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Zhang SH, Wang JH, Liu HY, Zhang YX, Lin YL, Wu BY. Effects of intensive psychological intervention on treatment compliance, psychological status, and quality of life of patients with epilepsy. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:670-677. [PMID: 38808083 PMCID: PMC11129149 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i5.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a nervous system disease characterized by recurrent attacks, a long disease course, and an unfavorable prognosis. It is associated with an enduring therapeutic process, and finding a cure has been difficult. Patients with epilepsy are predisposed to adverse moods, such as resistance, anxiety, nervousness, and anxiety, which compromise treatment compliance and overall efficacy. AIM To explored the influence of intensive psychological intervention on treatment compliance, psychological status, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with epilepsy. METHODS The clinical data of 105 patients with epilepsy admitted between December 2019 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including those of 50 patients who underwent routine intervention (control group) and 55 who underwent intensive psychological intervention (research group). Treatment compliance, psychological status based on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Depression Scale Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, hope level assessed using the Herth Hope Scale (HHS), psychological resilience evaluated using the Psychological Resilience Scale, and QOL determined using the QOL in Epilepsy-31 Inventory (QOLIE-31) were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS Treatment compliance in the research group was 85.5%, which is significantly better than the 68.0% of the control group. No notable intergroup differences in preinterventional SAS and SDS scores were identified (P > 0.05); however, after the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores decreased significantly in the two groups, especially in the research group (P < 0.05). The two groups also exhibited no significant differences in preinterventional HHS, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and QOLIE-31 scores (P > 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the research group showed evidently higher HHS, CD-RISC, tenacity, optimism, strength, and QOLIE-31 scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intensive psychological intervention enhances treatment compliance, psychological status, and QOL of patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yue-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ya-Ling Lin
- Department of Neurology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bi-Yu Wu
- Department of Nursing, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
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Keha E, Naftalovich H, Shahaf A, Kalanthroff E. Control your emotions: evidence for a shared mechanism of cognitive and emotional control. Cogn Emot 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38465905 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2326902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation examined the bidirectional effects of cognitive control and emotional control and the overlap between these two systems in regulating emotions. Based on recent neural and cognitive findings, we hypothesised that two control systems largely overlap as control recruited for one system (either emotional or cognitive) can be used by the other system. In two experiments, participants completed novel versions of either the Stroop task (Experiment 1) or the Flanker task (Experiment 2) in which the emotional and cognitive control systems were actively manipulated into either a high or low emotional-load condition (achieved by varying the proportions of negative-valence emotional cues) and a high and a low cognitive control condition (achieved through varying the proportion of conflict-laden trials). In both experiments, participants' performance was impaired when both emotional and cognitive control were low, but significantly and similarly improved when one of the two control mechanisms were activated - the emotional or the cognitive. In Experiment 2, performance was further improved when both systems were activated. Our results give further support for a more integrative notion of control in which the two systems (emotional and cognitive control) not only influence each other, but rather extensively overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldad Keha
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Hadar Naftalovich
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Shahaf
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Kalanthroff
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Romo-Nava F, Awosika OO, Basu I, Blom TJ, Welge J, Datta A, Guillen A, Guerdjikova AI, Fleck DE, Georgiev G, Mori N, Patino LR, DelBello MP, McNamara RK, Buijs RM, Frye MA, McElroy SL. Effect of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation in unmedicated adults with major depressive disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial and induced current flow pattern. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:580-589. [PMID: 38123726 PMCID: PMC11153138 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Converging theoretical frameworks suggest a role and a therapeutic potential for spinal interoceptive pathways in major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects and tolerability of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in MDD. This was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel group, pilot clinical trial in unmedicated adults with moderate MDD. Twenty participants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to receive "active" 2.5 mA or "sham" anodal tsDCS sessions with a thoracic (anode; T10)/right shoulder (cathode) electrode montage 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Change in depression severity (MADRS) scores (prespecified primary outcome) and secondary clinical outcomes were analyzed with ANOVA models. An E-Field model was generated using the active tsDCS parameters. Compared to sham (n = 9), the active tsDCS group (n = 10) showed a greater baseline to endpoint decrease in MADRS score with a large effect size (-14.6 ± 2.5 vs. -21.7 ± 2.3, p = 0.040, d = 0.86). Additionally, compared to sham, active tsDCS induced a greater decrease in MADRS "reported sadness" item (-1.8 ± 0.4 vs. -3.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.012), and a greater cumulative decrease in pre/post tsDCS session diastolic blood pressure change from baseline to endpoint (group difference: 7.9 ± 3.7 mmHg, p = 0.039). Statistical trends in the same direction were observed for MADRS "pessimistic thoughts" item and week-8 CGI-I scores. No group differences were observed in adverse events (AEs) and no serious AEs occurred. The current flow simulation showed electric field at strength within the neuromodulation range (max. ~0.45 V/m) reaching the thoracic spinal gray matter. The results from this pilot study suggest that tsDCS is feasible, well-tolerated, and shows therapeutic potential in MDD. This work also provides the initial framework for the cautious exploration of non-invasive spinal cord neuromodulation in the context of mental health research and therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03433339 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03433339 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romo-Nava
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Oluwole O Awosika
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ishita Basu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Blom
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Research and Development, Soterix Medical, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna I Guerdjikova
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David E Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Nicole Mori
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Luis R Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Departamento de Fisiología Celular y Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Gier NR, Krampe C, Kenning P. Why it is good to communicate the bad: understanding the influence of message framing in persuasive communication on consumer decision-making processes. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1085810. [PMID: 37731668 PMCID: PMC10508293 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1085810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One approach to bridging the gap between consumer intentions and behavior is persuasive communication to reinforce their intentions and thereby support their behavior change. Message framing has proven to be a useful, persuasive communication tool. However, message framing is considered more complicated than other types of framing because, in addition to concept-specific elements, it is also strongly influenced by and, in turn, influences emotions. Therefore, it is almost impossible for consumers to verbally express their attitudes, so the challenge is to explain and measure its impact. This research aims to help in this regard by suggesting a theoretical model to understand how message framing is processed from a consumer neuroscience perspective. More precisely, the factors that constitute message framing are systematized and built on a reflective-impulsive model and a neural emotion-cognition framework interpreted to explain the persuasive effects of message framing. Method A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment is used to examine the effects of message framing for four different frame types that are hypothesized to affect consumer information processing differently. Result The results suggest that communication strategies should take into account the valence of the objects and the frame used. The behavioral results partially confirm the assumption that two types of information processing could take place, as suggested by the reflective-impulsive model. At the neural level, using the network perspective, the results show that certain brain regions primarily associated with emotional and cognitive interaction processes are active during processing, depending on the framing of the message. Discussion In cases of indirect avoidance value-consistent framing, it may be good to communicate the bad in the appropriate frame to influence information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine R. Gier
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caspar Krampe
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Kenning
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Chen R, Wang Q, Wang D, Liu X, Wang H, Guo J, Liu X. Post-healing perceptions and experiences of alcohol withdrawal and life management in men with alcoholic pancreatitis: a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1192835. [PMID: 37655196 PMCID: PMC10466781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1192835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions and experiences of male patients with alcoholic pancreatitis after healing regarding alcohol withdrawal and life management. Methods This study used a qualitative descriptive design, and participants were selected by purposive sampling from two tertiary care hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 male patients discharged from the gastroenterology department who had recovered from alcoholic pancreatitis. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the interview data, and the findings were reported using COREQ criteria. Results By analyzing the interview data, we summarized five themes, (1) the dilemma of sobriety, (2) role change, (3) illness status, (4) family influence, and (5) life management. Conclusion By profiling the perceptions and experiences of post-healing alcoholic pancreatitis patients' alcohol cessation and life management in men, it helps to grasp the details of alcohol cessation and health direction of patients' home management, which provides more directional guidance to help patients maintain positive and good lifestyle habits and active management awareness, followed by targeted personalized interventions to provide patients with knowledge of disease care and health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpeng Chen
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Nursing, The Third People’s Provincial Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiaoyang Guo
- Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Shandong Vheng Data Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Righi S, Benedetti V, Giganti F, Turano MT, Raduazzo G, Viggiano MP. Anxiety is not the right choice! Individual differences in trait anxiety modulate biases in pseudoneglect. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1201898. [PMID: 37600557 PMCID: PMC10434218 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoneglect, the tendency to display a leftward perceptual bias, is consistently observed in line bisection tasks. Some studies have shown that pseudoneglect is sensitive to emotions. This emotion-related modulation is likely related to valence-dependent hemispheric lateralization, although the results do not converge. A possible explanation for these inconsistencies could be individual differences in emotional tone. Considering that negative and positive emotions produce different basic activations of the two hemispheres, emotional characteristics of the subjects, such as trait anxiety, could in fact modulate the pseudoneglect phenomenon. To verify this, high- and low-anxiety participants were asked to centrally bisect horizontal lines delimited by neutral or emotional (happy and sad) faces. In line with previous studies, results here showed a decrease in the leftward bisection error in the presence of happy faces, indicating a greater involvement of the left hemisphere in processing positive emotional stimuli. In addition, trait anxiety influenced the magnitude of the visual bias. High-anxiety subjects, compared to low-anxiety subjects, showed a general bias in visual attention toward the left space as a function of emotional valence. Results are discussed within the framework of valence-dependent hemispheric specialization and the relative degree of activation. In sum, our data highlight the relevance of considering emotional individual differences in studying the pseudoneglect phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Righi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Benedetti
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Greta Raduazzo
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Fraile E, Gagnepain P, Eustache F, Groussard M, Platel H. Musical experience prior to traumatic exposure as a resilience factor: a conceptual analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1220489. [PMID: 37599747 PMCID: PMC10436084 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience mechanisms can be dynamically triggered throughout the lifecourse by resilience factors in order to prevent individuals from developing stress-related pathologies such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some interventional studies have suggested that listening to music and musical practice after experiencing a traumatic event decrease the intensity of PTSD, but surprisingly, no study to our knowledge has explored musical experience as a potential resilience factor before the potential occurrence of a traumatic event. In the present conceptual analysis, we sought to summarize what is known about the concept of resilience and how musical experience could trigger two key mechanisms altered in PTSD: emotion regulation and cognitive control. Our hypothesis is that the stimulation of these two mechanisms by musical experience during the pre-traumatic period could help protect against the symptoms of emotional dysregulation and intrusions present in PTSD. We then developed a new framework to guide future research aimed at isolating and investigating the protective role of musical experience regarding the development of PTSD in response to trauma. The clinical application of this type of research could be to develop pre-trauma training that promotes emotional regulation and cognitive control, aimed at populations at risk of developing PTSD such as healthcare workers, police officers, and military staffs.
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Cohen JE, Holsen LM, Ironside M, Moser AD, Duda JM, Null KE, Perlo S, Richards CE, Nascimento NF, Du F, Zuo C, Misra M, Pizzagalli DA, Goldstein JM. Neural response to stress differs by sex in young adulthood. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 332:111646. [PMID: 37146439 PMCID: PMC10247431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increase in stress-related disorders in women begins post-puberty and persists throughout the lifespan. To characterize sex differences in stress response in early adulthood, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants underwent a stress task in conjunction with serum cortisol levels and questionnaires assessing anxiety and mood. Forty-two healthy subjects aged 18-25 years participated (21M, 21F). Interaction of stress and sex in brain activation and connectivity were examined. Results demonstrated significant sex differences in brain activity with women exhibiting increased activation in regions that inhibit arousal compared to men during the stress paradigm. Women had increased connectivity among stress circuitry regions and default mode network, whereas men had increased connectivity between stress and cognitive control regions. In a subset of subjects (13F, 17M), we obtained gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rostral ACC) and dorsolateral prefrotal cortex (dlPFC) and conducted exploratory analyses to relate GABA measurements with sex differences in brain activation and connectivity. Prefrontal GABA levels were negatively associated with inferior temporal gyrus activation in men and women and with ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation in men. Despite sex differences in neural response, we found similar subjective ratings of anxiety and mood, cortisol levels, and GABA levels between sexes, suggesting sex differences in brain activity result in similar behavioral responses among the sexes. These results help establish sex differences in healthy brain activity from which we can better understand sex differences underlying stress-associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Divison of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Amelia D Moser
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Duda
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kaylee E Null
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Perlo
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Richards
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nara F Nascimento
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Chun Zuo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Divison of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fluoxetine plus lithium for treatment of mental health impairment in Long Covid. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 36618714 PMCID: PMC9810252 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purposes (1) To summarize the mental conditions that may accompany persistent symptoms following acute infection by SARS-CoV-2, often termed Long Covid; (2) to formulate treatment based upon the brain cells that are dominantly affected. Methods (1) Review the reports relating to the mental symptoms occurring in Long Covid. (2) Review the drugs that address the brain cells affected in Long Covid, and suggest pharmacotherapy for those patients whose response to psychotherapy is suboptimal. Results Long Covid affects ~ 10% of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2, and mental symptoms affect ~ 20% of persons with Long Covid. The brain cell-types that have been demonstrated as dominantly affected in Long Covid are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, endothelial cells/pericytes, and microglia. Lithium and fluoxetine each address all of those four cell-types. Low dosage of each is likely to be well-tolerated and to cause neither clinically important adverse events (AE) nor serious adverse events (SAE). Conclusion For those patients whose response to psychotherapy is suboptimal, lithium and fluoxetine should be administered in combination for both depth of benefit and reduction of dosages.
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Chakrabarty M, Bhattacharya K, Chatterjee G, Biswas A, Ghosal M. Pragmatic deficits in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage: A pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 58:169-188. [PMID: 36073996 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pragmatic deficits are well documented in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and right hemisphere damage (RHD), there is a paucity of research comparing the pragmatic deficits of these two groups. Do they experience similar cognitive dysfunction or is there a dissociation between the two patient groups? AIMS To investigate the nature of pragmatic deficits in these two groups and to gain an understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms that might be associated with these deficits to further future investigations. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 60 participants (15 patients with SCZ; 15 with RHD; 30 (15 + 15) healthy controls (HC) were administered the Bengali Audio-Visual Test-Battery for Assessment of Pragmatic Skills. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Both SCZ and RHD patients were found to have significant pragmatic deficits compared with their matched controls. SCZ patients were found to score significantly better than the RHD group in six out of the 10 pragmatic skills when controlled for age and education. Discriminant function analysis was performed and 86.7% of the cases (HC = 100%, SCZ = 73.3% and RHD = 86.7%) were correctly reclassified into their original categories using the test scores. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The study suggests that there is heterogeneity in the nature of the pragmatic breakdown within and across patient groups. Therefore, individualized restorative measures targeting the disrupted cognitive mechanism(s) might help elevate pragmatic competence and enhance the social functioning of patients with pragmatic deficits. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Pragmatic deficits are common in adults with cognitive impairments of different etiologies. However, few studies have explored pragmatic deficits across clinical populations. Consequently, very little is known about the nature of pragmatic deficits in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This work offers preliminary data on pragmatic difficulties in patients with schizophrenia and right hemisphere damage. This study overrides the boundaries of traditional classifications and evaluates pragmatic difficulties in these two clinical populations with reference to the underlying cognitive mechanisms, which might be disrupted. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The study adds a transdiagnostic perspective suggesting that there might be heterogeneity in pragmatic deficits, both within and across patient groups, and stresses the need for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Garga Chatterjee
- Psychology Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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11
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Barker MS, Bender JR, Chow J, Robinson GA. An emotion-eliciting version of the Hayling Sentence Completion Test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:665-680. [PMID: 36562376 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2157797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions comprise a suite of higher-order cognitive processes, which interact with other processes, such as emotion, to drive goal-directed behavior. The Hayling Sentence Completion Test is a widely used standard neuropsychological tool to measure executive functions, namely verbal initiation and suppression. The current studies aimed to establish and validate an emotion-eliciting version of the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, in order to examine the executive processes of initiation and suppression in an emotional context. Study 1 aimed to provide a quantitative evaluation of the emotional content of the Emotional Hayling Test. Study 2 investigated the differences between the Standard and Emotional Hayling Tests, and explored how performance relates to specific emotional properties of the sentences within the Emotional Hayling. METHODS Study 1 included N = 100 participants, who were asked to rate each Emotional Hayling Sentence stem in terms of valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and arousal (intensity: low-high). Study 2 included N = 204 participants who completed the Emotional Hayling Test, along with other neuropsychological measures of cognitive and affective functioning. RESULTS As designed, the sentence stimuli in the Emotional Hayling were rated as significantly higher in absolute emotional valence and arousal, compared to the Standard Hayling (Study 1). Overall, initiation and suppression on the Emotional Hayling were significantly poorer than on the Standard Hayling (Study 2). Finally, within the Emotional Hayling, participants made more suppression errors in response to negative sentences compared to positive sentences, and this effect was present in younger but not older adults. CONCLUSIONS Reduced performance on the Emotional Hayling Test, particularly in response to negative sentences, is consistent with the emotional content placing increased demands on the executive function system. We present the Emotional Hayling Test as a promising clinical tool, with the potential to capture disruptions in emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Barker
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Reuben Bender
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Chow
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Executive Functions in Decision Making under Ambiguity and Risk in Healthy Adults: A Scoping Review Adopting the Hot and Cold Executive Functions Perspective. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101335. [PMID: 36291269 PMCID: PMC9599766 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision making (DM) has a pivotal role in supporting individual autonomy and well-being. It is considered a complex ability exploiting many cognitive functions, among which executive functions (EFs) are crucial. Few studies analyzed the role played by EFs in DM in healthy adults under ambiguity and risk, which are common conditions for most decisions in daily life. This scoping review aims to analyze the relationships between two individual tasks widely used to assess DM under these conditions (Iowa Gambling Task and Game of Dice Task) and EFs. According to the organizing principle that conceptualizes hot and cold EFs, DM under such conditions mainly implies hot EFs, but the relationship with cold EFs is still unclear. Using such an approach, a comprehensive framework is provided, highlighting main findings and identifying possible gaps in the literature. The results suggest different roles played by cold EFs in DM under ambiguity and risk, according to the characteristics of the tasks. The findings can offer guidance to further studies and to design interventions to support DM in healthy adults.
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13
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Siste K, Pandelaki J, Miyata J, Oishi N, Tsurumi K, Fujiwara H, Murai T, Nasrun MW, Wiguna T, Bardosono S, Sekartini R, Sarasvita R, Murtani BJ, Sen LT, Firdaus KK. Altered Resting-State Network in Adolescents with Problematic Internet Use. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195838. [PMID: 36233704 PMCID: PMC9570959 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) is increasingly recognized as a mental health concern, particularly among adolescents. The resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the triple-network model has been described inconsistently in PIU. Using resting-state fMRI (rsFMRI) and hypothesizing a lower rsFC between default mode (DMN) and central executive networks (CEN) but a higher rsFC within the salience network (SN), this study scrutinized the neural substrates of PIU adolescents. A total of 30 adolescents with PIU and 30 control subjects underwent rsFMRI. The severity of PIU was evaluated by the Internet Addiction Test. Additionally, personality traits as well as emotional and behavioral problems were evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. Focusing on the DMN, SN, and CEN, we compared rsFC values between PIU and the control. Subsequently, within the combined group of subjects, TCI and SDQ correlation and mediation effects were investigated. Higher rsFC values of the left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC(L)) with the left anterior insula (aIns(L)) were observed for PIU than for the control, while rsFCs of the LPFC(L) with the medial PFC (MPFC), LPFC(L), as well as with the right lateral parietal cortex (LP(R)) were lower for PIU. Among these significant group differences, the rsFC between the LPFC(L) and MPFC was mediated by emotional symptoms (standardized β = −0.12, 95% CI −0.29, −0.0052). The dysfunctional attention switching and incentive salience regulated by the SN were implicated as being a neural correlate of PIU, and this relationship would in part be explained by the emotional dysregulation associated with PIU in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Siste
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Jacub Pandelaki
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tsurumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
- The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Martina Wiwie Nasrun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Saptawati Bardosono
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rini Sekartini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Riza Sarasvita
- Faculty of Psychology, Soegijapranata University, Central Java 50234, Indonesia
| | - Belinda Julivia Murtani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lee Thung Sen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Karina Kalani Firdaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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14
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Tarasova D, Zepperitz S, Ronsse E, Vonk J, Zaal S, Hudson M, Sappok T. Social individuation: Extending the scale of emotional development - Short (SED-S) for adolescent reference ages. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 128:104303. [PMID: 35841773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SED-S is a standardized diagnostic instrument for assessing emotional development (ED) in people with a disorder of intellectual development. The SED-S defines five ED stages covering emotional reference ages up to 12 years in eight domains (5 items per domain). Stage 6 will extend the scale for early adolescent reference ages. AIMS The aim of this study is to define the SED-S items for stage 6 ('Social Individuation'). METHODS AND PROCEDURES Experts in developmental psychology phrased 56 items (7 items/domain) describing typical behaviors for emotional reference ages 13th-18th year (145th-216th month) in English, German and Dutch. Twenty-eight independent experts assessed the items' content validity and observability on a Likert scale (0 = good to 3 = unacceptable). Two items/domain with the lowest ratings were excluded to finally select 5 items/domain for SED-S stage 6. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The ratings were good with results ranging from 0.06 to 0.78 for validity and 0.06-1.78 for observability. After exclusion of the 2 lowest ranking items/domain, a set of 40 items was selected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The SED-S is extended to allow the assessment of emotional reference ages up to 18 years. Further research should evaluate the scale's psychometric properties. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: The current version of the SED-S covers emotional reference ages up to 12 years (144 months). Extending the SED-S for emotional reference ages up to 18 years (145th-216th months of life) in Dutch, German and English allows better differentiation in the higher ED range and expands the applicability of the scale. Specifically, it makes it possible to apply the SED-S in people with borderline intellectual functioning. Accounting for the level of ED may provide valuable information about the behaviors and needs of individuals with higher reference ages and may support targeted treatment options in a population highly vulnerable to behavioral or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tarasova
- Berlin Center for Mental Health in Developmental Disabilities, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Herzbergstraße 79, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Zepperitz
- Berlin Center for Mental Health in Developmental Disabilities, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Herzbergstraße 79, 10365 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Ronsse
- Psysense, Haagstraat 24A / Kerkhofstraat 2, 9890 Asper, Belgium
| | - J Vonk
- Lore behandel, & expertisecentrum, Het Warant, Wesselmanlaan 25A, 5707 HA Helmond, the Netherlands
| | - S Zaal
- Cordaan, IJzerwerkerstraat 5-1, 1033 RJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Hudson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Sappok
- Berlin Center for Mental Health in Developmental Disabilities, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Herzbergstraße 79, 10365 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Trofimova IN, Gaykalova AA. Emotionality vs. Other Biobehavioural Traits: A Look at Neurochemical Biomarkers for Their Differentiation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:781631. [PMID: 34987450 PMCID: PMC8720768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the differential contributions of multiple neurochemical systems to temperament traits related and those that are unrelated to emotionality, even though these systems have a significant overlap. The difference in neurochemical biomarkers of these traits is analysed from the perspective of the neurochemical model, Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) that uses multi-marker and constructivism principles. Special attention is given to a differential contribution of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones and opioid neuropeptides implicated in both emotional and non-emotional regulation. The review highlights the role of the mu-opioid receptor system in dispositional emotional valence and the role of the kappa-opioid system in dispositional perceptual and behavioural alertness. These opioid receptor (OR) systems, microbiota and cytokines are produced in three neuroanatomically distinct complexes in the brain and the body, which all together integrate dispositional emotionality. In contrast, hormones could be seen as neurochemical biomarkers of non-emotional aspects of behavioural regulation related to the construction of behaviour in fast-changing and current situations. As examples of the role of hormones, the review summarised their contribution to temperament traits of Sensation Seeking (SS) and Empathy (EMP), which FET considers as non-emotionality traits related to behavioural orientation. SS is presented here as based on (higher) testosterone (fluctuating), adrenaline and (low) cortisol systems, and EMP, as based on (higher) oxytocin, reciprocally coupled with vasopressin and (lower) testosterone. Due to the involvement of gonadal hormones, there are sex and age differences in these traits that could be explained by evolutionary theory. There are, therefore, specific neurochemical biomarkers differentiating (OR-based) dispositional emotionality and (hormones-based) body's regulation in fast-changing events. Here we propose to consider dispositional emotionality associated with OR systems as emotionality in a true sense, whereas to consider hormonal ensembles regulating SS and EMP as systems of behavioural orientation and not emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Trofimova
- Laboratory of Collective Intelligence, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Nosjean A, Granon S. Brain Adaptation to Acute Stress: Effect of Time, Social Buffering, and Nicotinic Cholinergic System. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3990-4011. [PMID: 34905774 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both social behavior and stress responses rely on the activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and on cholinergic transmission. We previously showed in adult C57BL/6J (B6) mice that social interaction has a buffering effect on stress-related prefrontal activity, depending on the β2-/- cholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs, β2-/- mice). The latency for this buffer to emerge being short, we question here whether the associated brain plasticity, as reflected by regional c-fos protein quantification and PFC-BLA functional connectivity, is modulated by time. Overall, we show that time normalized the stress-induced PFC hyperactivation in B6 mice and PFC hypo-activation in β2-/- mice, with no effect on BLA. It also triggered a multitude of functional links between PFC subareas, and between PFC and BLA in B6 mice but not β2-/- mice, showing a central role of nAChRs in this plasticity. Coupled with social interaction and time, stress led to novel and drastic diminution of functional connectivity within the PFC in both genotypes. Thus, time, emotional state, and social behavior induced dissociated effects on PFC and BLA activity and important cortico-cortical reorganizations. Both activity and plasticity were under the control of the β2-nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nosjean
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), 91400 Saclay, France
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17
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Kanagaraj S, Devishrree S, Swetha J, Priya BK, Sankar S, Cherian J, Gopal CR, Karthikeyan S. Autism and Emotion: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a variety of childhood-onset and lifelong neurodevelopmental condition with an enduring impact on multiple domains of functioning characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, restricted and repetitive behavior interest, and activities. They often find it hard to recognize and control emotions but their emotional expression can be improved by various intervention techniques that in turn can help them understand and respond more appropriately to other people. Problems in the area on emotional reciprocity among individual with ASD involve recognizing, understanding, expressing, and regulating emotions. Their ability in emotional reciprocity is often improved with a comprehensive treatment approach, especially by focused emotional enhancement intervention. In this review, we followed the standard IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) structure to critically examine the condition of autism and its relation with genetic mechanism, and how theories of emotion and theory of mind associated with persons with ASD, some of the widely used assessment tools and future research direction in the emotional development of individuals diagnosed with ASD by using the narrative review method. Records collected through research databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EBSCO and published books with ISBN (International Standard Book Number), and published test manuals were evaluated in-depth and summarized based on the subtopic of the proposed title. A critical theoretical analysis of the genetic mechanism of emotions, theories of emotions, and theory of mind was explained in connection with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagayaraj Kanagaraj
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Devishrree
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities (Divyangjan), East Coast Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Swetha
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (Divyangjan), Manovikas Nagar, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B. Krishna Priya
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srivarshini Sankar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jincy Cherian
- Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - C.N. Ram Gopal
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Karthikeyan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities (Divyangjan), East Coast Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Liang CW. Inhibitory attentional control under cognitive load in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel dual-task paradigm. Behav Res Ther 2021; 144:103925. [PMID: 34242838 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that socially anxious (SA) individuals exhibit poorer attentional inhibition than their non-anxious (NA) counterparts. Attentional control theory presumes that cognitive load worsens the adverse effects of anxiety on attentional inhibition. However, previous studies examined the effects of cognitive load on attentional inhibition in social anxiety yielded inconsistent results. In this study, cognitive load was manipulated by adding a 1-back (low cognitive load) and 2-back task (high cognitive load) to the emotional antisaccade task, investigating the effects of cognitive load on attentional inhibition in the presence of social evaluative stimuli in SA and NA individuals. Results revealed that cognitive load improved the efficiency but impeded the effectiveness of inhibitory attentional control in SA participants. Under high cognitive load, SA participants made more erroneous saccades for threat-related than nonthreat-related faces while NA participants showed no differences in error rates among different face types. Moreover, regardless of cognitive levels, SA participants had shorter saccade latencies for angry faces than happy and neutral faces. NA participants did not show differences in saccade latencies among different face types. Implications of these findings for understanding the role that cognitive load plays in the processes of attentional control and interventions for social anxiety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Liang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, ROC.
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19
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Calderazzo SM, Busch SE, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Distribution and overlap of entorhinal, premotor, and amygdalar connections in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:885-904. [PMID: 32677044 PMCID: PMC8214921 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for decision-making as it integrates motor plans with affective and contextual limbic information. Disruptions in these networks have been observed in depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet, overlap of limbic and motor connections within subdivisions of the ACC is not well understood. Hence, we administered a combination of retrograde and anterograde tracers into structures important for contextual memories (entorhinal cortex), affective processing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection neurons from (outputs) and axon terminals to (inputs) the ACC of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated across ventral (A25, A24a) and dorsal (A24b,c) subregions of the ACC, while amygdalar connections are more evenly distributed across subregions. Among all areas, the rostral ACC (A32) had the lowest relative density of connections with all three regions. In the ventral ACC, entorhinal and amygdalar connections strongly overlap across all layers, especially in A25. In the dorsal ACC, outputs to dPMC and the amygdala strongly overlap in deep layers. However, dPMC input to the dorsal ACC was densest in deep layers, while amygdalar inputs predominantly localized in upper layers. These connection patterns are consistent with diverse roles of the dorsal ACC in motor evaluation and the ventral ACC in affective and contextual memory. Further, distinct laminar circuits suggest unique interactions within specific ACC compartments that are likely important for the temporal integration of motor and limbic information during flexible goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Calderazzo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silas E. Busch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Gainotti G. Unconscious processing of emotions and the right hemisphere. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:27-46. [PMID: 34389122 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many influential authors maintain that, even if emotions are conscious experiences, the processing of information that produces emotions is usually unconscious. This chapter discusses the nonconscious aspects of emotional processing and the critical role played in them by the right hemisphere. This chapter first reviews the studies that have demonstrated the existence of unconscious or subconscious forms of emotional processing and then discusses the data supporting the hypothesis that the right hemisphere is dominant for the processing of emotions. After these topics are reviewed, the chapter will discuss investigations that have shown that the right and left amygdala have different roles in the processing of emotional stimuli, the former being involved in nonconscious and the latter in conscious forms of emotional learning. This chapter will also address the distinction proposed by Freud between "removed" and "nonremoved" forms of unconscious processing and will consider whether "nonremoved preverbal implicit memories" have a preferential link with the right hemisphere. The possibility that the right hemisphere may play a critical role not only in the formation of nonremoved subconscious memories but also in the development of denial phenomena, resulting from dynamic processes of unconscious repression, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gainotti
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Garibbo M, Aylward J, Robinson OJ. The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on the neural substrates of memory encoding and retrieval. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:1087-1096. [PMID: 31680142 PMCID: PMC6970151 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional memory processes are widely reported in anxiety disorders, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unclear. Recent work shows that the impact of anxiety on memory depends on the context and memory modality. For instance, threat of shock, a translational within-subject anxiety induction, has been shown to impair the encoding of facial stimuli, while improving spatial working memory (WM) accuracy. The present study aimed to delineate the neural circuitry regulating these opposing behavioural effects. Thirty-three healthy volunteers performed the previously assessed facial recognition and a spatial WM tasks inside an fMRI scanner, under alternating within-subject conditions of threat or safe from shock across encoding and retrieval. Facial recognition impairments were replicated when threat was selectively induced at encoding. Neuroimaging results suggest that this effect was driven by increased competition for attentional resources within the anterior cingulate cortex, in which activation correlated positively with stress levels. The impact of threat on spatial WM performance did not, however, replicate in the fMRI environment. Nevertheless, state-dependent hippocampal activation was observed in both tasks. These findings suggest a neurocognitive mechanism by which anxiety impairs facial recognition as well as a state-dependent hippocampal activation pattern, which may putatively underline retrieval of negative experiences in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Garibbo
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Aylward
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AZ, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Vadini F, Sozio F, Madeddu G, De Socio G, Maggi P, Nunnari G, Vichi F, Di Stefano P, Tracanna E, Polilli E, Sciacca A, Zizi B, Lai V, Bartolozzi C, Flacco ME, Bonfanti P, Santilli F, Manzoli L, Parruti G. Alexithymia Predicts Carotid Atherosclerosis, Vascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients: An Italian Multisite Prospective Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz331. [PMID: 31660407 PMCID: PMC6761942 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological factors (PFs) are known predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in many clinical settings, but data are lacking for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We carried out a prospective study to evaluate (1) psychological predictors of preclinical and clinical vascular disease and (2) all-cause mortality (ACM) in HIV patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data to evaluate the predictors of carotid plaques (CPs) and a prospective analysis to explore predictors of vascular events (VEs) and ACM over 10 years. Human immunodeficiency virus patients monitored at the Infectious Disease Units of 6 Italian regions were consecutively enrolled. Traditional CVD risk factors, PFs (depressive symptoms, alexithymia, distress personality), and CPs were investigated. Vascular events and ACM after enrollment were censored at March 2018. Results A multicenter cohort of 712 HIV-positive patients (75.3% males, aged 46.1 ± 10.1 years) was recruited. One hundred seventy-five (31.6%) patients had CPs at baseline. At the cross-sectional analysis, alexithymia was independently associated with CPs (odds ratio, 4.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–8.50; P < .001), after adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables. After an average follow-up of 4.4 ± 2.4 years, 54 (7.6%) patients developed a VE, whereas 41 (5.68%) died. Age, current smoking, hypertension, and alexithymia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.66; 95% CI, 1.80–7.44; P < .001) were independent predictors of VE. Likewise, alexithymia was an independent predictor of ACM (HR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.65–9.0; P = .002), regardless of other clinical predictors. Conclusions The present results validate our previous monocentric finding. Alexithymia may be an additional tool for the multifactorial assessment of cardiovascular risk in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Sozio
- Infectious Disease Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Italy
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Maggi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Vichi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Tracanna
- Infectious Disease Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Italy
| | - Ennio Polilli
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Pescara General Hospital, Italy
| | | | - Bernardetta Zizi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Bartolozzi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti, Italy
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23
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Sappok T, Böhm J, Birkner J, Roth G, Heinrich M. How is your mind-set? Proof of concept for the measurement of the level of emotional development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215474. [PMID: 30998731 PMCID: PMC6472796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, not only cognitive brain functions, but also socio-emotional processing networks may be impaired. This study aims to validate the Scale of Emotional Development—Short (SED-S) to provide an instrument for the assessment of socio-emotional brain functions. Method The SED-S was applied in 160 children aged 0–12 years. Criterion validity was investigated at item and scale level in terms of the agreement between the scale classification and the child’s chronological age. Additionally, interrater reliability and internal consistency were assessed. Results For the majority of items, the expected response pattern emerged, showing the highest response probabilities in the respective target age groups. Agreement between the classification of the different SED-S domains and chronological age was high (κw = 0.95; exact agreement = 80.6%). Interrater reliability at domain level ranged from κw = .98 to 1.00 and internal consistency was high (α = .99). Conclusion The study normed the SED-S in a sample of typically developing children and provides evidence for criterion validity on item, domain and scale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sappok
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit bei Entwicklungsstörungen, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Böhm
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit bei Entwicklungsstörungen, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana Birkner
- Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit bei Entwicklungsstörungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Roth
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2 Biologie, Neurobiologie, Institut für Hirnforschung, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuel Heinrich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie, AB Klinisch-Psychologische Intervention, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Garcés M, Finkel L. Emotional Theory of Rationality. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 31024267 PMCID: PMC6463757 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the existence of a close relationship between emotional phenomena and rational processes has certainly been established, yet there is still no unified definition or effective model to describe them. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing the behavior of living beings, we must integrate multiple theories, experiments, and models from both fields. In this article we propose a new theoretical framework that allows integrating and understanding the emotion-cognition duality, from a functional point of view. Based on evolutionary principles, our reasoning adds to the definition and understanding of emotion, justifying its origin, explaining its mission and dynamics, and linking it to higher cognitive processes, mainly with attention, cognition, decision-making, and consciousness. According to our theory, emotions are the mechanism for brain function optimization, aside from the contingency and stimuli prioritization system. As a result of this approach, we have developed a dynamic systems-level model capable of providing plausible explanations for certain psychological and behavioral phenomena and establishing a new framework for the scientific definition of some fundamental psychological terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Garcés
- Department of Emotion, Cognition and Behavior Research, DAXNATUR S.L., Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Lucila Finkel
- Department of Sociology, Methodology and Theory, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Kuusinen V, Cesnaite E, Peräkylä J, Ogawa KH, Hartikainen KM. Orbitofrontal Lesion Alters Brain Dynamics of Emotion-Attention and Emotion-Cognitive Control Interaction in Humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:437. [PMID: 30443211 PMCID: PMC6221981 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with lesion to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) experience challenges in emotional control and emotion-guided behaviors. The OFC is known to participate in executive functions and attentional control of emotion and our previous research suggests OFC lesion alters the balance between voluntary and involuntary attention and cognitive control within the context of emotion. To better understand how OFC lesion affects the dynamics and interaction of these functions, we studied EEG and performance of 12 patients with lesion to the OFC and 11 control subjects with intact OFC in a Go/NoGo visual reaction time (RT) task with neutral targets and intervening threat-related emotional distractors (Executive RT Test). Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N2P3 peak-to-peak amplitude and the following late positive potential (LPP), were used to measure allocation of attention and cognitive control to emotional distractors. Task performance and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions—Adult version (BRIEF-A) scores were used to assess executive functions. As expected, the Control group showed increased N2P3 amplitude in the context of threat-related distractors, particularly over the right hemisphere, while LPP was not modulated by these distractors. In contrast, patients with OFC lesion showed no such impact of threat-related distractors on N2P3 amplitude but exhibited increased and prolonged left-lateralized impact of threat on LPP in the Go-condition. In NoGo-condition, the N2P3 amplitude was increased in both groups due to threat, but the impact was seen earlier, i.e., at the N2 peak in the OFC group and later at the P3 peak in Controls. The OFC group committed more errors in the Executive RT Test and reported more problems in BRIEF-A, thus both objective and subjective evidence for challenges in executive functions was obtained in patients with orbitofrontal lesion. Furthermore, the time-course of attention allocation and cognitive control towards task-irrelevant emotional stimuli was altered as evidenced by ERPs. We conclude that orbitofrontal lesion is associated with altered neural dynamics underlying the interaction of involuntary attention to emotion and cognitive control. These alterations in brain dynamics may underlie some of the challenges patients encounter in everyday life when emotional events interact with cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla Kuusinen
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elena Cesnaite
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jari Peräkylä
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Keith H Ogawa
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
| | - Kaisa M Hartikainen
- Behavioral Neurology Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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26
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Sokolowski HM, Hawes Z, Lyons IM. What explains sex differences in math anxiety? A closer look at the role of spatial processing. Cognition 2018; 182:193-212. [PMID: 30343180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has documented that females experience more math anxiety than males. Researchers have identified many factors that might explain the relation between sex and math anxiety. In the current study, we present a novel theoretical framework that highlights the importance of examining multiple aspects of processing across different cognitive domains. We use this framework to address the question of what best explains sex differences in math anxiety. One hundred and seventy-five undergraduate students completed a battery of cognitive tasks and affect questionnaires intended to measure actual math ability, perceived math ability, math anxiety, actual spatial ability, perceived spatial ability, and anxiety about situations requiring spatial mental manipulation (spatial anxiety). Results revealed that processes within the spatial domain but not in the mathematical domain mediated the relation between sex and math anxiety, controlling for general anxiety and cognitive ability. Moreover, within the spatial domain, spatial anxiety was the strongest mediator between sex and math anxiety, over actual and perceived spatial ability. Our findings point to spatial anxiety as a key contributor to the commonly reported sex differences in math anxiety. We conclude by raising the possibility that sex differences in math anxiety, may be rooted in sex-related differences in anxiety about or avoidance of spatial strategies in solving mathematical tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Hawes
- University of Western Ontario. London, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Basanovic J, Notebaert L, Clarke PJF, MacLeod C, Jawinski P, Chen NTM. Inhibitory attentional control in anxiety: Manipulating cognitive load in an antisaccade task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205720. [PMID: 30325947 PMCID: PMC6191120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theorists have proposed that heightened anxiety vulnerability is characterised by reduced attentional control performance and have made the prediction in turn that elevating cognitive load will adversely impact attentional control performance for high anxious individuals to a greater degree than low anxious individuals. Critically however, existing attempts to test this prediction have been limited in their methodology and have presented inconsistent findings. Using a methodology capable of overcoming the limitations of previous research, the present study sought to investigate the effect of manipulating cognitive load on inhibitory attentional control performance of high anxious and low anxious individuals. High and low trait anxious participants completed an antisaccade task, requiring the execution of prosaccades towards, or antisaccades away from, emotionally toned stimuli while eye movements were recorded. Participants completed the antisaccade task under conditions that concurrently imposed a lesser cognitive load, or greater cognitive load. Analysis of participants' saccade latencies revealed high trait anxious participants demonstrated generally poorer inhibitory attentional control performance as compared to low trait anxious participants. Furthermore, conditions imposing greater cognitive load, as compared to lesser cognitive load, resulted in enhanced inhibitory attentional control performance across participants generally. Crucially however, analyses did not reveal an effect of cognitive load condition on anxiety-linked differences in inhibitory attentional control performance, indicating that elevating cognitive load did not adversely impact attentional control performance for high anxious individuals to a greater degree than low anxious individuals. Hence, the present findings are inconsistent with predictions made by some theorists and are in contrast to the findings of earlier investigations. These findings further highlight the need for research into the relationship between anxiety, attentional control, and cognitive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Basanovic
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Lies Notebaert
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Philippe Jawinski
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigel T. M. Chen
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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28
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Broster LS, Jenkins SL, Holmes SD, Jicha GA, Jiang Y. Low Arousal Positive Emotional Stimuli Attenuate Aberrant Working Memory Processing in Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1333-1349. [PMID: 29060938 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotional enhancement effects on memory have been reported to mitigate the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, relative to their manifestation in persons without pathologic aging, these effects may be reduced in magnitude or even deleterious, especially in tasks that more closely model ecologic memory performance. Based upon a synthesis of such reports, we hypothesized that in persons with AD low arousal positive stimuli would evoke relatively intact emotional enhancement effects, but that high arousal negative stimuli would evoke disordered emotional enhancement effects. To assess this, participants with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) presumed to be due to AD performed an emotionally-valenced short-term memory task while encephalography was recorded. Results indicated that for persons with MCI, high arousal negative stimuli led to working memory processing patterns previously associated with MCI presumed due to AD and dementia of the Alzheimer-type. In contrast, low arousal positive stimuli evoked a processing pattern similar to MCI participants' unaffected spouses. Our current findings suggest that low arousal positive stimuli attenuate working memory deficits of MCI due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Broster
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shonna L Jenkins
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Movement Disorders Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah D Holmes
- Department of Gerontology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Wang C, Wu H, Chen F, Xu J, Li H, Li H, Wang J. Disrupted functional connectivity patterns of the insula subregions in drug-free major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:297-304. [PMID: 29587165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by impairments in emotional and cognitive functions. Emerging studies have shown that cognition and emotion interact by reaching identical brain regions, and the insula is one such region with functional and structural heterogeneity. Although previous literatures have shown the role of insula in MDD,it remains unclear whether the insular subregions show differential change patterns in MDD. METHODS Using the resting-state fMRI data in a group of 23 drug-free MDD patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs), we investigated whether the abnormal connectivity patterns of insular sub-regions or any behavioural correlates can be detected in MDD. Further hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify the functional connectivity-clustering patterns of insular sub-regions. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the MDD exhibited higher connectivities between dorsal agranular insula and inferior parietal lobule and between ventral dysgranular and granular insula and thalamus/habehula, and lower connectivity of hypergranular insula to subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, the three subregions with significant group differences were in three separate functional systems along anterior-to-posteior gradient. The anterior and middle insula showed positive correlation with depressive severity, while the posterior insular was to the contrary. LIMITATIONS The small and unbalanced sample size, only included moderate and severe depression and the possible inter-individual differences may limit the interpretability. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided evidences for the MDD-related effects in functional connectivity patterns of insular subregions, and revealed that the subregions might be involved in different neural circuits associated with the contrary impacts on the depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 100053, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- College of mathematics and statistics, Shenzhen University of China, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China.
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30
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Trofimova I. Functionality versus dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170167. [PMID: 29483351 PMCID: PMC5832691 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper applies evolutionary and functional constructivism approaches to the discussion of psychological taxonomies, as implemented in the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). FET asserts that neurochemical systems developed in evolution to regulate functional-dynamical aspects of construction of actions: orientation, selection (integration), energetic maintenance, and management of automatic behavioural elements. As an example, the paper reviews the neurochemical mechanisms of interlocking between emotional dispositions and performance capacities. Research shows that there are no specific neurophysiological systems of positive or negative affect, and that emotional valence is rather an integrative product of many brain systems during estimations of needs and the capacities required to satisfy these needs. The interlocking between emotional valence and functional aspects of performance appears to be only partial since all monoamine and opioid receptor systems play important roles in non-emotional aspects of behaviour, in addition to emotionality. This suggests that the Positive/Negative Affect framework for DSM/ICD classifications of mental disorders oversimplifies the structure of non-emotionality symptoms of these disorders. Contingent dynamical relationships between neurochemical systems cannot be represented by linear statistical models searching for independent dimensions (such as factor analysis); nevertheless, these relationships should be reflected in psychological and psychiatric taxonomies.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- CILab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 92 Bowman Street, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 2T6
- OISE, Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Kowiański P, Lietzau G, Steliga A, Czuba E, Ludkiewicz B, Waśkow M, Spodnik JH, Moryś J. Nicotine-induced CREB and DeltaFosB activity is modified by caffeine in the brain reward system of the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 88:1-12. [PMID: 29100904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coffee and nicotine consumption are frequently combined, indicating possible intensifying effect of caffeine on smoking behavior, although neurobiological background of this phenomenon remains unknown. We aimed at determining the effect of caffeine and nicotine, applied separately or simultaneously, on activation of six structures of the brain reward system: nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA), amygdala (Amg), hippocampus (Hip), medial prefrontal cortex (mPfr) and dorsal striatum (CdP) in the adult male Wistar rats. Activation of two transcription factors, the phosphorylated form of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and DeltaFosB (ΔFosB) was assessed by immunohistochemistry after multiple-dose five-days psychostimulants administration followed by 20min and 24h survival, respectively. Nicotine evoked the highest increase of pCREB-immunoreactivity (-ir) in NAc, while caffeine exerted the weakest effect in mPfr and CdP. Nicotine/caffeine co-administration resulted in decrease of pCREB-ir in NAc and increase in Amg, compared with the effect of each psychostimulant used separately. Nicotine was the strongest psychostimulant activating ΔFosB-ir in Amg, whereas caffeine - in Hip. Nicotine/caffeine-exerted effect upon ΔFosB-ir in Amg was weaker, whereas in mPfr stronger, than nicotine-evoked effect in these structures. In summary, pCREB and ΔFosB activation is dependent on the type of stimulus, brain structure and functional context. Activation of both transcription factors is responsible for caffeine's modifying effect upon nicotine-related behaviors and must be taken into account while quitting cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kowiański
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str., 76-200 Slupsk, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Lietzau
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Steliga
- Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str., 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Czuba
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Ludkiewicz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Waśkow
- Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str., 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
| | - Jan H Spodnik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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32
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Konietzny K, Suchan B, Kreddig N, Hasenbring MI, Chehadi O. [Emotion regulation and pain : Behavioral and neuronal correlates: a transdiagnostic approach]. Schmerz 2017; 30:412-420. [PMID: 27658393 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-016-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emotions and emotion regulation are of special importance in the perception and modulation of pain but the mechanisms underlying this reciprocal relationship remain unclear. The transdiagnostic model provides an approach to explain the link between pain and emotion regarding cognitive and neuronal mechanisms and aims to identify mutual processes, which are relevant for both. Structural and functional imaging studies of pain indicate the involvement of specific cortical and subcortical structures, which also play an important role in emotion regulation. While numerous studies have investigated emotion regulation and their correlates in the central nervous system in pathological states, the research on emotion regulation in pain is still young. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of experimental and clinical studies of neuronal and behavioral correlates of pain-related emotion regulation. The current transdiagnostic approach may be able to enhance pain relief in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Konietzny
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 0/145, 44780, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - B Suchan
- Institut für Kognitive Neurowissenschaft, Abteilung Neuropsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - N Kreddig
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 0/145, 44780, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - M I Hasenbring
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 0/145, 44780, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - O Chehadi
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, MA 0/145, 44780, Bochum, Deutschland.
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Heeren A, Billieux J, Philippot P, De Raedt R, Baeken C, de Timary P, Maurage P, Vanderhasselt MA. Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional bias for threat: a proof-of-concept study among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:251-260. [PMID: 27531388 PMCID: PMC5390730 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive models posit that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with and maintained by attentional bias (AB) for social threat. However, over the last years, it has been suggested that AB in SAD may result from a decreased activation of the left prefrontal cortex, and particularly of its dorsolateral part (dlPFC). Accordingly, a transient increase of neural activity within the left dlPFC via non-invasive brain stimulation decreases AB in non-anxious control participants. Yet, none of these studies focused on SAD. This is especially unfortunate as SAD constitutes the main target for which a genuine reduction of AB may be most appropriate. In this experiment, we sought to investigate the causal influence of left dlPFC neuromodulation on AB among 19 female individuals with a DSM-5 diagnosis of SAD. We adopted a double-blind within-subject protocol in which we delivered a single-session of anodal versus sham transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the left dlPFC during the completion of a probe discrimination task assessing AB. Consistent with our hypothesis, participants demonstrated a significant decrease in AB during the anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC relative to the sham stimulation. These findings value tDCS as an innovative procedure to gain new insight into the underlying mechanisms of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Heeren
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hospital Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
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Emotional metacontrol of attention: Top-down modulation of sensorimotor processes in a robotic visual search task. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184960. [PMID: 28934291 PMCID: PMC5608313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions play a significant role in internal regulatory processes. In this paper, we advocate four key ideas. First, novelty detection can be grounded in the sensorimotor experience and allow higher order appraisal. Second, cognitive processes, such as those involved in self-assessment, influence emotional states by eliciting affects like boredom and frustration. Third, emotional processes such as those triggered by self-assessment influence attentional processes. Last, close emotion-cognition interactions implement an efficient feedback loop for the purpose of top-down behavior regulation. The latter is what we call ‘Emotional Metacontrol’. We introduce a model based on artificial neural networks. This architecture is used to control a robotic system in a visual search task. The emotional metacontrol intervenes to bias the robot visual attention during active object recognition. Through a behavioral and statistical analysis, we show that this mechanism increases the robot performance and fosters the exploratory behavior to avoid deadlocks.
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Celeghin A, Diano M, Bagnis A, Viola M, Tamietto M. Basic Emotions in Human Neuroscience: Neuroimaging and Beyond. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1432. [PMID: 28883803 PMCID: PMC5573709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of so-called ‘basic emotions’ and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology. Recently, neuroimaging evidence, especially related to the advent of neuroimaging meta-analytic methods, has revitalized this debate in the endeavor of systems and human neuroscience. The core theme focuses on the existence of unique neural bases that are specific and characteristic for each instance of basic emotion. Here we review this evidence, outlining contradictory findings, strengths and limits of different approaches. Constructionism dismisses the existence of dedicated neural structures for basic emotions, considering that the assumption of a one-to-one relationship between neural structures and their functions is central to basic emotion theories. While these critiques are useful to pinpoint current limitations of basic emotions theories, we argue that they do not always appear equally generative in fostering new testable accounts on how the brain relates to affective functions. We then consider evidence beyond PET and fMRI, including results concerning the relation between basic emotions and awareness and data from neuropsychology on patients with focal brain damage. Evidence from lesion studies are indeed particularly informative, as they are able to bring correlational evidence typical of neuroimaging studies to causation, thereby characterizing which brain structures are necessary for, rather than simply related to, basic emotion processing. These other studies shed light on attributes often ascribed to basic emotions, such as automaticity of perception, quick onset, and brief duration. Overall, we consider that evidence in favor of the neurobiological underpinnings of basic emotions outweighs dismissive approaches. In fact, the concept of basic emotions can still be fruitful, if updated to current neurobiological knowledge that overcomes traditional one-to-one localization of functions in the brain. In particular, we propose that the structure-function relationship between brain and emotions is better described in terms of pluripotentiality, which refers to the fact that one neural structure can fulfill multiple functions, depending on the functional network and pattern of co-activations displayed at any given moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Celeghin
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Matteo Diano
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Arianna Bagnis
- Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Marco Viola
- Centre for Neurocognition, Epistemology and Theoretical Syntax, Scuola di Studi Superiori PaviaPavia, Italy.,Faculty of Philosophy, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg UniversityTilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
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36
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Exploration of cognition–affect and Type 1–Type 2 dichotomies in a computational model of decision making. COGN SYST RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Annunziata MA, Muzzatti B, Flaiban C, Giovannini L, Lucchini G. Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale (CFSS): Further psychometric data. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 25:1-4. [PMID: 27645477 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1225575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The "Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale" (CFSS) is a questionnaire specifically developed for the self-reporting of cognitive functioning in non-neurologic settings. A previous published study had showed its good reading comprehension and face validity, defining it as monofactorial and reliable. This paper provides further psychometric data and norms derived on a larger sample from the general population. Our work is divided into two studies. In Study 1, 194 adult patients in a General Practitioner study (27.8% retested after 2 weeks) have filled-in the CFSS together with the CES-D, the State Anxiety subscale of the STAI, and a clinical and socio-demographic data form. The Cronbach's alpha of the CFSS was 0.878; the temporal stability was 0.794; in addition, CFSS showed substantial and moderate associations respectively with depression and state anxiety measures. In Study 2, CFSS data on 476 participants have been considered. CFSS score was associated to age (p < 0.01) and education (p < 0.01). In addition, CFSS descriptive statistics according to age and education levels were provided. In conclusion, although further research is surely necessary to refine the CFSS, the herein presented data together with the already published results, confirm the validity and reliability of this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muzzatti
- a Centro di Riferimento Oncologico , Unit of Oncological Psychology , Aviano , Italy
| | - Cristiana Flaiban
- a Centro di Riferimento Oncologico , Unit of Oncological Psychology , Aviano , Italy
| | - Lorena Giovannini
- a Centro di Riferimento Oncologico , Unit of Oncological Psychology , Aviano , Italy
| | - Guido Lucchini
- b Health Local Service 5 , General Medical Practice , Aviano , Italy
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Oron Semper JV, Murillo JI, Bernacer J. Adolescent Emotional Maturation through Divergent Models of Brain Organization. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1263. [PMID: 27602012 PMCID: PMC4993867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we introduce the hypothesis that neuropsychological adolescent maturation, and in particular emotional management, may have opposing explanations depending on the interpretation of the assumed brain architecture, that is, whether a componential computational account (CCA) or a dynamic systems perspective (DSP) is used. According to CCA, cognitive functions are associated with the action of restricted brain regions, and this association is temporally stable; by contrast, DSP argues that cognitive functions are better explained by interactions between several brain areas, whose engagement in specific functions is temporal and context-dependent and based on neural reuse. We outline the main neurobiological facts about adolescent maturation, focusing on the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional processes associated with adolescence. We then explain the importance of emotional management in adolescent maturation. We explain the interplay between emotion and cognition under the scope of CCA and DSP, both at neural and behavioral levels. Finally, we justify why, according to CCA, emotional management is understood as regulation, specifically because the cognitive aspects of the brain are in charge of regulating emotion-related modules. However, the key word in DSP is integration, since neural information from different brain areas is integrated from the beginning of the process. Consequently, although the terms should not be conceptually confused, there is no cognition without emotion, and vice versa. Thus, emotional integration is not an independent process that just happens to the subject, but a crucial part of personal growth. Considering the importance of neuropsychological research in the development of educational and legal policies concerning adolescents, we intend to expose that the holistic view of adolescents is dependent on whether one holds the implicit or explicit interpretation of brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Oron Semper
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Murillo
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Bernacer
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
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39
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Anxiety-potentiated amygdala-medial frontal coupling and attentional control. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e833. [PMID: 27271859 PMCID: PMC4931603 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders can be treated both pharmacologically and psychologically, but many individuals either fail to respond to treatment or relapse. Improving outcomes is difficult, in part because we have incomplete understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying current treatments. In a sequence of studies, we have identified 'affective bias-related' amygdala-medial cortical coupling as a candidate substrate underlying adaptive anxiety (that is, anxiety elicited by threat of shock in healthy individuals) and shown that it is also chronically engaged in maladaptive anxiety disorders. We have provided evidence that this circuit can be modulated pharmacologically, but whether this mechanism can be shifted by simple psychological instruction is unknown. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we extend a previously used translational anxiety induction (threat of shock) in healthy subjects (N=43) and cognitive task to include an element of instructed attentional control. Replicating our previous findings, we show that induced anxiety engages 'affective bias-related' amygdala-dorsal medial frontal coupling during the processing of emotional faces. By contrast, instructing subjects to attend to neutral shapes (and ignore faces) disengages this circuitry and increases putative 'attentional control-related' coupling between the amygdala and a more rostral prefrontal region. These neural coupling changes are accompanied by corresponding modulation of behavioural performance. Taken together, these findings serve to further highlight the potential role of amygdala-medial frontal coupling in the pathogenesis of anxiety and highlight a mechanism by which it can be modulated via psychological instructions. This, in turn, generates hypotheses for future work exploring the mechanisms underlying psychological therapeutic interventions for anxiety.
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40
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Yang Q, Wang X, Yin S, Zhao X, Tan J, Chen A. Improved emotional conflict control triggered by the processing priority of negative emotion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24302. [PMID: 27086908 PMCID: PMC4834577 DOI: 10.1038/srep24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for emotional conflict resolution, and this control mechanism is affected by the emotional valence of distracting stimuli. In the present study, we investigated effects of negative and positive stimuli on emotional conflict control using a face-word Stroop task in combination with functional brain imaging. Emotional conflict was absent in the negative face context, in accordance with the null activation observed in areas regarding emotional face processing (fusiform face area, middle temporal/occipital gyrus). Importantly, these visual areas negatively coupled with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the significant emotional conflict was observed in the positive face context, this effect was accompanied by activation in areas associated with emotional face processing, and the default mode network (DMN), here, DLPFC mainly negatively coupled with DMN, rather than visual areas. These results suggested that the conflict control mechanism exerted differently between negative faces and positive faces, it implemented more efficiently in the negative face condition, whereas it is more devoted to inhibiting internal interference in the positive face condition. This study thus provides a plausible mechanism of emotional conflict resolution that the rapid pathway for negative emotion processing efficiently triggers control mechanisms to preventively resolve emotional conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
| | - Shouhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chong, Qing, China
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41
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Pais-Vieira C, Wing EA, Cabeza R. The influence of self-awareness on emotional memory formation: an fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:580-92. [PMID: 26645274 PMCID: PMC4814787 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies of emotional perception shows that when attention is focused on external features of emotional stimuli (external perceptual orienting--EPO), the amygdala is primarily engaged, but when attention is turned inwards towards one's own emotional state (interoceptive self-orienting--ISO), regions of the salience network, such as the anterior insula (AI) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), also play a major role. Yet, it is unknown if ISO boosts the contributions of AI and dACC not only to emotional 'perception' but also to emotional 'memory'. To investigate this issue, participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing emotional and neutral pictures under ISO or EPO, and memory was tested several days later. The study yielded three main findings: (i) emotion boosted perception-related activity in the amygdala during both ISO and EPO and in the right AI exclusively during ISO; (ii) emotion augmented activity predicting subsequent memory in AI and dACC during ISO but not during EPO and (iii) high confidence memory was associated with increased amygdala-dACC connectivity, selectively for ISO encoding. These findings show, for the first time, that ISO promotes emotional memory formation via regions associated with interoceptive awareness of emotional experience, such as AI and dACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pais-Vieira
- Department of Education, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal, and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Erik A Wing
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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42
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Smulevich AB, Dubnitskaya EB, Voronova EI, Morozova YV, Radaev SM. Efficiency of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depressions. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:583-8. [PMID: 26899842 PMCID: PMC7087609 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We studied the efficacy of umbilical cord blood cells in the therapy of treatment-resistant depressive states in women. Concentrated umbilical cord blood cells were administered in a dose of 250 millions cells (4 injections at 1-week intervals). The control group received placebo. In both groups, reduction of depressive disorders and the decrease in hypothymia severity were observed. Infusions of cell concentrate contributed to delayed correction of treatment resistance and reduced the severity of depression to moderate. In the main group, significant, persistent, and long-term positive dynamics was observed in the cognitive sphere. The therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood cell concentrate can be used to overcome treatment resistance formed in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smulevich
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E B Dubnitskaya
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Voronova
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ya V Morozova
- Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S M Radaev
- CryoCenter Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Moscow, Russia
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43
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Rumination and Rebound from Failure as a Function of Gender and Time on Task. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6010007. [PMID: 26901231 PMCID: PMC4810177 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a trait response to blocked goals that can have positive or negative outcomes for goal resolution depending on where attention is focused. Whereas “moody brooding” on affective states may be maladaptive, especially for females, “reflective pondering” on concrete strategies for problem solving may be more adaptive. In the context of a challenging general knowledge test, we examined how Brooding and Reflection rumination styles predicted students’ subjective and event-related responses (ERPs) to negative feedback, as well as use of this feedback to rebound from failure on a later surprise retest. For females only, Brooding predicted unpleasant feelings after failure as the task progressed. It also predicted enhanced attention to errors through both bottom-up and top-down processes, as indexed by increased early (400–600 ms) and later (600–1000 ms) late positive potentials (LPP), respectively. Reflection, despite increasing females’ initial attention to negative feedback (i.e., early LPP), as well as both genders’ recurring negative thoughts, did not result in sustained top-down attention (i.e., late LPP) or enhanced negative feelings toward errors. Reflection also facilitated rebound from failure in both genders, although Brooding did not hinder it. Implications of these gender and time-related rumination effects for learning in challenging academic situations are discussed.
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Abstract
AbstractEmotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However, each model has its own merits and demerits. Moreover, most studies on emotion focus on steady-state emotions than emotion switching. Thus, in this article, a domain-independent computational model of emotions for intelligent agent is proposed that have modules for emotion elicitation, emotion regulation, and emotion transition. The model is built on some well-known psychological theories such as appraisal theories of emotions, emotion regulation theory, and multistore human memory model. The design of the model is using the concept of fuzzy logic to handle uncertain and subjective information. The main focus is on primary emotions as suggested by Ekman; however, simultaneous elicitation of multiple emotions (called secondary emotion) is also supported by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- 1Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Noida, India
| | - Krishna Asawa
- 1Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Department of Computer Science, Noida, India
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45
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Quaglino V, De Wever E, Maurage P. Relations Between Cognitive Abilities, Drinking Characteristics, and Emotional Recognition in Alcohol Dependence: A Preliminary Exploration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2032-8. [PMID: 26332272 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is characterized by wide-ranging cognitive impairments, but also by emotional facial expressions (EFEs) recognition deficits. Although they play a crucial role both in the development and in the maintenance of the disease, cognitive and emotional disorders have up to now been mostly explored separately. As a result, not much is known regarding their interactions. This study thus aims at exploring the relations between cognition and emotion in alcohol dependence, and more specifically between cognitive performance, drinking characteristics, and EFE recognition. METHODS About 26 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals and 26 matched controls were tested for cognitive abilities (by means of a standardized neuropsychological battery) and for EFE recognition. RESULTS Alcohol-dependent individuals simultaneously presented altered performances for executive abilities and EFE recognition (particularly for disgust recognition). Moreover, a regression analysis showed that EFE performance was centrally related to episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSIONS These results clarify the relations between EFE recognition, cognitive abilities, and drinking characteristics in alcohol dependence and clearly suggest that cognitive factors should be taken into account in future studies exploring emotional processes in alcohol dependence. Specific cognitive programs should be developed to rehabilitate cognitive and emotional abilities simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Quaglino
- Research Center in Psychology: Cognition, Psyche and Organizations (CRP-CPO EA7273), Department of Psychology, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Elodie De Wever
- Research Center in Psychology: Cognition, Psyche and Organizations (CRP-CPO EA7273), Department of Psychology, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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46
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Rabinovich MI, Tristan I, Varona P. Hierarchical nonlinear dynamics of human attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Rehbein MA, Wessing I, Zwitserlood P, Steinberg C, Eden AS, Dobel C, Junghöfer M. Rapid prefrontal cortex activation towards aversively paired faces and enhanced contingency detection are observed in highly trait-anxious women under challenging conditions. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:155. [PMID: 26113814 PMCID: PMC4461824 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to healthy controls, anxiety-disorder patients show anomalies in classical conditioning that may either result from, or provide a risk factor for, clinically relevant anxiety. Here, we investigated whether healthy participants with enhanced anxiety vulnerability show abnormalities in a challenging affective-conditioning paradigm, in which many stimulus-reinforcer associations had to be acquired with only few learning trials. Forty-seven high and low trait-anxious females underwent MultiCS conditioning, in which 52 different neutral faces (CS+) were paired with an aversive noise (US), while further 52 faces (CS-) remained unpaired. Emotional learning was assessed by evaluative (rating), behavioral (dot-probe, contingency report), and neurophysiological (magnetoencephalography) measures before, during, and after learning. High and low trait-anxious groups did not differ in evaluative ratings or response priming before or after conditioning. High trait-anxious women, however, were better than low trait-anxious women at reporting CS+/US contingencies after conditioning, and showed an enhanced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation towards CS+ in the M1 (i.e., 80-117 ms) and M170 time intervals (i.e., 140-160 ms) during acquisition. These effects in MultiCS conditioning observed in individuals with elevated trait anxiety are consistent with theories of enhanced conditionability in anxiety vulnerability. Furthermore, they point towards increased threat monitoring and detection in highly trait-anxious females, possibly mediated by alterations in visual working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimu Alissa Rehbein
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Ida Wessing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Annuschka Salima Eden
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
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49
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Gold AL, Morey RA, McCarthy G. Amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during threat-induced anxiety and goal distraction. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:394-403. [PMID: 24882566 PMCID: PMC4349396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety produced by environmental threats can impair goal-directed processing and is associated with a range of psychiatric disorders, particularly when aversive events occur unpredictably. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to implement controls that minimize performance disruptions from threat-induced anxiety and goal distraction by modulating activity in regions involved in threat detection, such as the amygdala. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) have been linked to the regulation of anxiety during threat exposure. We developed a paradigm to determine if threat-induced anxiety would enhance functional connectivity between the amygdala and IFG, OFC, and vmPFC. METHODS Healthy adults performed a computer-gaming style task involving capturing prey and evading predators to optimize monetary rewards while exposed to the threat of unpredictable shock. Psychophysiological recording (n = 26) and functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning (n = 17) were collected during the task in separate cohorts. Task-specific changes in functional connectivity with the amygdala were examined using psychophysiological interaction analysis. RESULTS Threat exposure resulted in greater arousal measured by increased skin conductance but did not influence performance (i.e., monetary losses or rewards). Greater functional connectivity between the right amygdala and bilateral IFG, OFC, vmPFC, anterior cingulate cortex, and frontopolar cortex was associated with threat exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to unpredictable threat modulates amygdala-PFC functional connectivity that may help maintain performance when experiencing anxiety induced by threat. Our paradigm is well-suited to explore the neural underpinnings of the anxiety response to unpredictable threat in patients with various anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Gold
- Department of Psychology (ALG, GM), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health (RAM, GM), Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke-University of North Carolina Brain Imaging and Analysis Center (RAM), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (RAM), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Department of Psychology (ALG, GM), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health (RAM, GM), Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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Liu Y, Zhan X, Li W, Han H, Wang H, Hou J, Yan G, Wang Y. The trait anger affects conflict inhibition: a Go/Nogo ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1076. [PMID: 25653610 PMCID: PMC4301017 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the time course of inhibitory control in high trait anger individuals, we recorded and analyzed ERP data relevant to visual Go/Nogo task in high and low trait anger participants. Compared with low trait anger participants, high trait anger participants revealed faster RTs in the Go/Nogo task. The nogo effect of N2 related to conflict monitoring was similar between two groups. While the P3go was larger in high than low trait anger groups, the P3nogo did not differ between two groups. This induced the smaller nogo effect of P3 in high than that in low trait anger group, which is closely related to the actual inhibition of the motor system. These data suggest the reduced later stage of inhibitory processes in high trait anger individuals, implicating the dysfunction of inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Zhan
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heyun Han
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junlin Hou
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoli Yan
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
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