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Fayezi S, Oehms S, Wolff von Gudenberg H, Ponnaiah M, Lhomme M, Strowitzki T, Germeyer A. De novo synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids modulates exosome-mediated lipid export from human granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112317. [PMID: 38901632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian somatic cells support the maturation and fertility of oocytes. Metabolic desaturation of fatty acids in these cells has a positive paracrine impact on the maturation of oocytes. We hypothesized that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in granulosa cells regulates the lipid cargo of exosomes secreted from these cells by maintaining the balance between saturated and unsaturated lipids. We investigated the effect of SCD1 on exosome lipid content in a cumulus-granulosa cell model under physiologically relevant in vitro conditions. METHODS Non-luteinized human COV434 granulosa cells were subjected to treatment with an inhibitor of SCD1 (SCDinhib) alone, in combination with oleic acid, or under control conditions. Subsequently, the exosomes were isolated and characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. We used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the lipidomic profiles. We used quantitative PCR with TaqMan primers to assess the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and control of cell cycle progression. RESULTS A trend toward exosome production was observed with a shift toward smaller exosome sizes in cells treated with SCD1inhib. This trend reached statistical significance when SCDinhib was combined with oleic acid supplementation. SCD1 inhibition led to the accumulation of saturated omega-6 lipids in exosomes. The latter effect was reversed by oleic acid supplementation, which also improved exosome production and suppressed the expression of fatty acid synthase and Cyclin D2. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the critical role of de novo fatty acid desaturation in the regulation of the export of specific lipids through exosomes, with potential implications for controlling intercellular communication within the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sophie Oehms
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena Wolff von Gudenberg
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O - Data Sciences (MP), ICAN Omics (ML), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O - Data Sciences (MP), ICAN Omics (ML), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Hsu CY, Liao CC, Lin ZC, Alalaiwe A, Hwang E, Lin TW, Fang JY. Facile adipocyte uptake and liver/adipose tissue delivery of conjugated linoleic acid-loaded tocol nanocarriers for a synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:50. [PMID: 38317220 PMCID: PMC10845550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk to human health. Adipogenesis is blocked by α-tocopherol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, their effect at preventing obesity is uncertain. The effectiveness of the bioactive agents is associated with their delivery method. Herein, we designed CLA-loaded tocol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhancing the anti-adipogenic activity of α-tocopherol and CLA. Adipogenesis inhibition by the nanocarriers was examined using an in vitro adipocyte model and an in vivo rat model fed a high fat diet (HFD). The targeting of the tocol NLCs into adipocytes and adipose tissues were also investigated. A synergistic anti-adipogenesis effect was observed for the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. Nanoparticles with different amounts of solid lipid were developed with an average size of 121‒151 nm. The NLCs with the smallest size (121 nm) showed greater adipocyte internalization and differentiation prevention than the larger size. The small-sized NLCs promoted CLA delivery into adipocytes by 5.5-fold as compared to free control. The nanocarriers reduced fat accumulation in adipocytes by counteracting the expression of the adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Localized administration of CLA-loaded tocol NLCs significantly reduced body weight, total cholesterol, and liver damage indicators in obese rats. The biodistribution study demonstrated that the nanoparticles mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. The NLCs decreased adipocyte hypertrophy and cytokine overexpression in the groin and epididymis to a greater degree than the combination of free α-tocopherol and CLA. In conclusion, the lipid-based nanocarriers were verified to inhibit adipogenesis in an efficient and safe way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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3
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Yang X, Lu X, Wang L, Bai L, Yao R, Jia Z, Ma Y, Chen Y, Hao H, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Stearic acid promotes lipid synthesis through CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 axis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127324. [PMID: 37838116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Stearic acid (C18:0, SA) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) that has a prominent function in lactating dairy cows. It is obtained primarily from the diet and is stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is also known as fatty acid translocase, but whether SA promotes lipid synthesis through CD36 and FAK/mTORC1 signaling is unknown. In this study, we examined the function and mechanism of CD36-mediated SA-induced lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). SA-enriched supplements enhanced lipid synthesis and the FAK/mTORC1 pathway in BMECs. SA-induced lipid synthesis, FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and the expression of lipogenic genes were impaired by anti-CD36 and the CD36-specific inhibitor SSO, whereas overexpression of CD36 effected the opposite results. Inhibition of FAK/mTORC1 by TAE226/Rapamycin attenuated SA-induced TAG synthesis, inactivated FAK/mTORC1 signaling, and downregulated the lipogenic genes PPARG, CD36, ACSL1, SCD, GPAT4, LIPIN1, and DGAT1 at the mRNA and protein levels in BMECs. By coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screen, CD36 interacted directly with Fyn but not Lyn, and Fyn bound directly to FAK; FAK also interacted directly with TSC2. CD36 linked FAK through Fyn, and FAK coupled mTORC1 through TSC2 to form the CD36/Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling axis. Thus, stearic acid promotes lipogenesis through CD36 and Fyn/FAK/mTORC1 signaling in BMECs. Our findings provide novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LCFA supplements promote lipid synthesis in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Linfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Jining 012000, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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4
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Neofytou MC, Hager-Theodorides AL, Sfakianaki E, Simitzis P, Symeou S, Sparaggis D, Tzamaloukas O, Miltiadou D. The Dietary Inclusion of Ensiled Olive Cake Increases Unsaturated Lipids in Milk and Alters the Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Mammary and Adipose Tissue in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3418. [PMID: 37958173 PMCID: PMC10650401 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of ensiled OC on milk yield, composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and the expression of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism in the udder and adipose tissue of goats. Seventy-two Damascus dairy goats in mid-lactation were assigned randomly to three iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets containing 0, 10, and 20% of ensiled OC as a replacement of forage (OC0, OC10, and OC20, respectively) for 42 days. During weeks 5 and 6 of the trial, dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and FA profiles were recorded, while mammary and perirenal adipose tissue samples were also collected from six animals per treatment from the OC0 and OC20 groups for gene expression analysis. No significant differences were observed among groups concerning milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, or protein yield (kg/d). In contrast, the milk fat percentage was gradually increased with increasing OC inclusion rates in the diets, while milk protein percentages were elevated in both OC groups but significantly only in the milk of the OC20 group. The content of FA between C4:0 to C16:0 was reduced, while mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA) concentration was enhanced in the goat milk of OC groups. The OC feeding treatment was associated with the increased mammary expression of SLC2A1 (p < 0.05), VLDLR (p < 0.01), FABP3 (p < 0.01), and elevated SLC2A1 (p < 0.05) and FASN (p < 0.01) gene expression in the adipose tissue of goats fed the OC20 diet. Overall, OC can be used in goats' diets as a forage replacement, at least in the inclusion rate of 20% DM, since this could increase the milk protein and fat percentage and enrich its content with beneficial for human health lipids without adversely affecting milk production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Neofytou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus; (M.C.N.); (S.S.); (O.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Ariadne-Loukia Hager-Theodorides
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.-L.H.-T.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleni Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.-L.H.-T.); (E.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.-L.H.-T.); (E.S.)
| | - Simoni Symeou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus; (M.C.N.); (S.S.); (O.T.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Ouranios Tzamaloukas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus; (M.C.N.); (S.S.); (O.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Despoina Miltiadou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus; (M.C.N.); (S.S.); (O.T.); (D.M.)
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5
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Abou-Rjeileh U, Dos Santos Neto JM, Chirivi M, O'Boyle N, Salcedo D, Prom C, Laguna J, Parales-Giron J, Lock AL, Contreras GA. Oleic acid abomasal infusion limits lipolysis and improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue from periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4306-4323. [PMID: 37105874 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis around parturition in dairy cows is associated with impaired AT insulin sensitivity and increased incidence of metabolic diseases. Supplementing cows with oleic acid (OA) reduces circulating biomarkers of lipolysis and improves energy balance. Nevertheless, it is unclear if OA alters lipid trafficking in AT. In the liver and skeletal muscle, OA improves mitochondrial function and promotes lipid droplet formation by activating perilipin 5 (PLIN5) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). However, it is unknown if this mechanism occurs in AT. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of OA on AT lipolysis, systemic and AT insulin sensitivity, and AT mitochondrial function in periparturient dairy cows. Twelve rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were infused abomasally following parturition with ethanol (CON) or OA (60 g/d) for 14 d. Subcutaneous AT samples were collected at 11 ± 3.6 d before calving (-12 d), and 6 ± 1.0 d (7 d) and 13 ± 1.4 d (14 d) after parturition. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed on d 14. Adipocyte morphometry was performed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained AT sections. The antilipolytic effect of insulin (1 μg/L) was evaluated using an ex vivo explant culture following lipolysis stimulation. PLIN5 and PPARα transcription and translation were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and capillary electrophoresis, respectively. RNA sequencing was used to evaluate the transcriptomic profile of mitochondrial gene networks. In CON cows, postpartum lipolysis increased the percentage of smaller (<3,000 µm2) adipocytes at 14 d compared with -12 d. However, OA limited adipocyte size reduction at 14 d. Likewise, OA decreased lipolysis plasma markers nonesterified free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate at 5 and 7 d. Over the 14-d period, compared with CON, OA increased the concentration of plasma insulin and decreased plasma glucose. During the glucose tolerance test, OA decreased circulating glucose concentration (at 10, 20, 30, 40 min) and the glucose clearance rate. Moreover, OA increased insulin at 10 and 20 min and tended to increase it at 30 min. Following lipolysis stimulation, OA improved the antilipolytic effect of insulin in the AT at 14 d. PLIN5 and PPARA gene expression decreased postpartum regardless of treatment. However, OA increased PLIN5 protein expression at 14 d and increased PPARA at 7 and 14 d. Immunohistochemical analysis of AT and RNA sequencing data showed that OA increased the number of mitochondria and improved mitochondrial function. However, OA had no effect on production and digestibility. Our results demonstrate that OA limits AT lipolysis, improves systemic and AT insulin sensitivity, and is associated with markers of mitochondrial function supporting a shift to lipogenesis in AT of periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Abou-Rjeileh
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - José M Dos Santos Neto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Nial O'Boyle
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - David Salcedo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Crystal Prom
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Juliana Laguna
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jair Parales-Giron
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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6
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Yuen Jr JSK, Saad MK, Xiang N, Barrick BM, DiCindio H, Li C, Zhang SW, Rittenberg M, Lew ET, Zhang KL, Leung G, Pietropinto JA, Kaplan DL. Aggregating in vitro-grown adipocytes to produce macroscale cell-cultured fat tissue with tunable lipid compositions for food applications. eLife 2023; 12:e82120. [PMID: 37014056 PMCID: PMC10072877 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a method of producing bulk cell-cultured fat tissue for food applications. Mass transport limitations (nutrients, oxygen, waste diffusion) of macroscale 3D tissue culture are circumvented by initially culturing murine or porcine adipocytes in 2D, after which bulk fat tissue is produced by mechanically harvesting and aggregating the lipid-filled adipocytes into 3D constructs using alginate or transglutaminase binders. The 3D fat tissues were visually similar to fat tissue harvested from animals, with matching textures based on uniaxial compression tests. The mechanical properties of cultured fat tissues were based on binder choice and concentration, and changes in the fatty acid compositions of cellular triacylglyceride and phospholipids were observed after lipid supplementation (soybean oil) during in vitro culture. This approach of aggregating individual adipocytes into a bulk 3D tissue provides a scalable and versatile strategy to produce cultured fat tissue for food-related applications, thereby addressing a key obstacle in cultivated meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Se Kit Yuen Jr
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Ning Xiang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | | | - Emily T Lew
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Kevin Lin Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Glenn Leung
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
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7
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Bharanidharan R, Thirugnanasambantham K, Kim J, Xaysana P, Viengsakoun N, Ibidhi R, Oh J, Kim NY, Beak SH, Smith SB, Kim KH. Supplementation with rumen-inert fat in the growing phase altered adipogenic gene expression and the size and number of adipocytes in Hanwoo steers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad315. [PMID: 37768168 PMCID: PMC10583981 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the provision of rumen-inert fat (RIF) to growing cattle (9 to 13 mo of age) would affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thereby affect the size and number of adipocytes of steers slaughtered at 30 mo of age. Thirty steers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 239 ± 25 kg were allocated to six pens, balanced for BW and genetic merit for marbling, and assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (only basal diet) or test diet (basal diet with 200 g of RIF per day, on an as-fed basis) for 5 mo. Biopsy samples of longissimus lumborum (LM) muscle were then collected for analysis of fatty acid composition and gene expression. Both groups were then fed the same basal diets during the early and late fattening phases, without RIF, until slaughter (average shrunk BW = 759 kg). Supplementation with RIF increased the longissimus thoracis (LT) intramuscular fatty acid concentration at slaughter (P = 0.087) and numerically increased the quality grade score (P = 0.106). The LM intramuscular relative mRNA expression of genes such as PPARα, ZFP423 and SREBP1, FASN, SCD, FABP4, GPAT1, and DGAT2 were downregulated (P < 0.1) following RIF supplementation. Supplementation of RIF decreased (P < 0.1) diameter and concomitantly increased intramuscular adipocytes per viewing section at slaughter. This likely was caused by promotion of triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase. Another possible explanation is that the relative mRNA expression of gene ATGL was upregulated by RIF supplementation during the growing (P < 0.1) and the fattening phases (P < 0.05), while the genes associated with fatty acid uptake (FABP4) and esterification (DGAT2) were downregulated during the growing phase and upregulated (P < 0.1) during the fattening phase. This implies that the lipid turnover rate was higher for steers during the growing than fattening phase. This study demonstrated that RIF supplementation during the growing phase induced a carryover effect on the lipogenic transcriptional regulation involved in adipocyte lipid content of intramuscular adipose tissue; increased triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase subsequently was followed by increased lipid accumulation during the fattening phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Puducherry 605004, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jayeon Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Panyavong Xaysana
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Napasirth Viengsakoun
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane Capital, 856, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17385, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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8
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Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins promote the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the LRP1/caveolin-1/AKT1 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159236. [PMID: 36179802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (OB) is usually accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in the circulation. We previously found that postprandial TRL combined with insulin induced the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which may represent a key mechanism underlying obesity. However, the specific mechanism and signaling pathway involved in this process remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that, in the postprandial state, patients with obesity had significantly higher levels of TG and remnant cholesterol (RC) than normal-weight controls. In vitro, we found that postprandial TRL, together with insulin, promoted the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), as evidenced by the increased expression of lipogenesis-related genes and their protein products, including low-density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LRP1). Besides, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression was also significantly upregulated under this condition. Cav-1 and LRP1 were observed to interact, and then led to the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the inhibition of LRP1 or Cav-1 significantly attenuated the adipogenic differentiation of AMSCs and downregulated AKT1 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, treatment with a selective AKT1 inhibitor significantly suppressed postprandial TRL and insulin-induced adipogenesis in AMSCs. Combined, our results demonstrated that, in association with insulin, postprandial TRL can promote the adipogenic differentiation of AMSCs in a manner that is dependent on the LRP1/Cav-1-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that a postprandial increase in TRL content is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia and diet-induced obesity.
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9
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Mitić R, Cantoni F, Börlin CS, Post MJ, Jackisch L. A simplified and defined serum-free medium for cultivating fat across species. iScience 2022; 26:105822. [PMID: 36636339 PMCID: PMC9830212 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat is a promising technology with the potential to mitigate the ethical and environmental issues associated with traditional meat. Fat plays a key role in the meat flavor; therefore, development of suitable adipogenic protocols for livestock is essential. The traditional adipogenic cocktail containing IBMX, dexamethasone, insulin and rosiglitazone is not food-compatible. Here, we demonstrate that of the four inducers only insulin and rosiglitazone are necessary in both serum-free (DMAD) and serum-containing media, with DMAD outperforming FBS. Two glucocorticoid receptor activators, progesterone and hydrocortisone, found in DMAD and FBS, affect differentiation homogeneity, without playing an essential role in activating adipogenic genes. Importantly, this protocol leads to mature adipocytes in 3D culture. This was demonstrated in both media types and in four species: ruminant and monogastric. We therefore propose a simplified one-step adipogenic protocol which, given the replacement of rosiglitazone by a food-compatible PPARγ agonist, is suitable for making cultivated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Mitić
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg 6211 LK, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark J. Post
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg 6211 LK, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Jackisch
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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10
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Song WJ, Liu PP, Zheng YY, Meng ZQ, Zhu HZ, Tang CB, Li HX, Ding SJ, Zhou GH. Production of cultured fat with peanut wire-drawing protein scaffold and quality evaluation based on texture and volatile compounds analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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12
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Modulation of Functional Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Acellular Preparation of Porcine Hemoglobin. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the potential usage of the acellular preparation of porcine hemoglobin (PHb) isolated from slaughterhouse blood as a cell culture media component, we have tested its effects on the functional characteristics of stromal cells of mesodermal origin. Human peripheral blood mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSCs) were used in this study as a primary cell model system, along with three mouse cell lines (ATDC5, MC3T3-E1, and 3T3-L1), which represent more uniform model systems. We investigated the effect of PHb at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM on these cells’ proliferation, cycle, and clonogenic and migratory potential, and found that PHb’s effect depended on both the cell type and its concentration. At the lowest concentration used (0.1 μM), PHb showed the least evident impact on the cell growth and migration; hence, we analyzed its effect on mesenchymal cell multilineage differentiation capacity at this concentration. Even under conditions that induce a specific type of MSC differentiation (cultivation in particular differentiation media), PHb modulated chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, making it a potential candidate for a supplement of MSC culture. Through a model of porcine hemoglobin, these findings also contribute to improving the knowledge of extracellular hemoglobin’s influence on MSCs >in vivo.
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13
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Fairfield H, Costa S, Falank C, Farrell M, Murphy CS, D’Amico A, Driscoll H, Reagan MR. Multiple Myeloma Cells Alter Adipogenesis, Increase Senescence-Related and Inflammatory Gene Transcript Expression, and Alter Metabolism in Preadipocytes. Front Oncol 2021; 10:584683. [PMID: 33680918 PMCID: PMC7930573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the bone marrow microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an essential precursor to bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts. The balance between this progenitor pool and mature cells (adipocytes and osteoblasts) is often skewed by disease and aging. In multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of the plasma cell that predominantly grows within the bone marrow, as well as other cancers, MSCs, preadipocytes, and adipocytes have been shown to directly support tumor cell survival and proliferation. Increasing evidence supports the idea that MM-associated MSCs are distinct from healthy MSCs, and their gene expression profiles may be predictive of myeloma patient outcomes. Here we directly investigate how MM cells affect the differentiation capacity and gene expression profiles of preadipocytes and bone marrow MSCs. Our studies reveal that MM.1S cells cause a marked decrease in lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Also, MM.1S cells or MM.1S-conditioned media altered gene expression profiles of both 3T3-L1 and mouse bone marrow MSCs. 3T3-L1 cells exposed to MM.1S cells before adipogenic differentiation displayed gene expression changes leading to significantly altered pathways involved in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, and metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) after adipogenesis. MM.1S cells induced a marked increase in 3T3-L1 expression of MM-supportive genes including Il-6 and Cxcl12 (SDF1), which was confirmed in mouse MSCs by qRT-PCR, suggesting a forward-feedback mechanism. In vitro experiments revealed that indirect MM exposure prior to differentiation drives a senescent-like phenotype in differentiating MSCs, and this trend was confirmed in MM-associated MSCs compared to MSCs from normal donors. In direct co-culture, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exposed to MM.1S, RPMI-8226, and OPM-2 prior to and during differentiation, exhibited different levels of lipid accumulation as well as secreted cytokines. Combined, our results suggest that MM cells can inhibit adipogenic differentiation while stimulating expression of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and other pro-myeloma molecules. This study provides insight into a novel way in which MM cells manipulate their microenvironment by altering the expression of supportive cytokines and skewing the cellular diversity of the marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Connor S. Murphy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Anastasia D’Amico
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Heather Driscoll
- Biology Department, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States,*Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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14
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García-Gamboa R, Kirchmayr MR, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Pérez-Brocal V, Moya A, González-Avila M. The intestinal mycobiota and its relationship with overweight, obesity and nutritional aspects. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:645-655. [PMID: 33586805 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal community of the gastrointestinal tract has recently become of interest, and knowledge of its relationship with the development of obesity is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the cultivable fungal fraction from the microbiota and to analyze its relationship with obesity. METHODS Samples were taken from 99 participants with normal weight, overweight and obesity (n = 31, 34 and 34, respectively) and were cultivated in selective medium, and the cultivable yeasts were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were also evaluated. RESULTS Eutrophic, overweight and obese groups presented concentrations of 1.6, 2.16 and 2.19 log10 colony-forming units g-1 yeast, respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two identified phyla. At the genus level, Candida spp. showed a relatively high prevalence, and 10 different species were detected: Candida glabrata, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida lambica, Candida kefyr, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida valida, Candida parapsilosis, Candida utilis and Candida humilis (with relative abundances of 71.72%, 5.05%, 21.21%, 6.06%, 29.29%, 27.27%, 8.08%, 16.16%, 1.01% and 2.02%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The obese group presented a higher prevalence of Candida albicans. Furthermore, Candida albicans, Candida kefyr and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa showed a high positive correlation with obesity, weight gain and fat mass and showed a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein and lean mass, parameters related to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo García-Gamboa
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Manuel R Kirchmayr
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Integrative Systems Biology Institute (I2SysBio) Universitat de València and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Marisela González-Avila
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
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15
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Horstmann R, de Aguiar G, Ribeiro C, Oliveira D. Stearic acid (C18:0) reduces the expression of lipogenic genes and productivity in latelactating dairy ewes. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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de Souza J, Prom CM, Lock AL. Altering the ratio of dietary palmitic and oleic acids affects nutrient digestibility, metabolism, and energy balance during the immediate postpartum in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2910-2923. [PMID: 33358801 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is the second from an experiment that determined the effects of altering the dietary ratio of palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on digestibility, production, and metabolic responses of dairy cows during the immediate postpartum. This article elaborates on the effect of these diets on nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and metabolism. Fifty-six multiparous cows were used in a randomized complete block design and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments fed from 1 to 24 d in milk. The treatments were: (1) control (CON) diet not supplemented with fatty acids (FA); (2) diet supplemented with a FA blend containing 80% C16:0 and 10% cis-9 C18:1 (80:10); (3) diet supplemented with a FA blend containing 70% C16:0 and 20% cis-9 C18:1 (70:20); and (4) diet supplemented with a FA blend containing 60% C16:0 and 30% cis-9 C18:1 (60:30). The FA supplement blends were added at 1.5% of diet dry matter by replacing soyhulls in the CON diet. Three preplanned contrasts were used to compare treatment differences: (1) CON versus FA-supplemented diets, (80:10 + 70:20 + 60:30)/3; (2) the linear effect of cis-9 C18:1 inclusion in diets; and (3) the quadratic effect of cis-9 C18:1 inclusion in diets. The FA-supplemented diets increased digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, 18-carbon FA, and total FA compared with CON. We observed a tendency for an interaction between treatment and time for the digestibility of 18-carbon and total FA because the difference in digestibility between CON and 60:30 treatments tended to increase over time. Increasing dietary cis-9 C18:1 increased linearly the digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, 16-carbon, 18-carbon, and total FA. Interestingly, total absorbed FA was positively related to milk, milk fat yield, energy-corrected milk, plasma insulin, and albumin, and negatively related to plasma nonesterified FA (NEFA) and body weight loss. The FA-supplemented diets increased intake of digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and net energy for lactation compared with CON. Compared with CON, FA-supplemented diets increased milk energy output and tended to increase negative energy balance. Increasing dietary cis-9 C18:1 increased intake of digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and net energy for lactation. Although increasing dietary cis-9 C18:1 did not affect milk energy output and energy for maintenance, increasing dietary cis-9 C18:1 improved energy balance. Compared with CON, FA-supplemented diets increased plasma insulin, but we did not observe differences between CON and FA-supplemented diets for NEFA and albumin. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments linearly decreased plasma NEFA and tended to linearly increase insulin and β-hydroxybutyrate. During the carryover period, no treatment differences in blood metabolites were observed. Our results indicate that feeding FA supplements containing C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 during the immediate postpartum period increased nutrient digestibility, energy intake, and milk energy output compared with a non-fat-supplemented control diet. Increasing dietary cis-9 C18:1 increased energy intake, reduced markers of body fat mobilization, and improved energy balance during the immediate postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - C M Prom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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17
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Wang X, Qiu J, Liang C, Cheng G, Wang H, Zhao C, Yang W, Zan L, Li A. Bovine Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Promotes Adipogenesis by Activating the PPARγ Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12058-12066. [PMID: 33052678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that mainly catalyzes the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The expression level of SCD1 is positively correlated with the marbling score. However, the functional mechanism of SCD1 in adipogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we identified SCD1 as highly expressed in subcutaneous and visceral fat, peaking at 2 days after differentiation in bovine stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. When the SCD1 was overexpressed in bovine SVF cells, lipid droplets accumulation was increased from 142.46 ± 21.77 to 254.89 ± 11.75 μg/mg (P < 0.01). Further, the expression levels of FABP4, FASN, and ACCα were increased (P < 0.01), while the expression of PPARγ or C/EBPα was not changed at mRNA or protein level (P > 0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the activity of the PPARγ receptor was enhanced by 3.69 times (P < 0.01). Moreover, the contents of palmitoleate (C16:1) and oleate (C18:1) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 100 μM exogenous oleate increased the lipid accumulation by 22.28 times (P < 0.01). These results suggest that oleate is probably a strong ligand of the PPARγ receptor to enhance adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ju Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
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18
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Małodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Pawełka D, Kaliszewski K, Rudnicki J, Dobosz T. Metabolic Differences between Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipocytes Differentiated with an Excess of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1092. [PMID: 32962087 PMCID: PMC7563871 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem in highly industrialized countries. High-fat diet (HFD) is one of the most common causes of obesity and obesity-related disorders. There are considerable differences between fat depots and the corresponding risks of metabolic disorders. We investigated the various effects of an excess of fatty acids (palmitic 16:0, stearic 18:0, and oleic acids 18:1n-9) on adipogenesis of subcutaneous- and visceral-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and phenotypes of mature adipocytes. MSCs of white adipose tissue were acquired from adipose tissue biopsies obtained from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The MSCs were extracted and differentiated in vitro with the addition of fatty acids. Oleic acid stimulated adipogenesis, resulting in higher lipid content and larger adipocytes. Furthermore, oleic acid stimulated adipogenesis by increasing the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (CEBPB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARG). All of the examined fatty acids attenuated the insulin-signaling pathway and radically reduced glucose uptake following insulin stimulation. Visceral adipose tissue was shown to be more prone to generate inflammatory stages. The subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted a greater quantity of adipokines. To summarize, oleic acid showed the strongest effect on adipogenesis. Furthermore, all of the examined fatty acids attenuated insulin signaling and secretion of cytokines and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Dorota Pawełka
- Department and Division of Surgical Didactics, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 66, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rudnicki
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (T.D.)
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19
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Dahl N, Albrecht E, Dannenberger D, Uken KL, Hammon HM, Maak S. Consequences of Maternal Essential Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on the Development of Calf Muscle and Adipose Tissue. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091598. [PMID: 32911793 PMCID: PMC7552164 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common silage and concentrate-based diets in dairy and beef production may deliver insufficient amounts of essential fatty acids (EFA), thereby also reducing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in body tissues and milk. An impaired maternal EFA and CLA supply can have an important impact on calf postnatal development. The current study investigates how maternal supplementation with EFA and CLA affects muscle and adipose tissue development in neonatal calves. Holstein cows (n = 40) were abomasaly supplemented with coconut oil (control), CLA or EFA, or both combined during the transition period. Calves were fed their dam's colostrum until slaughter at day 5 of life. Fatty acid composition and tissue morphology were analyzed. In muscle and adipose tissues, EFA, CLA, and metabolites were elevated, indicating the effective transfer of maternally-supplemented FA to the offspring. Muscle fiber types, fiber nuclei, myosin heavy chain isoform distribution, capillarization, and fat cell size of intramuscular and other adipose tissues did not differ among groups. The results confirm that maternal nutrition during the transition period can alter the FA composition of the calf tissues. This could influence the offspring's development and health in the long-term, even though only minor effects were observed in the neonatal calves' tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dahl
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.D.); (D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.D.); (D.D.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68-858
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.D.); (D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Katrin L. Uken
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (K.L.U.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Harald M. Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (K.L.U.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.D.); (D.D.); (S.M.)
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20
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Neofytou MC, Miltiadou D, Sfakianaki E, Constantinou C, Symeou S, Sparaggis D, Hager-Theodorides AL, Tzamaloukas O. The use of ensiled olive cake in the diets of Friesian cows increases beneficial fatty acids in milk and Halloumi cheese and alters the expression of SREBF1 in adipose tissue. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8998-9011. [PMID: 32747111 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of ensiled olive cake, a by-product of olive oil production, on milk yield and composition and on fatty acid (FA) profile of milk and Halloumi cheese from cows. Furthermore, the effect of olive cake on the expression of selected genes involved in mammary and adipose lipid metabolism was assessed in a subset of animals. A total of 24 dairy cows in mid lactation were allocated into 2 isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeding treatments, named the control (CON) diet and the olive cake (OC) diet, in which part of the forages (alfalfa, barley hay, and barley straw) were replaced with ensiled OC as 10% of dry matter according to a 2 × 2 crossover design with two 28-d experimental periods. At the end of the second experimental period, mammary and perirenal adipose tissue samples were collected from 3 animals per group for gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The expression of 11 genes, involved in FA synthesis (ACACA, FASN, G6PDH), FA uptake or translocation (VLDLR, LPL, SLC2A1, CD36, FABP3), FA saturation (SCD1), and transcriptional regulation (SREBF1, PPARG), was evaluated. No significant differences were observed between groups concerning milk yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, and protein yield (kg/d), whereas milk fat yield (kg/d) increased in the OC group. Dietary supplementation with ensiled OC modified the FA profile of milk and Halloumi cheese produced. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of de novo synthesized FA, saturated FA, and the atherogenic index, whereas long-chain and monounsaturated FA concentration was increased in both milk and cheese. Among individual saturated FA, only stearic acid was elevated, whereas among individual monounsaturated FA, increments of oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) and the sum of C18:1 trans-10 and trans-11 acids were demonstrated in milk and Halloumi cheese produced. Although no diet effect was reported on total polyunsaturated FA, the concentration of CLA cis-9,trans-11 was increased in both milk and Halloumi cheese fat of the OC group. The expression of the genes tested was unaffected apart from an observed upregulation of SREBF1 mRNA expression in perirenal fat from cows fed the OC diet. Milk FA differences observed were not associated with alterations in mammary expression of genes involved in FA synthesis, uptake, translocation, and regulation of lipogenesis. Overall, the inclusion of ensiled OC in cow diets for a 4-wk period improved, beneficially for human health, the lipid profile of bovine milk and Halloumi cheese produced without adversely affecting milk yield and composition or the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of mammary and adipose tissues in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Neofytou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, PO Box 50329, Cyprus 3036
| | - D Miltiadou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, PO Box 50329, Cyprus 3036
| | - E Sfakianaki
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - C Constantinou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, PO Box 50329, Cyprus 3036
| | - S Symeou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, PO Box 50329, Cyprus 3036
| | - D Sparaggis
- Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, PO Box 22016, Cyprus 1516
| | - A L Hager-Theodorides
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - O Tzamaloukas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, PO Box 50329, Cyprus 3036.
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21
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Sun L, Li FH, Li T, Min Z, Yang LD, Gao HE, Wu DS, Xie T. Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:245-258. [PMID: 32006095 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) to improve metabolic health in older individuals. However, differences in adipose tissue metabolism between these two approaches are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of HIIT and MICT on metabolic phenotypes in aged rats. HIIT significantly decreased fat mass, increased percent lean mass, decreased fat-to-lean ratio, reduced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased serum interleukin-10 levels, and decreased perirenal adipose tissue leptin compared with rats in the sedentary (SED) group. HIIT also increased pregnenolone, cortisol, and corticosterone in both adipose tissue and serum. Both exercise modalities enhanced hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase expression compared with the SED group and decreased palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, urea, 1-heptadecanol, and α-tocopherol. MICT was related to glycerolipid metabolism, whereas HIIT was related to steroid hormone biosynthesis. Overall, HIIT showed more favorable regulation of anti-inflammatory activity than MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Min
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-En Gao
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Shuai Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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22
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Malodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Dobosz T. Oleic acid influences the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via DNA Methylation and may predispose to obesity and obesity-related disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:230. [PMID: 31883537 PMCID: PMC6935146 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipogenesis is the process of adipocytes formation from unspecialized progenitor cells called mesenchymal stromal cells. Numerous mechanisms including epigenetic regulation modulate the correct progress of this process. Dietary exposures occurring over a specific period of time might cause long-lasting and even permanent changes in gene expression regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. For that reason, we investigated the adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 cells with the excess of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and their influence on global and site-specific DNA methylation in these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in vitro to obtain 100% of confluence, then the adipogenesis was induced by a differentiation cocktail with the addition of the excess of 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1n-9) acids. DNA and RNA were extracted at five-time points to assess the adipogenesis process. The phenotype of mature adipocytes (insulin sensitivity, adipokines secretion, fat content) was estimated in fully mature adipocytes. DNA methylation was investigated both during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. RESULTS Oleic acids stimulated expression of C/ebpα and Pparγ, which was correlated with lower methylation levels at promoters sites. Furthermore, cells cultured with an excess of oleic acid were characterized by higher lipid accumulation rate, higher leptin, and lower adiponectin secretion. Moreover, in all experimental cells, insulin signaling and glucose utilization were impaired. CONCLUSION Oleic acid affected the methylation of Pparγ and C/ebpα promoters, what correlated with higher expression. Furthermore, examined free fatty acids influenced the phenotype of mature adipocytes, especially insulin signaling pathway and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Bionaz M, Sciarresi-Arechabala P, Cancino-Padilla N, Morales MS, Romero J, Leskinen H, Garnsworthy PC, Loor JJ. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6030074. [PMID: 31540163 PMCID: PMC6789855 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the long-term transcriptomic effects of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated (olive oil; OO) and saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) lipids. Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing OO or HVO (n = 5 cows/group) for 63 days. SAT was obtained from the tail-head area at the onset of the study and after 21, 42, and 63 days of supplementation. Treatments had minor effects on expression of measured genes. Both fat supplements reduced expression of PPARG, HVO decreased transcription of the desaturase FADS2 and lipid droplet formation PLIN2, and OO increased transcription of FABP3. Both lipid treatments decreased expression of the transcription regulator SREBF1 and its chaperone (SCAP) during the first 21 days of treatment. Our data indicated that long-term feeding of OO and HVO have a relatively mild effect on expression of lipogenic genes in SAT of mid-lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Casilla-306, Chile.
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegardsvej 3, C DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Nathaly Cancino-Padilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Casilla-306, Chile.
| | - María Sol Morales
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. Av. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Jaime Romero
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Santiago 7810000, Chile.
| | - Heidi Leskinen
- Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen FI, Finland.
| | - Philip C Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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de Souza J, St-Pierre NR, Lock AL. Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 interacts with production level in dairy cows: Effects on production responses and energy partitioning. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9842-9856. [PMID: 31495626 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of altering the dietary ratio of palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production responses of lactating dairy cows. Cows were blocked by milk yield and assigned to 3 groups (12 cows per group) in a main plot: low (45.2 ± 1.7 kg/d), medium (53.0 ± 1.6 kg/d), and high (60.0 ± 1.9 kg/d). Within each production group, a truncated Latin square arrangement of fatty acid (FA) treatments was used in 2 consecutive 35-d periods. The FA treatments supplemented at 1.5% of diet dry matter were (1) 80:10 (80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1), (2) 73:17 (73% C16:0 + 17% cis-9 C18:1), (3) 66:24 (66% C16:0 + 24% cis-9 C18:1), and (4) 60:30 (60% C16:0 + 30% cis-9 C18:1). Treatment × production group interactions were observed for yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose and energy partitioned to milk. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments reduced fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk energy output in low-producing cows but increased these in high-producing cows. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments did not affect milk yield, milk protein yield, and milk lactose yield in low- and medium-producing cows but increased these in high-producing cows. Regardless of production level, there was no effect of treatments on dry matter intake; however, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased body weight change and body condition score change. Increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased total FA digestibility due to a linear increase in 16- and 18-carbon FA digestibilities. Interactions between FA treatments and production level were observed for the yield of milk fat and milk FA sources. In low-producing cows, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments decreased milk fat yield due to a decrease in de novo and mixed milk FA without changes in preformed milk FA. In contrast, in high-producing cows, increasing cis-9 C18:1 in FA treatments increased milk fat yield due to an increase in de novo and preformed milk FA. Our results indicate that high-producing dairy cows (averaging 60 kg/d) responded better to a fat supplement containing more cis-9 C18:1, whereas low-producing cows (averaging 45 kg/d) responded better to a supplement containing more C16:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | | | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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25
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Chen Q, Rong P, Zhu S, Yang X, Ouyang Q, Wang HY, Chen S. Targeting RalGAPα1 in skeletal muscle to simultaneously improve postprandial glucose and lipid control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4116. [PMID: 30989113 PMCID: PMC6459767 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
How insulin stimulates postprandial uptake of glucose and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into skeletal muscle and the mechanisms by which these events are dampened in diet-induced obesity are incompletely understood. Here, we show that RalGAPα1 is a critical regulator of muscle insulin action and governs both glucose and lipid homeostasis. A high-fat diet increased RalGAPα1 protein but decreased its insulin-responsive Thr735-phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. A RalGAPα1Thr735Ala mutation impaired insulin-stimulated muscle assimilation of glucose and LCFAs and caused metabolic syndrome in mice. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of RalGAPα1 improved postprandial glucose and lipid control. Mechanistically, these mutations of RalGAPα1 affected translocation of insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 and fatty acid translocase CD36 via RalA to affect glucose and lipid homeostasis. These data indicated RalGAPα1 as a dual-purpose target, for which we developed a peptide-blockade for improving muscle insulin sensitivity. Our findings have implications for drug discovery to combat metabolic disorders.
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26
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Putman A, Brown J, Gandy J, Abuelo A, Sordillo L. Oxylipid profiles of dairy cattle vary throughout the transition into early mammary gland involution. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2481-2491. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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