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Huang YH, Yoon CH, Gandhi A, Hanley T, Castrillon C, Kondo Y, Lin X, Kim W, Yang C, Driouchi A, Carroll M, Gray-Owen SD, Wesemann DR, Drake CG, Bertagnolli MM, Beauchemin N, Blumberg RS. High-dimensional mapping of human CEACAM1 expression on immune cells and association with melanoma drug resistance. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:128. [PMID: 38956268 PMCID: PMC11219841 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an inhibitory cell surface protein that functions through homophilic and heterophilic ligand binding. Its expression on immune cells in human tumors is poorly understood. METHODS An antibody that distinguishes human CEACAM1 from other highly related CEACAM family members was labeled with 159Tb and inserted into a panel of antibodies that included specificity for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and PD-L1, which are targets of immunotherapy, to gain a data-driven immune cell atlas using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). A detailed inventory of CEACAM1, PD1, and PD-L1 expression on immune cells in metastatic lesions to lymph node or soft tissues and peripheral blood samples from patients with treatment-naive and -resistant melanoma as well as peripheral blood samples from healthy controls was performed. RESULTS CEACAM1 is absent or at low levels on healthy circulating immune cells but is increased on immune cells in peripheral blood and tumors of melanoma patients. The majority of circulating PD1-positive NK cells, innate T cells, B cells, monocytic cells, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T cells in the peripheral circulation of treatment-resistant disease co-express CEACAM1 and are demonstrable as discrete populations. CEACAM1 is present on distinct types of cells that are unique to the tumor microenvironment and exhibit expression levels that are highest in treatment resistance; this includes tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive atlas of CEACAM1 expression on immune cells in a human tumor and reveals an important correlation with treatment-resistant disease. These studies suggest that agents targeting CEACAM1 may represent appropriate partners for PD1-related pathway therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hwa Huang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Hanley
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Castrillon
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amine Driouchi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Duane R Wesemann
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Janssen R&D, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | - Monica M Bertagnolli
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chean J, Chen CJ, Gugiu G, Wong P, Cha S, Li H, Nguyen T, Bhatticharya S, Shively JE. Human CEACAM1-LF regulates lipid storage in HepG2 cells via fatty acid transporter CD36. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101311. [PMID: 34666041 PMCID: PMC8577156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is expressed in the liver and secreted as biliary glycoprotein 1 (BGP1) via bile canaliculi (BCs). CEACAM1-LF is a 72 amino acid cytoplasmic domain mRNA splice isoform with two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). Ceacam1−/− or Ser503Ala transgenic mice have been shown to develop insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the role of the human equivalent residue, Ser508, in lipid dysregulation is unknown. Human HepG2 hepatocytes that express CEACAM1 and form BC in vitro were compared with CEACAM1−/− cells and CEACAM1−/− cells expressing Ser508Ala null or Ser508Asp phosphorylation mimic mutations or to phosphorylation null mutations in the tyrosine ITIMs known to be phosphorylated by the tyrosine kinase Src. CEACAM1−/− cells and the Ser508Asp and Tyr520Phe mutants strongly retained lipids, while Ser508Ala and Tyr493Phe mutants had low lipid levels compared with wild-type cells, indicating that the ITIM mutants phenocopied the Ser508 mutants. We found that the fatty acid transporter CD36 was upregulated in the S508A mutant, coexpressed in BCs with CEACAM1, co-IPed with CEACAM1 and Src, and when downregulated via RNAi, an increase in lipid droplet content was observed. Nuclear translocation of CD36 associated kinase LKB1 was increased sevenfold in the S508A mutant versus CEACAM1−/− cells and correlated with increased activation of CD36-associated kinase AMPK in CEACAM1−/− cells. Thus, while CEACAM1−/− HepG2 cells upregulate lipid storage similar to Ceacam1−/− in murine liver, the null mutation Ser508Ala led to decreased lipid storage, emphasizing evolutionary changes between the CEACAM1 genes in mouse and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chean
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Charng-Jui Chen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Gugiu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Patty Wong
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Seung Cha
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Harry Li
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Supriyo Bhatticharya
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
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Hu W, Bagramyan K, Bhatticharya S, Hong T, Tapia A, Wong P, Kalkum M, Shively JE. Phosphorylation of human CEACAM1-LF by PKA and GSK3β promotes its interaction with β-catenin. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101305. [PMID: 34656562 PMCID: PMC8564729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1-LF, a homotypic cell adhesion adhesion molecule, transduces intracellular signals via a 72 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and a binding site for β-catenin. Phosphorylation of Ser503 by PKC in rodent CEACAM1 was shown to affect bile acid transport or hepatosteatosis via the level of ITIM phosphorylation, but the phosphorylation of the equivalent residue in human CEACAM1 (Ser508) was unclear. Here we studied this analogous phosphorylation by NMR analysis of the 15N labeled cytoplasmic domain peptide. Incubation with a variety of Ser/Thr kinases revealed phosphorylation of Ser508 by GSK3bβ but not by PKC. The lack of phosphorylation by PKC is likely due to evolutionary sequence changes between the rodent and human genes. Phosphorylation site assignment by mass spectrometry and NMR revealed phosphorylation of Ser472, Ser461 and Ser512 by PKA, of which Ser512 is part of a conserved consensus site for GSK3β binding. We showed here that only after phosphorylation of Ser512 by PKA was GSK3β able to phosphorylate Ser508. Phosphorylation of Ser512 by PKA promoted a tight association with the armadillo repeat domain of β-catenin at an extended region spanning the ITIMs of CEACAM1. The kinetics of phosphorylation of the ITIMs by Src, as well dephosphorylation by SHP2, were affected by the presence of Ser508/512 phosphorylation, suggesting that PKA and GSK3β may regulate the signal transduction activity of human CEACAM1-LF. The interaction of CEACAM1-LF with β-catenin promoted by PKA is suggestive of a tight association between the two ITIMs of CEACAM1-LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Hu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Karine Bagramyan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Supriyo Bhatticharya
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Teresa Hong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Patty Wong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
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Size Matters: The Functional Role of the CEACAM1 Isoform Signature and Its Impact for NK Cell-Mediated Killing in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030356. [PMID: 30871206 PMCID: PMC6468645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment resistant type of skin cancer. It is characterized by continuously rising incidence and high mortality rate due to its high metastatic potential. Various types of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in tumor progression in melanoma. One of these, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), is a multi-functional receptor protein potentially expressed in epithelia, endothelia, and leukocytes. CEACAM1 often appears in four isoforms differing in the length of their extracellular and intracellular domains. Both the CEACAM1 expression in general, and the ratio of the expressed CEACAM1 splice variants appear very dynamic. They depend on both the cell activation stage and the cell growth phase. Interestingly, normal melanocytes are negative for CEACAM1, while melanomas often show high expression. As a cell–cell communication molecule, CEACAM1 mediates the direct interaction between tumor and immune cells. In the tumor cell this interaction leads to functional inhibitions, and indirectly to decreased cancer cell immunogenicity by down-regulation of ligands of the NKG2D receptor. On natural killer (NK) cells it inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolysis and signaling. This review focuses on novel mechanistic insights into CEACAM1 isoforms for NK cell-mediated immune escape mechanisms in melanoma, and their clinical relevance in patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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Horst AK, Najjar SM, Wagener C, Tiegs G. CEACAM1 in Liver Injury, Metabolic and Immune Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103110. [PMID: 30314283 PMCID: PMC6213298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. CEACAM1 is a differentiation antigen involved in the maintenance of epithelial polarity that is induced during hepatocyte differentiation and liver regeneration. CEACAM1 regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance, and controls liver tolerance and mucosal immunity. Obese insulin-resistant humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease manifest loss of hepatic CEACAM1. In mice, deletion or functional inactivation of CEACAM1 impairs insulin clearance and compromises metabolic homeostasis which initiates the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with other features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and adipogenesis in white adipose depot. This is followed by inflammation and endothelial and cardiovascular dysfunctions. In obstructive and inflammatory liver diseases, soluble CEACAM1 is shed into human bile where it can serve as an indicator of liver disease. On immune cells, CEACAM1 acts as an immune checkpoint regulator, and deletion of Ceacam1 gene in mice causes exacerbation of inflammation and hyperactivation of myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Hence, hepatic CEACAM1 resides at the central hub of immune and metabolic homeostasis in both humans and mice. This review focuses on the regulatory role of CEACAM1 in liver and biliary tract architecture in health and disease, and on its metabolic role and function as an immune checkpoint regulator of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Irvine Hall, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
| | - Christoph Wagener
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Ghavampour S, Kleefeldt F, Bömmel H, Volland J, Paus A, Horst A, Pfeiffer V, Hübner S, Wagner N, Rueckschloss U, Ergün S. Endothelial barrier function is differentially regulated by CEACAM1-mediated signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:5612-5625. [PMID: 29746166 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800331r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is known to be crucial to vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Recently, CEACAM1 deficiency was shown to result in the formation of aortic plaque-like lesions, indicating a role for CEACAM1 in adult vessels as well. The underlying mechanisms remained largely elusive. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of CEACAM1 in endothelial homeostasis. Here, we show that CEACAM1 deficiency causes subcellular eNOS redistribution in endothelial cells ( i.e., by eNOS depalmitoylation) and alters endothelial glycocalyx that confers antiadhesive properties to the endothelium ( i.e., by repression of glycocalyx-degrading enzymes). Accordingly, our analysis revealed an increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction in CEACAM1-deficient endothelium. In addition, CEACAM1 age dependently modulated basal and TNF-α-mediated endothelial barrier (EB) leakiness. In younger mice, CEACAM1 was protective for EB, whereas in aged mice it promoted EB leakiness. EB function depends on interendothelial adherence junctions formed by β-catenin/vascular endothelial-cadherin complexes. We show here that CEACAM1 influenced basal and TNF-α-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin and caveolin-1, which are essential players in EB modulation. Both increased adhesiveness to leukocytes and EB modulation due to CEACAM1 deficiency may facilitate inflammatory cell transmigration into the vascular wall and subsequent plaque formation. Collectively, these results identify a crucial role for CEACAM1 in endothelial homeostasis of adult blood vessels.-Ghavampour, S., Kleefeldt, F., Bömmel, H., Volland, J., Paus, A., Horst, A., Pfeiffer, V., Hübner, S., Wagner, N., Rueckschloss, U., Ergün, S. Endothelial barrier function is differentially regulated by CEACAM1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharang Ghavampour
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bömmel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Volland
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Paus
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Andrea Horst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic pathways are associated with lymphedema caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. Hum Genomics 2017; 11:26. [PMID: 29122006 PMCID: PMC5679374 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-017-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphedema (LE) is a chronic clinical manifestation of filarial nematode infections characterized by lymphatic dysfunction and subsequent accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial space—lymphatic filariasis. A number of studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with primary and secondary LE. To assess SNPs associated with LE caused by lymphatic filariasis, a cross-sectional study of unrelated Ghanaian volunteers was designed to genotype SNPs in 285 LE patients as cases and 682 infected patients without pathology as controls. One hundred thirty-one SNPs in 64 genes were genotyped. The genes were selected based on their roles in inflammatory processes, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, and cell differentiation during tumorigenesis. Results Genetic associations with nominal significance were identified for five SNPs in three genes: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) rs75614493, two SNPs in matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) rs1030868 and rs2241145, and two SNPs in carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1) rs8110904 and rs8111171. Pathway analysis revealed an interplay of genes in the angiogenic/lymphangiogenic pathways. Plasma levels of both MMP-2 and CEACAM-1 were significantly higher in LE cases compared to controls. Functional characterization of the associated SNPs identified genotype GG of CEACAM-1 as the variant influencing the expression of plasma concentration, a novel finding observed in this study. Conclusion The SNP associations found in the MMP-2, CEACAM-1, and VEGFR-3 genes indicate that angiogenic/lymphangiogenic pathways are important in LE clinical development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-017-0121-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cytoplasmic and Nuclear TAZ Exert Distinct Functions in Regulating Primed Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:732-741. [PMID: 28844657 PMCID: PMC5599246 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are primed pluripotent stem cells whose self-renewal can be maintained through cytoplasmic stabilization and retention of β-catenin. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that cytoplasmic β-catenin interacts with and retains TAZ, a Hippo pathway effector, in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic retention of TAZ promotes mEpiSC self-renewal in the absence of nuclear β-catenin, whereas nuclear translocation of TAZ induces mEpiSC differentiation. TAZ is dispensable for naive mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal but required for the proper conversion of mESCs to mEpiSCs. The self-renewal of hESCs, like that of mEpiSCs, can also be maintained through the cytoplasmic retention of β-catenin and TAZ. Our study indicates that how TAZ regulates cell fate depends on not only the cell type but also its subcellular localization. TAZ is a binding partner of cytoplasmic β-catenin TAZ is essential for the conversion of mESCs to mEpiSCs Cytoplasmic retention of TAZ promotes mEpiSC and hESC self-renewal Nuclear translocation of TAZ induces mEpiSC and hESC differentiation
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Zhou M, Jin Z, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Hu J, Cui L, Gao F, Cao M. Up-regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in gastrointestinal cancer and its clinical relevance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:737-743. [PMID: 28655144 PMCID: PMC7109844 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is dysregulated in various malignant tumors and has been associated with tumor progression. However, the expression and regulatory mechanisms of serum CEACAM1 in gastrointestinal cancer are still unclear. The expression ratio of the CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S isoforms has seldom been investigated in gastrointestinal cancer. In this study, we intended to explore the expression and diagnostic value of CEACAM1 in gastrointestinal cancer. Serum CEACAM1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression and distribution of CEACAM1 in tumors were examined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression patterns and ratio of CEACAM1-L/S were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that serum CEACAM1 levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls. CEACAM1 was found in secreted forms within the neoplastic glands, and its expression was more intense at the tumor invasion front. The CEACAM1-L/S (L:S) ratios were up-regulated during tumorigenesis. Our data suggest that the serum level of CEACAM1 may be used to discriminate gastrointestinal cancer patients from health controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingzhi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lian Cui
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64369181; E-mail: (F.G.)/Tel: +86-21-64368564; E-mail: (M.C.)
| | - Manlin Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-64369181; E-mail: (F.G.)/Tel: +86-21-64368564; E-mail: (M.C.)
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Zimmermann W, Kammerer R. Coevolution of paired receptors in Xenopus carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule families suggests appropriation as pathogen receptors. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:928. [PMID: 27852220 PMCID: PMC5112662 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, CEACAM1 and closely related members represent paired receptors with similar extracellular ligand-binding regions and cytoplasmic domains with opposing functions. Human CEACAM1 and CEACAM3 which have inhibitory ITIM/ITSM and activating ITAM-like motifs, respectively, in their cytoplasmic regions are such paired receptors. Various bacterial pathogens bind to CEACAM1 on epithelial and immune cells facilitating both entry into the host and down-regulation of the immune response whereas interaction with granulocyte-specific CEACAM3 leads to their uptake and destruction. It is unclear whether paired CEACAM receptors also exist in other vertebrate clades. Results We identified more than 80 ceacam genes in Xenopus tropicalis and X. laevis. They consist of two subgroups containing one or two putative paired receptor pairs each. Analysis of genomic sequences of paired receptors provide evidence that their highly similar ligand binding domains were adjusted by recent gene conversion events. In contrast, selection for diversification is observed among inhibitory receptor orthologs of the two frogs which split some 60 million years ago. The allotetraploid X. laevis arose later by hybridization of two closely related species. Interestingly, despite the conservation of the genomic landscape surrounding the homeologous ceacam loci only one locus resembles the one found in X. tropicalis. From the second X. laevis locus more than 80 % of the ceacam genes were lost including 5 of the 6 paired receptor genes. This suggests that once the gene for one of the paired receptors is lost the remaining gene cluster degrades rapidly probably due to lack of selection pressure exerted by pathogens. Conclusions The presence of paired receptors and selection for diversification suggests that also in amphibians CEACAM1-related inhibitory proteins are or were used as pathogen receptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3279-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, University Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Urology, University Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Florian W, Lenfert E, Gerstel D, von Ehrenstein L, Einhoff J, Schmidt G, Logsdon M, Brandner J, Tiegs G, Beauchemin N, Wagener C, Deppert W, Horst AK. CEACAM1 controls the EMT switch in murine mammary carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:63730-63746. [PMID: 27572314 PMCID: PMC5325399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the molecular basis for carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1)-controlled inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a mouse model for mammary adenocarcinoma (WAP-T mice). We demonstrate that silencing of CEACAM1 in WAP-T tumor-derived G-2 cells induces epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), as evidenced by typical changes of gene expression, morphology and increased invasion. In contrast, reintroduction of CEACAM1 into G-2 cells reversed up-regulation of genes imposing mesenchymal transition, as well as cellular invasion. We identified the Wnt-pathway as target for CEACAM1-mediated repression of EMT. Importantly, β-catenin phosphorylation status and transcriptional activity strongly depend on CEACAM1 expression: CEACAM1high G-2 cells displayed enhanced phosphorylation of β-catenin at S33/S37/T41 and decreased phosphorylation at Y86, thereby inhibiting canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We identified Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) as a critical binding partner of CEACAM1 that could modulate β-catenin Y86 phosphorylation. Hence, CEACAM1 serves as a scaffold that controls membrane proximal β-catenin signaling. In vivo, mammary tumors of WAP-T/CEACAM1null mice displayed increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and a dramatically enhanced metastasis rate compared to WAP-T mice. Hence, CEACAM1 controls EMT in vitro and in vivo by site-specific regulation of β-catenin phosphorylation. Survival analyses of human mammary carcinoma patients corroborated these data, indicating that CEACAM1 is a prognostic marker for breast cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegwitz Florian
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center-Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lenfert
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center-Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Gerstel
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena von Ehrenstein
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center-Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Einhoff
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center-Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Geske Schmidt
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Logsdon
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Brandner
- Dermatology and Venerology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Deppert
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center-Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kristina Horst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Wang K, Li N, Yeung CH, Cooper TG, Liu XX, Liu J, Wang WT, Li Y, Shi H, Liu FJ. Comparison of gene expression of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components in the mouse and human epididymis. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:1006-11. [PMID: 26228040 PMCID: PMC4814947 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.157396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is an integral part of the Wnt signaling pathway and has been linked to tumorigenesis and multiple developmental processes. The high β-catenin expression with low tumor incidence in the human epididymis is thus intriguing. In the present study, the β-catenin gene and protein was found to be highly expressed in the murine caput epididymidis, and the protein mainly localized along the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells throughout both human and mouse epididymides. Furthermore, the adult mouse epididymis was found to express almost all the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes that were determined previously by our group in the human organ. Despite the differences in epididymal structure, the similar location of β-catenin and the high concordance of this pathway's components’ gene expression in both the adult human and mouse epididymides make the mouse a suitable animal model for studying the anti-tumor mechanism of the epididymis. In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin shared a similar spatial expression as the mRNA of Ros1, a proto-oncogene and a key developmental regulator of the initial segment of the mouse epididymis. The observations on the parallel temporal expression of β-catenin and Ros1 during postnatal development raise the possibility that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has an additional role in the postnatal development of mouse epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University; Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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13
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Nguyen T, Shively JE. Induction of Lumen Formation in a Three-dimensional Model of Mammary Morphogenesis by Transcriptional Regulator ID4: ROLE OF CaMK2D IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ID4 GENE EXPRESSION. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16766-76. [PMID: 27302061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Concomitant loss of lumen formation and cell adhesion protein CEACAM1 is a hallmark feature of breast cancer. In a three-dimensional culture model, transfection of CEACAM1 into MCF7 breast cells can restore lumen formation by an unknown mechanism. ID4, a transcriptional regulator lacking a DNA binding domain, is highly up-regulated in CEACAM1-transfected MCF7 cells, and when down-regulated with RNAi, abrogates lumen formation. Conversely, when MCF7 cells, which fail to form lumena in a three-dimensional culture, are transfected with ID4, lumen formation is restored, demonstrating that ID4 may substitute for CEACAM1. After showing the ID4 promoter is hypermethylated in MCF7 cells but hypomethylated in MCF/CEACAM1 cells, ID4 expression was induced in MCF7 cells by agents affecting chromatin remodeling and methylation. Mechanistically, CaMK2D was up-regulated in CEACAM1-transfected cells, effecting phosphorylation of HDAC4 and its sequestration in the cytoplasm by the adaptor protein 14-3-3. CaMK2D also phosphorylates CEACAM1 on its cytoplasmic domain and mutation of these phosphorylation sites abrogates lumen formation. Thus, CEACAM1 is able to maintain the active transcription of ID4 by an epigenetic mechanism involving HDAC4 and CaMK2D, and the same kinase enables lumen formation by CEACAM1. Because ID4 can replace CEACAM1 in parental MCF7 cells, it must act downstream from CEACAM1 by inhibiting the activity of other transcription factors that would otherwise prevent lumen formation. This overall mechanism may be operative in other cancers, such as colon and prostate, where the down-regulation of CEACAM1 is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen
- From the Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - John E Shively
- From the Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
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14
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Ma C, Shuai B, Shen L, Yang YP, Xu XJ, Li CG. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 level in postmenopausal women: correlation with β-catenin and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1529-1535. [PMID: 26572758 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many epidemiological studies have shown that in some tumors carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) and β-catenin appear to be related. However, it remains to be established whether CEACAM1 is related to β-catenin in osteoporosis. Here, we reveal that CEACAM1 might influence the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway to modulate bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to assess the serum level of CEACAM1 in postmenopausal women and its correlation with β-catenin and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS The BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) or the femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum CEACAM1, β-catenin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), β-isomerized C-terminal crosslinking of type I collagen (β-CTX), intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), estradiol, and insulin were measured in 350 postmenopausal women. Patients were divided according to lumbar spine or femur neck T-scores into osteoporosis (group I), osteopenia (group II), and normal bone mineral density, the latter serving as control. RESULTS Serum CEACAM1 levels were significantly lower in group I and II compared to those in control subjects (P < 0.001). Serum CEACAM1 levels correlated positively with β-catenin and BMD, but correlated negatively to the ratio between RANKL and OPG. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that decreased serum CEACAM1 levels are related to low BMD in postmenopausal women, and that serum CEACAM1 levels correlated positively to β-catenin. It suggests that CEACAM1 might influence the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway to modulate bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - B Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - L Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Y P Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - X J Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - C G Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
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15
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Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg I, Zamlin B, Sapoznik S, Greenberg E, Barshack I, Avivi C, Feiler Y, Zan-Bar I, Besser MJ, Azizi E, Eitan F, Schachter J, Markel G. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma cell growth through Sox-2. Neoplasia 2014; 16:451-60. [PMID: 24931667 PMCID: PMC4198694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in melanoma was demonstrated more than a decade ago as superior to Breslow score. We have previously shown that intercellular homophilic CEACAM1 interactions protect melanoma cells from lymphocyte-mediated elimination. Here, we study the direct effects of CEACAM1 on melanoma cell biology. By employing tissue microarrays and low-passage primary cultures of metastatic melanoma, we show that CEACAM1 expression gradually increases from nevi to metastatic specimens, with a strong dominance of the CEACAM1-Long tail splice variant. Using experimental systems of CEACAM1 knockdown and overexpression of selective variants or truncation mutants, we prove that only the full-length long tail variant enhances melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not reversed with a CEACAM1-blocking antibody, suggesting that it is not mediated by intercellular homophilic interactions. Downstream, CEACAM1-Long increases the expression of Sox-2, which we show to be responsible for the CEACAM1-mediated enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the CEACAM1 promoter reveals two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly enhance the promoter's activity compared with the consensus nucleotides. Importantly, case-control genetic SNP analysis of 134 patients with melanoma and matched healthy donors show that patients with melanoma do not exhibit the Hardy-Weinberg balance and that homozygous SNP genotype enhances the hazard ratio to develop melanoma by 35%. These observations shed new mechanistic light on the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma, forming the basis for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilanit Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Zamlin
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Sapoznik
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Zan-Bar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Friedman Eitan
- The Susanne-Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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16
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Najjar SM, Ledford KJ, Abdallah SL, Paus A, Russo L, Kaw MK, Ramakrishnan SK, Muturi HT, Raphael CK, Lester SG, Heinrich G, Pierre SV, Benndorf R, Kleff V, Jaffa AA, Lévy E, Vazquez G, Goldberg IJ, Beauchemin N, Scalia R, Ergün S. Ceacam1 deletion causes vascular alterations in large vessels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E519-29. [PMID: 23800882 PMCID: PMC3891225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00266.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) promotes hepatic insulin clearance and endothelial survival. However, its role in the morphology of macrovessels remains unknown. Mice lacking Ceacam1 (Cc1-/-) exhibit hyperinsulinemia, which causes insulin resistance and fatty liver. With increasing evidence of an association among hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis, we investigated whether Cc1-/- exhibited vascular lesions in atherogenic-prone aortae. Histological analysis revealed impaired endothelial integrity with restricted fat deposition and aortic plaque-like lesions in Cc1-/- aortae, likely owing to their limited lipidemia. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated macrophage deposition, and in vitro studies showed increased leukocyte adhesion to aortic wall, mediated in part by elevation in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 levels. Basal aortic eNOS protein and NO content were reduced, in parallel with reduced Akt/eNOS and Akt/Foxo1 phosphorylation. Ligand-induced vasorelaxation was compromised in aortic rings. Increased NADPH oxidase activity and plasma 8-isoprostane levels revealed oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in Cc1-/- aortae. siRNA-mediated CEACAM1 knockdown in bovine aortic endothelial cells adversely affected insulin's stimulation of IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS activation by increasing IRS-1 binding to SHP2 phosphatase. This demonstrates that CEACAM1 regulates both endothelial cell autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms involved in vascular morphology and NO production in aortae. Systemic factors such as hyperinsulinemia could contribute to the pathogenesis of these vascular abnormalities. Cc1-/- mice provide a first in vivo demonstration of distinct CEACAM1-dependent hepatic insulin clearance linking hepatic to macrovascular abnormalities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/immunology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/chemistry
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/immunology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio
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17
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Beauchemin N, Arabzadeh A. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:643-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Prager S, Singer BB, Bendix I, Schlager GW, Bertling F, Ceylan B, Keller M, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Ergün S. CEACAM1 expression in oligodendrocytes of the developing rat brain shows a spatiotemporal relation to myelination and is altered in a model of encephalopathy of prematurity. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:226-40. [PMID: 23651919 DOI: 10.1159/000348436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is the founder molecule of the family of 'carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules' and part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Due to its role as a coreceptor to many other receptors (e.g. Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4, T-cell receptor, B-cell receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) and its different isoforms, CEACAM1 is a multifunctional protein with an impact on proliferation and differentiation of multiple cell types. Although different modes of action in other tissues are described, the role of CEACAM1 in the developing brain remains elusive. Here we report for the first time that CEACAM1 is expressed ontogenetically in oligodendrocytes of the developing rat brain, and that CEACAM1 expression has a spatiotemporal relation to myelination. In addition, CEACAM1 expression is altered in a model of hyperoxia- and inflammation-induced encephalopathy of prematurity, a myelination disorder of children born preterm. Furthermore, primary oligodendrocytes stimulated with CEACAM1 show increased myelination. Therefore, we postulate that CEACAM1 is, at least in part, involved in hyperoxia- and inflammation-induced disruption of myelination, but may also play a role in intact myelination as it is ontogenetically expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Prager
- Department of Pediatrics 1, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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19
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Li Y, Shively JE. CEACAM1 regulates Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells via its interaction with β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1061-72. [PMID: 23499736 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion molecule 1), an activation induced cell surface marker of T-cells, modulates the T-cell immune response by inhibition of the T-cell and IL-2 receptors. Since T-cells undergo activation induced cell death via Fas activation, it was of interest to determine if this pathway was also affected by CEACAM1. Previously, we identified a novel biochemical interaction between CEACAM1 and the armadillo repeats of β-catenin in Jurkat cells, in which two critical residues, H469 and K470 of the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1-4L played an essential role; while in other studies, β-catenin was shown to regulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. CEACAM1 expression in Jurkat cells leads to the re-distribution of β-catenin to the actin cytoskeleton as well as inhibition of β-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and its degradation after Fas stimulation. As a result, Fas-mediated apoptosis in these cells was inhibited. The K470A mutation of CEACAM1 partially rescued the inhibitory effect, in agreement with the prediction that a CEACAM1-β-catenin interaction pathway is involved. Although CEACAM1 has two ITIMs, they were not tyrosine-phosphorylated upon Fas ligation, indicating an ITIM independent mechanism; however, mutation of the critical residue S508, located between the ITIMs, to aspartic acid and a prerequisite for ITIM activation, abrogates the inhibitory activity of CEACAM1 to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Since Fas-mediated apoptosis is a major form of activation-induced cell death, our finding supports the idea that CEACAM1 is a general inhibitory molecule for T-cell activation utilizing a variety of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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20
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Samineni S, Zhang Z, Shively JE. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 negatively regulates granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by breast tumor-associated macrophages that mediate tumor angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:394-407. [PMID: 23319418 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a cell adhesion molecule expressed on epithelial cells and activated immune cells, is downregulated in many cancers and plays a role in inhibition of inflammation in part by inhibition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production by myeloid cells. As macrophages are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer, but play important roles in normal breast, we hypothesized that CEACAM1 downregulation would lead to tumor promotion under inflammatory conditions. Cocultures of proinflammatory M1 macrophages with CEACAM1 negative MCF7 breast cells produced high levels of G-CSF (10 ng/mL) compared to CEACAM1-transfected MCF7/4S cells (1 ng/mL) or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage cocultures (0.5 or 0.1 ng/mL, MCF7 or MCF7/4S, respectively). The expression of CEACAM1 on M1s was much greater than for M2s and was observed only in cocultures with either MCF7 or MCF7/4S cells. When M1 macrophages were mixed with MCF7 cells and implanted in murine mammary fat pads of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, tumor size and blood vessel density were significantly greater than MCF7 or MCF7/4S only tumors which were hardly detected after 8 weeks of growth. In contrast, M1 cells had a much reduced effect on MCF7/4S tumor growth and blood vessel density, indicating that the tumor inhibitory effect of CEACAM1 is most likely related to its anti-inflammatory action on inflammatory macrophages. These results support our previous finding that CEACAM1 inhibits both G-CSF production by myeloid cells and G-CSF-stimulated tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Samineni
- City of Hope Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
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21
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Wang K, Li N, Yeung C, Li J, Wang H, Cooper T. Oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways in the cancer-resistant epididymis have implications for cancer research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:57-71. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Angiopoietins-1 and -2 play opposing roles in endothelial sprouting of embryoid bodies in 3D culture and their receptor Tie-2 associates with the cell-cell adhesion molecule PECAM1. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2171-82. [PMID: 21723278 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietins 1 and 2, ligands for the receptor kinase Tie-2, have been proposed to play critical but opposing roles in vascular development. Since signaling by Tie-2 is likely affected by other endothelial cell receptors such as Flk-1, the receptor for VEGF, and cell-cell adhesion receptors PECAM1 and VE-cad, we explored their interactions in a 3D model of vasculogenesis. When murine embryoid bodies (EBs) were treated with VEGF in Matrigel in the presence or absence of Ang-1 or Ang-2 for eight days, Ang-1 abrogated vascular sprouting for treatments started at days 0 or 3. In contrast, Ang-2 greatly accelerated vascular sprouting compared to untreated EBs. These results were confirmed in a second model system where VEGF treated HUVECs were grown in Matrigel in the presence or absence of Ang-1 or Ang-2. Since vascular sprouting must be precisely controlled in the developing embryo, it is likely that cell-cell adhesion molecules play a role in sensing the density of vascular sprouts. In this respect, we have shown that PECAM1 and CEACAM1 play essential roles in vascular sprouting. We now show that PECAM1 is associated with Tie-2, becomes phosphorylated on its ITIMs, and recruits the inhibitory phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. In addition, PECAM1 is associated with VE-cad and may similarly regulate its signaling via recruitment of SHP-1/2.
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Fiset A, Xu E, Bergeron S, Marette A, Pelletier G, Siminovitch KA, Olivier M, Beauchemin N, Faure RL. Compartmentalized CDK2 is connected with SHP-1 and β-catenin and regulates insulin internalization. Cell Signal 2011; 23:911-9. [PMID: 21262353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependant kinase Cdk2 is compartmentalized in endosomes but its role is poorly understood. Here we show that Cdk2 present in hepatic endosome fractions is strictly located in a Triton X-100-resistant environment. The endosomal Cdk2 was found to be associated with the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a regulator of insulin clearance, and the actin anchor β-catenin, a known substrate for both Cdk2 and SHP-1. In the plasma membranes and endosome fractions, β-catenin is associated with CEACAM1, also known as regulator of insulin clearance. We show that β-catenin, not CEACAM1, is a substrate for Cdk2. Partial down-modulation of Cdk2 in HEK293 cells increased the rate of insulin internalization. These findings reveal that Cdk2 functions, at least in part, via a Cdk2/SHP-1/β-catenin/CEACAM1 axis, and show for the first time that Cdk2 has the capacity to regulate insulin internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Fiset
- Department of Pediatrics, CHUL-CRCHUQ, Quebec, PQ, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Generation of human CEACAM1 transgenic mice and binding of Neisseria Opa protein to their neutrophils. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10067. [PMID: 20404914 PMCID: PMC2852402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CEACAM1 is a cell-cell adhesion molecule with multiple functions including insulin clearance in the liver, vasculogenesis in endothelial cells, lumen formation in the mammary gland, and binding of certain human pathogens. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three genomic BAC clones containing the human CEACAM1 gene were microinjected into pronuclei of fertilized FVB mouse oocytes. The embryos were implanted in the oviducts of pseudopregnant females and allowed to develop to term. DNA from newborn mice was evaluated by PCR for the presence of the human CEACAM1 gene. Feces of the PCR positive offspring screened for expression of human CEACAM1. Using this assay, one out of five PCR positive lines was positive for human CEACAM1 expression and showed stable transmission to the F1 generation with the expected transmission frequency (0.5) for heterozygotes. Liver, lung, intestine, kidney, mammary gland, and prostate were strongly positive for the dual expression of both murine and human CEACAM1 and mimic that seen in human tissue. Peripheral blood and bone marrow granulocytes stained strongly for human CEACAM1 and bound Neisseria Opa proteins similar to that in human neutrophils. CONCLUSION These transgenic animals may serve as a model for the binding of human pathogens to human CEACAM1.
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Kammerer R, Zimmermann W. Coevolution of activating and inhibitory receptors within mammalian carcinoembryonic antigen families. BMC Biol 2010; 8:12. [PMID: 20132533 PMCID: PMC2832619 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most rapidly evolving gene families are involved in immune responses and reproduction, two biological functions which have been assigned to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. To gain insights into evolutionary forces shaping the CEA gene family we have analysed this gene family in 27 mammalian species including monotreme and marsupial lineages. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis provided convincing evidence that the primordial CEA gene family in mammals consisted of five genes, including the immune inhibitory receptor-encoding CEACAM1 (CEA-related cell adhesion molecule) ancestor. Our analysis of the substitution rates within the nucleotide sequence which codes for the ligand binding domain of CEACAM1 indicates that the selection for diversification is, perhaps, a consequence of the exploitation of CEACAM1 by a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens as their cellular receptor. Depending on the extent of the amplification of an ancestral CEACAM1, the number of CEACAM1-related genes varies considerably between mammalian species from less than five in lagomorphs to more than 100 in bats. In most analysed species, ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) or ITAM-like motif-containing proteins exist which contain Ig-V-like, ligand binding domains closely related to that of CEACAM1. Human CEACAM3 is one such protein which can function as a CEACAM1 decoy receptor in granulocytes by mediating the uptake and destruction of specific bacterial pathogens via its ITAM-like motif. The close relationship between CEACAM1 and its ITAM-encoding relatives appears to be maintained by gene conversion and reciprocal recombination. Surprisingly, secreted CEACAMs resembling immunomodulatory CEACAM1-related trophoblast-specific pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) found in humans and rodents evolved only in a limited set of mammals. The appearance of PSG-like genes correlates with invasive trophoblast growth in these species. CONCLUSIONS These phylogenetic studies provide evidence that pathogen/host coevolution and a possible participation in fetal-maternal conflict processes led to a highly species-specific diversity of mammalian CEA gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kammerer
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, LIFE Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 23, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Dupasquier S, Abdel-Samad R, Glazer RI, Bastide P, Jay P, Joubert D, Cavaillès V, Blache P, Quittau-Prévostel C. A new mechanism of SOX9 action to regulate PKCalpha expression in the intestine epithelium. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2191-6. [PMID: 19509063 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.036483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations of protein kinase C (PKC) expression greatly influence the proliferation-to-differentiation transition (PDT) of intestinal epithelial cells and might have an important impact on intestinal tumorigenesis. We demonstrate here that the expression of PKCalpha in proliferating intestinal epithelial cells is repressed both in vitro and in vivo by the SOX9 transcription factor. This repression does not require DNA binding of the SOX9 high-mobility group (HMG) domain but is mediated through a new mechanism of SOX9 action requiring the central and highly conserved region of SOXE members. Because SOX9 expression is itself upregulated by Wnt-APC signaling in intestinal epithelial cells, the present study points out this transcription factor as a molecular link between the Wnt-APC pathway and PKCalpha. These results provide a potential explanation for the decrease of PKCalpha expression in colorectal cancers with constitutive activation of the Wnt-APC pathway.
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Gu A, Tsark W, Holmes KV, Shively JE. Role of Ceacam1 in VEGF induced vasculogenesis of murine embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies in 3D culture. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1668-82. [PMID: 19285068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion has been shown to act as an angiogenic factor for mouse and human endothelial cells. Based on the ability of CEACAM1 to initiate lumen formation in human mammary epithelial cells grown in 3D culture (Matrigel), we hypothesized that murine CEACAM1 may play a similar role in vasculogenesis. In order to test this hypothesis, murine embryonic stem (ES) cells stimulated with VEGF were differentiated into embryoid bodies (EB) for 8 days (-8-0 d) and transferred to Matrigel in the presence or absence of anti-CEACAM1 antibody for an additional 12 days (0-12 d). In the absence of anti-CEACAM1 antibody or in the presence of an isotype control antibody, the EB in Matrigel underwent extensive sprouting, generating lengthy vascular structures with well-defined lumina as demonstrated by confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis. Both the length and architecture of the vascular tubes were inhibited by anti-CEACAM1 mAb CC1, a mAb that blocks the cell-cell adhesion functions of CEACAM1, thus demonstrating a critical role for this cell-cell adhesion molecule in generating and maintaining vasculogenesis. QRT-PCR analysis of the VEGF treated ES cells grown under conditions that convert them to EB revealed expression of Ceacam1 as early as -5 to -3 d reaching a maximum at day 0 at which time EBs were transferred to Matrigel, thereafter levels at first declined and then increased over time. Other markers of vasculogenesis including Pecam1, VE-Cad, and Tie-1 were not detected until day 0 when EBs were transferred to Matrigel followed by a steady increase in levels, indicating later roles in vasculogenesis. In contrast, Tie-2 and Flk-1 (VEGFR2) were detected on day five of EB formation reaching a maximum at day 0 on transfer to Matrigel, similar to Ceacam1, but after which Tie-2 declined over time, while Flk-1 increased over time. QRT-PCR analysis of the anti-CEACAM1 treated ES cells revealed a significant decrease in the expression of Ceacam1, Pecam1, Tie-1, and Flk-1, while VE-Cad and Tie-2 expression were unaffected. These results suggest that the expression and signaling of CEACAM1 may affect the expression of other factors known to play critical roles in vasculogenesis. Furthermore this 3D model of vasculogenesis in an environment of extracellular matrix may be a useful model for comparison to existing models of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gu
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Li C, Chen CJ, Shively JE. Mutational analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1-4L in humanized mammary glands reveals key residues involved in lumen formation: stimulation by Thr-457 and inhibition by Ser-461. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:1225-33. [PMID: 19146852 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Revised: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion, undergoes extensive alternative splicing, resulting in isoforms with 1-4 Ig-like extracellular domains (ECDs) with either long or short cytoplasmic tails. We have previously shown that CEACAM1-4L (4 ECDs with a long cytoplasmic domain) formed glands with lumena in humanized mammary mouse fat pads in NOD/SCID mice. In order to identify the key residues of CEACAM1-4L that play essential roles in lumen formation, we introduced phosphorylation mimic (e.g., Thr-457 or Ser-461 to Asp) or null mutations (Thr-457 or Ser-461 to Ala) into the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1-4L and tested them in both the in vivo mouse model and in vitro Matrigel model of mammary morphogenesis. MCF7 cells stably expressing CEACAM1-4L with the single mutation T457D or the double mutant T457D+S461D, but not the null mutants induced central lumen formation in 3D Matrigel and in humanized mammary fat pads. However, the single phosphorylation mimic mutation S461D, but not the null mutation blocked lumen formation in both models, suggesting that S461 has inhibitory function in glandular lumen formation. Compared to our results for the -4S isoform (Chen et al., J. Biol. Chem, 282: 5749-5760, 2008), the T457A null mutation blocks lumen formation for the -4L but not for the -4S isoform. This difference is likely due to the fact that phosphorylation of S459 (absent in the -4L isoform) positively compensates for loss of T457 in the -4S isoform, while S461 (absent in the -4S isoform) negatively regulates lumen formation in the -4L isoform. Thus, phosphorylation of these key residues may exert a fine control over the role of the -4L isoform (compared to the -4S isoform) in lumen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Intestinal tumor progression is promoted by decreased apoptosis and dysregulated Wnt signaling in Ceacam1-/- mice. Oncogene 2008; 27:4943-53. [PMID: 18454175 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is downregulated in colonic and intestinal hyperplastic lesions as well as in other cancers, where it functions as a tumor suppressor. To investigate the functions of CEACAM1 in the normal intestine and in intestinal tumors, we generated a compound knockout mouse model and examined both Ceacam1(-/-) and Apc(1638N/+):Ceacam1(-/-) mice. Ceacam1(-/-) intestinal cells exhibited a significant decrease in apoptosis, with no change in proliferation or migration, however. Compound Apc(1638N/+):Ceacam1(-/-) mice demonstrated an increase in intestinal tumor multiplicity and tumor progression. Increases in intussusceptions and desmoid lesions were also observed. We have shown that CEACAM1-L associates with beta-catenin by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization in CEACAM1-L-transfected CT26 and CT51 mouse colon carcinoma cells. Ceacam1(-/-) enterocytes displayed decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta activity with corresponding nuclear localization of beta-catenin. Increased T-cell factor/Lef transcriptional activity was observed in CEACAM1-null CT51 colonic cells and in Caco2 colon cancer cells in which CEACAM1 was downregulated. A significant increased expression in c-Myc and cyclin D1 targets of the Wnt signaling pathway was also revealed in the Ceacam1(-/-) intestine. CEACAM1 therefore actively participates in Wnt signaling in intestinal cells and its downregulation in intestinal tissue contributes to malignancy by augmenting tumor multiplicity and progression.
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