: 36443558 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as having an excess of adipose tissue and is associated with the development of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, which are the main causes of death worldwide. Research shows that probiotics and prebiotics reduce the metabolic alterations caused by high-fat diets. Therefore, this work evaluated the effect of the incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus (probiotic) and inulin (prebiotic) in the diet through obesity markers (biochemical, anthropometric, and molecular markers) in an obese murine model. Four treatments were administered: (1) hypocaloric diet (HD), (2) HD + L. acidophilus, (3) HD + inulin, and (4) DH supplemented with L. acidophilus + inulin for 8 weeks. After treatment, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in plasma were determined. In addition, the total body weight and adipose tissue were taken to calculate the body mass index. Following RNA extraction from adipose tissue, the expression of PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF1β) was evaluated by semiquantitative PCR. All treatments showed an improvement in biochemical markers compared to the values of the obese model (p < 0.05). Optimal values for blood glucose (133.2 ± 14.3 mg/dL), triglycerides (71 ± 4.6 mg/dL), total cholesterol (48.9 ± 6 mg/dL), HDL-C (40.9 ± 4.8 mg/dL), and LDL-C (8.4 ± 1.7 mg/dL) were obtained in the mixed treatment. Regarding fat mass index (FMI), prebiotic treatment caused the greatest reduction. On the other hand, mixed treatment increased the gene expression of PPARα and TGF1β in adipose tissue with DH with L. acidophilus and inulin treatment. This work demonstrates that the use of L. acidophilus and inulin as a complementary treatment is a viable alternative for prevention and action as a complementary treatment for obesity given the reduction in biochemical parameters and anthropometric indices; these reductions were greater than those found in the classic treatment of obesity due to the induction of the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to reducing the high levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Eduardo Rangel-Torres
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Isui Abril García-Montoya
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Florinda Jiménez-Vega
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
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Farooq R, Mgomi FC, Saeed F, Ahmad A, Asghar A, Riaz S, Ateeq H, Shah YA, Khan MR, Li Y, Afzaal M. Characterization and valorization of soybean residue (okara) for the development of synbiotic ice cream. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6571-6581. [PMID: 37823143 PMCID: PMC10563748 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing challenge in probiotic viability and stability during food product formulation, processing, and storage. However, synbiotic functional foods have promising potential to deliver the targeted benefits. This study aimed to isolate the okara from soybean residue, and obtained okara flour was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Synbiotic ice cream was developed by fortification with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and okara at different concentrations (1-3%). Additionally, the synbiotic ice cream was subjected to physicochemical and sensory attributes over 60 days of storage. High viability of L. rhamnosus GG (8.17 log CFU/mL) was observed during storage at 3% okara. Moreover, adding okara at 2% or higher improved viscosity, reduced overrun, and maintained probiotic viability. When compared to the control (ice cream without okara), synbiotic ice cream exhibited a higher protein content and a lower fat level. The synergistic combination of probiotics and okara in ice cream is a potentially novel approach for developing functional ice cream. The addition of okara is not only helpful in increasing the nutritional value of the ice cream but will also be a way forward to minimize agricultural waste. Synbiotic ice cream developed in this study may be considered a potential functional food rich in protein and low in fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Farooq
- School of Food Science and EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Fedrick C. Mgomi
- School of Food Science and EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sakhawat Riaz
- Department of Home EconomicsGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
| | - Yi Li
- School of Food Science and EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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Jin H, Park SK, Yun YG, Song NE, Baik SH. Isolation of Latilactobacillus curvatus with Enhanced Nitric Oxide Synthesis from Korean Traditional Fermented Food and Investigation of Its Probiotic Properties. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2285. [PMID: 37764128 PMCID: PMC10536857 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical associated with physiological functions such as blood pressure regulation, cardiovascular health, mitochondrial production, calcium transport, oxidative stress, and skeletal muscle repair. This study aimed to isolate Latilactobacillus curvatus strains with enhanced NO production from the traditional Korean fermented food, jangajji, and evaluate their probiotic properties for industrial purposes. When cells were co-cultured with various bacterial stimulants, NO production generally increased, and NO synthesis was observed in the range of 20-40 mg/mL. The selected strains of Lat. curvatus were resistant to acid and bile conditions and with variable effectiveness (1-14%) in adhering to Caco-2 cells. Most bacterial strains can inhibit the growth of various pathogens. In addition, they are capable of reducing cholesterol levels via assimilation of cholesterol at 10-50%. Among the selected NO synthases from Lat. curvatus strains, the strain JBCC38 showed the highest capacity to scavenge ABTS (30.1%) and DPPH radicals (39.4%). Moreover, these strains exhibited immunomodulatory properties. The production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the macrophages treated with various bacterial stimulants was induced in all the selected strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sang-Ho Baik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (H.J.); (S.-K.P.); (Y.-G.Y.); (N.-E.S.)
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Ziarno M, Zaręba D, Ścibisz I, Kozłowska M. Exploring the Cholesterol-Modifying Abilities of Lactobacilli Cells in Digestive Models and Dairy Products. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1478. [PMID: 37374980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria to remove cholesterol in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The findings showed that the amount of cholesterol removed was dependent on the biomass, viability, and bacterial strain. Some cholesterol binding was stable and not released during gastrointestinal transit. The presence of cholesterol affected the fatty acid profile of bacterial cells, potentially influencing their metabolism and functioning. However, adding cholesterol did not significantly impact the survival of lactic acid bacteria during gastrointestinal transit. Storage time, passage, and bacterial culture type did not show significant effects on cholesterol content in fermented dairy products. Variations in cell survival were observed among lactic acid bacteria strains in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, depending on the environment. Higher milk protein content was found to be more protective for bacterial cells during gastrointestinal transit than fat content. Future research should aim to better understand the impact of cholesterol on lactic acid bacteria metabolism and identify potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ziarno
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Zaręba
- Professor E. Pijanowski Catering School Complex in Warsaw, 04-110 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Ścibisz
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Kozłowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Sun NY, Chen S, Li Y. Lactobacillus paracasei L9 ameliorated obesity-associated metabolic parameters and relevant gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2023; 115:26-37. [PMID: 37244006 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) supplementation prevents diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then supplemented with or without L9 for another 12 weeks. Weight gain, white adipose tissue weight, plasma lipid levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with those in the control group and were decreased by L9 treatment. The fat deposits in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue were increased in the HFD group compared with the normal chow diet group and decreased by L9 treatment. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that L9 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid synthesis-related genes in epididymal adipose tissue. This study used Illumina Miseq sequencing to explore alterations of the gut microbiome. L9 ameliorated HFD-induced structural dysbiosis and gut bacteria that were positively related with obesity phenotypes were obviously decreased. Altogether, the findings indicate that administration of L9 ameliorates HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in liver and inflammation associated with intestinal dysbiosis in obese mice. These findings suggest that L9 supplementation may provide a natural alternative to attenuate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ya Sun
- China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Shanbin Chen
- China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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Aziz M, Hemeda SA, Albadrani GM, Fadl SE, Elgendey F. Ameliorating effect of probiotic on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lipolytic gene expression in rabbits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6312. [PMID: 37072469 PMCID: PMC10113232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that affects about 24% of people worldwide. Increased liver fat, inflammation, and, in the most severe cases, cell death are all characteristics of NAFLD. However, NAFLD pathogenesis and therapy are still not clear enough. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) inducing NAFLD on lipolytic gene expression, liver function, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzymes in rabbits and the modulatory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on it. A total of 45 male New Zealand white rabbits, eight weeks old, were randomly divided into three groups of three replicates (5 rabbits/replicate). Rabbits in group I were given a basal diet; rabbits in group II were given a high-cholesterol diet that caused NAFLD; and rabbits in group III were given a high-cholesterol diet as well as probiotics in water for 8 weeks. The results showed that a high-cholesterol diet caused hepatic vacuolation and upregulated the genes for lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Downregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) gene, increased liver enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and total bilirubin. On the other hand, it decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, albumin, and liver antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. Supplementing with probiotics helped to return all parameters to normal levels. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation, especially L. acidophilus, protected against NAFLD, and restored lipolytic gene expression, liver functions, and antioxidants to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aziz
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Shabaan A Hemeda
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Elgendey
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
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11
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Gao H, Li X, Chen X, Hai D, Wei C, Zhang L, Li P. The Functional Roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Different Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1226-1233. [PMID: 36196014 PMCID: PMC9668099 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed by humans in amounts sufficient to offer health-promoting effects. Owing to their various biological functions, probiotics are widely used in biological engineering, industry and agriculture, food safety, and the life and health fields. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), an important human intestinal probiotic, was originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract and its functions have been widely studied ever since it was named in 1900. L. acidophilus has been found to play important roles in many aspects of human health. Due to its good resistance against acid and bile salts, it has broad application prospects in functional, edible probiotic preparations. In this review, we explore the basic characteristics and biological functions of L. acidophilus based on the research progress made thus far worldwide. Various problems to be solved regarding the applications of probiotic products and their future development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xiatian Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Deng Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB243UE, UK
| | - Chuang Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China,Corresponding authors L. Zhang Phone +86 18660263885 E-mail:
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China,
P. Li E-mail:
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12
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Sun Y, Chen S, Ren F, Li Y. Lactobacillus paracaseiN1115 attenuates obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:418-427. [PMID: 36655072 PMCID: PMC9834814 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbial structure of intestinal bacteria due to a high-fat diet (HFD) is closely associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Probiotics are known to modulate the gut microbiota; therefore, we demonstrated the capability of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LC-N1115) to attenuate obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity and were then randomized to supplemented placebo or LC-N1115 treatment group for another 12 weeks. LC-N1115 treatment reduced weight gain and liver fat accumulation as well as triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The administration of LC-N1115 suppressed the expression of fatty acid synthase, interleukin-1 β, and toll-like receptor 4. Notably, the operational taxonomic units that negatively and positively correlated with the obesity phenotypes were enriched and reduced, respectively, in the LC-N1115 treatment group. These results indicate that LC-N1115 attenuates obesity by modulating the gut microbiota and the expression of lipid synthesis and proinflammatory cytokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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13
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Yang Z, Zhu X, Wen A, Ran J, Qin L, Zhu Y. Coix Seed-Based Milk Fermented With Limosilactobacillus reuteri Improves Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed With a High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921255. [PMID: 35903451 PMCID: PMC9320324 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coix seed-based milk (CSM) fermented with Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on dyslipidemia and the composition of the intestinal microbiota in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Changes in the body weight, serum lipid levels, activities of hepatic oxidative stress factors, expression of lipid-related genes, and composition of the intestinal microbiota of HFD-fed mice after supplementation with CSM were determined. The results showed that intake of CSM reduced the body weight gain as well as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the mice. Meanwhile, supplementation with CSM could relieve liver oxidative stress, down-regulate the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, and prevent liver fat accumulation in mice fed with HFD. The 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota showed that CSM regulated the gut microbiota community structure at different taxonomic levels, and reversed gut dysbiosis induced by HFD. The relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Dubosiella and Akkermansia which are negatively correlated with blood lipid levels were significantly increased by the intervention of CSM, while the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Ruminococca-ceae_UCG-014, Psychrobacter, and Staphylococcus which have positive correlation with blood lipid levels were significantly decreased. These results indicated that CSM might serve as a novel and promising dietary supplement for ameliorating hyperlipidemia and intestinal microbiota disorders caused by HFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Anyan Wen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingqi Ran
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Likang Qin
| | - Yi Zhu
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
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14
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Li Y, Yu Y, Wu X, Liu B, Ma H, Zhao X, Cao S, Ding S, Li T, Wang X, Wang P, Xu X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Lan C, Wang J, Chen L, Zeng Q. A specially designed yogurt supplemented with a combination of pro- and prebiotics relieve constipation in mice and humans. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Textural and Functional Properties of Skimmed and Whole Milk Fermented by Novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AG10 Strain Isolated from Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria both enhances its nutritional value and provides probiotic strains to correct the intestinal microflora. Here, we show the comparative analysis of milk fermented with the new strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AG10, isolated from silage and the industrial strain Lactobacillus delbrukii subs. bulgaricus. While the milk acidification during fermentation with L. plantarum AG10 was lower compared with L. bulgaricus, milk fermented with L. plantarum AG10 after a 14-day storage period retained a high level of viable cells and was characterized by an increased content of exopolysaccharides and higher viscosity. The increased EPS production led to clot formation with higher density on microphotographs and increased firmness and cohesiveness of the product compared with L. bulgaricus-fermented milk. Furthermore, the L. plantarum AG10-fermented milk exhibited increased radical-scavenging activity assuming lower fat oxidation during storage. Taken together, these data suggest that L. plantarum AG10 seems to be a promising starter culture for dairy products with lowered levels of lactic acid, which is important for people with increased gastric acid formation.
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16
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Amirani E, Zatollah Asemi, Taghizadeh M. The effects of selenium plus probiotics supplementation on glycemic status and serum lipoproteins in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Hanafi F, Kamaruding N, Shaharuddin S. Influence of coconut residue dietary fiber on physicochemical, probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014) survivability and sensory attributes of probiotic ice cream. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Tung YT, Zeng JL, Ho ST, Xu JW, Lin IH, Wu JH. Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:45. [PMID: 35052549 PMCID: PMC8772896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we annotated the major flavonoid glycoside, rutin, of djulis hull crude extract using a Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) library and its MS/MS spectra. To evaluate the protective effect of djulis hull crude extract and rutin on glucose tolerance, we fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia. These results showed that crude extract significantly decreased HFD-induced elevation in the area under the curve (AUC) of weekly random blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels, and significantly increased pIRS1 and Glut4 protein expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was reversed by crude extract. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin protein expression in the colon was markedly downregulated in HFD-fed mice, resulting in decreased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, but were restored following crude extract. Moreover, the crude extract intervention had a profound effect on the alpha diversity and microbial community in the gut microbiota. Therefore, djulis hull crude extract could improve blood glucose and increase insulin receptor sensitivity in HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, which is likely due to its modulation of the gut microbiota, preservation of the integrity of the intestinal barrier to reduce body inflammation, increased antioxidant activity, and modulation of insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Lan Zeng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Wei Xu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
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19
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Guo X, Cao X, Fang X, Guo A, Li E. Inhibitory effects of fermented Ougan ( Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) juice on high-fat diet-induced obesity associated with white adipose tissue browning and gut microbiota modulation in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9300-9314. [PMID: 34606525 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Ougan juice (OJ) and lactic acid bacteria fermented Ougan juice (FOJ) were investigated individually for their capability of preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. After being administered with OJ or FOJ for 10 weeks, the body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis of HFD-fed mice were examined. The results showed that OJ or FOJ supplementation inhibited weight gain, lowered fat accumulation, reduced liver steatosis, improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, and promoted white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Both OJ and FOJ additions increased the diversity of gut microbiota. OJ reduced the relative abundance of phylum Erysipelatoclostridiaceae and genus Erysipelatoclostridium and remarkably increased SCFA-producing bacteria Blautia, while FOJ reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and enhanced the relative abundance of family Lactobacillaceae. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Akkermansia, Dubosiella, and Muribaculaceae were significantly negatively correlated with obesity-related indexes. In general, FOJ exhibited a better inhibitory effect on obesity than OJ, and the possible inhibitory mechanism lies in promoting WAT browning and increasing intestinal probiotics. This study provides the guidance for developing fermented Ougan juice as an obesity-inhibiting functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuedan Cao
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Xiugui Fang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Erhu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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20
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Beneficial effects of a combination of Clostridium cochlearium and Lactobacillus acidophilus on body weight gain, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition 2021; 93:111439. [PMID: 34507264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Species Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate producer Clostridium cochlearium have been shown to have potential antiobesity effects. The aim of this study was to show that the combination of C. cochlearium and L. acidophilus (CC-LA) has beneficial effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS In this study, thirty-six 6-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 mice each. The experimental group (CC-LA) was administered with CC-LA mixture and fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet. High-fat diet (HF) control and low-fat diet (LF) control groups were treated with the same dose of sterile water as the CC-LA group. RESULTS After 17 wk of dietary intervention, the CC-LA group showed 17% less body weight gain than the HF group did (P < 0.01). The CC-LA group also showed significantly reduced incremental area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance compared with the HF group. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiota showed that the CC-LA administration led to overall increased α-diversity indices, and a significant microbial separation from the HF group. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was reduced from 3.30 in the HF group to 1.94 in the CC-LA group. The relative abundances of certain obesity-related taxa were also decreased by CC-LA administration. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that the CC-LA combination reduced obesity and improved glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-treated DIO mice, potentially mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota.
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21
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Wang B, Wang L, Wang H, Dai H, Lu X, Lee YK, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Remediating Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. J Nutr 2021; 151:1703-1716. [PMID: 33982127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of obesity is rapidly increasing and has become a health and economic burden worldwide. As recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is closely linked to obesity, researchers have used various approaches to modulate the gut microbiota to treat the condition. Dietary composition and energy intake strongly affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Intestinal microbial changes alter the composition of bile acids and fatty acids and regulate bacterial lipopolysaccharide production, all of which influence energy metabolism and immunity. Evidence also suggests that remodeling the gut microbiota through intake of probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods, and dietary plants, as well as by fecal microbiota transplantation, are feasible methods to remediate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianyi Lu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Yoon H, Lee Y, Kang HJ, Ju J, Ji Y, Park H, Park H, Lee H, Holzapfel WH. Two putative probiotic strains improve diet-induced hypercholesterolemia through modulating intestinal cholesterol uptake and hepatic cholesterol efflux. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:562-570. [PMID: 34133840 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Two putative probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) rhamnosus BFE5264 and Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum NR74, have been shown to suppress cholesterol uptake and promote cholesterol efflux in Caco-2 cells. However, an in vivo beneficial effect of these strains on plasma cholesterol levels has not been verified yet; neither have the underlying mechanisms of regulating cholesterol metabolism clarified thus far. This study has focused on these two aspects. METHODS AND RESULTS A murine model has been used, and the animals receiving a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet showed elevated plasma cholesterol levels. However, supplementation of Lc. rhamnosus BFE5264 and Lp. plantarum NR74 resulted in the down regulation of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) in the intestine in addition to counteracting the diet-induced suppression of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in the liver. ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1) was only significantly increased upon administration of Lc. rhamnosus BFE5264. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate that supplementation with Lc. rhamnosus BFE5264 and Lp. plantarum NR74 may improve diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by suppression of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and by supporting the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work contributes to understanding the beneficial effects of probiotics on host cholesterol metabolism and underlying mechanisms related to hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsup Yoon
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Ju
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Lee
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Zhong X, Liu X, Wang X, Gao X. Therapeutic and Improving Function of Lactobacilli in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases: A Novel Perspective From Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:693412. [PMID: 34164427 PMCID: PMC8215129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.693412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular-related diseases are associated with structural and functional changes in gut microbiota (GM). The accumulation of beneficial gut commensals contributes to the improvement of cardiovascular-related diseases. The cardiovascular-related diseases that can be relieved by Lactobacillus supplementation, including hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, have expanded. As probiotics, lactobacilli occupy a substantial part of the GM and play important functional roles through various GM-derived metabolites. Lactobacilli ultimately have a beneficial impact on lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress to relieve the symptoms of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the axis and cellular process of gut commensal Lactobacillus in improving cardiovascular-related diseases have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, Lactobacillus strains produce diverse antimicrobial peptides, which help maintain intestinal homeostasis and ameliorate cardiovascular-related diseases. These strains are a field that needs to be further investigated immediately. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus strain supplementation from animal studies and human clinical trials. We also highlighted a broad range of lactobacilli candidates with therapeutic capability by mining their metabolites. Our study provides instruction in the development of lactobacilli as a functional food to improve cardiovascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Romero-Luna HE, Peredo-Lovillo AG, Jiménez-Fernández M. Probiotic and Potentially Probiotic Bacteria with Hypocholesterolemic Properties. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1926481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haydee Eliza Romero-Luna
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Audry Gustavo Peredo-Lovillo
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Maribel Jiménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Estabilidad de Alimentos, Centro De Investigación Y Desarrollo En Alimentos. Universidad Veracruzana. Dr. Castelazo Ayala S/n Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Abstract
Several studies have shown that probiotics and synbiotics ameliorate dyslipidemia. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects remain to be determined. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of a probiotic, a prebiotic, and a synbiotic in dyslipidemic Sprague–Dawley rats, and explore the mechanisms involved using a proteomic approach. The rats were allocated to five groups: a control group that was fed normal chow, and four high-fat diet-fed groups, three of which were administered a probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus), a prebiotic (inulin), or a combination of the two (a synbiotic) for 30 days. We showed that the administration of inulin, and especially L. acidophilus, improved the lipid profile and reduced the serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in high-fat diet-fed rats. Proteomic analysis showed changes in lipid elongation, glycerolipid metabolism, activation of antioxidants, and a reduction in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the livers of rats administered L. acidophilus, which likely mediate its beneficial effects on inflammation and dyslipidemia by reduced the levels of 18.56% CRP, 35.71% TNF-α 25.6% LDL-C and 28.57% LDL-C/HDL-C ratio when compared to HF group. L. acidophilus and inulin may represent effective natural means of maintaining inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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26
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Lee NY, Shin MJ, Youn GS, Yoon SJ, Choi YR, Kim HS, Gupta H, Han SH, Kim BK, Lee DY, Park TS, Sung H, Kim BY, Suk KT. Lactobacillus attenuates progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by lowering cholesterol and steatosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:110-124. [PMID: 33317254 PMCID: PMC7820205 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to gut-microbiome. There is a paucity of research on which strains of gut microbiota affect the progression of NAFLD. This study explored the NAFLD-associated microbiome in humans and the role of Lactobacillus in the progression of NAFLD in mice. METHODS The gut microbiome was analyzed via next-generation sequencing in healthy people (n=37) and NAFLD patients with elevated liver enzymes (n=57). Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were separated into six groups (n=10 per group; normal, Western, and four Western diet + strains [109 colony-forming units/g for 8 weeks; L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. paracasei, and L. plantarum]). Liver/body weight ratio, liver pathology, serum analysis, and metagenomics in the mice were examined. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects (1.6±4.3), NAFLD patients showed an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (25.0±29.0) and a reduced composition of Akkermansia and L. murinus (P<0.05). In the animal experiment, L. acidophilus group was associated with a significant reduction in liver/body weight ratio (5.5±0.4) compared to the Western group (6.2±0.6) (P<0.05). L. acidophilus (41.0±8.6), L. fermentum (44.3±12.6), and L. plantarum (39.0±7.6) groups showed decreased cholesterol levels compared to the Western group (85.7±8.6) (P<0.05). In comparison of steatosis, L. acidophilus (1.9±0.6), L. plantarum (2.4±0.7), and L. paracasei (2.0±0.9) groups showed significant improvement of steatosis compared to the Western group (2.6±0.5) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Ingestion of Lactobacillus, such as L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, and L. plantarum, ameliorates the progression of nonalcoholic steatosis by lowering cholesterol. The use of Lactobacillus can be considered as a useful strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Lee
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ye Rin Choi
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeong Seop Kim
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Hotaik Sung
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institue for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Jiang J, Feng N, Zhang C, Liu F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13 isolated from Chinese superlongevity people modulate lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemia rat model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5681392. [PMID: 31855230 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is strong evidence showing that many food-borne probiotics regulate cholesterol metabolism, few studies have examined how probiotics of human origin affect cholesterol metabolism. Because people living in so-called 'longevity villages' are unlikely to have hypercholesterolemia, we hypothesized that probiotics isolated from the residents would have cholesterol-reducing effects on rats with hypercholesterolemia. We isolated 16 strains of Lactobacillus from four longevity populations in China. The strains were tested in vitro for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and two isolates, Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13, were screened out. These two strains were then administered daily for 28 d to rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. The serum total cholesterol levels in the L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups decreased by 24.3% and 21.6%, respectively. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 23.8% and 25.2%, respectively. The L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups also exhibited upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (Srebp2) by 2.71-fold and 2.54-fold, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) in the two groups were significantly up-regulated by 1.28-fold and 2.17-fold, respectively. The composition of gut microbiota was recovered by oral gavage in both experimental groups, and the destroyed diversity of gut microbiota was relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Zhongshan Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Medical School, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, No. 205, Linjiang Road, Guanglin District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225004, P. R. China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Dias AM, Cordeiro G, Estevinho MM, Veiga R, Figueira L, Reina‐Couto M, Magro F. Gut bacterial microbiome composition and statin intake-A systematic review. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00601. [PMID: 32476298 PMCID: PMC7261966 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has become an important field of interest. Indeed, the microbiome has been associated to numerous drug interactions and it is thought to influence the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments. Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in its therapeutic response. In this context, we aimed to investigate how statins modulate the gut microbiome and, reversely, how can the microbiome influence the course of anti-hypercholesterolemic treatment. We conducted a systematic review by searching four online databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing gut microbiome changes following statin treatment and those assessing statins' response and associating it with patients' microbiome were included. Due to the limited number of results, we decided to include studies enrolling both humans and animals. We summarized information from three human and seven animal studies and aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiome composition on statin response (Outcome 1) and to evaluate the impact of statin treatment on the gut microbiome (Outcome 2). An association between a certain microbiome composition that promoted the lipid-lowering effect of statins was found. However, what kind of microorganisms and how they can exert this effect remains uncertain. Furthermore, statins might have a role in the modulation of the gut microbiome, but then again, it is still unknown whether this change is directly caused by the drug or another metabolic mechanism. Even though gut microbiota may have several potential therapeutic implications, its use as a personalized predictive biomarker requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. Dias
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Maria M. Estevinho
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Rui Veiga
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Luis Figueira
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of OphthalmologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Marta Reina‐Couto
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of GastroenterologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
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Development of regression model for bacteriocin production from local isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus MS1 using Box-Behnken design. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Qu T, Yang L, Wang Y, Jiang B, Shen M, Ren D. Reduction of serum cholesterol and its mechanism byLactobacillus plantarumH6 screened from local fermented food products. Food Funct 2020; 11:1397-1409. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Scheme showing the possible mechanisms by whichL. plantarumH6 maintains cholesterol homeostasis in mice with high-cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Minghao Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Dayong Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun
- China
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31
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Bubnov R, Babenko L, Lazarenko L, Kryvtsova M, Shcherbakov O, Zholobak N, Golubnitschaja O, Spivak M. Can tailored nanoceria act as a prebiotic? Report on improved lipid profile and gut microbiota in obese mice. EPMA J 2019; 10:317-335. [PMID: 31832109 PMCID: PMC6882984 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome modulation is a pillar intervention to treat metabolic syndrome, prestages, and cascade of related pathologies such as atherosclerosis, among others. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains demonstrate efficacy to reduce obesity, dyslipidemia, and improve metabolic health. Novel prebiotic substances composed with known probiotics may strongly synergize health benefits to the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate beneficial effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (probiotics) if composed with nanoceria (potential prebiotic) to reduce cholesterol levels and restore gut microbiota in obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two lines of mice were used in the study: BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks, 18-24 g) and CBA mice (11-12 months, 20-26 g); experimental animals were fed by fat-enriched diet 3 weeks before the evaluation. Animals were divided into groups to test probiotic strains and nanoceria. All groups received probiotic strains orally and cerium dioxide orally or intravenously in various composition. A group of untreated animals was used as a control. Cholesterol level and gut microbiota of mice were studied. RESULTS Cerium dioxide nanoparticles, probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280, and composition B. animalis VKB/B. animalis VKL applied separately and in different combinations all reduced at different levels free and bound cholesterol in blood serum of mice fed by fat-enriched diet. The combination of 0.01 M nanoceria and probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280 resulted in the fastest cholesterol level decrease in both young and mature animals. Oral administration of CeO2 applied alone reduced the number of microscopic fungi in the gut of mice and Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and/or streptococci). Application of L. casei IMV B-7280 as a probiotic strain increased most significantly the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gut of mice. The most significant normalization of gut microbiota was observed after oral administration of alternatively either L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.1 M CeO2 or L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.01 M CeO2. CONCLUSION Dietary application of nanoceria combined with probiotic strains L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalis VKB, and B. animals VKL has significantly reduced both free and bound cholesterol levels in serum. Simultaneous administration of probiotics and cerium nanoparticles as a prebiotic, in various combinations, significantly enhanced positive individual effects of them on the gut microbiota spectrum. The presented results provide novel insights into mechanisms behind nutritional supplements and open new perspectives for application of probiotics combined with substances demonstrating prebiotic qualities benefiting, therefore, the host health. Follow-up translational measures are discussed to bring new knowledge from lab to the patient. If validated in a large-scale clinical study, this approach might be instrumental for primary and secondary prevention in obese individual and patients diagnosed with diabetes. To this end, individualized prediction and treatments tailored to the person are strongly recommended to benefit the health condition of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Lidiia Babenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Lazarenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Maryna Kryvtsova
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Shcherbakov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Nadiya Zholobak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Radiological Clinic, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Breast Cancer Research Centre, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mykola Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- LCL ‘DIAPROF’, Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Ben Othman M, Sakamoto K. Effect of inactivated Bifidobacterium longum intake on obese diabetes model mice (TSOD). Food Res Int 2019; 129:108792. [PMID: 32036897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Studies have shown the futility of chemical drugs in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Bifidobacterium longum (BL), a common member of the gut microbiota throughout the human lifespan, has been widely reported to play a role in host health and disease. Here, we evaluated the effects of inactivated cells of BL (IBL) on obesity and blood glucose levels in TSOD mice by administering IBL orally for 5 weeks. The treated mice showed a significant decrease of body weight gain, adipose tissue mass and blood glucose levels, as well as a significant reduction in blood glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test. The treatment also resulted in reduced levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and NEFA. Moreover, serum and urine analysis showed low creatinine levels in IBL-treated mice. These data demonstrate that IBL may have the potential to prevent obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ben Othman
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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33
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Hu H, Zhang S, Liu F, Zhang P, Muhammad Z, Pan S. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Modulating the Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Citrus Pectin Oligosaccharides in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11922-11930. [PMID: 31576748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the regulatory effects of citrus pectin oligosaccharides (POS) from an innovative, chemically controllable degradation process on cholesterol metabolism and the gut microbial composition. The modulatory role of the intestinal flora was explored. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet; a high-fat (HF) diet; or a HF diet with 0.15, 0.45, and 0.9 g/kg body weight POS for 30 days. POS reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in a dose-dependent manner. The relative abundances of specific bacterial groups in the feces and the concentrations of their metabolites were higher in the POS groups. There were significant correlations among Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acids, as well as among serum TC, LDL-C, fecal bile acids, and liver cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. These findings indicate that the prepared POS exhibited hypocholesterolemic effects and that the potential regulatory mechanisms of citrus POS on cholesterol metabolism are modulated by specific bacterial groups together with their metabolites.
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Yerlikaya O, Akbulut N. In vitro
characterisation of probiotic properties of
Enterococcus faecium
and
Enterococcus durans
strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Yerlikaya
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University 35100Bornova-İzmir Turkey
| | - Necati Akbulut
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University 35100Bornova-İzmir Turkey
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Santos-Marcos JA, Perez-Jimenez F, Camargo A. The role of diet and intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:1-27. [PMID: 31082615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is in itself a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. The aim of this review is to summarize the data related to the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of obesity and the MetS, highlighting the role of diet in controlling the MetS by modifying the gut microbiota. The main alterations in the gut microbiota of individuals with MetS consist of an increased Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and a reduced capacity to degrade carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids, which in turn is related with the metabolic dysfunction of the host organism rather than with obesity itself. In addition to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, with its high fiber intake, a diet with 30% fat content but with a high content in fruit and vegetables, such as the Mediterranean diet, is beneficial and partially restores the dysbiosis found in individuals with MetS. Overall, the shaping of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics increases the short-chain fatty acid production and is therefore a valid alternative in MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santos-Marcos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
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Park SS, Lee YJ, Song S, Kim B, Kang H, Oh S, Kim E. Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 attenuates diet-induced obesity and fatty liver. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:87-100. [PMID: 29507043 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major threat to public health, and it is strongly associated with insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Here, we demonstrated that administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 (LNS1) significantly reduced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation, with a concomitant improvement in insulin sensitivity, in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, administration of LNS1 inhibited the effect of HFD feeding on the SREBP-1c and PPARα signaling pathways and reduced lipogenesis with an increase in fatty acid oxidation in ex vivo livers from HFD-fed mice. These LNS1 effects were confirmed in HepG2 cells and ex vivo livers by treatment with LNS1 culture supernatant (LNS1-CS). Interestingly, AMPK phosphorylation and activity in the liver of HFD-fed mice were increased by administration of LNS1. Consistently, chemical inhibition of AMPK with compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, dramatically reduced the effect of LNS1-CS on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells and ex vivo livers by modulating the SREBP-1c and PPARα signaling pathways. Furthermore, administration of LNS1 to HFD-fed mice significantly improved insulin resistance and increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Together, these data suggest that LNS1 may prevent diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders by improving lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity through an AMPK→SREBP-1c/PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Joo Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Song
- Division of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Boyong Kim
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyuno Kang
- Gwangju CenterKorea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Division of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eungseok Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Gut microbiota and probiotics intervention: A potential therapeutic target for management of cardiometabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease? Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:152-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Akal HC, Öztürkoğlu Budak Ş, Yetisemiyen A. Potential Probiotic Microorganisms in Kefir. MICROBIAL CULTURES AND ENZYMES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5363-2.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are defined as living microorganisms that provide health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts. The benefits include improvement of microbial balance immune system and oral health, provision of cholesterol-lowering effect, and antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria and some fungi. Kefir microbiota contains active living microorganisms. Many researches were carried out that potential probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, or yeasts like microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus were isolated from kefir grains. This chapter presents the data both on the probiotic bacteria isolated from kefir grains or kefir and the probiotic properties of kefir produced with these microorganisms.
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Bubnov RV, Babenko LP, Lazarenko LM, Mokrozub VV, Demchenko OA, Nechypurenko OV, Spivak MY. Comparative study of probiotic effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains on cholesterol levels, liver morphology and the gut microbiota in obese mice. EPMA J 2017; 8:357-376. [PMID: 29209439 PMCID: PMC5700021 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome-modulating interventions are promising for treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The number of probiotic strains demonstrated ability to decrease cholesterol level in vivo, however, it was poorly confirmed in a clinical setting. The aim was to study the effects of L. acidophilus IMV B-7279, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB separately and in various compositions on the level of serum cholesterol, gut microbiota contents and liver morphology on a high-calorie-induced obesity model in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used for the study female BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks old (18-24 g). Experimental animals were fed by a fat-enriched diet (FED), and 8 experimental groups were formed (12 mice in each group) to test strains of probiotic bacteria L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB and compositions. We used ultrasound for in vivo assessment of the liver and visceral (mesenteric) fat size. In the blood serum of the obese mice, the level of cholesterol was estimated. The liver morphology and gut microbiota of obese mice were studied. RESULTS We revealed that after treatment with all of the studied probiotic bacteria and compositions of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280, the weight of obese mice decreased, and cholesterol and its fraction levels in serum were reduced. The size of the liver slightly decreased after treatment with L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. аnimalis VKB or probiotic compositions; we observed reduction of the mesenteric fat size after injection of all these probiotic bacteria (separately) and probiotic compositions. We defined the strain-dependent effects on serum lipid profiles, liver morphology and the gut microbiota. The B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 composition effectively recovered the liver morphological structure of obese mice. The number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and coliform bacteria increased, the number of staphylococci and streptococci reduced, and the number of microscopic fungi significantly decreased in the gut of obese mice after treatment with L. casei IMV B-7280, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. animalis (separately) or their compositions. CONCLUSION L. casei IMV B-7280 (separately) and a composition of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 are effective at decreasing the weight of obese mice, decreasing cholesterol level, restoring the liver morphology and beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in high-calorie-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital ‘Pheophania’ of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Lidiia P. Babenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M. Lazarenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Viktoria V. Mokrozub
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr A. Demchenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy V. Nechypurenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya. Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- LCL ‘DIAPROF’, Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Kim DH, Jeong D, Kang IB, Kim H, Song KY, Seo KH. Dual function of Lactobacillus kefiri DH5 in preventing high-fat-diet-induced obesity: direct reduction of cholesterol and upregulation of PPAR-α in adipose tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28691342 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Kefir consumption inhibits the development of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) in mice fed 60% high-fat diet (HFD). To identify the key contributor of this effect, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from kefir and examined their anti-obesity properties from in vitro screening and in vivo validation. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen kefir LAB isolates were subjected to survivability test using artificial gastrointestinal environment and cholesterol-reducing assay. Lactobacillus kefiri DH5 showed 100% survivability in gastrointestinal environments and reduced 51.6% of cholesterol; thus, this strain was selected for in vivo experiment. Compared to the HFD-saline group, the HFD-DH5 group showed significantly lower body weight (34.68 versus 31.10 g; p < 0.001), epididymal adipose tissue weight (1.39 versus 1.05 g; p < 0.001), blood triglyceride (38.2 versus 31.0 mg/dL; p < 0.01) and LDL-cholesterol levels (19.4 versus 15.7 mg/dL; p < 0.01). In addition, L. kefiri DH5 administration significantly modulated gut microbiota of HFD-fed mice. The hepatic steatosis was significantly milder (Lesion score, 2.1 versus 1.2; p < 0.001) and adipocyte diameter was significantly smaller (65.1 versus 42.2 μm; p < 0.001) in the HFD-DH5 group. L. kefiri DH5 upregulated PPAR-α, FABP4, and CPT1 expression in the epididymal adipose tissues (2.29-, 1.77-, and 2.05-fold change, respectively), suggesting a reduction in adiposity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION L. kefiri DH5 exerts anti-obesity effects by direct reduction of cholesterol in the lumen and upregulation of PPAR-α gene in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Cândido FG, Valente FX, Grześkowiak ŁM, Moreira APB, Rocha DMUP, Alfenas RDCG. Impact of dietary fat on gut microbiota and low-grade systemic inflammation: mechanisms and clinical implications on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:125-143. [PMID: 28675945 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1343286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fat strongly affects human health by modulating gut microbiota composition and low-grade systemic inflammation. High-fat diets have been implicated in reduced gut microbiota richness, increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and several changes at family, genus and species levels. Saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and conjugated linolenic fatty acids share important pathways of immune system activation/inhibition with gut microbes, modulating obesogenic and proinflammatory profiles. Mechanisms that link dietary fat, gut microbiota and obesity are mediated by increased intestinal permeability, systemic endotoxemia, and the activity of the endocannabinoid system. Although the probiotic therapy could be a complementary strategy to improve gut microbiota composition, it did not show permanent effects to treat fat-induced dysbiosis. Based upon evidence to date, we believe that high-fat diets and SFA consumption should be avoided, and MUFA and omega-3 PUFA intake should be encouraged in order to regulate gut microbiota and inflammation, promoting body weight/fat control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Galvão Cândido
- a Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
| | - Flávia Xavier Valente
- a Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
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Tunapong W, Apaijai N, Yasom S, Tanajak P, Wanchai K, Chunchai T, Kerdphoo S, Eaimworawuthikul S, Thiennimitr P, Pongchaidecha A, Lungkaphin A, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2091-2104. [PMID: 28608320 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been shown to exert cardioprotection by restoring gut microbiota from dysbiosis and reducing systemic inflammation. However, the effects of prebiotics such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS); probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei STII01 HP4, and synbiotics on metabolic and LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that prebiotics and probiotics improve metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and LV function by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that synbiotics provide greater efficacy than a single regimen in obese insulin resistance. METHODS Rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then rats in each dietary group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups to receive either a vehicle, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics for another 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, BP, HRV, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had obese insulin resistance with markedly increased systemic inflammatory marker [Serum LPS; ND; 0.6 ± 0.1 EU/ml vs. HFD; 5.7 ± 1.2 EU/ml (p < 0.05)], depressed HRV, and increased BP and LV dysfunction [%ejection fraction; ND; 93 ± 2% vs. HFD; 83 ± 2% (p < 0.05)]. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics attenuated insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. All interventions also improved HRV, BP, LV function [%ejection fraction; HFV; 81 ± 2% vs. HFPE; 93 ± 3%, HFPO; 92 ± 1%, HFC; 92 ± 2% (p < 0.05)] by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in obese insulin-resistant rats. CONCLUSION Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics shared similar efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannipa Tunapong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2883. [PMID: 28588193 PMCID: PMC5460276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been found that some probiotic bacteria possess cholesterol-lowering capabilities. In this study, the ability of the Lab4 probiotic consortium to hydrolyse bile salts, assimilate cholesterol and regulate cholesterol transport by polarised Caco-2 enterocytes was demonstrated. Furthermore, in wild-type C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet, 2-weeks supplementation with Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillusplantarum CUL66 resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol levels and suppression of diet-induced weight gain. No changes in plasma levels of very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cytokines or bile acids were observed. Increased amounts of total and unconjugated bile acids in the faeces of the probiotic-fed mice, together with modulation of hepatic small heterodimer partner and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression, implicates bile salt hydrolase activity as a potential mechanism of action. In summary, this study demonstrates the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of short-term feeding of the Lab4 probiotic consortium plus L. plantarum CUL66 in wild-type mice and supports further assessment in human trials.
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Zhang F, Qiu L, Xu X, Liu Z, Zhan H, Tao X, Shah NP, Wei H. Beneficial effects of probiotic cholesterol-lowering strain of Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 from infants on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1618-1628. [PMID: 28041735 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select probiotic Enterococcus strains that have the potential to improve metabolic syndrome (MS). Ten Enterococcus strains isolated from healthy infants were evaluated for their probiotic properties in vitro, and Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 was selected due to its cholesterol removal ability (1.89 ± 0.07 mg/1010 cfu), highest glycodeoxycholic acid-hydrolase activity (1.86 ± 0.01 U/mg), and strong adhesion capacity to Caco-2 cells (17.90 ± 0.19%). The safety of E. faecium WEFA23 was verified by acute oral administration in mice, and it was found to have no adverse effects on general health status, bacterial translocation, and gut mucosal histology. Moreover, the beneficial effects of E. faecium WEFA23 on high-fat diet-induced MS in rats were investigated, and we found WEFA23 significantly decreased body weight, serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), blood glucose level, and insulin resistance in rats fed with a high-fat diet. This indicated that administration of E. faecium WEFA23 improved almost all key markers of MS, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Our results supported E. faecium WEFA23 as a candidate for cholesterol-lowering dairy products and improvement of MS. Our research provided novel insights on Enterococcus as a strategy to combat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiongpeng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Lee HS, Lim WC, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Lee JH, Cho HY. Antiobesity Effect of Garlic Extract Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum BL2 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:823-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seop Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chul Lim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- R&D Center, Bioland, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin-Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yon Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
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Nido SA, Shituleni SA, Mengistu BM, Liu Y, Khan AZ, Gan F, Kumbhar S, Huang K. Effects of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidative Status, Histopathological Lesions, and Related Gene Expression in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:399-409. [PMID: 26546553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 80 female albino mice were randomly allotted into five groups (n = 16) as follows: (A) normal control, (B) high-fat diet (HFD),; (C) HFD + probiotics (P), (D) HFD + sodium selenite (SS), and (E) HFD + selenium-enriched probiotics (SP). The selenium content of diets in groups A, B, C, D, and E was 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.3, and 0.3 μg/g, respectively. The amount of probiotics contained in groups C and E was similar (Lactobacillus acidophilus 0.25 × 10(11)/mL and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.25 × 10(9)/mL colony-forming units (CFU)). The high-fat diet was composed of 15 % lard, 1 % cholesterol, 0.3 % cholic acid, and 83.7 % basal diet. At the end of the 4-week experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, histopathological lesions, and related gene expressions. The result shows that HFD significantly increased the body weights and liver damages compared to control, while P, SS, or SP supplementation attenuated the body weights and liver damages in mice. P, SS, or SP supplementation also significantly reversed the changes of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein (TP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalasa (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by HFD. Generally, adding P, SS, or SP up-regulated mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase II (ACAT2), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and down-regulated mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) involved in lipid metabolism. Among the group, adding SP has a maximum effect in improving lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, histopathological lesions, and related gene expression in mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Agostinho Nido
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais e Matemática, Universidade Pedagógica de Moçambique, Campus Universitarios de Chiuaula, P. O. Box 4, Delegação de Niassa, Lichinga, Moçambique
| | - Shituleni Andreas Shituleni
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Berhe Mekonnen Mengistu
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Alam Zeb Khan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shahnawaz Kumbhar
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Shang Q, Shan X, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance ofLactobacillusandRuminococcaceae. Food Funct 2016; 7:3224-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00309e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a new insight into the well-recognized beneficial effects of dietary fucoidan by demonstrating its positive modulations on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Xindi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| |
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