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Prado AF, Prist PR, Mucci LF, de Freitas PD. Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:609. [PMID: 38791823 PMCID: PMC11120827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the Americas, wild yellow fever (WYF) is an infectious disease that is highly lethal for some non-human primate species and non-vaccinated people. Specifically, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys mosquitoes act as the major vectors. Despite transmission risk being related to vector densities, little is known about how landscape structure affects vector abundance and movement. To fill these gaps, we used vector abundance data and a model-selection approach to assess how landscape structure affects vector abundance, aiming to identify connecting elements for virus dispersion in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Our findings show that Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys abundances, in highly degraded and fragmented landscapes, are mainly affected by increases in forest cover at scales of 2.0 and 2.5 km, respectively. Fragmented landscapes provide ecological corridors for vector dispersion, which, along with high vector abundance, promotes the creation of risk areas for WYF virus spread, especially along the border with Minas Gerais state, the upper edges of the Serra do Mar, in the Serra da Cantareira, and in areas of the metropolitan regions of São Paulo and Campinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Francisco Prado
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Luis Filipe Mucci
- Taubaté Regional Lab., State Department of Health of São Paulo, Instituto Pasteur, Pça. Coronel Vitoriano, 23, Taubate 12020-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Domingues de Freitas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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Fernandes NCCDA, Cunha MS, Suarez PEN, Machado EF, Garcia JM, De Carvalho ACSR, Figueiredo KB, Ressio RA, Matsumoto PSS, Saad LDC, de Jesus IP, de Carvalho J, Ferreira CSDS, Spínola RMF, Maeda AY, Guerra JM. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a new introduction of Yellow Fever virus in São Paulo State, Brazil, 2023. Acta Trop 2024; 251:107110. [PMID: 38163515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Yellow Fever (YF) is a viral arbovirosis of Public Health importance. In Brazil, surveillance is focused mainly on detecting epizootic events of Platyrrhini. Herein, we compared the detection and phylogenetic analysis of YF virus in two neotropical primates (NTP), a Callithrix detected in the previous epidemic period (2016-2020), and a Callicebus nigrifons, showing a new introduction of YF in 2023. This paper illustrates the importance of joint actions of laboratory and field teams to ensure quick response to Public Health emergencies, such as the intensification of vaccination of susceptible human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ferreira Machado
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia de Carvalho
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dias JS, Beltrão-Mendes R, Bezerra TL, La Corte R. Parasites and Viruses in Callithrix in Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:152-163. [PMID: 38184509 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a result of environmental imbalances of anthropogenic origin, the potential for transmission of parasites and viruses between different primates, including humans, might increase. Thus, parasitic studies have great relevance to primatology, which motivated us to conduct a literature review to synthesize the information available in American primates of the Callithrix genus. METHODS We carried out the bibliographic search on the main groups of parasites (protozoa, helminths, arthropods, ectoparasites) and viruses found in Callithrix in Brazil in search platforms and consider all manuscript that appeared in search engines, published between the years 1910 and December 2022. In each selected article, the following information was recorded: the host species; parasite taxa; scientific classification of the parasite; host habitat (free-living, captive); diagnostic technique; state; and bibliographic reference. Data were tabulated and arranged in a parasite-host table. RESULTS Some endemic genera, such as Callithrix, are widely distributed geographically across Brazil and have characteristics of adaptation to different habitats due to their flexibility in diet and behavior. These factors can make them subject to a greater diversity of parasites and viruses in the country. Here, we identified 68 parasitic taxa, belonging to the clades protozoa (n = 22), helminths (n = 34), ectoparasites (n = 7), and viruses (n = 5). Out of this total, 19 have zoonotic potential. Of the six existing marmoset species, Callithrix jacchus was the most frequent in studies, and Callithrix flaviceps did not have reports. All regions of the country had occurrences, mainly the Southeast, where 54% of the cases were reported. In 46% of the reported parasites and viruses, it was not possible to identify the corresponding species. CONCLUSION We conclude that in part of the works the identification methods are not being specific, which makes it difficult to identify the species that affects Callithrix spp. Furthermore, the studies present geographic disparities, being concentrated in the southeast of the country, making it impossible to have a more uniform analysis of the findings. Thus, it is observed that information about parasites and viruses is incipient in the genus Callithrix in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Souza Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Tropical Entomology and Parasitology, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenue Marechal Rondon, S/N, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Raone Beltrão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Taynar Lima Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Secco H, Farina LF, da Costa VO, Beiroz W, Guerreiro M, Gonçalves PR. Identifying Roadkill Hotspots for Mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest using a Functional Group Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:365-377. [PMID: 37294316 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A critical step to design wildlife mitigating measures is the identification of roadkill hotspots. However, the effectiveness of mitigations based on roadkill hotspots depends on whether spatial aggregations are recurrent over time, spatially restricted, and most importantly, shared by species with diverse ecological and functional characteristics. We used a functional group approach to map roadkill hotspots for mammalian species along the BR-101/North RJ, a major road crossing important remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We tested if functional groups present distinct hotspot patterns, and if they converge into the same road sectors, in that case, favoring optimal mitigating actions. Roadkill rates were monitored and recorded between October/2014 and September/2018 and species were classified into six functional groups based on their home range, body size, locomotion mode, diet, and forest-dependency. Hotspots along the roads were mapped for comparison of spatial patterns between functional groups. Results demonstrated that the roadkill index varied idiosyncratically for each functional group throughout the months and that no group presented seasonality. Seven hotspots were shared by two or more functional groups, highlighting the importance of these road stretches to regional mammal fauna. Two of the stretches are associated with aquatic areas extending from one side of the road to the other, and the remaining are connected to patches of native vegetation on both sides. This work brings a promising approach, yet hardly used in ecological studies on roads to analyze roadkill dynamics, assigning more importance to ecological instead of taxonomical characteristics, normally used to identify spatiotemporal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Secco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil.
- Falco Ambiental Consultoria, Macaé, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wallace Beiroz
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
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Kuno G. Mechanisms of Yellow Fever Transmission: Gleaning the Overlooked Records of Importance and Identifying Problems, Puzzles, Serious Issues, Surprises and Research Questions. Viruses 2024; 16:84. [PMID: 38257784 PMCID: PMC10820296 DOI: 10.3390/v16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In viral disease research, few diseases can compete with yellow fever for the volume of literature, historical significance, richness of the topics and the amount of strong interest among both scientists and laypersons. While the major foci of viral disease research shifted to other more pressing new diseases in recent decades, many critically important basic tasks still remain unfinished for yellow fever. Some of the examples include the mechanisms of transmission, the process leading to outbreak occurrence, environmental factors, dispersal, and viral persistence in nature. In this review, these subjects are analyzed in depth, based on information not only in old but in modern literatures, to fill in blanks and to update the current understanding on these topics. As a result, many valuable facts, ideas, and other types of information that complement the present knowledge were discovered. Very serious questions about the validity of the arbovirus concept and some research practices were also identified. The characteristics of YFV and its pattern of transmission that make this virus unique among viruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti were also explored. Another emphasis was identification of research questions. The discovery of a few historical surprises was an unexpected benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kuno
- Formerly at the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Garcia-Oliveira GF, Guimarães ACDS, Moreira GD, Costa TA, Arruda MS, de Mello ÉM, Silva MC, de Almeida MG, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N, Drumond BP. YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021-2023). Viruses 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 38257732 PMCID: PMC10818614 DOI: 10.3390/v16010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017-2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5'UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the β-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by Callithrix, from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Gabriel Dias Moreira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Thais Alkifeles Costa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlise Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USA;
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil; (G.F.G.-O.); (A.C.D.S.G.); (G.D.M.); (T.A.C.); (M.S.A.)
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Echenique JVZ, Gris AH, Camargo LJ, De Lorenzo C, Bertolini M, Barbosa FMS, Ansolch M, Canal CW, Panziera W, Pavarini SP, Sonne L. Fatal Simplexvirus humanalpha1 infection in howler-monkeys (Alouatta sp.) under human care: Clinical, molecular, and pathological findings. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:392-399. [PMID: 37602976 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (HuAHV-1) are common anthropozoonosis reported in marmosets but rare in howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.). METHODS Necropsy of two brown-howler monkeys (A. caraya) and one red-howler monkey (A. guariba clamitans) from different zoo collections were performed. Fragments of all organs were examined through microscopy. Samples were submitted to IHC for Simplexvirus humanalpha 2 (HuAHV-2) [sin. Herpesvirus simplex type 2] and PCR. RESULTS Grossly, only the A. guariba showed liver lesions characterized by multifocal, pinpoint white areas corresponding microscopically as random necrotizing herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis. Both A. caraya showed necrotizing meningoencephalitis with Cowdry A-type body inclusions within neurons and astrocytes. Immunolabeling for HuAHV-1/2 was observed in the tongue, liver, and brain. HuAHV-1 was confirmed in all samples by PCR, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. CONCLUSION Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was appreciated in 2/3 of animals, and it is associated with neurologic signs. Along with ulcerative glossitis, a hallmark lesion in marmosets, it was present in one animal. Regarding herpetic hepatitis, it is not frequent in monkeys and occurs mainly in immunocompromised animals. HuAHV-1 infection was confirmed corroborating with a human source. This is the second report on captive black-howler monkeys and the first gross, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular description of herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis in red-howler monkeys (A. guariba).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna V Z Echenique
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson H Gris
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura J Camargo
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cíntia De Lorenzo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marianna Bertolini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Franscisca M S Barbosa
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moira Ansolch
- Mantenedor de Fauna Arca de Noé (MFAN), Morro Reuter, Brazil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Welden Panziera
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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de Almeida PR, Weber MN, Sonne L, Spilki FR. Aedes-borne orthoflavivirus infections in neotropical primates - Ecology, susceptibility, and pathogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2030-2038. [PMID: 38230520 PMCID: PMC10800122 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231220659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases comprise a group of important infectious diseases imposing a heavy burden to public health in many locations of the world. Orthoflaviviruses are viruses belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus; this genus includes some of the most relevant arboviruses to human health. Orthoflaviviruses can infect several different hosts, with some species being transmitted in cycles involving birds and anthropophilic mosquitoes and others transmitted between mammals and mostly Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Some of the most important sylvatic reservoirs of orthoflaviviruses are non-human primates (NHPs). Many flaviviruses that infect NHPs in nature have the potential to cause epidemics in humans, as has been observed in the cases of Orthoflavivirus denguei (dengue virus - DENV), Orthoflavivirus flavi (yellow fever virus - YFV), and Orthoflavivirus zikaense (Zika virus - ZIKV). In this minireview, we discuss important aspects regarding history, ecology involving NHP, distribution, disease outcome, and pathogenesis of these three major orthoflaviviruses that affect humans and NHP and relate this information to the potential of using NHP as experimental models. In addition, we suggest some orthoflaviviruses that could be better investigated, both in nature and in experimental studies, in light of the recent revolution in molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Veterinary Pathology Sector, Veterinary Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
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Salas-Rojas M, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Almazán-Marín C, Rodas-Martínez AZ, Aguilar-Setién Á, Drexler JF. Serological evidence for potential yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates, southeastern Mexico. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2023; 5:14. [PMID: 37876014 PMCID: PMC10594671 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne flaviviruses like dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are major human pathogens. In Latin America, YFV is maintained in sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest-dwelling mosquitos. YFV supposedly does not circulate north of Panama. METHODS We conducted a serologic study for flaviviruses and other emerging viruses in NHP from southeastern Mexico. A total of thirty sera of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi, n = 25), black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra, n = 3), and mantled howler monkeys (Al. palliata, n = 2) sampled in 2012 and 2018 were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detected IgG antibodies against DENV, YFV, Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Zaire Ebola virus, and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) representing all mosquito-borne flavivirus serocomplexes circulating in the Americas. RESULTS A total of 16 sera (53.3%; 95% CI, 34.3-71.7) showed IFA reactivity to at least one tested flavivirus with end-point titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. No serum reacted with other viruses. Monotypic and high mean PRNT90 endpoint YFV titers of 1:246 were found in 3 black-handed spider monkey sera (10.0%; 95% CI, 2.1-26.5) sampled in 2018 in Tabasco, compared to all other flaviviruses tested. Monotypic endpoint PRNT90 titers of 1:28 for Ilheus virus and 1:22 for WNV in serum of black howler monkeys sampled in 2018 in Tabasco suggested additional flavivirus exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may suggest unnoticed YFV circulation. Intensification of YFV surveillance in NHP and vectors is warranted in Mexico and potentially other areas considered free of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salas-Rojas
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cenia Almazán-Marín
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Alba Zulema Rodas-Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Álvaro Aguilar-Setién
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Rangel MEO, Duarte AMRC, Oliveira TMP, Mucci LF, Loss AC, Loaiza JR, Laporta GZ, Sallum MAM. Zoonotic Malaria Risk in Serra Do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2465. [PMID: 37894123 PMCID: PMC10609463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the main goal is to assess natural infections of Plasmodium spp. in anophelines in a forest reserve from the same region where we previously found a surprisingly high rate (5.2%) of plasmodia infections (n = 25) in Kerteszia mosquitoes (N = 480) on the slopes of Serra do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The mosquito collection sampling was carried out at the Legado das Águas Forest Reserve using CDC light traps and Shannon traps at night (5-10 pm) in 3-day collections in November 2021 and March, April, May, and November 2022. The captured specimens were morphologically identified at the species level and had their genomic DNA extracted in pools of up to 10 mosquitoes/pool. Each pool was tested using 18S qPCR and cytb nested PCR plus sequencing. A total of 5301 mosquitoes, mostly belonging to the genus Kerteszia (99.7%), were sampled and sorted into 773 pools. Eight pools positive for Plasmodium spp. were identified: four for Plasmodium spp., one for P. vivax or P. simium, one for P. malariae or P. brasilianum, and two for the P. falciparum-like parasite. After Sanger sequencing, two results were further confirmed: P. vivax or P. simium and P. malariae or P. brasilianum. The minimum infection rate for Kerteszia mosquitoes was 0.15% (eight positive pools/5285 Kerteszia mosquitoes). The study reveals a lower-than-expected natural infection rate (expected = 5.2% vs. observed = 0.15%). This low rate relates to the absence of Alouatta monkeys as the main simian malaria reservoir in the studied region. Their absence was due to a significant population decline following the reemergence of yellow fever virus outbreaks in the Atlantic Forest from 2016 to 2019. However, this also indicates the existence of alternative reservoirs to infect Kerteszia mosquitoes. The found zoonotic species of Plasmodium, including the P. falciparum-like parasite, may represent a simian malaria risk and thus a challenge for malaria elimination in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. O. Rangel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria R. C. Duarte
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Institute Pasteur, State Secretary of Health of São Paulo, São Paulo 01311-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M. P. Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F. Mucci
- Institute Pasteur, State Secretary of Health of São Paulo, São Paulo 01311-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Loss
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-710, ES, Brazil;
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services of Panama (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice M. Sallum
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
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11
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Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Macêdo IL, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Passos PHO, Costa GRT, Fonseca VS, Mares-Guia MAMM, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Filippis AMB, Paludo GR, Melo CB, Castro MB. Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236384. [PMID: 37670831 PMCID: PMC10475956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi E. R. Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais M. Wilson
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabel L. Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P. M. Romano
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Ramos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. O. Passos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. T. Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Environmental Health Surveillance Directorate of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vagner S. Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B. de Filippis
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giane R. Paludo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B. Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcio B. Castro
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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12
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Silva NIO, Albery GF, Arruda MS, Oliveira GFG, Costa TA, de Mello ÉM, Moreira GD, Reis EV, da Silva SA, Silva MC, de Almeida MG, Becker DJ, Carlson CJ, Vasilakis N, Hanley KA, Drumond BP. Ecological drivers of sustained enzootic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil, 2017-2021. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011407. [PMID: 37276217 PMCID: PMC10270639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beginning December 2016, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks spread into southeastern Brazil, and Minas Gerais state experienced two sylvatic YF waves (2017 and 2018). Following these massive YF waves, we screened 187 free-living non-human primate (NHPs) carcasses collected throughout the state between January 2019 and June 2021 for YF virus (YFV) using RTqPCR. One sample belonging to a Callithrix, collected in June 2020, was positive for YFV. The viral strain belonged to the same lineage associated with 2017-2018 outbreaks, showing the continued enzootic circulation of YFV in the state. Next, using data from 781 NHPs carcasses collected in 2017-18, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the spatiotemporal and host-level drivers of YFV infection and intensity (an estimation of genomic viral load in the liver of infected NHP). Our GAMMs explained 65% and 68% of variation in virus infection and intensity, respectively, and uncovered strong temporal and spatial patterns for YFV infection and intensity. NHP infection was higher in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, where 2017-2018 outbreaks affecting humans and NHPs were concentrated. The odds of YFV infection were significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas than from urban-rural or rural areas, while infection intensity was significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas or the urban-rural interface relative to rural areas. Both YFV infection and intensity were higher during the warm/rainy season compared to the cold/dry season. The higher YFV intensity in NHPs in warm/rainy periods could be a result of higher exposure to vectors and/or higher virus titers in vectors during this time resulting in the delivery of a higher virus dose and higher viral replication levels within NHPs. Further studies are needed to better test this hypothesis and further compare the dynamics of YFV enzootic cycles between different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F. Albery
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Alkifeles Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Moreira
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinícius Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Agostinho da Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlise Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Munique Guimarães de Almeida
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Ribeiro IP, Delatorre E, de Abreu FVS, dos Santos AAC, Furtado ND, Ferreira-de-Brito A, de Pina-Costa A, Neves MSAS, de Castro MG, Motta MDA, Brasil P, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Ecological, Genetic, and Phylogenetic Aspects of YFV 2017-2019 Spread in Rio de Janeiro State. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020437. [PMID: 36851651 PMCID: PMC9961572 DOI: 10.3390/v15020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, a yellow fever (YF) outbreak was reported in areas considered YF-free for decades. The low vaccination coverage and the increasing forest fragmentation, with the wide distribution of vector mosquitoes, have been related to yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission beyond endemic areas since 2016. Aiming to elucidate the molecular and phylogenetic aspects of YFV spread on a local scale, we generated 43 new YFV genomes sampled from humans, non-human primates (NHP), and primarily, mosquitoes from highly heterogenic areas in 15 localities from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state during the YFV 2016-2019 outbreak in southeast Brazil. Our analysis revealed that the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of the sylvatic transmission of YFV in RJ originated from at least two introductions and followed two chains of dissemination, here named the YFV RJ-I and YFV RJ-II clades. They moved with similar dispersal speeds from the north to the south of the RJ state in parallel directions, separated by the Serra do Mar Mountain chain, with YFV RJ-I invading the north coast of São Paulo state. The YFV RJ-I clade showed a more significant heterogeneity across the entire polyprotein. The YFV RJ-II clade, with only two amino acid polymorphisms, mapped at NS1 (I1086V), present only in mosquitoes at the same locality and NS4A (I2176V), shared by all YFV clade RJ-II, suggests a recent clustering of YFV isolates collected from different hosts. Our analyses strengthen the role of surveillance, genomic analyses of YVF isolated from other hosts, and environmental studies into the strategies to forecast, control, and prevent yellow fever outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Araújo Cunha dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Teresópolis, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, UNIFESO, Teresópolis 25955-001, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Laboratório de Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.L.-d.-O.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.L.-d.-O.); (M.C.B.)
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14
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Andrade MS, Campos FS, de Oliveira CH, Oliveira RS, Campos AAS, de Almeida MAB, Fonseca VDS, Simonini-Teixeira D, Sevá ADP, Temponi AOD, Magalhães FM, Chaves DCC, Pereira MA, Lamounier LO, de Menezes GG, Aquino-Teixeira SM, Gonçalves-dos-Santos ME, Bernal-Valle S, Müller NFD, Cardoso JDC, dos Santos E, Mares-Guia MA, Albuquerque GR, Romano APM, Franco AC, Ribeiro BM, Roehe PM, de Abreu FVS. Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e220127. [PMID: 36478156 PMCID: PMC9718055 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Souza Andrade
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Baculovírus, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO, Brasil ,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,+ Corresponding author: /
| | | | - Ramon Silva Oliveira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Salinas, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Vagner de Souza Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil ,Stellenbosch University, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Agricultura e Ciências Ambientais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Agricultura e Ciências Ambientais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Coordenação Estadual de Vigilância de Arbovírus, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fernando Maria Magalhães
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Coordenação Estadual de Vigilância de Arbovírus, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Maira Alves Pereira
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Givaldo Gomes de Menezes
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Coordenação Estadual de Vigilância de Arbovírus, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sofía Bernal-Valle
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Agricultura e Ciências Ambientais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Jader da Cruz Cardoso
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria Angélica Mares-Guia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - George Rêgo Albuquerque
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Agricultura e Ciências Ambientais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Baculovírus, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Salinas, MG, Brasil,+ Corresponding author: /
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15
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Cunha MDP, Duarte-Neto AN, Pour SZ, Pereira BBDS, Ho YL, Perondi B, Sztajnbok J, Alves VAF, da Silva LFF, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN, Zanotto PMDA. Phylogeographic patterns of the yellow fever virus around the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2016–2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010705. [PMID: 36149846 PMCID: PMC9506654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2016 to 2019, the largest outbreak caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV) in the 21st century in the Americas occurred in southeastern Brazil. A sylvatic cycle of transmission was reported near densely populated areas, such as the large metropolitan area of the city of São Paulo. Here, we describe the origin, spread, and movement of the YFV throughout the state of São Paulo. Whole-genome sequences were obtained from tissues of two patients who died due to severe yellow fever, during 2018–2019. Molecular analysis indicated that all analyzed tissues were positive for YFV RNA, with the liver being the organ with the highest amount of viral RNA. Sequence analysis indicates that genomes belonged to the South American genotype I and were grouped in the epidemic clade II, which includes sequences from the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo of previous years. The analysis of viral dispersion indicates that the outbreak originated in Goiás at the end of 2014 and reached the state of São Paulo through the state of Minas Gerais after 2016. When the virus reached near the urban area, it spread towards both the east and south regions of the state, not establishing an urban transmission cycle in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The virus that moved towards the east met with YFV coming from the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the YFV that was carried to the south reached the Brazilian states located in the south region of the country. The Yellow Fever virus (YFV) has caused serious public health issues in Africa and the Americas. YFV infections can vary from asymptomatic to severe clinical conditions, which may culminate in death. In Brazil, the main viral origin of YFV outbreaks is the states located in the Amazon Basin. In the present study, we detected YFV RNA in several tissues, including the heart, lung, brain, kidney, spleen, pancreas, liver, and testicle in two human cases. The YFV characterized in the present study belong to the South American genotype I, clade II, and they are associated with viral spread throughout the state of São Paulo after intense viral circulation in the metropolitan region in 2018. Future investigations are necessary for a better understanding of the complex ecological factors involved in viral dispersion from the Amazon Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielton dos Passos Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Shahab Zaki Pour
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Brito de Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Intensive Care Unit, Division of Clinical Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Perondi
- Yellow Fever Crisis Committee, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Verification of Deaths of the Capital–University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Rodrigues Oliveira A, Ritter JM, Oliveira dos Santos D, Pizzolato de Lucena F, Aquino de Mattos S, Parente de Carvalho T, Bullock H, Giannini Alves Moreira L, Magalhães Arthuso Vasconcelos I, Barroso Costa F, Alves da Paixão T, Santos RL. Pathology and epidemiology of fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging marmosets (Callithrix spp.) from the Brazilian atlantic forest. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010782. [PMID: 36108088 PMCID: PMC9514648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of warm-blooded host species. Neotropical primates (New World Primates; NWP) are highly susceptible, developing a lethal acute systemic disease. Toxoplasmosis in free-ranging NWP is poorly described, with only a few studies based on serosurveys. Herein we performed a retrospective study focusing on the epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasmosis among 1,001 free-ranging marmoset (Callithrix spp.) deaths from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study included marmosets necropsied at the Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaitsman (IJV) from January 2017 to July 2019, which were found dead from all regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to better characterize toxoplasmosis in this free-ranging population. All samples were also tested for Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) RT-qPCR by the official diagnostic service. A total of 1,001 free-ranging marmosets were included in this study, with 16 (1.6%) cases of lethal Toxoplasma gondii infections identified both as individual cases and in outbreaks. Presence of infection was not associated with sex, age, geographical distribution, or year of death, and no co-infection with YFV was observed. The main pathological feature in these cases was random necrotizing hepatitis with detection of intralesional T. gondii zoites in all infected cases. Interstitial pneumonia rich in alveolar foamy macrophages and fibrin deposition, necrotizing myocarditis and necrotizing splenitis were also pathological features in affected marmosets. Therefore, toxoplasmosis was considered the cause of death in 1.6% of free-ranging marmosets in this retrospective series, including some cases associated with outbreaks. Necrotizing random hepatitis was a consistent pathological finding in affected cases and sampling of liver should be ensured from Callitrichid post mortem cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayisa Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jana M. Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Oliveira dos Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Pizzolato de Lucena
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistman, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Aquino de Mattos
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Municipal de Medicina Veterinária Jorge Vaistman, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Parente de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hannah Bullock
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Synergy America Inc., Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larissa Giannini Alves Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Barroso Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Guimarães A, Oliveira MC, Kierulff MCM, Mendonça-Furtado O, Baptista MNM, Mendes SL, Almada GL. Epidemiologic profile and histopathological findings in Neotropical Primates during and after the yellow fever outbreak in Espírito Santo, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211229. [PMID: 36074428 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a viral disease whose transmission involves non-human primates (NHP), mosquitoes, and humans. Between 2016 and 2018 occurred the largest YF outbreak in the last 100 years in Brazil. We analyzed epidemiologic profile and geographic distribution of epizootics and described most frequent histopathological findings in NHP that died during YF outbreak in the state of Espírito Santo. We consider 487 epizootics notifications registered at the State Health Department from January 2017 to July 2020. Throughout the state, 51 (65.4%) municipalities reported epizootics, with more cases in central and metropolitan areas. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were laboratory tests performed for diagnosis of yellow fever, with 160 (32.9%) positive results, 314 (64.5%) negative and 13 (2.7%) inconclusive. Histopathological findings were compared statistically between positive and negative animals for YF. The liver was the most affected organ. Hemorrhage, hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis, cholestasis and eosinophilic degeneration were statistically more frequent in positive animals. Tubular necrosis, nephritis, congestion and lymphoid hypoplasia on spleen were statistically correlated to positive animals. Knowledge of pathogenic aspect of YF is necessary to guarantee that samples from Neotropical primates are properly used for YF surveillance purposes, to ensure appropriate diagnoses and subsequent public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Guimarães
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Avenida José Ruschi, 04, Centro, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Vargem Pequena, Estrada da Boca do Mato, 850, Vargem Pequena, 22783-325 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia M Kierulff
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Avenida José Ruschi, 04, Centro, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil.,Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rua Dulce Maria, 337, Ipiranga, 31160-250 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olivia Mendonça-Furtado
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Avenida José Ruschi, 04, Centro, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Michelle N M Baptista
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Avenida José Ruschi, 04, Centro, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Mendes
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Avenida José Ruschi, 04, Centro, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil
| | - Gilton Luiz Almada
- Centro de Informações Estratégicas e Respostas em Vigilância em Saúde - Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo (SESA), Rua Eng. Guilherme José Monjardim Varejão, 225, Ed. Enseada Plaza, Enseada do Suá, 29050-260 Vitória, ES, Brazil
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18
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Possamai CB, Rodrigues de Melo F, Mendes SL, Strier KB. Demographic changes in an Atlantic Forest primate community following a yellow fever outbreak. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23425. [PMID: 35899394 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated demographic changes in three primate species (Alouatta guariba, Sapajus nigritus, and Callithrix flaviceps) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural-Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, following a yellow fever outbreak (YFO) by comparing their population sizes before (2015) and after the outbreak (2017-2018), and by monitoring the size, composition, and reproductive status of groups from 2017 to 2021. Comparisons of pre- and post-YFO census data indicate the A. guariba population declined by 86.6%, from an estimated minimum of 522 individuals to 70 individuals. However, by October 2021, the population had grown to at least 86 individuals, with an adult sex ratio (N = 53) that was female-biased (0.61). Eleven of the 13 groups being monitored systematically were reproductively active with high survivorship to 12 months of age. S. nigritus declined by 40%, from 377 to 226 individuals. The sex ratio of 33 adult S. nigritus is also female-biased (0.71), and at least 8 of 15 groups being monitored are reproductively active. C. flaviceps declined by 80%, from 85 individuals to the 15-17 individuals observed from 2017 to 2021. The female-biased adult sex ratio and presence of infants and juveniles in the A. guariba and S. nigritus groups are encouraging signs, but there is still great concern, especially for C. flaviceps. Continued monitoring of the demographics of these primates is needed as their persistence appears to still be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Possamai
- Financial Sector, Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade-MIB-R: Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MeCFauna Lab, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Lucena Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CCHN/UFES, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Passos PHO, Ramos DG, Romano AP, Cavalcante KRLJ, Miranda LHM, Coelho JMCO, Barros RC, Martins Filho AJ, Quaresma JAS, Macêdo IL, Wilson TM, Sousa DER, de Melo CB, Castro MB. Hepato-pathological hallmarks for the surveillance of Yellow Fever in South American non-human primates. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106468. [PMID: 35429458 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and diagnosis of deaths in free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) are key points for the surveillance of Yellow Fever (YF) in Brazil. The histopathological identification of infectious diseases remains very useful and reliable in the screening and detection of emerging zoonotic diseases such as YF. We surveyed data records and liver slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin from the Epizootics Surveillance Network to control YF, Ministry of Health of Brazil, to evaluate histopathological hallmarks for the diagnosis of the YF virus infection. We selected natural fatal cases in NHPs from the genera Alouatta spp., Callithrix spp., and Sapajus spp. with a positive immunohistochemical assay for YF in liver samples. Our findings showed the full-spectrum YF-associated hepatic lesions in all NHPs, but some histopathological findings differed in the distribution and intensity between the three genera. In our study, South American NHPs showed significant differences in the YF-associated hepatic histopathological features compared to fatal cases reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H O Passos
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil; Brazilian Ministry of Health, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Ramos
- Brazilian Ministry of Health, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramona C Barros
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil Veterinary
| | | | | | - Isabel L Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil; Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais M Wilson
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil; Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Davi E R Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil; Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B de Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcio B Castro
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil; Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil.
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20
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Evaluation of Whatman FTA cards for the preservation of yellow fever virus RNA for use in molecular diagnostics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010487. [PMID: 35704565 PMCID: PMC9200311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a flavivirus that frequently causes outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa and South America and is considered a reemerging public health threat. Accurate diagnosis of yellow fever (YF) disease is critical as one confirmed case constitutes an outbreak and may trigger a mass vaccination campaign. Highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics have been developed; however, these assays require maintenance of cold-chain during transport of specimens to prevent the degradation of viral RNA prior to testing. Such cold-chain requirements are difficult to meet in some regions. In this study, we investigated Whatman FTA cards as an alternative stabilization method of YFV RNA for use in molecular diagnosis. Using contrived specimens, linear regression analysis showed that RNA detection from a single 6mm FTA card punch was significantly less sensitive than traditional RNA extraction; however, pooling RNA extracted from two FTA punches significantly lowered the limit of detection to be equal to that of the traditional RNA extraction gold standard. In experiments addressing the ability of FTA card methodology to stabilize YFV RNA at variable temperature, RNA could be detected for more than two weeks following storage at 25°C. Even more promising, YFV RNA was detectable on cards held at 37°C from two days to over two weeks depending on viral input. FTA cards were also shown to stabilize YFV RNA at high humidity if cards were desiccated prior to inoculation. These results support that FTA cards could be cost effective and easy to use in molecular diagnosis of YF, preserving viral RNA to allow for positive diagnoses in situations where maintaining cold-chain is not feasible.
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21
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Wilson TM, Ritter JM, Martines RB, Bullock HA, Fair P, Radford KW, Macêdo IL, Sousa DER, Gonçalves AAB, Romano AP, Passsos PHO, Ramos DG, Costa GRT, Cavalcante KRLJ, de Melo CB, Zaki SR, Castro MB. Fatal Human Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in Free-Ranging Black-Tufted Marmosets in Anthropized Environments, Brazil, 2012–2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:802-811. [PMID: 35318916 PMCID: PMC8962904 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.212334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HuAHV1) causes fatal neurologic infections in captive New World primates. To determine risks for interspecies transmission, we examined data for 13 free-ranging, black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) that died of HuAHV1 infection and had been in close contact with humans in anthropized areas in Brazil during 2012–2019. We evaluated pathologic changes in the marmosets, localized virus and antigen, and assessed epidemiologic features. The main clinical findings were neurologic signs, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, and ulcerative glossitis; 1 animal had necrotizing hepatitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intranuclear herpetic inclusions, and immunostaining revealed HuAHV1 and herpesvirus particles in neurons, glial cells, tongue mucosal epithelium, and hepatocytes. PCR confirmed HuAHV1 infection. These findings illustrate how disruption of the One Health equilibrium in anthropized environments poses risks for interspecies virus transmission with potential spillover not only from animals to humans but also from humans to free-ranging nonhuman primates or other animals.
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22
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Medeiros-Sousa AR, Laporta GZ, Mucci LF, Marrelli MT. Epizootic dynamics of yellow fever in forest fragments: An agent-based model to explore the influence of vector and host parameters. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Furtado ND, Raphael LDM, Ribeiro IP, de Mello IS, Fernandes DR, Gómez MM, dos Santos AAC, Nogueira MDS, de Castro MG, de Abreu FVS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Bonaldo MC. Biological Characterization of Yellow Fever Viruses Isolated From Non-human Primates in Brazil With Distinct Genomic Landscapes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:757084. [PMID: 35237244 PMCID: PMC8882863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.757084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the XXI Century, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has been cyclically spreading from the Amazon basin to Brazil’s South and Southeast regions, culminating in an unprecedented outbreak that started in 2016. In this work, we studied four YFV isolated from non-human primates obtained during outbreaks in the states of Rio Grande do Sul in 2008 (PR4408), Goiás (GO05), and Espírito Santo (ES-504) in 2017, and Rio de Janeiro (RJ 155) in 2019. These isolates have genomic differences mainly distributed in non-structural proteins. We compared the isolates’ rates of infection in mammal and mosquito cells and neurovirulence in adult mice. RJ 155 and PR4408 YFV isolates exhibited higher infectivity in mammalian cells and neurovirulence in mice. In mosquito Aag2 cells, GO05 and PR4408 displayed the lowest proliferation rates. These results suggest that RJ 155 and PR4408 YFV isolates carry some genomic markers that increase infectivity in mammal hosts. From this characterization, it is possible to contribute to discovering new molecular markers for the virulence of YFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Dias Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane de Menezes Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iasmim Silva de Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Déberli Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mônica da Silva Nogueira
- Centro de Experimentação Animal, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Myrna Cristina Bonaldo,
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24
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Rodrigues Oliveira A, Oliveira Dos Santos D, Pizzolato de Lucena F, Aquino de Mattos S, Parente de Carvalho T, Barroso Costa F, Giannini Alves Moreira L, Magalhães Arthuso Vasconcelos I, Alves da Paixão T, Lima Santos R. Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism of brain, liver, or bone marrow tissues associated with traumatic injuries in free-ranging neotropical primates. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:482-488. [PMID: 35130802 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221075595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From 2016 to 2019, Southeastern Brazil faced an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) affecting both humans and New World primates (NWP). The outbreak was associated with a marked increase in traumatic lesions in NWP in the affected regions. Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolization (NTPE) can be a consequence of massive traumatic events, and it is rarely reported in human and veterinary medicine. Here, we describe NTPE of the brain, liver, and bone marrow in free-ranging NWP, highlighting the epidemiological aspects of these findings and the lesions associated with this condition, including data on traumatic injuries in wild NWP populations during the course of a recent YF outbreak. A total of 1078 NWP were necropsied from January 2017 to July 2019. Gross traumatic injuries were observed in 444 marmosets (44.3%), 10 howler monkeys (23.2%), 9 capuchins (31.0%), 1 titi-monkey (50.0%), and 1 golden lion tamarin (33.3%). NTPE was observed in 10 animals, including 9 marmosets (2.0%) and 1 howler monkey (10.0%). NTPE was identified in the lung and comprised hepatic tissue in 1 case, brain tissue in 1 case, and bone marrow tissue in 8 cases. Although uncommon, it is important to consider NTPE with pulmonary vascular occlusion during the critical care of traumatized NWP. In addition, this study highlights the importance of conservational strategies and environmental education focusing on One Health, not only to protect these free-ranging NWP populations but also to maintain the efficacy of epidemiological surveillance programs.
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25
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Pinter A, Prist PR, Marrelli MT. Biodiversity and public health interface. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Alongside modernity, the human activity has been a key factor in global environmental risks, with worldwide anthropic modification being the cause of the emergence of diseases for wild and livestock animals, and even humans. In special, the increase in the spatial distribution and in the incidence of some emerging infectious diseases (EID) are directly associated to deforestation and global climate changes. Moreover, the arise of new EID agents, such as the SARS-COV-2 have been reported for the last 30 years. On the other hand, biodiversity has been shown to be a key indicator for ecosystem health, and to pose a role to increase the promotion of human public health. In neotropical regions, and in special, in Brazil, several infectious diseases have been demonstrated to be directly affected for the biodiversity loss, such as malaria, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, yellow fever, urban arboviruses, spotted fever, amongst other. To better understand the ecosystem capacity of regulation of infectious diseases, FAPESP BIOTA program have supported researchers and research projects to increase knowledge about Brazilian biodiversity and the ecosystems, such as diversity of bird bioagents, venomous animals biodiversity, diversity of mosquitos species in forest patches inside urban areas, propagation of the yellow fever virus over fragmented forest territories, loss of ecological corridors and occurrence of spotted fever and malaria, amongst others. It is noteworthy that FAPESP BIOTA is a successful program and must be expanded as an important tool for present and future public health promotion.
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26
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Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Suárez JA, Franco-Paredes C, Forero-Peña DA, Mattar S, Villamil-Gómez WE, Ruíz-Sáenz J, Cardona-Ospina JA, Figuera ME, Sierra-Carrero LL, Risquez A, Cimerman S, Valero-Cedeño N, Cabrera M, Robaina-Barrios AJ, López-Díaz L, Barbella R, Navas RM, Díaz-Quijano F, Carrero Y, Pineda A, Brito MO, Savio-Larriera E, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Maquera-Afaray J, Solarte-Portilla MA, Hernández-Botero S, Contreras K, López MG, Henao-Martinez AF, Ortiz-Martinez Y, Chaves TDSS, Orduna T, Lepetic A, Macchi A, Verbanaz S, Perret C, Echazarreta S, Lloveras SC, Gallego V, Navarro JC, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Yellow fever reemergence in Venezuela - Implications for international travelers and Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102192. [PMID: 34751150 PMCID: PMC8553654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - José Antonio Suárez
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Investigador SNI Senacyt Panamá, Clinical Research Deparment, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - David A Forero-Peña
- Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Salim Mattar
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gómez
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia; Programa del Doctorado de Medicina Tropical, SUE Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Julián Ruíz-Sáenz
- Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), Bogota, Colombia; Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas - Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Semillero de Investigación en Infecciones Emergentes y Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Leandro Luis Sierra-Carrero
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte and Hospital Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Risquez
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sergio Cimerman
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nereida Valero-Cedeño
- Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Cantón Jipijapa, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Cabrera
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado (VRIP), Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - Andrea J Robaina-Barrios
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Rosa Barbella
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosa M Navas
- Health Care Service, International Airport Camilo Daza, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Fredi Díaz-Quijano
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maximo O Brito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 30A #, 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Julio Maquera-Afaray
- Infectious Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
| | | | - Sebastián Hernández-Botero
- Coordination of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia; Grupo de Resistencia Antibiótica de Manizales (GRAM), Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Krisell Contreras
- Clínica San José, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia
| | - Maria Graciela López
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Niños J. M. de Los Ríos, Caracas, Venezuela; Executive Board, Venezuelan Society of Infectious Diseases, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andrés F Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yeimer Ortiz-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health of Ministry of Brazil, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | - Tomas Orduna
- Hospital de Infecciosas F. Muñíz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Lepetic
- Clinical Research & Development and Medical Affairs for GSK Vaccines, Rio de Janeiro, 22783-110, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Macchi
- Hospital de Trauma y Emergencias Federico Abete, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cecilia Perret
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Susana Cristina Lloveras
- Hospital de Infecciosas F. Muñíz, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Gallego
- Panel of Sports and Travel, Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Committe on Travel Medicine, Pan-American Association of Infectious Diseases (API), Panama City, Panama; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clínica IDB Cabudare, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Barquisimeto, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Infectious Diseases Research Branch, Venezuelan Science Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Cabudare, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Bioquímica de Parásitos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Caracas, Venezuela; Direction of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital-Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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27
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Ribeiro Prist P, Reverberi Tambosi L, Filipe Mucci L, Pinter A, Pereira de Souza R, Lara Muylaert R, Roger Rhodes J, Henrique Comin C, Fontoura Costa L, Lang D'Agostini T, Telles de Deus J, Pavão M, Port‐Carvalho M, Del Castillo Saad L, Mureb Sallum MA, Fernandes Spinola RM, Metzger JP. Roads and forest edges facilitate yellow fever virus dispersion. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Prist
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leandro Reverberi Tambosi
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Roger Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - César Henrique Comin
- Department of Computer Science Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Lang D'Agostini
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Pavão
- Geoprocessing and Spatial Analysis Core Environment Research Institute. Infrastructure and Environment Secretariat of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Márcio Port‐Carvalho
- Conservation Biodiversity Nucleus, Environmental Research Institute, Infrastructure and Environment Secretariat of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
- Post Graduated Program in Biodiversity of Conservations UnitsNational School of Tropical Botanical—Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leila Del Castillo Saad
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Maria Fernandes Spinola
- Center for Epidemiology Surveillance ‘Dr Alexandre Vranjac’ Coordination for Disease ControlPublic Health Branch São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Department of Ecology Institute of Bioscience University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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28
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Segura NA, Muñoz AL, Losada-Barragán M, Torres O, Rodríguez AK, Rangel H, Bello F. Minireview: Epidemiological impact of arboviral diseases in Latin American countries, arbovirus-vector interactions and control strategies. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6354781. [PMID: 34410378 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most crucial insects in public health due to their vector capacity and competence to transmit pathogens, including arboviruses, bacterias and parasites. Re-emerging and emerging arboviral diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), constitute one of the most critical health public concerns in Latin America. These diseases present a significant incidence within the human settlements increasing morbidity and mortality events. Likewise, among the different genus of mosquito vectors of arboviruses, those of the most significant medical importance corresponds to Aedes and Culex. In Latin America, the mosquito vector species of YFV, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV are mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus. Ae. aegypti is recognized as the primary vector in urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus, recently introduced in the Americas, is more prone to rural settings. This minireview focuses on what is known about the epidemiological impact of mosquito-borne diseases in Latin American countries, with particular emphasis on YFV, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, vector mosquitoes, geographic distribution, and vector-arbovirus interactions. Besides, it was analyzed how climate change and social factors have influenced the spread of arboviruses and the control strategies developed against mosquitoes in this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidya A Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Ana L Muñoz
- PhD Program of Health Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Orlando Torres
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Anny K Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Héctor Rangel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1204, Venezuela
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
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29
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Wilson TM, Ritter JM, Martines RB, Gonçalves AAB, Fair P, Galloway R, Weiner Z, Romano APM, Costa GRT, Melo CB, Zaki SR, Castro MB. Pathology and One Health implications of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free-ranging, black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3207-3216. [PMID: 34387927 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic neglected disease of worldwide public health concern. Leptospira species can infect a wide range of wild and domestic mammals and lead to a spectrum of disease, including severe and fatal forms. Herein, we report for the first time a fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in a free-ranging nonhuman primate (NHP), a black-tufted marmoset. Icterus, pulmonary haemorrhage, interstitial nephritis, and hepatocellular dissociation were the main findings raising the suspicion of leptospirosis. Diagnostic confirmation was based on specific immunohistochemical and PCR assays for Leptospira species. Immunolocalization of leptospiral antigens and identification of pathogenic species (L. interrogans species) were important for better understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. One Health-related implications of free-ranging NHPs in anthropized areas and transmission dynamics of human and animal leptospirosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais M Wilson
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roosecelis B Martines
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandra A B Gonçalves
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pamela Fair
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renee Galloway
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Weiner
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alessandro P M Romano
- Technical Group on Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R T Costa
- Environmental Health Surveillance Directorate of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marcio B Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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30
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Reemergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil: The Role of Distinct Landscape Fragmentation Thresholds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:8230789. [PMID: 34341668 PMCID: PMC8325590 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8230789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) reemergence in Brazil was followed by human suffering and the loss of biodiversity of neotropical simians on the Atlantic coast. The underlying mechanisms were investigated with special focus on distinct landscape fragmentation thresholds in the affected municipalities. An ecological study in epidemiology is employed to assess the statistical relationship between events of YFV and forest fragmentation in municipal landscapes. Negative binomial regression model showed that highly fragmented forest cover was associated with an 85% increase of events of YFV in humans and simians (RR = 1.85, CI 95% = 1.24–2.75, p=0.003) adjusted by vaccine coverage, population size, and municipality area. Intermediate levels of forest cover combined with higher levels of forest edge densities contribute to the YFV dispersion and the exponential growth of YF cases. Strategies for forest conservation are necessary for the control and prevention of YF and other zoonotic diseases that can spillover from the fragmented forest remains to populated cities of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.
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31
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Guerra JM, Ferreira CSDS, Díaz-Delgado J, Takahashi JPF, Kimura LM, de Araújo LJT, Réssio RA, Dos Santos Cirqueira C, Ozahatar CH, Cunha MS, Luchs A, Fernandes NCCDA. Concurrent yellow fever and pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a free-ranging howler monkey (Alouatta sp). J Med Primatol 2021; 50:201-204. [PMID: 33817795 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a unique case of concomitant angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus and yellow fever in a free-ranging howler monkey (Alouatta sp). Lung samples were negative for influenza viruses A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Quantitative Pathology Department, Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL), College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Lidia Midori Kimura
- Quantitative Pathology Department, Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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