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Schmiedová L, Černá K, Li T, Těšický M, Kreisinger J, Vinkler M. Bacterial communities along parrot digestive and respiratory tracts: the effects of sample type, species and time. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:127-142. [PMID: 37222909 PMCID: PMC10830831 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digestive and respiratory tracts are inhabited by rich bacterial communities that can vary between their different segments. In comparison with other bird taxa with developed caeca, parrots that lack caeca have relatively lower variability in intestinal morphology. Here, based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we describe variation in microbiota across different parts of parrot digestive and respiratory tracts both at interspecies and intraspecies levels. In domesticated budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), we describe the bacterial variation across eight selected sections of respiratory and digestive tracts, and three non-destructively collected sample types (faeces, and cloacal and oral swabs). Our results show important microbiota divergence between the upper and lower digestive tract, but similarities between respiratory tract and crop, and also between different intestinal segments. Faecal samples appear to provide a better proxy for intestinal microbiota composition than the cloacal swabs. Oral swabs had a similar bacterial composition as the crop and trachea. For a subset of tissues, we confirmed the same pattern also in six different parrot species. Finally, using the faeces and oral swabs in budgerigars, we revealed high oral, but low faecal microbiota stability during a 3-week period mimicking pre-experiment acclimation. Our findings provide a basis essential for microbiota-related experimental planning and result generalisation in non-poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Schmiedová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Černá
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Těšický
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yin L, Liu S, Shi H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Song Z, Zhang L. Subcellular Proteomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulation in Organization of Human A549 Cells Infected with Influenza Virus H7N9. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666211222145450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
H7N9 influenza virus poses a high risk to human beings and proteomic evaluations of these infections may help to better understand its pathogenic mechanisms in human systems. Objective: To find membrane proteins related to H7N9 infection.
Methods:
Here, we infected primary human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) cells with H7N9 (including wild and mutant strains) and then produced enriched cellular membrane isolations which were evaluated by western blot. The proteins in these cell membrane fractions were analyzed using the isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) proteome technologies.
Results:
Differentially expressed proteins (n = 32) were identified following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including 20 down-regulated proteins such as CD44 antigen, and CD151 antigen, and 12 up-regulated proteins such as tight junction protein ZO-1, and prostaglandin reductase 1. Gene Ontology database searching revealed that 20 out of the 32 differentially expressed proteins were localized to the plasma membrane. These proteins were primarily associated with cellular component organization (n = 20), and enriched in the Reactome pathway of extracellular matrix organization (n = 4).
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that H7N9 may dysregulate cellular organization via specific alterations to the protein profile of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Dage Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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A Review of Avian Influenza A Virus Associations in Synanthropic Birds. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111209. [PMID: 33114239 PMCID: PMC7690888 DOI: 10.3390/v12111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAV) have received significant attention due to the threat they pose to human, livestock, and wildlife health. In this review, we focus on what is known about IAV dynamics in less common avian species that may play a role in trafficking IAVs to poultry operations. Specifically, we focus on synanthropic bird species. Synanthropic species, otherwise known as peridomestic, are species that are ecologically associated with humans and anthropogenically modified landscapes, such as agricultural and urban areas. Aquatic birds such as waterfowl and shorebirds are the species most commonly associated with avian IAVs, and are generally considered the reservoir or maintenance hosts in the natural ecology of these viruses. Waterfowl and shorebirds are occasionally associated with poultry facilities, but are uncommon or absent in many areas, especially large commercial operations. In these cases, spillover hosts that share resources with both maintenance hosts and target hosts such as poultry may play an important role in introducing wild bird viruses onto farms. Consequently, our focus here is on what is known about IAV dynamics in synanthropic hosts that are commonly found on both farms and in nearby habitats, such as fields, lakes, wetlands, or riparian areas occupied by waterfowl or shorebirds.
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Chaudhry M, Webby R, Swayne D, Rashid HB, DeBeauchamp J, Killmaster L, Criado MF, Lee DH, Webb A, Yousaf S, Asif M, Ain QU, Khan M, Ilyas Khan M, Hasan S, Yousaf A, Mushtaque A, Bokhari SF, Hasni MS. Avian influenza at animal-human interface: One-health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:257-265. [PMID: 32032469 PMCID: PMC7182597 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Live poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan. Objectives The current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers. Methods A field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro‐neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. Results In butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9. Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9. Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers. Conclusions This study provides evidence of co‐circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Chaudhry
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hamad Bin Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Miria Ferreira Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ashley Webb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shumaila Yousaf
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mirwaise Khan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Khan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Hasan
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arfat Yousaf
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abida Mushtaque
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Fakhra Bokhari
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hasni
- Disease Surveillance Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Oladipo EK, Oloke JK, Adeniji JA. Intravenous pathogenicity of influenza virus A/H5N1/2014 isolated from pig in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Open Vet J 2018; 8:347-350. [PMID: 30483460 PMCID: PMC6172407 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses in poultry is an important scientific and public health challenge because of antigenic shift/drift and a source of novel, potentially human-pathogenic strains. We have previously isolated an influenza A strain (H5N1/2014/Ogbomoso) from an outbreak among pig and have now aimed to assess its pathogenicity in an avian host and to categorize it as a low or high pathogenic strain. Intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolated virus was assayed using experimental infection of 6 weeks old pathogen-specific free chicken. The peak of clinical signs was on day three post-infection, and one death was observed on day eight. The intravenous pathogenicity index of this isolate was 0.08. This results classify this isolate as a low pathogenic avian influenza strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolawole Oladipo
- Department of Microbiology, Virus Research Laboratory, Adeleke University, P.M.B. 250, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Pure and Applied Biology (Microbiology Unit), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J Kola Oloke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology (Microbiology Unit), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J Adekunle Adeniji
- Virology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Model Based on Poultry Transport Network in China. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7383170. [PMID: 30532797 PMCID: PMC6247641 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7383170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to analyze the spread of avian influenza A (H7N9), we construct an avian influenza transmission model from poultry (including poultry farm, backyard poultry farm, live-poultry wholesale market, and wet market) to human according to poultry transport network. We obtain the threshold value for the prevalence of avian influenza A (H7N9) and also give the existence and number of the boundary equilibria and endemic equilibria in different conditions. We can see that poultry transport network plays an important role in controlling avian influenza A (H7N9). Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effects of poultry in different places on avian influenza. In order to reduce human infections in China, our results suggest that closing the retail live-poultry market or preventing the poultry of backyard poultry farm into the live-poultry market is feasible in a suitable condition.
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7
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NOURANI L, ALIABADIAN M, DINPARAST DJADID N, MIRSHAMSI O. Occurrence of Haemoproteus spp. (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) in New Host Records of Passerine Birds from the East of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 13:267-274. [PMID: 30069211 PMCID: PMC6068377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian haemosporidians are able to parasitize numerous bird species all over the world. The extensive range of blood parasites infection rate is between 50% and 100% or less percentage. Haemoparasites with major effects on physiology, ecology, health, population dynamics, sexual selection and production success of avian hosts may promote species extinction. METHODS To evaluate haemosporidians infection rate in Iranian birds, 136 individuals were examined by microscopic observation of stained blood smears under light microscope. These samples belonged to 10 different families of Songbirds from the east of Iran from April to August 2014-2016. RESULTS Fifty-one passerine birds were detected as harboring Haemoproteus spp. Furthermore, we recorded Haemoproteus spp. infection of Granativora bruniceps, Oenanthe pleschanka for the first time in the world and eight more species for Iran. CONCLUSION Age and sampling localities do not influence the infection rate of Haemoproteus spp. from the eastern provinces of Iran. The relative high infection of avian haematozoa revealed this region might provide suitable sites for future studies on these parasites and the relationship with their hosts and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila NOURANI
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour ALIABADIAN
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,Correspondence
| | - Navid DINPARAST DJADID
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid MIRSHAMSI
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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ZHANG XINAN, ZOU LAN, CHEN JING, FANG YILE, HUANG JICAI, ZHANG JINHUI, LIU SANHONG, FENG GUANGTING, YANG CUIHONG, RUAN SHIGUI. AVIAN INFLUENZA A H7N9 VIRUS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN CHINA. J BIOL SYST 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339017400095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In March 2013, a novel avian-origin influenza A H7N9 virus was identified among human patients in China and a total of 124 human cases with 24 related deaths were confirmed by May 2013. From November 2013 to July 2017, H7N9 broke out four more times in China. A deterministic model is proposed to study the transmission dynamics of the avian influenza A H7N9 virus between wild and domestic birds and from birds to humans, and is applied to simulate the open data on numbers of the infected human cases and related deaths reported from March to May 2013 and from November 2013 to June 2014 by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is estimated and sensitivity analysis of [Formula: see text] in terms of model parameters is performed. Taking into account the fact that it broke out again from November 2014 to June 2015, from November 2015 to July 2016, and from October 2016 to July 2017, we believe that H7N9 virus has been well established in birds and will likely cause regular outbreaks in humans again in the future. Control measures for the future spread of H7N9 include (i) reducing the transmission opportunities between wild birds and domestic birds, (ii) closing or monitoring the retail live-poultry markets in the infected areas, and (iii) culling the infected domestic birds in the epidemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- XINAN ZHANG
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - LAN ZOU
- Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - JING CHEN
- Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - YILE FANG
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuchang Branch, Wuhan 430064, P. R. China
| | - JICAI HUANG
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - JINHUI ZHANG
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191, P. R. China
| | - SANHONG LIU
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P. R. China
| | - GUANGTING FENG
- School of Mathematics and Quantitative Economics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 432025, P. R. China
| | - CUIHONG YANG
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - SHIGUI RUAN
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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More S, Bicout D, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Breed A, Brouwer A, Guillemain M, Harder T, Monne I, Roberts H, Baldinelli F, Barrucci F, Fabris C, Martino L, Mosbach-Schulz O, Verdonck F, Morgado J, Stegeman JA. Avian influenza. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04991. [PMID: 32625288 PMCID: PMC7009867 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) to the EU were most likely via migratory wild birds. A mathematical model has been developed which indicated that virus amplification and spread may take place when wild bird populations of sufficient size within EU become infected. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) may reach similar maximum prevalence levels in wild bird populations to HPAIV but the risk of LPAIV infection of a poultry holding was estimated to be lower than that of HPAIV. Only few non-wild bird pathways were identified having a non-negligible risk of AI introduction. The transmission rate between animals within a flock is assessed to be higher for HPAIV than LPAIV. In very few cases, it could be proven that HPAI outbreaks were caused by intrinsic mutation of LPAIV to HPAIV but current knowledge does not allow a prediction as to if, and when this could occur. In gallinaceous poultry, passive surveillance through notification of suspicious clinical signs/mortality was identified as the most effective method for early detection of HPAI outbreaks. For effective surveillance in anseriform poultry, passive surveillance through notification of suspicious clinical signs/mortality needs to be accompanied by serological surveillance and/or a virological surveillance programme of birds found dead (bucket sampling). Serosurveillance is unfit for early warning of LPAI outbreaks at the individual holding level but could be effective in tracing clusters of LPAIV-infected holdings. In wild birds, passive surveillance is an appropriate method for HPAIV surveillance if the HPAIV infections are associated with mortality whereas active wild bird surveillance has a very low efficiency for detecting HPAIV. Experts estimated and emphasised the effect of implementing specific biosecurity measures on reducing the probability of AIV entering into a poultry holding. Human diligence is pivotal to select, implement and maintain specific, effective biosecurity measures.
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Brown I, Mulatti P, Smietanka K, Staubach C, Willeberg P, Adlhoch C, Candiani D, Fabris C, Zancanaro G, Morgado J, Verdonck F. Avian influenza overview October 2016-August 2017. EFSA J 2017; 15:e05018. [PMID: 32625308 PMCID: PMC7009863 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The A(H5N8) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic occurred in 29 European countries in 2016/2017 and has been the largest ever recorded in the EU in terms of number of poultry outbreaks, geographical extent and number of dead wild birds. Multiple primary incursions temporally related with all major poultry sectors affected but secondary spread was most commonly associated with domestic waterfowl species. A massive effort of all the affected EU Member States (MSs) allowed a descriptive epidemiological overview of the cases in poultry, captive birds and wild birds, providing also information on measures applied at the individual MS level. Data on poultry population structure are required to facilitate data and risk factor analysis, hence to strengthen science-based advice to risk managers. It is suggested to promote common understanding and application of definitions related to control activities and their reporting across MSs. Despite a large number of human exposures to infected poultry occurred during the ongoing outbreaks, no transmission to humans has been identified. Monitoring the avian influenza (AI) situation in other continents indicated a potential risk of long-distance spread of HPAI virus (HPAIV) A(H5N6) from Asia to wintering grounds towards Western Europe, similarly to what happened with HPAIV A(H5N8) and HPAIV A(H5N1) in previous years. Furthermore, the HPAI situation in Africa with A(H5N8) and A(H5N1) is rapidly evolving. Strengthening collaborations at National, EU and Global levels would allow close monitoring of the AI situation, ultimately helping to increase preparedness. No human case was reported in the EU due to AIVs subtypes A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2). Direct transmission of these viruses to humans has only been reported in areas, mainly in Asia and Egypt, with a substantial involvement of wild bird and/or poultry populations. It is suggested to improve the collection and reporting of exposure events of people to AI.
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11
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New Host Records for Haemoproteus Spp. (Apicomplexa: Haemosporidiasina) in Passeriformes from North-West of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:236-241. [PMID: 29062848 PMCID: PMC5641612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Haemoproteus occur in different avian hosts all over the world. Various genus of blood sucking insects' families such as Hippoboscidae and Ceratopogonidae could transmit Haemoproteus in avian hosts. There are very limited number of studies on wild infected birds with blood parasites in Iran, so the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Haemoproteus spp. infection in passerine birds from northwest of Iran. METHODS Passerines were collected from four different localities in Zanjan Province, northwest Iran during June to August 2014. RESULTS Of 86 passerines, we found Haemoproteus infection in 19 (22.09%) individuals. In general, 15 bird species were observed for haemosporidians, of which 53% were infected. CONCLUSION Three species of passerines: Petronia petronia, Sitta tephronota and Acrocephalus melanopogon are new host records for Haemoproteus infection in the world. Results acquired by this study support widespread distribution of Haemoproteus in passerines and illustrated the prevalence of Haemoproteus species in wild birds of northwest of Iran. Conclusively, our study specified that more investigations are needed to reach exact prevalence rate in different families of birds in Iran.
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Caron A, Cappelle J, Gaidet N. Challenging the conceptual framework of maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses in wild birds. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- UPR AGIRs; Department Environment & Societies; Cirad; Campus International de Baillarguet; Montpellier 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Edouardo Mondlane; Av. de Moçambique Km; 1,5 - Caixa Postal 257 Maputo 01009 Moçambique
| | - Julien Cappelle
- UPR AGIRs; Department Environment & Societies; Cirad; Campus International de Baillarguet; Montpellier 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Epi-SP, 5; Boulevard Monivong; BP 983 Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Nicolas Gaidet
- UPR AGIRs; Department Environment & Societies; Cirad; Campus International de Baillarguet; Montpellier 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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13
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Liu S, Ruan S, Zhang X. Nonlinear dynamics of avian influenza epidemic models. Math Biosci 2016; 283:118-135. [PMID: 27887851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease caused by the transmission of the avian influenza A virus, such as H5N1 and H7N9, from birds to humans. The avian influenza A H5N1 virus has caused more than 500 human infections worldwide with nearly a 60% death rate since it was first reported in Hong Kong in 1997. The four outbreaks of the avian influenza A H7N9 in China from March 2013 to June 2016 have resulted in 580 human cases including 202 deaths with a death rate of nearly 35%. In this paper, we construct two avian influenza bird-to-human transmission models with different growth laws of the avian population, one with logistic growth and the other with Allee effect, and analyze their dynamical behavior. We obtain a threshold value for the prevalence of avian influenza and investigate the local or global asymptotical stability of each equilibrium of these systems by using linear analysis technique or combining Liapunov function method and LaSalle's invariance principle, respectively. Moreover, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of periodic solutions in the avian influenza system with Allee effect of the avian population. Numerical simulations are also presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shigui Ruan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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14
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Zhao T, Qian YH, Chen SH, Wang GL, Wu MN, Huang Y, Ma GY, Fang LQ, Gray GC, Lu B, Tong YG, Ma MJ, Cao WC. Novel H7N2 and H5N6 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Sentinel Chickens: A Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Study. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1766. [PMID: 27899915 PMCID: PMC5110548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, a sentinel chicken surveillance for avian influenza viruses was conducted in aquatic bird habitat near Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Two H7N2, one H5N6, and two H9N2 viruses were isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that the H7N2 virus is a novel reassortant of H7N9 and H9N2 viruses and H5N6 virus is a reassortant of H5N1 clade 2.3.4 and H6N6 viruses. Substitutions V186 and L226 (H3 numbering) in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene protein was found in two H7N2 viruses but not in the H5N6 virus. Two A138 and A160 mutations were identified in the HA gene protein of all three viruses but a P128 mutation was only observed in the H5N6 virus. A deletion of 3 and 11 amino acids in the neuraminidase stalk region was found in two H7N2 and H5N6 viruses, respectively. Moreover, a mutation of N31 in M2 protein was observed in both two H7N2 viruses. High similarity of these isolated viruses to viruses previously identified among poultry and humans, suggests that peridomestic aquatic birds may play a role in sustaining novel virus transmission. Therefore, continued surveillance is needed to monitor these avian influenza viruses in wild bird and domestic poultry that may pose a threat to poultry and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Qian
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuxi, China
| | - Shan-Hui Chen
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Ma
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Global Health Institute, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Gang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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15
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Shriner SA, Root JJ, Lutman MW, Kloft JM, VanDalen KK, Sullivan HJ, White TS, Milleson MP, Hairston JL, Chandler SC, Wolf PC, Turnage CT, McCluskey BJ, Vincent AL, Torchetti MK, Gidlewski T, DeLiberto TJ. Surveillance for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36237. [PMID: 27812044 PMCID: PMC5095889 DOI: 10.1038/srep36237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2014, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in Canada. Introduced viruses were soon detected in the United States and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. In an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the Eurasian H5 virus, the United States Department of Agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. As part of those efforts, we sampled synanthropic birds and mammals at five infected and five uninfected poultry farms in northwest Iowa for exposure to avian influenza viruses. Across all farms, we collected 2,627 samples from 648 individual birds and mammals. House mice were the most common mammal species captured while house sparrows, European starlings, rock pigeons, swallows, and American robins were the most commonly captured birds. A single European starling was positive for Eurasian H5 viral RNA and seropositive for antibodies reactive to the Eurasian H5 virus. Two American robins were also seropositive. No mammal species showed evidence of infection. These results indicate synanthropic species merit further scrutiny to better understand potential biosecurity risks. We propose a set of management practices aimed at reducing wildlife incursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Shriner
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J. Jeffrey Root
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark W. Lutman
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kaci K. VanDalen
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul C. Wolf
- Wildlife Services, USDA-APHIS, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Brian J. McCluskey
- Science, Technology and Analysis Services, Veterinary Services, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy L. Vincent
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Mia K. Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science, Technology and Analysis Services, Veterinary Services, USDA-APHIS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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16
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Experimental Challenge of a Peridomestic Avian Species, European Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ), with Novel Influenza A H7N9 Virus from China. J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:709-12. [PMID: 27285413 DOI: 10.7589/2016-02-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2013 a novel avian influenza H7N9 virus was isolated from several critically ill patients in China, and infection with this virus has since caused more than 200 human deaths. Live poultry markets are the likely locations of virus exposure to humans. Peridomestic avian species also may play important roles in the transmission and maintenance of H7N9 at live poultry markets. We experimentally challenged wild European Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) with the novel H7N9 virus and measured virus excretion, clinical signs, and infectious dose. We found that European Starlings can be infected with this virus when inoculated with relatively high doses, and we predict that infected birds excrete sufficient amounts of virus to transmit to other birds, including domestic chickens. Infected European Starlings showed no clinical signs or mortality after infection with H7N9. This abundant peridomestic bird may be a source of the novel H7N9 virus in live poultry markets and may have roles in virus transmission to poultry and humans.
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17
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Bosco-Lauth AM, Bowen RA, Root JJ. Limited transmission of emergent H7N9 influenza A virus in a simulated live animal market: Do chickens pose the principal transmission threat? Virology 2016; 495:161-6. [PMID: 27236304 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emergent H7N9 influenza A virus has caused multiple public health and financial hardships. While some epidemiological studies have recognized infected chickens as an important bridge for human infections, the generality of this observation, the minimum infectious dose, and the shedding potential of chickens have received conflicting results. We experimentally tested the ability of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) to transmit H7N9 to co-housed chickens and to several other animal species in an experimental live animal market. Results indicated that an infected chicken failed to initiate viral shedding of H7N9 to naïve co-housed chickens. The infected chicken did, however, successfully transmit the virus to quail (Coturnix sp.) located directly below the infected chicken cage. Oral shedding by indirectly infected quail was, on average, greater than ten-fold that of directly inoculated chickens. Best management practices in live animal market systems should consider the position of quail in stacked-cage settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Root
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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18
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Evaluation and optimization of a commercial blocking ELISA for detecting antibodies to influenza A virus for research and surveillance of mallards. J Virol Methods 2016; 228:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Transmission via shared water implicates passerine birds as possible vectors for dissemination of this virus. Low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has been detected in poultry since 2013, and the virus has caused >450 infections in humans. The mode of subtype H7N9 virus transmission between avian species remains largely unknown, but various wild birds have been implicated as a source of transmission. H7N9 virus was recently detected in a wild sparrow in Shanghai, China, and passerine birds, such as finches, which share space and resources with wild migratory birds, poultry, and humans, can be productively infected with the virus. We demonstrate that interspecies transmission of H7N9 virus occurs readily between society finches and bobwhite quail but only sporadically between finches and chickens. Inoculated finches are better able to infect naive poultry than the reverse. Transmission occurs through shared water but not through the airborne route. It is therefore conceivable that passerine birds may serve as vectors for dissemination of H7N9 virus to domestic poultry.
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20
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Su W, Wang C, Luo J, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Chen L, Zhao N, Li M, Xing C, Liu H, Zhang H, Chang YF, Li T, Ding H, Wan X, He H. Testing the Effect of Internal Genes Derived from a Wild-Bird-Origin H9N2 Influenza A Virus on the Pathogenicity of an A/H7N9 Virus. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1831-41. [PMID: 26344762 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses have diversified into multiple lineages by dynamically reassorting with other viruses, especially H9N2, in Chinese poultry. Despite concerns about the pandemic threat posed by H7N9 viruses, little is known about the biological properties of H7N9 viruses that may recruit internal genes from genetically distinct H9N2 viruses circulating among wild birds. Here, we generated 63 H7N9 reassortants derived from an avian H7N9 and a wild-bird-origin H9N2 virus. Compared with the wild-type parent, 25/63 reassortants had increased pathogenicity in mice. A reassortant containing PB1 of the H9N2 virus was highly lethal to mice and chickens but was not transmissible to guinea pigs by airborne routes; however, three substitutions associated with adaptation to mammals conferred airborne transmission to the virus. The emergence of the H7N9-pandemic reassortant virus highlights that continuous monitoring of H7N9 viruses is needed, especially at the domestic poultry/wild bird interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Zhao
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Xing
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yung-fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-5786, USA
| | - Tianxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Xiufeng Wan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife Born Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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21
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Abstract
In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host’s function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections.
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22
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Fries AC, Nolting JM, Bowman AS, Lin X, Halpin RA, Wester E, Fedorova N, Stockwell TB, Das SR, Dugan VG, Wentworth DE, Gibbs HL, Slemons RD. Spread and persistence of influenza A viruses in waterfowl hosts in the North American Mississippi migratory flyway. J Virol 2015; 89:5371-81. [PMID: 25741003 PMCID: PMC4442537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03249-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED While geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n = 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir. IMPORTANCE Migratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xudong Lin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eric Wester
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia Fedorova
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Suman R Das
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivien G Dugan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - H Lisle Gibbs
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Ohio Biodiversity Conservation Partnership, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard D Slemons
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Zaraket H, Baranovich T, Kaplan BS, Carter R, Song MS, Paulson JC, Rehg JE, Bahl J, Crumpton JC, Seiler J, Edmonson M, Wu G, Karlsson E, Fabrizio T, Zhu H, Guan Y, Husain M, Schultz-Cherry S, Krauss S, McBride R, Webster RG, Govorkova EA, Zhang J, Russell CJ, Webby RJ. Mammalian adaptation of influenza A(H7N9) virus is limited by a narrow genetic bottleneck. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6553. [PMID: 25850788 PMCID: PMC4403340 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus is associated mainly with the exposure to infected poultry. The factors that allow interspecies transmission but limit human-to-human transmission are unknown. Here we show that A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) influenza virus infection of chickens (natural hosts) is asymptomatic and that it generates a high genetic diversity. In contrast, diversity is tightly restricted in infected ferrets, limiting further adaptation to a fully transmissible form. Airborne transmission in ferrets is accompanied by the mutations in PB1, NP and NA genes that reduce viral polymerase and neuraminidase activity. Therefore, while A(H7N9) virus can infect mammals, further adaptation appears to incur a fitness cost. Our results reveal that a tight genetic bottleneck during avian-to-mammalian transmission is a limiting factor in A(H7N9) influenza virus adaptation to mammals. This previously unrecognized biological mechanism limiting species jumps provides a measure of adaptive potential and may serve as a risk assessment tool for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Baranovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Bryan S. Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Department of Computation Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - James C. Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-L71, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Justin Bahl
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Jeri C. Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jon Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Michael Edmonson
- Department of Computation Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computation Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Erik Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Huachen Zhu
- Joint Influenza Research Center (Shantou University Medical College & Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, PR China
| | - Yi Guan
- Joint Influenza Research Center (Shantou University Medical College & Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, PR China
| | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-L71, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Robert G. Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Elena A. Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computation Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Charles J. Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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24
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Bui C, Bethmont A, Chughtai AA, Gardner L, Sarkar S, Hassan S, Seale H, MacIntyre CR. A Systematic Review of the Comparative Epidemiology of Avian and Human Influenza A H5N1 and H7N9 - Lessons and Unanswered Questions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:602-620. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bui
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. Bethmont
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. A. Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - L. Gardner
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - S. Sarkar
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - S. Hassan
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H. Seale
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. R. MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus infection in three species of pet birds in northwest China. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:296285. [PMID: 25530995 PMCID: PMC4230193 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of HEV infection in pet birds in northwest China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine HEV seroprevalence in three species of pet birds, namely, Eurasian siskin, Oriental skylark, and black-tailed grosbeak from Gansu. Serum samples collected from 685 pet birds from August 2011 to September 2012 were examined independently for the presence of antibodies against HEV. A total of 59 (8.31%) pet birds were tested positive for HEV antibodies by the commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. Of these, the seroprevalence was diverse in different species pet birds; the most frequent level was 10.83% (39/360) in Eurasian siskin, followed by 6.57% (19/289) in Oriental skylark, and 2.29% (1/36) in black-tailed grosbeak. Age and collecting region of pet birds were the main risk factors associated with HEV infection. The present study firstly revealed the seroprevalence of HEV infection in three species of pet birds in northwest China, which provided the baseline data for taking comprehensive countermeasures and measures for effectively preventing and controlling HEV infection in birds.
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Caron A, Grosbois V, Etter E, Gaidet N, de Garine-Wichatitsky M. Bridge hosts for avian influenza viruses at the wildlife/domestic interface: an eco-epidemiological framework implemented in southern Africa. Prev Vet Med 2014; 117:590-600. [PMID: 25457135 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wild terrestrial birds can act as potential local spreaders or bridge hosts for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) between waterfowl (the maintenance hosts of AIVs) and domestic avian populations in which AIVs may cause disease. Few studies have investigated this hypothesis, although it is an important knowledge gap in our understanding of AIV spread within socio-ecosystems. We designed a simple and reproducible approach in an agro-ecosystem in Zimbabwe based on: (1) bird counts at key target sites (i.e., wetlands, villages, intensive poultry production buildings and ostrich farms) to identify which wild birds species co-occur in these different sites and seasons when the risk of AIV transmission through these potential bridge hosts is maximal and (2) targeted sampling and testing for AIV infection in the identified potential bridge hosts. We found that 12 wild bird species represented the vast majority (79%) of co-occurrences in the different sites, whereas 230 bird species were recorded in this ecosystem. Specifically, three species - barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea and cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis - represented the main potential bridge host species (65% of co-occurrences). In two out of these three species (i.e., barn swallow and red-billed quelea), we detected AIV infections, confirming that they can play a bridge function between waterfowl and domestic species in the ecosystem. Our approach can be easily implemented in other ecosystems to identify potential bridge hosts, and our results have implications in terms of surveillance, risk management and control of AIV spread in socio-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caron
- Cirad, UPR AGIRs, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cirad, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Montpellier, France; Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - V Grosbois
- Cirad, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Montpellier, France.
| | - E Etter
- Cirad, UPR AGIRs, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cirad, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Montpellier, France.
| | - N Gaidet
- Cirad, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Montpellier, France.
| | - M de Garine-Wichatitsky
- Cirad, UPR AGIRs, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cirad, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Montpellier, France.
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