1
|
Petakh P, Duve K, Oksenych V, Behzadi P, Kamyshnyi O. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of short-chain fatty acids in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: a mini-review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1394953. [PMID: 38887367 PMCID: PMC11182003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1394953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review explores the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Highlighting the microbiota-gut-brain axis, this study investigated the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and mental health. SCFAs, byproducts of gut microbial fermentation, have been examined for their potential impact on PTSD, with a focus on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses changes in SCFA levels and bacterial profiles in individuals with PTSD, emphasizing the need for further research. Promising outcomes from clinical trials using probiotics and fermented formulations suggest potential avenues for PTSD management. Future directions involve establishing comprehensive human cohorts, integrating multiomics data, and employing advanced computational methods, with the goal of deepening our understanding of the role of SCFAs in PTSD and exploring microbiota-targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Duve
- Department of Neurology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsui K, Tani R, Yamasaki S, Ito N, Hamada A, Shintani T, Otomo T, Tokumaru K, Yanamoto S, Okamoto T. Analysis of Oral and Gut Microbiome Composition and Its Impact in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6077. [PMID: 38892262 PMCID: PMC11172797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of dental plaque and feces between patients with OSCC and healthy controls (HCs). Fecal and dental plaque samples were collected from 7 HCs and 18 patients with OSCC before treatment initiation. Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Differences in bacterial diversity between the HC and OSCC groups were examined. We compared the occupancy of each bacterial species in samples taken from patients with OSCC and HCs and analyzed the correlation between PD-L1 expression in the tumor specimens and the occupancy of each bacterial species. The gut and oral microbiota of patients with OSCC were more varied than those of HCs. Porphyromonas and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in patients with OSCC than in HCs. The abundance of Clostridium subcluster XIVa in the gut microbiota of the PD-L1-positive group was significantly greater than that in the PD-L1-negative group. The oral and gut microbiomes of patients with OSCC were in a state of dysbiosis. Our results suggest the possibility of new cancer therapies targeting these disease-specific microbiomes using probiotics and synbiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Matsui
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Ryouji Tani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Nanako Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Otomo
- NIHON KEFIA Co., Ltd., 13-16, Asahicho, Fujisawa-shi 251-0054, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Koichiro Tokumaru
- NIHON KEFIA Co., Ltd., 13-16, Asahicho, Fujisawa-shi 251-0054, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsunaga M, Takeuchi M, Watanabe S, Takeda AK, Kikusui T, Mogi K, Nagasawa M, Hagihara K, Myowa M. Intestinal microbiome and maternal mental health: preventing parental stress and enhancing resilience in mothers. Commun Biol 2024; 7:235. [PMID: 38424440 PMCID: PMC10904874 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of mothers suffering from mental illness is increasing steadily, particularly under conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. The identification of factors that contribute to resilience in mothers is urgently needed to decrease the risks of poor physical and psychological health. We focused on the risk of parenting stress and psychological resilience in healthy mothers with no psychiatric and physical disorders and conducted two studies to examine the relationships between intestinal microbiota, physical condition, and psychological state. Our results showed that alpha diversity and beta diversity of the microbiome are related to high parenting stress risk. Psychological resilience and physical conditions were associated with relative abundances of the genera Blautia, Clostridium, and Eggerthella. This study helps further understand the gut-brain axis mechanisms and supports proposals for enhancing resilience in mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Matsunaga
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mariko Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takefumi Kikusui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hagihara
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang Y, Du J, Wu H, Wang M, Liu S, Tao F. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Chronic Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:191-203. [PMID: 36173071 PMCID: PMC10788890 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927092016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiome and relevant metabolites is essential for health, and its disturbance leads to various intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiome-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in different neurological disorders (such as chronic pain). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers in the gut and contribute to multiple host processes, including gastrointestinal regulation, cardiovascular modulation, and neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Although SCFAs have been implicated in the modulation of chronic pain, the detailed mechanisms that underlie such roles of SCFAs remain to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize currently available research data regarding SCFAs as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment and discuss several possible mechanisms by which SCFAs modulate chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Neurology of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jean Wilson E, Sirpu Natesh N, Ghadermazi P, Pothuraju R, Prajapati DR, Pandey S, Kaifi JT, Dodam JR, Bryan JN, Lorson CL, Watrelot AA, Foster JM, Mansell TJ, Joshua Chan SH, Batra SK, Subbiah J, Rachagani S. Red Cabbage Juice-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation Improves Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Ameliorates Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:539. [PMID: 38203712 PMCID: PMC10778654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and can potentially prevent IBD through microbial-derived metabolites, making it a promising therapeutic avenue. Recent evidence suggests that despite an unclear underlying mechanism, red cabbage juice (RCJ) alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Thus, the study aims to unravel the molecular mechanism by which RCJ modulates the gut microbiota to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Using C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated RCJ's protective role in DSS-induced colitis through two cycles of 3% DSS. Mice were daily gavaged with PBS or RCJ until the endpoint, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed via shotgun metagenomics. RCJ treatment significantly improved body weight (p ≤ 0.001), survival in mice (p < 0.001) and reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores. Further, RCJ improved colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of protective colonic mucins (p < 0.001) and tight junction proteins (p ≤ 0.01) in RCJ + DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS group. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (p < 0.05), leading to increased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) activation (p ≤ 0.001). This, in turn, resulted in repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, causing decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our study demonstrates colitis remission in a DSS-induced mouse model, showcasing RCJ as a potential modulator for gut microbiota and metabolites, with promising implications for IBD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jean Wilson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Parsa Ghadermazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (P.G.)
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dipakkumar R. Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - John R. Dodam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Jeffrey N. Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Aude A. Watrelot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Jason M. Foster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mansell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Siu Hung Joshua Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (P.G.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jeyamkondan Subbiah
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (N.S.N.); (J.R.D.); (J.N.B.)
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farsi DN, Gallegos JL, Finnigan TJA, Cheung W, Munoz JM, Commane DM. The effects of substituting red and processed meat for mycoprotein on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers: an analysis of secondary endpoints from Mycomeat. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3349-3359. [PMID: 37624376 PMCID: PMC10611638 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mycoprotein is a relatively novel food source produced from the biomass of Fusarium venenatum. It has previously been shown to improve CVD risk markers in intervention trials when it is compared against total meat. It has not hitherto been assessed specifically for benefits relative to red and processed meat. METHODS We leveraged samples from Mycomeat, an investigator-blind randomised crossover controlled trial in metabolically healthy male adults (n = 20), randomised to consume 240 g/day of red and processed meat for 14 days followed by mycoprotein, or vice versa. Blood biochemical indices were a priori defined secondary endpoints. RESULTS Mycoprotein consumption led to a 6.74% reduction in total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and 12.3% reduction in LDL cholesterol (P = 0.02) from baseline values. Change in fasted triglycerides was not significantly different between diets (+ 0.19 ± 0.11 mmol/l with mycoprotein, P = 0.09). There was a small but significant reduction in waist circumference for mycoprotein relative to meat (- 0.95 ± 0.42 cm, P = 0.04). Following the mycoprotein diet, mean systolic (- 2.41 ± 1.89 mmHg, P = 0.23) and diastolic blood pressure (- 0.80 ± 1.23 mmHg, P = 0.43) were reduced from baseline. There were no statistically significant effects of the intervention on urinary sodium, nitrite or TMAO; while urinary potassium (+ 126.12 ± 50.30 mmol/l, P = 0.02) and nitrate (+ 2.12 ± 0.90 mmol/l, P = 0.04) were both significantly higher with mycoprotein relative to meat. The study population comprised metabolically healthy adults, therefore, changes in plasma lipids had little effect on cardiovascular risk scores (- 0.34% FRS for mycoprotein P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm potential cardiovascular benefits when displacing red and processed meat with mycoprotein in the diet. Longer trials in higher risk study populations are needed to fully elucidate suggested benefits for blood pressure and body composition. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT03944421.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic N Farsi
- Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Sutherland Building, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Jose Lara Gallegos
- Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Sutherland Building, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
- NUTRAN, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - William Cheung
- Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Sutherland Building, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jose Munoz Munoz
- Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Sutherland Building, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Sutherland Building, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jean Wilson E, Sirpu Natesh N, Ghadermazi P, Pothuraju R, Shanmugam M, Prajapati DR, Pandey S, Kaifi JT, Dodam JR, Bryan J, Lorson CL, Watrelot AA, Foster JM, Mansel TJ, Joshua Chan SH, Batra SK, Subbiah J, Rachagani S. Red cabbage juice-mediated gut microbiota modulation improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554560. [PMID: 37662255 PMCID: PMC10473712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has therapeutic benefits. Thus, targeting the gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic approach for IBD treatment. We recently found that red cabbage juice (RCJ) ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The current study investigated the modulation of gut microbiota in response to treatment with RCJ to ameliorate the DSS colitis. The initial results demonstrated that mice treated with DSS + RCJ showed increased body weight and decreased diarrhea and blood in feces compared to the DSS alone group. RCJ ameliorated colitis by regulating the intestinal barrier function by reducing the number of apoptotic cells, improving colonic protective mucin, and increasing tight junction protein in RCJ + DSS groups compared to the DSS group. Short-gun metagenomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Acetatifactor muris, Rosburia Sp. CAG:303 , Dorea Sp. 5-2) increased PPAR-© activation, leading to repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, thus decreasing the production of crucial inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the RCJ + DSS groups compared to the DSS group. Pathway abundance analysis showed an increased abundance of the SCFA pathway, reduced histidine degradation ( Bacteroides sartorii, and Bacteroides caecimuris ), and LCFA production in the RCJ+DSS treated group, suggesting the promotion of good colonic health. Furthermore, increased T-reg (FOXP3+) cells in the colon were due to SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota, which was corroborated by an increase in IL-10, a vital anti-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, our study provides the first evidence that RCJ ameliorates colonic inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Huang Y, Xin M, Li T, Wang X, Fang Y, Liang S, Cai T, Xu X, Dong L, Wang C, Xu Z, Song X, Li J, Zheng Y, Sun W, Li L. The impact of microbially modified metabolites associated with obesity and bariatric surgery on antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156471. [PMID: 37266441 PMCID: PMC10230250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of many types of cancers. Patients with obesity and cancer present with features of a disordered gut microbiota and metabolism, which may inhibit the physiological immune response to tumors and possibly damage immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, bariatric surgery has become increasingly common and is recognized as an effective strategy for long-term weight loss; furthermore, bariatric surgery can induce favorable changes in the gut microbiota. Some studies have found that microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inosine bile acids and spermidine, play an important role in anticancer immunity. In this review, we describe the changes in microbial metabolites initiated by bariatric surgery and discuss the effects of these metabolites on anticancer immunity. This review attempts to clarify the relationship between alterations in microbial metabolites due to bariatric surgery and the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review seeks to provide strategies for the development of microbial metabolites mimicking the benefits of bariatric surgery with the aim of improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients who have not received bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yini Fang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grabacka M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalska M. The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214156. [PMID: 36430628 PMCID: PMC9696208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., lamina propria macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-4701
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang B, An L, Su W, Yan T, Zhang H, Yu DJ. Exploring the alterations and function of skin microbiome mediated by ionizing radiation injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029592. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRadiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is still the most common and severe side effect of radiotherapy. The role of the skin’s microbial barrier in the pathogenesis and progression of RISI needs to be fully investigated.MethodsThis study aimed to explore the alterations in and functions of the skin microbiota in RISI. We applied the unculturable approach to characterize the cutaneous microbiomes of a radiation-induced animal model by sequencing the V1–V3 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Combined with the downloaded clinical data of patients, a comprehensive analysis was performed to identify potential radioprotective species and metabolic pathways.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the alpha diversity indices (Sobs, Shannon, Simpson, Ace, and Chao) between the acute radiation injury and control groups. Phylum-level analysis of the RISI microbiomes exhibited significant predominance of Firmicutes (mean abundance = 67%, corrected p = 0.0035). The high abundance of Firmicutes was significantly associated with rapid healing of RISI (average relative abundance = 52%; Kruskal–Wallis: p = 5.7E−4). Among its members, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Acetivibrio ethanolgignens group, Peptostreptococcus, Anaerofilum, and UCG-002 [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 3, p < 0.05] were identified as the core genera of Firmicutes. In addition, Lachnosiraceae and Lactobacillus occupied an important position in the interaction network (r > 0.6, p < 0.05). The differential metabolic pathways of RISI were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism (butanoate and propanoate metabolism), amino acid metabolism (tryptophan and histidine metabolism), energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism (fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis).ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the potential mechanism and skin microbial changes in the progression of RISI. The overwhelming predominance of members of Firmicutes, including Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillus, is potentially related to rapid healing of RISI. The microbiota–metabolite axis plays a critical role in RISI and provides promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of adverse side effects.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Health Benefits and Side Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182863. [PMID: 36140990 PMCID: PMC9498509 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and their metabolites could play an important role in health and diseases of human beings. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly produced by gut microbiome fermentation of dietary fiber and could also be produced by bacteria of the skin and vagina. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are three major SCFAs, and their bioactivities have been widely studied. The SCFAs have many health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. This paper summarizes health benefits and side effects of SCFAs with a special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. This paper provides better support for people eating dietary fiber as well as ways for dietary fiber to be developed into functional food to prevent diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:350-360. [PMID: 35510031 PMCID: PMC9040132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut inflammation is a challenging concern in humans and animals, which disturbs normal growth and leads to severe bowel diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the gut microbiota metabolites produced from fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, and have been reported to modulate gut inflammation. SCFA have been implicated as the potential therapeutic bioactive molecules for gut inflammatory diseases, and could be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). In this review, the existing knowledge about the types of SCFA, the related gut microbes producing SCFA, the roles of SCFA in maintaining gut homeostasis, and how SCFA modulate gut inflammation is summarized. The therapeutic application of SCFA in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is also highlighted.
Collapse
|
14
|
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Energy Homeostasis of Dairy Animals: Exploiting Their Modulation through Nutrigenomic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212463. [PMID: 34830341 PMCID: PMC8619600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the nuclear receptors that could mediate the nutrient-dependent transcriptional activation and regulate metabolic networks through energy homeostasis. However, these receptors cannot work properly under metabolic stress. PPARs and their subtypes can be modulated by nutrigenomic interventions, particularly under stress conditions to restore cellular homeostasis. Many nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, dietary amino acids and phytochemicals have shown their ability for potential activation or inhibition of PPARs. Thus, through different mechanisms, all these nutrients can modulate PPARs and are ultimately helpful to prevent various metabolic disorders, particularly in transition dairy cows. This review aims to provide insights into the crucial role of PPARs in energy metabolism and their potential modulation through nutrigenomic interventions to improve energy homeostasis in dairy animals.
Collapse
|
15
|
High Fat-High Fructose Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut Microbiota Associated with Dyslipidemia in Syrian Hamsters. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113557. [PMID: 33233570 PMCID: PMC7699731 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to characterize the early effects of high fructose diets (with and without high fat) on both the composition of the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters, a reproducible preclinical model of diet-induced dyslipidemia. Methods: Eight-week-old male hamsters were fed diets consisting of high-fat/high-fructose, low-fat/high-fructose or a standard chow diet for 14 days. Stool was collected at baseline (day 0), day 7 and day 14. Fasting levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were monitored on day 0, day 7 and day 14, and nonfasting levels were also assayed on day 15. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples was used to determine gut microbial composition, and predictive metagenomics was performed to evaluate dietary-induced shifts in deduced microbial functions. Results: Both high-fructose diets resulted in divergent gut microbiota composition. A high-fat/high-fructose diet induced the largest shift in overall gut microbial composition, with dramatic shifts in the Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, and changes in beta diversity after just seven days of dietary intervention. Significant associations between genus level taxa and dietary intervention were identified, including an association with Ruminococceace NK4A214 group in high-fat/high-fructose fed animals and an association with Butryimonas with the low-fat/high-fructose diet. High-fat/high-fructose feeding induced dyslipidemia with increases in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and hepatomegaly. Dietary-induced changes in several genus level taxa significantly correlated with lipid levels over the two-week period. Differences in microbial metabolic pathways between high-fat/high-fructose and low-fat/high-fructose diet fed hamsters were identified, and several of these pathways also correlated with lipid profiles in hamsters. Conclusions: The high-fat/high-fructose diet caused shifts in the host gut microbiota. These dietary-induced alterations in gut microbial composition were linked to changes in the production of secondary metabolites, which contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome in the host.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tributyrin Inhibits Ethanol-Induced Epigenetic Repression of CPT-1A and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:569-585. [PMID: 31654770 PMCID: PMC7078548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethanol-mediated down-regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1A) gene expression plays a major role in the development of hepatic steatosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug that can inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, attenuates hepatic steatosis and injury. The present study examined the beneficial effect of tributyrin/butyrate in attenuating ethanol-induced pathogenic epigenetic mechanisms affecting CPT-1A promoter-histone modifications and gene expression and hepatic steatosis/injury. METHODS Mice were fed a liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet (Research Diet Inc, New Brunswick, NJ) with or without ethanol for 4 weeks. In a subset of mice, tributyrin (2 g/kg) was administered orally by gavage. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with 50 mmol/L ethanol and/or 2 mmol/L butyrate. Gene expression and epigenetic modifications at the CPT-1A promoter were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS In vivo, ethanol induced hepatic CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation, which is indicative of a repressive chromatin state, and decreased CPT-1A gene expression. Our data identified HDAC1 as the predominant HDAC causing CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation and epigenetic down-regulation of gene expression. Significantly, Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha (HNF4α) participated in the recruitment of HDAC1 to the proximal and distal regions of CPT-1A promoter, respectively, and mediated transcriptional repression. Importantly, butyrate, a dietary HDAC inhibitor, attenuated ethanol-induced recruitment of HDAC1 and facilitated p300-HAT binding by enabling SP1/p300 interaction at the proximal region and HNF4α/peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α/p300 interactions at the distal region, leading to promoter histone acetylation and enhanced CPT-1A transcription. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies HDAC1-mediated repressive epigenetic mechanisms that underlie an ethanol-mediated decrease in CPT-1A expression. Importantly, tributyrin/butyrate inhibits HDAC1, rescues CPT-1A expression, and attenuates ethanol-mediated hepatic steatosis and injury, suggesting its potential use in therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang P, Zhang H, Wan J, Hu J, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols reduced faecal lipids, calcium contents and altered lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:474-483. [PMID: 30569770 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1541968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerol (sn-2 PTAG) on faecal lipids, calcium excretion and lipid metabolic alternation was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with high-fat diet containing either palm olein (PO, sn-2 palmitic acid (PA) of 14.8%), sn-2 PTAG50 (sn-2 PA of 56.4%) or sn-2 PTAG70 (sn-2 PA of 72.4%), respectively. After 4-week feeding period, SD rats fed with sn-2 PTAGs showed reduced faecal soap fatty acids, neutral lipid and calcium excretion compared to those of PO-fed rats, whereas a significant difference was only observed for the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Moreover, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also showed a significant effect on decreasing serum triacylglycerol (TAG) level, reducing perirenal adipocyte size and regulating lipid metabolism in small intestine and perirenal adipose tissue of SD rats. Significantly increased mRNA levels of genes involved in intestinal lipid anabolism as well as lipid catabolism were both observed in the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Meanwhile, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also significantly up-regulated lipolysis, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis-related gene and protein levels in perirenal adipose tissue, which might be correlated with the reduced perirenal adipocyte size. Taken together, our findings indicated that sn-2 PTAG70 may have some beneficial effects on intestinal lipid utilisation and lipid metabolic activity for energy supply in visceral adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Yang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianchun Wan
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Junchen Liu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing , China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- d Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , ML , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Higashimura Y, Baba Y, Inoue R, Takagi T, Mizushima K, Ohnogi H, Honda A, Matsuzaki Y, Naito Y. Agaro-Oligosaccharides Regulate Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:269-276. [PMID: 28978875 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota are deeply associated with the prevalence of obesity. Agarose is hydrolyzed easily to yield oligosaccharides, designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO). This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University.,Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | | | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Higashimura Y, Baba Y, Inoue R, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Hirai Y, Ushiroda C, Tanaka Y, Naito Y. Effects of molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on intestinal environment in mice. Med Gas Res 2018; 8:6-11. [PMID: 29770190 PMCID: PMC5937304 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.229597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) has various physiological activities such as antioxidative activity. Gut microbiota are deeply associated with our health through a symbiotic relationship. Recent reports have described that most gastrointestinal microbial species encode the genetic capacity to metabolize molecular hydrogen, meaning that molecular hydrogen might affect the gut microbial composition. Nevertheless, AEW effects on gut microbiota remain unknown. This study investigated AEW effects on the intestinal environment in mice, including microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid contents. After mice were administered AEW for 4 weeks, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Organic acid concentrations in cecal contents were measured using an HPLC system. Compared to the control group, AEW administration mice had significantly lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and alanine aminotransferase activity. Organic acid concentrations of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids were higher in AEW-administered mice. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 20 taxa differed significantly in AEW-administered mice. Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AEW-administered mice remains unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AEW administration affects the gut microbial composition and that it has beneficial health effects in terms of cholesterol metabolism and liver protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.,Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghonimy A, Zhang DM, Farouk MH, Wang Q. The Impact of Carnitine on Dietary Fiber and Gut Bacteria Metabolism and Their Mutual Interaction in Monogastrics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1008. [PMID: 29597260 PMCID: PMC5979481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine has vital roles in the endogenous metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It can protect and support gut microbial species, and some dietary fibers can reduce the available iron involved in the bioactivity of carnitine. There is also an antagonistic relationship between high microbial populations and carnitine bioavailability. This review shows the interactions between carnitine and gut microbial composition. It also elucidates the role of carnitine bacterial metabolism, mitochondrial function, fiber fermentability, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ghonimy
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dong Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134000, China.
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lamichane S, Dahal Lamichane B, Kwon SM. Pivotal Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Signal Cascade for Cellular and Whole-Body Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040949. [PMID: 29565812 PMCID: PMC5979443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are important in whole-body energy metabolism. PPARs are classified into three isoforms, namely, PPARα, β/δ, and γ. They are collectively involved in fatty acid oxidation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism throughout the body. Importantly, the three isoforms of PPARs have complementary and distinct metabolic activities for energy balance at a cellular and whole-body level. PPARs also act with other co-regulators to maintain energy homeostasis. When endogenous ligands bind with these receptors, they regulate the transcription of genes involved in energy homeostasis. However, the exact molecular mechanism of PPARs in energy metabolism remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the importance of PPAR signals in multiple organs and focus on the pivotal roles of PPAR signals in cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreekrishna Lamichane
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Babita Dahal Lamichane
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Si X, Shang W, Zhou Z, Shui G, Lam SM, Blanchard C, Strappe P. Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Enriched Rice Bran Diet Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Balances Energy Expenditure via Modification of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:881-890. [PMID: 29327584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enriched rice bran (ERB) was supplemented to obese rats to investigate the attenuation of metabolic syndromes induced by high-fat diet. ERB-containing diet stimulated butyrate and propionate production by promoting Anaerostipes, Anaerostipes sp., and associated synthesizing enzymes. This altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) distribution further enhanced circulatory levels of leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1, controlling food intake by downregulating orexigenic factors. Together with the enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation highlighted by Prkaa2, Ppara, and Scd1 expression via AMPK signaling pathway and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathway, energy expenditure was positively modulated. Serum lipid compositions showed ERB supplement exhibited a more efficient effect on lowering serum sphingolipids, which was closely associated with the status of insulin resistance. Consistently, genes of Ppp2r3b and Prkcg, involved in the function of ceramides in blocking insulin action, were also downregulated following ERB intervention. Enriched GABA and phenolic acids were supposed to be responsible for the health-beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Si
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chris Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Queensland 4700, Australia
| |
Collapse
|