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Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Dulewicz M, Doroszkiewicz J, Borawska R, Słowik A, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J, Blennow K, Mroczko B. The Relationships between Cerebrospinal Fluid Glial (CXCL12, CX3CL, YKL-40) and Synaptic Biomarkers (Ng, NPTXR) in Early Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13166. [PMID: 37685973 PMCID: PMC10487764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid and tau pathology in the central nervous system (CNS), inflammatory processes and synaptic dysfunction are highly important mechanisms involved in the development and progression of dementia diseases. In the present study, we conducted a comparative analysis of selected pro-inflammatory proteins in the CNS with proteins reflecting synaptic damage and core biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). To our knowledge, no studies have yet compared CXCL12 and CX3CL1 with markers of synaptic disturbance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the early stages of dementia. The quantitative assessment of selected proteins in the CSF of patients with MCI, AD, and non-demented controls (CTRL) was performed using immunoassays (single- and multiplex techniques). In this study, increased CSF concentration of CX3CL1 in MCI and AD patients correlated positively with neurogranin (r = 0.74; p < 0.001, and r = 0.40; p = 0.020, respectively), ptau181 (r = 0.49; p = 0.040), and YKL-40 (r = 0.47; p = 0.050) in MCI subjects. In addition, elevated CSF levels of CXCL12 in the AD group were significantly associated with mini-mental state examination score (r = -0.32; p = 0.040). We found significant evidence to support an association between CX3CL1 and neurogranin, already in the early stages of cognitive decline. Furthermore, our findings indicate that CXCL12 might be a useful marker for tract severity of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3AR, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792-2460, USA
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Zheng H, Chen Q, Zhang J, Ren B, Liu T, Liu C, Wang X, Sheng J, Wang Z. Postoperative serum CHI3L1 level is associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery: A prospective observational study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18796. [PMID: 37609401 PMCID: PMC10440452 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication in older patients. Chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) is identified as a neuroinflammatory biomarker and impairs cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum levels of CHI3L1 and POCD and explore the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the elderly after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and methods A total of 76 elderly patients undergoing THA were enrolled in the prospective observational study. Serum CHI3L1 levels were measured 1 day before and 1 day after surgery and other perioperative factors were also noted. The correlations between mediators of inflammation in the two groups were compared via Spearman correlation coefficients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were implemented to analyze the predictive values of serum CHI3L1 and other inflammatory factors for POCD. And factors associated with POCD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistics. Results POCD was observed in 31.6% of patients 1 week after surgery. Postoperative serum CHI3L1 levels were higher in POCD patients than in non-POCD patients [1348.26(778.46-1889.77) VS 2322.86(1686.88-2517.35) ng/ml, P < 0.001]. Postoperative serum CHI3L1 level was positively correlated with postoperative IL-6 level (r = 0.284, P = 0.013). Compared with IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP, postoperative CHI3L1 level has the highest predictive value for POCD with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.779 according to the ROC curve. By the multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated postoperative serum CHI3L1 level was found to be an independent risk factor for POCD 1 week after surgery (odds ratio = 1.204, 95% confidence interval = 1.087-1.332, P = 0.001). Conclusion Postoperative elevated serum CHI3L1 level was significantly associated with the incident of POCD, and positively correlated with postoperative IL-6 level in the elderly after THA. This biomarker may have potential utility for further elucidating the etiology of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baiqing Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang W, Zhou X, Yin J, Zhao W, Huang C, Zhang C, Wan K, Li M, Zhu X, Sun Z. YKL-40 as a novel biomarker related to white matter damage and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148318. [PMID: 36898474 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
YKL-40 is a novel neuroinflammatory marker associated with white matter damage and cognitive dysfunction. 110 CSVD patients, including 54 with mild cognitive impairment (CSVD-MCI), 56 with no cognitive impairment (CSVD-NCI), and 40 healthy controls (HCs) underwent multimodal magnetic resonance examination, serum YKL-40 level detection and cognitive function assessment to investigate the association between YKL-40 and white matter damage and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. White matter hyperintensities volume was calculated using the Wisconsin White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Toolbox (W2MHS) for white matter macrostructural damage evaluation. For white matter microstructural damage evaluation, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) indices of the region of interest were analyzed based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images using the Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) pipeline. The serum YKL-40 level of CSVD was significantly higher than those of HCs, and the CSVD-MCI was higher than in HCs and CSVD-NCI. Furthermore, serum YKL-40 provided high diagnostic accuracy for CSVD and CSVD-MCI. The macroscopic and microstructure of white matter in CSVD-NCI and CSVD-MCI patients indicated different degrees of damage. Disruption of white matter macroscopic and microstructure was significantly associated with YKL-40 levels and cognition deficits. Moreover, the white matter damage mediated the associations between the increased serum YKL-40 levels and cognitive impairment. Our findings demonstrated that YKL-40 might be a potential biomarker of white matter damage in CSVD, whereas white matter damage was associated with cognitive impairment. Serum YKL-40 measurement provides complementary information regarding the neural mechanism of CSVD and its associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiabin Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chaojuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Connolly K, Lehoux M, O’Rourke R, Assetta B, Erdemir GA, Elias JA, Lee CG, Huang YWA. Potential role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:9-24. [PMID: 35234337 PMCID: PMC9437141 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) has long been known as a biomarker for early detection of neuroinflammation and disease diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, CHI3L1 is primarily provided by astrocytes and heralds the reactive, neurotoxic state triggered by inflammation and other stress signals. However, how CHI3L1 acts in neuroinflammation or how it contributes to AD and relevant neurodegenerative conditions remains unknown. In peripheral tissues, our group and others have uncovered that CHI3L1 is a master regulator for a wide range of injury and repair events, including the innate immunity pathway that resembles the neuroinflammation process governed by microglia and astrocytes. Based on assessment of current knowledge regarding CHI3L1 biology, we hypothesize that CHI3L1 functions as a signaling molecule mediating distinct neuroinflammatory responses in brain cells and misfunctions to precipitate neurodegeneration. We also recommend future research directions to validate such assertions for better understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Connolly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Mikael Lehoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Ryan O’Rourke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University
| | - Benedetta Assetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Guzide Ayse Erdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University
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5
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Dang Q, Wu D, Li Y, Fang L, Liu C, Wang X, Liu X, Min W. Walnut-derived peptides ameliorate d-galactose-induced memory impairments in a mouse model via inhibition of MMP-9-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Morató X, Pytel V, Jofresa S, Ruiz A, Boada M. Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Therapy Pipeline for Alzheimer's Disease: Towards a Personalized Polypharmacology Patient-Centered Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9305. [PMID: 36012569 PMCID: PMC9409252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1906, when Dr. Alois Alzheimer first described in a patient "a peculiar severe disease process of the cerebral cortex", people suffering from this pathology have been waiting for a breakthrough therapy. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly with a long presymptomatic phase. Worldwide, approximately 50 million people are living with dementia, with AD comprising 60-70% of cases. Pathologically, AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the neuropil (neuritic plaques) and blood vessels (amyloid angiopathy), and by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons (neurofibrillary tangles) in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, together with glial activation, and neuroinflammation, resulting in cognitive deficits and eventually dementia. The current competitive landscape in AD consists of symptomatic treatments, of which there are currently six approved medications: three AChEIs (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine), one NMDA-R antagonist (memantine), one combination therapy (memantine/donepezil), and GV-971 (sodium oligomannate, a mixture of oligosaccharides derived from algae) only approved in China. Improvements to the approved therapies, such as easier routes of administration and reduced dosing frequencies, along with the developments of new strategies and combined treatments are expected to occur within the next decade and will positively impact the way the disease is managed. Recently, Aducanumab, the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has been approved for AD, and several DMTs are in advanced stages of clinical development or regulatory review. Small molecules, mAbs, or multimodal strategies showing promise in animal studies have not confirmed that promise in the clinic (where small to moderate changes in clinical efficacy have been observed), and therefore, there is a significant unmet need for a better understanding of the AD pathogenesis and the exploration of alternative etiologies and therapeutic effective disease-modifying therapies strategies for AD. Therefore, a critical review of the disease-modifying therapy pipeline for Alzheimer's disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Jofresa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Nehra G, Bauer B, Hartz AMS. Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease: From discovery to clinical relevance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108119. [PMID: 35108575 PMCID: PMC9107516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD brain pathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. One early pathological hallmark is blood-brain barrier dysfunction characterized by barrier leakage and associated with cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. First, we focus on AD animal models and their susceptibility to barrier leakage based on age and genetic background. Second, we re-examine barrier dysfunction in clinical and postmortem studies, summarize changes that lead to barrier leakage in patients and highlight the clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. Third, we summarize signaling mechanisms that link barrier leakage to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Finally, we discuss clinical relevance and potential therapeutic strategies and provide future perspectives on investigating barrier leakage in AD. Identifying mechanistic steps underlying barrier leakage has the potential to unravel new targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies to repair barrier leakage and slow cognitive decline in AD and AD-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Nehra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bjoern Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent due to the aging of the global populations. Currently available treatment options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only have symptomatic effects and no drugs with disease-modifying properties are available. Research on the amyloid cascade indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain may be the main pathophysiological change in late-onset AD and the key driver of neurodegeneration, which ultimately results in progressive cognitive deterioration and dementia. Most new AD drug candidates target different aspects of Aβ clearance, eg, using passive anti-Aβ immunization, but so far, all efforts to develop more effective drugs have failed. In parallel, nonpharmacological prevention trials are being conducted to modify dementia risk associated with known epidemiological risk factors. Some initial results are promising, but replication across independent cohorts remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Morozova A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Pavlov K, Soloveva K, Volkova M, Alekseeva P, Andryshchenko A, Kostyuk G, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Neurobiological Highlights of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1217. [PMID: 35163141 PMCID: PMC8835608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on several psychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is a major component of the disease, influencing life quality. There are plenty of data proving that cognitive impairment accompanies and even underlies some psychiatric disorders. In addition, sources provide information on the biological background of cognitive problems associated with mental illness. This scientific review aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia, depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease).The review provides data about the prevalence of cognitive impairment in people with mental illness and associated biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Kristina Soloveva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Volkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Alisa Andryshchenko
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Mavroudis IA, Petridis F, Chatzikonstantinou S, Karantali E, Kazis D. A meta-analysis on the levels of VILIP-1 in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease compared to normal controls and other neurodegenerative conditions. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:265-272. [PMID: 31939203 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressing neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of serious irreversible cognitive decline in elderly people. Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is a member of the family of calcium-binding proteins and plays a crucial role in AD pathophysiology. Multiple studies have shown that CSF levels of VILIP-1 are increased in AD patients compared to normal controls, or other neurodegenerative conditions. We searched online databases for studies on the levels of VILIP-1 in the CSF of AD patients in comparison to normal controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. A total of ten studies were used for the comparison between AD and controls, three studies for the comparison between AD and MCI, two studies for AD and DLB and two studies for the comparison between stable MCI and MCI progressed to AD. We found that VILIP-1 levels are significantly higher in AD compared to normal controls, but not to the other groups, and furthermore, they are significantly higher in patient with MCI progressed to AD, than in stable MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Mavroudis
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Foivos Petridis
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Karantali
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kazis
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Clinical Utility of the Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228661. [PMID: 33212853 PMCID: PMC7698353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the Aβ cascade and alternations of biomarkers in neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal injury followed by Aβ have progressed. But the question is how to use the biomarkers. Here, we examine the evidence and pathogenic implications of protein interactions and the time order of alternation. After the deposition of Aβ, the change of tau, neurofilament light chain (NFL), and neurogranin (Ng) is the main alternation and connection to others. Neuro-inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal injury function is exhibited prior to the structural and metabolic changes in the brain following Aβ deposition. The time order of such biomarkers compared to the tau protein is not clear. Despite the close relationship between biomarkers and plaque Aβ deposition, several factors favor one or the other. There is an interaction between some proteins that can predict the brain amyloid burden. The Aβ cascade hypothesis could be the pathway, but not all subjects suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) within a long follow-up, even with very elevated Aβ. The interaction of biomarkers and the time order of change require further research to identify the right subjects and right molecular target for precision medicine therapies.
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12
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Chew H, Solomon VA, Fonteh AN. Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32581851 PMCID: PMC7296164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids constitute the bulk of the dry mass of the brain and have been associated with healthy function as well as the most common pathological conditions of the brain. Demographic factors, genetics, and lifestyles are the major factors that influence lipid metabolism and are also the key components of lipid disruption in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the most common genetic risk factor of AD, APOE ϵ4 genotype, is involved in lipid transport and metabolism. We propose that lipids are at the center of Alzheimer's disease pathology based on their involvement in the blood-brain barrier function, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, myelination, membrane remodeling, receptor signaling, inflammation, oxidation, and energy balance. Under healthy conditions, lipid homeostasis bestows a balanced cellular environment that enables the proper functioning of brain cells. However, under pathological conditions, dyshomeostasis of brain lipid composition can result in disturbed BBB, abnormal processing of APP, dysfunction in endocytosis/exocytosis/autophagocytosis, altered myelination, disturbed signaling, unbalanced energy metabolism, and enhanced inflammation. These lipid disturbances may contribute to abnormalities in brain function that are the hallmark of AD. The wide variance of lipid disturbances associated with brain function suggest that AD pathology may present as a complex interaction between several metabolic pathways that are augmented by risk factors such as age, genetics, and lifestyles. Herewith, we examine factors that influence brain lipid composition, review the association of lipids with all known facets of AD pathology, and offer pointers for potential therapies that target lipid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chew
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Alfred N. Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
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13
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Lewczuk P, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko P, Kornhuber J. Clinical significance of fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:528-542. [PMID: 32385624 PMCID: PMC7329803 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other types of dementia disorders has drastically increased over the last decades. AD is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 14 million patients in Europe and the United States. The hallmarks of this disease are neurotic plaques consist of the Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (pTau). Currently, four CSF biomarkers: Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), Aβ42/40 ratio, Tau protein, and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau181) have been indicated as core neurochemical AD biomarkers. However, the identification of additional fluid biomarkers, useful in the prognosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of drug response is sorely needed to better understand the complex heterogeneity of AD pathology as well as to improve diagnosis of patients with the disease. Several novel biomarkers have been extensively investigated, and their utility must be proved and eventually integrated into guidelines for use in clinical practice. This paper presents the research and development of CSF and blood biomarkers for AD as well as their potential clinical significance. Upper panel: Aβ peptides are released from transmembrane Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) under physiological conditions (blue arrow). In AD, however, pathologic accumulation of Aβ monomers leads to their accumulation in plaques (red arrow). This is reflected in decreased concentration of Aβ1-42 and decreased Aβ42/40 concentration ratio in the CSF. Lower panel: Phosphorylated Tau molecules maintain axonal structures; hyperphosphorylation of Tau (red arrow) in AD leads to degeneration of axons, and release of pTau molecules, which then accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles. This process is reflected by increased concentrations of Tau and pTau in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Wang L, Zhang M, Wang Q, Jiang X, Li K, Liu J. APOE ε4 Allele Is Associated with Elevated Levels of CSF VILIP-1 in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:923-931. [PMID: 32308396 PMCID: PMC7156263 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s235395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) has been suggested as a biomarker for neuron injury, which has been shown to have a important diagnostic value in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study purpose is investigating potential effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 on CSF VILIP-1 levels among the preclinical AD. METHODS A total of 110 subjects (including 43 APOE ε4 carriers and 67 ε4 non-carriers) were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) in the present study. RESULTS The results showed that VILIP-1 concentrations in the CSF were statistically significantly increased in APOE ε4 carriers in comparison with non-carriers. Increased CSF VILIP-1 level was positively associated with the concentrations of both CSF-tau and P-tau levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that APOE ε4 might affect CSF VILIP-1 level in preclinical AD, indicating an important role of APOE ε4 in neuron injury leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai St Luke’s and West Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianguo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunyi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - On Behalf of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai St Luke’s and West Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Moreno-Rodriguez M, Perez SE, Nadeem M, Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ. Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 32066474 PMCID: PMC7025403 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2), and neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) are inflammatory biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies have demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid levels of these proteins are changed in AD, no studies have undertaken a detailed examination of alterations in protein levels, cellular expression, and interaction with amyloid in the brain during the progression of AD. METHODS The study evaluated levels of both CHI3L1 and CHI3L2, NPTX2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), complement component 1q (C1q), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CD44, in the frontal cortex of people who died with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild/moderate AD (mAD), and severe AD (sAD) using immunoblot and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS CHI3L1-immunoreactive (-ir) astrocyte numbers were increased in the frontal cortex and white matter in sAD compared to NCI. On the other hand, increases in GFAP and Iba1-ir cell numbers were observed in MCI compared to NCI but only in white matter. Western blot analyses revealed significantly lower frontal cortex CHI3L2 levels, whereas CD44 levels were increased in sAD. No significant differences for CHI3L1, GFAP, C1q, and NPTX2 protein levels were detected between clinical groups. Strong significant correlations were found between frontal cortex CHI3L1 and Iba1-ir cell numbers in white matter and CHI3L1 and C1q protein levels in the early stages of the disease. C1q and Iba1, CD44 with CHI3L2, and GFAP protein levels were associated during disease progression. CHI3L1 and Iba1 cell numbers in white matter showed a significant associations with episodic memory and perceptual speed. CONCLUSIONS White matter CHI3L1 inflammatory response is associated with cognitive impairment early in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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16
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Al Rihani SB, Darakjian LI, Kaddoumi A. Oleocanthal-Rich Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Restores the Blood-Brain Barrier Function through NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition Simultaneously with Autophagy Induction in TgSwDI Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3543-3554. [PMID: 31244050 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multiple hallmarks including extracellular amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, dysfunctional blood-brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, and impaired autophagy. Thus, novel strategies that target multiple disease pathways would be essential to prevent, halt, or treat the disease. A growing body of evidence including our studies supports a protective effect of oleocanthal (OC) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) at early AD stages before the onset of pathology. In addition, we reported previously that OC and EVOO exhibited such effect by restoring the BBB function; however, the mechanism(s) by which OC and EVOO exert such an effect and whether this effect extends to a later stage of AD remain unknown. In this work, we sought first to test the effect of OC-rich EVOO consumption at an advanced stage of the disease in TgSwDI mice, an AD mouse model, starting at the age of 6 months for 3 months treatment, and then to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which OC-rich EVOO exerts the observed beneficial effect. Overall findings demonstrated that OC-rich EVOO restored the BBB function and reduced AD-associated pathology by reducing neuroinflammation through inhibition of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and inducing autophagy through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) pathway. Thus, diet supplementation with OC-rich EVOO could provide beneficial effect to slow or halt the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweilem B. Al Rihani
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Lucy I. Darakjian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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17
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Mondal P, Khan J, Gupta V, Ghosh S. In Silico Approach for Designing Potent Neuroprotective Hexapeptide. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3018-3030. [PMID: 31117343 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a constantly recurring neurodegenerative disease that deteriorates over a period of time. In this pathology, connections between neurons become extremely damaged due to the deposition of senile plaques in the membrane region, which results in abnormal signal transduction processes. Also, the intracellular microtubule networks are disrupted in the hyperphosphorylated tau cascade of AD. Therefore, design and development of potent neuroprotective molecules that can instantaneously target multiple facets of AD pathogenesis are greatly needed to tackle this unmet medical need. Here, we have implemented a pharmacophore based in silico analysis of various neuroprotective peptides known for neurotherapeutic application in AD. Fascinatingly, we have identified an active core of these peptides and designed a library of hexapeptides. We observed that peptide "LETVNQ" (LE6) has shown significant protection ability against degeneration of neurons. Experimental evidence suggests that this peptide immensely reduced the aggregation rate of amyloid-β (Aβ) and helped in microtubule polymerization. Intriguingly, this newly designed peptide does not have any cytotoxicity toward differentiated PC12 neurons; rather it helps in neurite outgrowth. Further, LE6 helps to maintain the complex microtubule network in cells by promoting the polymerization rate of intracellular microtubules and mediates excellent protection of neurons even after removal of nerve growth factor (NGF). Finally, we observed that this LE6 peptide has substantial stability under physiological conditions and helps to retain healthy morphology of primary rat cortical neurons. This excellent piece of work identifies a potent hexapeptide, which has exceptional ability to protect neurons as well as microtubule from degeneration and may become potent therapeutics against AD pathogenesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032 WB, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032 WB, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032 WB, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032 WB, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a daunting challenge in clinical diagnosis and management. Biomarkers that might aid in the diagnosis of these devastating and globally important diseases are urgently sought and required. Here we describe the application and state of development of a range of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia T Robey
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, 4 Lawrence Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, 4 Lawrence Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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19
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Nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin with neprilysin and p-Tau antibodies induces superior neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:145-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Ott BR, Jones RN, Daiello LA, de la Monte SM, Stopa EG, Johanson CE, Denby C, Grammas P. Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Gradients in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Relationship to Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:245. [PMID: 30186149 PMCID: PMC6110816 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology underlying altered blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown but may relate to endothelial cell activation and cytokine mediated inflammation. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood were concurrently collected from cognitively healthy controls (N = 21) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (N = 8) or AD (N = 11). The paired serum and CSF samples were assayed for a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and related trophic factors using multiplex ELISAs. Dominance analysis models were conducted to determine the relative importance of the inflammatory factors in relationship to BCSFB permeability, as measured by CSF/serum ratios for urea, creatinine, and albumin. Results: BCSFB disruption to urea, a small molecule distributed by passive diffusion, had a full model coefficient of determination (r2) = 0.35, and large standardized dominance weights (>0.1) for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-1rα, and IL-2 in serum. BCSFB disruption to creatinine, a larger molecule governed by active transport, had a full model r2 = 0.78, and large standardized dominance weights for monocyte inhibitor protein-1b in CSF and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum. BCSFB disruption to albumin, a much larger molecule, had a full model r2 = 0.62, and large standardized dominance weights for IL-17a, interferon-gamma, IL-2, and VEGF in CSF, as well IL-4 in serum. Conclusions: Inflammatory proteins have been widely documented in the AD brain. The results of the current study suggest that changes in BCSFB function resulting in altered permeability and transport are related to expression of specific inflammatory proteins, and that the shifting distribution of these proteins from serum to CSF in AD and MCI is correlated with more severe perturbations in BCSFB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Ott
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Brian R. Ott
| | - Richard N. Jones
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lori A. Daiello
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Edward G. Stopa
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Conrad E. Johanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles Denby
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paula Grammas
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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21
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Kiyota T, Machhi J, Lu Y, Dyavarshetty B, Nemati M, Yokoyama I, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:80-92. [PMID: 29573847 PMCID: PMC5916331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on behavioral and pathological outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-transgenic mice. GM-CSF treatment in AD mice reduced brain amyloidosis, increased plasma Aβ, and rescued cognitive impairment with increased hippocampal expression of calbindin and synaptophysin and increased levels of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. These data extend GM-CSF pleiotropic neuroprotection mechanisms in AD and include regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation of microglial function, Aβ clearance, maintenance of synaptic integrity, and induction of neurogenesis. Together these data support further development of GM-CSF as a neuroprotective agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Izumi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R L Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder representing the leading cause of dementia and is affecting nearly 44 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by a progressive decline in acetylcholine levels in the cholinergic systems, which results in severe memory loss and cognitive impairments. Expression levels and activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme has been noted to increase significantly in the late stages of AD, thus making it a viable drug target. A series of hydroxylated 2-phenylbenzofurans compounds were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE enzymes were evaluated. Two compounds (15 and 17) displayed higher inhibitory activity towards BChE with IC50 values of 6.23 μM and 3.57 μM, and a good antioxidant activity with EC50 values 14.9 μM and 16.7 μM, respectively. The same compounds further exhibited selective inhibitory activity against BChE over AChE. Computational studies were used to compare protein-binding pockets and evaluate the interaction fingerprints of the compound. Molecular simulations showed a conserved protein residue interaction network between the compounds, resulting in similar interaction energy values. Thus, combination of biochemical and computational approaches could represent rational guidelines for further structural modification of these hydroxy-benzofuran derivatives as future drugs for treatment of AD.
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23
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López-Hurtado A, Burgos DF, González P, Dopazo XM, González V, Rábano A, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Inhibition of DREAM-ATF6 interaction delays onset of cognition deficit in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Mol Brain 2018. [PMID: 29523177 PMCID: PMC5845147 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a multifunctional neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) that controls Ca2+ and protein homeostasis through gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. Downregulation of DREAM is part of an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism that improves ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) processing, neuronal survival in the striatum, and motor coordination in R6/2 mice, a model of Huntington’s disease (HD). Whether modulation of DREAM activity can also ameliorate cognition deficits in HD mice has not been studied. Moreover, it is not known whether DREAM downregulation in HD is unique, or also occurs for other NCS family members. Using the novel object recognition test, we show that chronic administration of the DREAM-binding molecule repaglinide, or induced DREAM haplodeficiency delays onset of cognitive impairment in R6/1 mice, another HD model. The mechanism involves a notable rise in the levels of transcriptionally active ATF6 protein in the hippocampus after repaglinide administration. In addition, we show that reduction in DREAM protein in the hippocampus of HD patients was not accompanied by downregulation of other NCS family members. Our results indicate that DREAM inhibition markedly improves ATF6 processing in the hippocampus and that it might contribute to a delay in memory decline in HD mice. The mechanism of neuroprotection through DREAM silencing in HD does not apply to other NCS family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Hurtado
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xose M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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