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Begum TF, Patil VS, Zhu L, Yeh MC, González E, Fraser MA, Lu W, Zhu S, Rubio-Torio N, Ma GX, Tan Y. Assessing Physicians' Recommendations for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Testing Among Minority Populations in Greater Philadelphia and New York City. J Community Health 2024; 49:588-597. [PMID: 38286964 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Deaths from liver cancer are on the rise and disproportionately affect minority racial/ethnic groups. In this study, we examined associations between physicians' recommendations for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among minority populations in the areas of Greater Philadelphia and New York City. Using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation, we evaluated potential associations for 576 Hispanic American (HA), African American (AA), and Asian Pacific American (APA) adults, using blood tests as an outcome measure, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors We found that APAs (34.2%) were most likely to have a physician recommend HBV and HCV screening tests (34.2% and 27.1%, respectively), while HAs were least likely to receive an HBV recommendation (15.0%) and AAs were least likely to receive an HCV recommendation (15.3%). HAs were significantly likely to have never received a blood test for either HBV or HCV (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.49). APAs were significantly more likely to receive a screening recommendation for HBV (RR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.20) and to have a blood test (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.33). Our findings show that, among HAs, AAs, and APAs, physician recommendations are strongly associated with patients undergoing blood tests for HBV and HCV and that minority populations should increasingly be recommended to screen for HBV and HCV, especially given their elevated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin F Begum
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vidya S Patil
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Chin Yeh
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn González
- Office of Community Outreach, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Wenyue Lu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Zhu
- Pennsylvania United Chinese Coalition, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yin Tan
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nalluri H, Marmor S, Prathibha S, Jenkins A, Dindinger-Hill K, Kihara M, Sundberg MA, Day LW, Owen MJ, Lowry AC, Tuttle TM. Evaluating Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival in American Indian/Alaskan Native Patients Using the National Cancer Database. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2407-2415. [PMID: 37432562 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrate higher mortality rates from colon cancer in American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) patients compared to non-Hispanic White (nHW). We aim to identify factors that contribute to survival disparities. METHODS We used the National Cancer Database to identify AI/AN (n = 2127) and nHW (n = 527,045) patients with stage I-IV colon cancer from 2004 to 2016. Overall survival among stage I-IV colon cancer patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis; Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to identify independent predictors of survival. RESULTS AI/AN patients with stage I-III disease had significantly shorter median survival than nHW (73 vs 77 months, respectively; p < 0.001); there were no differences in survival for stage IV. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that AI/AN race was an independent predictor of higher overall mortality compared to nHW (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.33, p = 0.002). Importantly, compared to nHW, AI/AN were younger, had more comorbidities, had greater rurality, had more left-sided colon cancers, had higher stage but lower grade tumors, were less frequently treated at an academic facility, were more likely to experience a delay in initiation of chemotherapy, and were less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease. We found no differences in sex, receipt of surgery, or adequacy of lymph node dissection. CONCLUSION We found patient, tumor, and treatment factors that potentially contribute to worse survival rates observed in AI/AN colon cancer patients. Limitations include the heterogeneity of AI/AN patients and the use of overall survival as an endpoint. Additional studies are needed to implement strategies to eliminate disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Nalluri
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Schelomo Marmor
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Saranya Prathibha
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Asher Jenkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle Kihara
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael A Sundberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lukejohn W Day
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary J Owen
- Department of Family Medicine and BioBehavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
- Center for American Indian and Minority Health, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Ann C Lowry
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd M Tuttle
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Burchard PR, Ruffolo LI, Ullman NA, Dale BS, Dave YA, Hilty BK, Ye J, Georger M, Jewell R, Miller C, De Las Casas L, Jarolimek W, Perryman L, Byrne MM, Loria A, Marin C, Chávez Villa M, Yeh JJ, Belt BA, Linehan DC, Hernandez-Alejandro R. Pan-lysyl oxidase inhibition disrupts fibroinflammatory tumor stroma, rendering cholangiocarcinoma susceptible to chemotherapy. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0502. [PMID: 39101793 PMCID: PMC11299993 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) features highly desmoplastic stroma that promotes structural and functional resistance to therapy. Lysyl oxidases (LOX, LOXL1-4) catalyze collagen cross-linking, thereby increasing stromal rigidity and facilitating therapeutic resistance. Here, we evaluate the role of lysyl oxidases in stromal desmoplasia and the effects of pan-lysyl oxidase (pan-LOX) inhibition in CCA. METHODS Resected CCA and normal liver specimens were analyzed from archival tissues. Spontaneous and orthotopic murine models of intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) were used to assess the impact of the pan-LOX inhibitor PXS-5505 in treatment and correlative studies. The functional role of pan-LOX inhibition was interrogated through in vivo and ex vivo assays. RESULTS All 5 lysyl oxidases are upregulated in CCA and reduced lysyl oxidase expression is correlated with an improved prognosis in resected patients with CCA. Spontaneous and orthotopic murine models of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma upregulate all 5 lysyl oxidase isoforms. Pan-LOX inhibition reversed mechanical compression of tumor vasculature, resulting in improved chemotherapeutic penetrance and cytotoxic efficacy. The combination of chemotherapy with pan-LOX inhibition increased damage-associated molecular pattern release, which was associated with improved antitumor T-cell responses. Pan-LOX inhibition downregulated macrophage invasive signatures in vitro, rendering tumor-associated macrophages more susceptible to chemotherapy. Mice bearing orthotopic and spontaneously occurring intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumors exhibited delayed tumor growth and improved survival following a combination of pan-LOX inhibition with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS CCA upregulates all 5 lysyl oxidase isoforms, and pan-LOX inhibition reverses tumor-induced mechanical forces associated with chemotherapy resistance to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy and reprogram antitumor immune responses. Thus, combination therapy with pan-LOX inhibition represents an innovative therapeutic strategy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Burchard
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luis I. Ruffolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Ullman
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Dale
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yatee A. Dave
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Bailey K. Hilty
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mary Georger
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Jewell
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christine Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luis De Las Casas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lara Perryman
- Drug Discovery, Syntara Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew M. Byrne
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Loria
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chelsea Marin
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mariana Chávez Villa
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian A. Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David C. Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Division of Solid Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Han D, Zhang ZY, Deng JY, Du HB. Survival disparities among racial groups with hepatic malignant tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2999-3010. [PMID: 39072178 PMCID: PMC11271794 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the impact of race on the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of hepatic malignant tumors represents a complex and significant area of research. Notably, distinct differences exist among various racial groups in terms of the clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and prognosis of hepatic malignant tumors. AIM To explore the effect of race on clinicopathologic features and prognosis of hepatic malignancies. METHODS Data from patients with hepatic malignancies diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and statistically analyzed. RESULTS This study included 123558 patients with hepatic malignant tumors, among whom 21078 (17.06%) were Asian, 14810 (11.99%) were Black, and 87670 (70.95%) were white. The median survival times for patients with hepatic malignant tumors of different races were 12.56, 7.70, and 9.35 months for Asian patients, Black patients, and white patients, respectively. The 3-year survival rates for Asian, Black, and white patients were 29%, 19%, and 21%, respectively, and the 5-year survival rates were 22%, 13%, and 15%, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference in the survival time of patients with hepatic malignant tumors between different races (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed gender disparities in the prognosis among different ethnic groups (Asian: P > 0.05; Black: P < 0.001; White: P < 0.05). Among Black patients, the prognosis was less affected by the degree of hepatic fibrosis than among Asian patients and white patients (Black patients: P < 0.05; Asian patients: P < 0.001; White patients: P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in the median survival time among patients with hepatic neuroendocrine tumors and hepatoblastomas during pathologic staging between races. Tumor number was inversely related to the prognosis. Cox regression analyses revealed that T stage, M stage, surgery, chemotherapy, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor size independently influenced prognosis. Age was a specific independent prognostic factor for white patients. Among the tumor stages, N stage is a self-reliant prognostic element specific to white patients. Conversely, radiotherapy and liver fibrosis were not self-reliant prognostic factors for Black patients. Income alone did not independently influence the prognosis of Asian patients. CONCLUSION The prognosis of hepatic malignant tumors is better among Asian patients than among Black patients. The prognosis of hepatic malignant tumors among white patients is affected by multiple factors, including age and N stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin-Yan Deng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Hong-Bo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
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Spees LP, Jackson BE, Raveendran Y, Morris HN, Emerson MA, Baggett CD, Bell RA, Salas AI, Meernik C, Akinyemiju TF, Wheeler SB. Characterizing Cancer Burden in the American Indian Population in North Carolina. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:838-845. [PMID: 38578081 PMCID: PMC11147726 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Indian (AI) population in North Carolina has limited access to the Indian Health Service. Consequently, cancer burden and disparities may differ from national estimates. We describe the AI cancer population and examine AI-White disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS We identified cancer cases diagnosed among adult AI and White populations between 2014 and 2018 from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. We estimated incidence and mortality rate ratios (IRR and MRR) by race. In addition, between the AI and White populations, we estimated the ratio of relative frequency differences [RRF, with 95% confidence limits (CL)] of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Finally, we evaluated the geographic distribution of incident diagnoses among AI populations. RESULTS Our analytic sample included 2,161 AI and 204,613 White individuals with cancer. Compared with the White population, the AI population was more likely to live in rural areas (48% vs. 25%; RRF, 1.89; 95% CL, 1.81-1.97) and to have Medicaid (18% vs. 7%; RRF, 2.49; 95% CL, 2.27-2.71). Among the AI population, the highest age-standardized incidence rates were female breast, followed by prostate and lung and bronchus. Liver cancer incidence was significantly higher among the AI population than White population (IRR, 1.27; 95% CL, 1.01-1.59). AI patients had higher mortality rates for prostate (MRR, 1.72; CL, 1.09-2.70), stomach (MRR, 1.82; 95% CL, 1.15-2.86), and liver (MRR, 1.70; 95% CL, 1.25-2.33) cancers compared with White patients. CONCLUSIONS To reduce prostate, stomach, and liver cancer disparities among AI populations in North Carolina, multi-modal interventions targeting risk factors and increasing screening and treatment are needed. IMPACT This study identifies cancer disparities that can inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes among AI populations in North Carolina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Spees
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bradford E Jackson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Hayley N Morris
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Marc A Emerson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher D Baggett
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ana I Salas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Clare Meernik
- Duke Cancer Institute (DCI), Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Stephanie B Wheeler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC), UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Hua S, Dong X, Peng Q, Zhang K, Zhang X, Yang J. Single-atom nanozymes shines diagnostics of gastrointestinal diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:286. [PMID: 38796465 PMCID: PMC11127409 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Various clinical symptoms of digestive system, such as infectious, inflammatory, and malignant disorders, have a profound impact on the quality of life and overall health of patients. Therefore, the chase for more potent medicines is both highly significant and urgent. Nanozymes, a novel class of nanomaterials, amalgamate the biological properties of nanomaterials with the catalytic activity of enzymes, and have been engineered for various biomedical applications, including complex gastrointestinal diseases (GI). Particularly, because of their distinctive metal coordination structure and ability to maximize atom use efficiency, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically scattered metal centers are becoming a more viable substitute for natural enzymes. Traditional nanozyme design strategies are no longer able to meet the current requirements for efficient and diverse SAzymes design due to the diversification and complexity of preparation processes. As a result, this review emphasizes the design concept and the synthesis strategy of SAzymes, and corresponding bioenzyme-like activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Then the various application of SAzymes in GI illnesses are summarized, which should encourage further research into nanozymes to achieve better application characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Hua
- Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiulin Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Peng
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Gosnell JM, Golovko G, Arroyave E, Moghe A, Kueht ML, Saldarriaga OA, McKinney KH, Stevenson HL, Ferguson MR. Disparate outcomes in Hispanic patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes: Large cohort study. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:886-897. [PMID: 38766421 PMCID: PMC11099377 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are a growing health burden across a significant portion of the global patient population. However, these conditions seem to have disparate rates and outcomes between different ethnic populations. The combination of MASLD/MASH and type 2 diabetes increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Hispanic patients experience the greatest burden, particularly those in South Texas. AIM To compare outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients in the United States, while further focusing on the Hispanic population within Southeast Texas to determine whether the documented disparity in outcomes is a function of geographical circumstance or if there is a more widespread reason that all clinicians must account for in prognostic consideration. METHODS This cohort analysis was conducted with data obtained from TriNetX, LLC ("TriNetX"), a global federated health research network that provides access to deidentified medical records from healthcare organizations worldwide. Two cohort networks were used: University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) hospital and the United States national database collective to determine whether disparities were related to geographic regions, like Southeast Texas. RESULTS This study findings revealed Hispanics/Latinos have a statistically significant higher occurrence of HCC, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in both the United States and the UTMB Hispanic/Latino groups. All-cause mortality in Hispanics/Latinos was lower within the United States group and not statistically elevated in the UTMB cohort. CONCLUSION This would appear to support that Hispanic patients in Southeast Texas are not uniquely affected compared to the national Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Matthew Gosnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Esteban Arroyave
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Akshata Moghe
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael L Kueht
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Omar Abdul Saldarriaga
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Kevin H McKinney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Monique R Ferguson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Vishwanath A, Krishna S, Manudhane AP, Hart PA, Krishna SG. Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Investigation into a Rising Concern. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1553. [PMID: 38672634 PMCID: PMC11049592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in young adults < 50 years of age. While much of the literature has emphasized colorectal cancer, these also include esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and biliary tract malignancies. Various factors, including lifestyle, hereditary, and environmental elements, have been proposed to explain the rising incidence of GI malignancies in the younger population. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent literature, including global trends and information regarding genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Vishwanath
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shreyas Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Albert P. Manudhane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.); (A.P.M.)
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Gordan JD, Kennedy EB, Abou-Alfa GK, Beal E, Finn RS, Gade TP, Goff L, Gupta S, Guy J, Hoang HT, Iyer R, Jaiyesimi I, Jhawer M, Karippot A, Kaseb AO, Kelley RK, Kortmansky J, Leaf A, Remak WM, Sohal DPS, Taddei TH, Wilson Woods A, Yarchoan M, Rose MG. Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2302745. [PMID: 38502889 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To update an evidence-based guideline to assist in clinical decision-making for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to update the 2020 guideline on systemic therapy for HCC. The panel updated the systematic review to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through October 2023 and updated recommendations. RESULTS Ten new RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were added to the evidence base. RECOMMENDATIONS Atezolizumab + bevacizumab (atezo + bev) or durvalumab + tremelimumab (durva + treme) may be offered first-line for patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh class A liver disease, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1. Where there are contraindications to these therapies, sorafenib, lenvatinib, or durvalumab may be offered first-line. Following first-line treatment with atezo + bev, second-line therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), ramucirumab (for patients with alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] ≥400 ng/mL), durva + treme, or nivolumab + ipilimumab (nivo + ipi) may be recommended for appropriate candidates. Following first-line therapy with durva + treme, second-line therapy with a TKI is recommended. Following first-line treatment with sorafenib or lenvatinib, second-line therapy options include cabozantinib, regorafenib for patients who previously tolerated sorafenib, ramucirumab (AFP ≥400 ng/mL), nivo + ipi, or durvalumab; atezo + bev or durva + treme may be considered for patients who did not have access to these therapies in the first-line setting, and do not have contraindications. Pembrolizumab or nivolumab are also options for appropriate patients following sorafenib or lenvatinib. Third-line therapy may be considered in Child-Pugh class A patients with good PS, using one of the agents listed previously that has a nonidentical mechanism of action with previously received therapy. A cautious approach to systemic therapy is recommended for patients with Child-Pugh class B advanced HCC. Further guidance on choosing between options is included within the guideline.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Gordan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY
- Trinity College Dublin Medical School, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Laura Goff
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Renuka Iyer
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - R Kate Kelley
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Andrea Leaf
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
| | - William M Remak
- California Hepatitis C Task Force, California Chronic Care Coalition, FAIR Foundation, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Tamar H Taddei
- Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Michal G Rose
- Yale Cancer Center and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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Burden of liver cancer mortality by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e186-e198. [PMID: 38429018 PMCID: PMC10986755 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how specific populations are affected by liver cancer is important for identifying priorities, policies, and interventions to mitigate health risks and reduce disparities. This study aims to provide comprehensive analysis of rates and trends in liver cancer mortality for different racial and ethnic populations in the USA nationally and at the county level from 2000 to 2019. METHODS We applied small-area estimation methods to death registration data from the US National Vital Statistics System and population data from the US National Center for Health Statistics to estimate liver cancer mortality rates by county, racial and ethnic population, and year (2000-19) in the USA. Race and ethnicity were categorised as non-Latino and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), non-Latino and non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (Asian), non-Latino and non-Hispanic Black (Black), Latino or Hispanic (Latino), and non-Latino and non-Hispanic White (White). Estimates were adjusted using published misclassification ratios to correct for inaccuracies in race or ethnicity as recorded on death certificates, and then age-standardised. Mortality rate estimates are presented for all county and racial and ethnic population combinations with a mean annual population greater than 1000. FINDINGS Nationally, the age-standardised liver cancer mortality rate increased between the years 2000 (4·2 deaths per 100 000 population [95% uncertainty interval 4·1-4·3]) and 2016 (6·0 per 100 000 [5·9-6·1]), followed by a stabilisation in rates from 2016 to 2019 (6·1 per 100 000 [6·0-6·2]). Similar trends were observed across the AIAN, Black, Latino, and White populations, whereas the Asian population showed an overall decrease across the 20-year study period. Qualitatively similar trends were observed in most counties; however, the mortality rate and the rate of change varied substantially across counties, both within and across racial and ethnic populations. For the 2016-19 period, mortality continued to increase at a substantial rate in some counties even while it stabilised nationally. Nationally, the White population had the lowest mortality rate in all years, while the racial and ethnic population with the highest rate changed from the Asian population in 2000 to the AIAN population in 2019. Racial and ethnic disparities were substantial: in 2019, mortality was highest in the AIAN population (10·5 deaths per 100 000 [9·1-12·0]), notably lower for the Asian (7·5 per 100 000 [7·1-7·9]), Black (7·6 per 100 000 [7·3-7·8]), and Latino (7·7 per 100 000 [7·5-8·0]) populations, and lowest for the White population (5·5 [5·4-5·6]). These racial and ethnic disparities in mortality were prevalent throughout the country: in 2019, mortality was higher in minoritised racial and ethnic populations than in the White population living in the same county in 408 (87·7%) of 465 counties with unmasked estimates for the AIAN population, 604 (90·6%) of 667 counties for the Asian population, 1207 (81·2%) of 1486 counties for the Black population, and 1073 (73·0%) of 1469 counties for the Latino population. INTERPRETATION Although the plateau in liver cancer mortality rates in recent years is encouraging, mortality remains too high in many locations throughout the USA, particularly for minoritised racial and ethnic populations. Addressing population-specific risk factors and differences in access to quality health care is essential for decreasing the burden and disparities in liver cancer mortality across racial and ethnic populations and locations. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health (Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Intramural Research Program, National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Office of Disease Prevention; and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research).
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11
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Ferritin: Significance in viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2531. [PMID: 38502012 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable trace element, iron is essential for many biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that virus infection can perturb iron metabolism and play a role in the occurrence and development of viral infection-related diseases. Ferritin plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's iron homoeostasis. It is an important protein to stabilise the iron balance in cells. Ferritin is a 24-mer hollow iron storage protein composed of two subunits: ferritin heavy chain and ferritin light chain. It was reported that ferritin is not only an intra-cellular iron storage protein, but also a pathogenic mediator that enhances the inflammatory process and stimulates the further inflammatory pathway, which is a key member of the vicious pathogenic cycle to perpetuate. Ferritin exerts immuno-suppressive and pro-inflammatory functions during viral infection. In this review, we describe in detail the basic information of ferritin in the first section, including its structural features, the regulation of ferritin. In the second part, we focus on the role of ferritin in viral infection-related diseases and the molecular mechanisms by which viral infection regulates ferritin. The last section briefly outlines the potential of ferritin in antiviral therapy. Given the importance of iron and viral infection, understanding the role of ferritin during viral infection helps us understand the relationship between iron metabolic dysfunction and viral infection, which provides a new direction for the development of antiviral therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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12
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Franco-Rocha OY, Lewis KA, Longoria KD, De La Torre Schutz A, Wright ML, Kesler SR. Cancer-related cognitive impairment in racial and ethnic minority groups: a scoping review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12561-12587. [PMID: 37432455 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in cognitive function among racial and ethnic groups have been reported in non-cancer conditions, but cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in racial and ethnic minority groups is poorly understood. We aimed to synthesize and characterize the available literature about CRCI in racial and ethnic minority populations. METHODS We conducted a scoping review in the PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. Articles were included if they were published in English or Spanish, reported cognitive functioning in adults diagnosed with cancer, and characterized the race or ethnicity of the participants. Literature reviews, commentaries, letters to the editor, and gray literature were excluded. RESULTS Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria, but only 33.8% differentiated the CRCI findings by racial or ethnic subgroups. There were associations between cognitive outcomes and the participants' race or ethnicity. Additionally, some studies found that Black and non-white individuals with cancer were more likely to experience CRCI than their white counterparts. Biological, sociocultural, and instrumentation factors were associated with CRCI differences between racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that racial and ethnic minoritized individuals may be disparately affected by CRCI. Future research should use standardized guidelines for measuring and reporting the self-identified racial and ethnic composition of the sample; differentiate CRCI findings by racial and ethnic subgroups; consider the influence of structural racism in health outcomes; and develop strategies to promote the participation of members of racial and ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Y Franco-Rocha
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Kimberly A Lewis
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kayla D Longoria
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexa De La Torre Schutz
- Brain Health Neuroscience Lab, School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L Wright
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, USA
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Chavda V, Zajac KK, Gunn JL, Balar P, Khadela A, Vaghela D, Soni S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1821. [PMID: 37344125 PMCID: PMC10440848 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6-phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E-cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non-genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS The severity of the disease and its occurrence vary based on geographical location. Furthermore, men and minorities have been shown to be disproportionately affected by HCC, compared with women and non-minorities. Ethnicity has been reported to significantly affect tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC. Generally, differences in gene expression and/or the presence of comorbid medical diseases affect or influence the progression of HCC. Non-Caucasian HCC patients are significantly more likely to have poorer survival outcomes, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to the success rate of treatments for HCC. CONCLUSION Assessment and treatment of HCC must be consistent using evidence-based guidelines and standardized outcomes, as well as international clinical practice guidelines for global consensus. Standardizing the assessment approach and method will enable comparison and improvement of liver cancer research through collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups. In this review, we will focus on discussing epidemiological factors that result in deviations and changes in treatment approaches for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Kelsee K. Zajac
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Jenna Lynn Gunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of PharmacologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Dixa Vaghela
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySt. John's UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
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Reghupaty SC, Kanwal S, Mendoza RG, Davis E, Li H, Lai Z, Dozmorov MG, Faison MO, Siddiqui RA, Sarkar D. Dysregulation of Type I Interferon (IFN-I) Signaling: A Potential Contributor to Racial Disparity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4283. [PMID: 37686559 PMCID: PMC10486472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
African-American (AA)/Black hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have increased incidence and decreased survival rates compared to non-Hispanic (White) patients, the underlying molecular mechanism of which is not clear. Analysis of existing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and in-house RNA-sequencing of 14 White and 18 AA/Black HCC patients revealed statistically significant activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway in AA/Black patients. A four-gene signature of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) showed increased expression in AA/Black HCC tumors versus White. HCC is a disease of chronic inflammation, and IFN-Is function as pro-inflammatory cytokines. We tested efficacy of ginger extract (GE), a dietary compound known for anti-inflammatory properties, on HCC cell lines derived from White (HepG2), AA/Black (Hep3B and O/20) and Asian (HuH-7) patients. GE exhibited a significantly lower IC50 on Hep3B and O/20 cells than on HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. The GE treatment inhibited the activation of downstream mediators of IFN-I signaling pathways and expression of ISGs in all four HCC cells. Our data suggest that ginger can potentially attenuate IFN-I-mediated signaling pathways in HCC, and cells from AA/Black HCC patients may be more sensitive to ginger. AA/Black HCC patients might benefit from a holistic diet containing ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadia Kanwal
- Food and Nutrition Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Rachel G. Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Eva Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Haiwen Li
- Food and Nutrition Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics and Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Milton Omar Faison
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA;
| | - Rafat Ali Siddiqui
- Food and Nutrition Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA; (S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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15
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Zhang Z, Gao W, Liu Z, Yu S, Jian H, Hou Z, Zeng P. Comprehensive analysis of m6A regulators associated with immune infiltration in Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37507670 PMCID: PMC10385918 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6A methylation (m6A) is a significant epigenetic modification that critically impacts post-transcriptional regulation and tumor occurrence and development. While previous studies have identified a role for epigenetic regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the potential function of the m6A cluster in Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC remains unclear. METHODS The related information was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Based on the expression of 20 m6A regulators, we comprehensively evaluated the m6A clusters and systematically explored the correlation between these clusters and immune cell infiltration characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The patients were divided into low- and high-m6A score groups. Then, the immune cell infiltration, chemokines, and cytokines levels, and drug sensitivity were further explored between the two groups. RESULTS The m6A cluster predicted a better prognosis that was accompanied by increased immune cell infiltration. Using these results, an m6A score was established that could predict overall survival, immune checkpoints, and clinical treatments for patients with HBV-related HCC. This study demonstrated that m6A modifications affected tumorigenesis, TME, and the prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC. CONCLUSION A comprehensive assessment of m6A patterns could improve the current understanding of immune cell infiltration patterns and inform the development of individualized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Jian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zongwei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China
| | - Puhua Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, P.R. China.
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Ying X, Pan Y, Rosenblatt R, Ng C, Sholle E, Fahoum K, Jesudian A, Fortune BE. Impact of Race and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on Liver Cancer Diagnosis in Patients with Viral Hepatitis and Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:568-575. [PMID: 37440951 PMCID: PMC10333940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Concerning data have revealed that viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) disproportionally impact non-White patients and those from lower socioeconomic status. A recent study found that HCC clusters were more likely to be in high poverty areas in New York City. Aims We aim to investigate the impacts of neighborhood characteristics on those with viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, particularly with advanced HCC diagnosis. Methods Patients with cirrhosis and viral hepatitis admitted to a New York City health system between 2012 and 2019 were included. Those with prior liver transplants were excluded. Neighborhood characteristics were obtained from US Census. Our primary outcome was HCC and advanced HCC diagnosis. Results This study included 348 patients; 209 without history of HCC, 20 with early HCC, 98 with advanced HCC, and 21 patients with HCC but no staging information. Patients with advanced HCC were more likely to be older, male, Asian, history of HBV, and increased mortality. They were more likely to live in areas with more foreign-born, limited English speakers, and less than high school education. After adjusting for age, sex, and payor type, Asian race and low income were independent risk factors for advanced HCC. Neighborhood factors were not associated with mortality or readmissions. Conclusion We observed that in addition to age and sex, Asian race, lower household income, lower education, and lower English proficiency were associated with increased risk of advanced HCC. These disparities likely reflect suboptimal screening programs and linkage to care among vulnerable populations. Further efforts are crucial to validate and address these concerning disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ying
- NewYork Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yushan Pan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell Rosenblatt
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Ng
- NewYork Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Sholle
- NewYork Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Arun Jesudian
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett E. Fortune
- Montefiore-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Bronx, NY, USA
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Gong L, Lu Y, Wang J, Li X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Ma R, Ma J, Liu T, Han S. Cocktail hepatocarcinoma therapy by a super-assembled nano-pill targeting XPO1 and ATR synergistically. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:603-615. [PMID: 37440910 PMCID: PMC10334348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive cancer treatment with drug combination is widely exploited in the clinic but suffers from inconsistent pharmacokinetics among different therapeutic agents. To overcome it, the emerging nanomedicine offers an unparalleled opportunity for encapsulating multiple drugs in a nano-carrier. Herein, a two-step super-assembled strategy was performed to unify the pharmacokinetics of a peptide and a small molecular compound. In this proof-of-concept study, the bioinformatics analysis firstly revealed the potential synergies towards hepatoma therapy for the associative inhibition of exportin 1 (XPO1) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated-Rad3-related (ATR), and then a super-assembled nano-pill (gold nano drug carrier loaded AZD6738 and 97-110 amino acids of apoptin (AP) (AA@G)) was constructed through camouflaging AZD6738 (ATR small-molecule inhibitor)-binding human serum albumin onto the AP-Au supramolecular nanoparticle. As expected, both in vitro and in vivo experiment results verified that the AA@G possessed extraordinary biocompatibility and enhanced therapeutic effect through inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair of hepatoma cell. This work not only provides a co-delivery strategy for intensive liver cancer treatment with the clinical translational potential, but develops a common approach to unify the pharmacokinetics of peptide and small-molecular compounds, thereby extending the scope of drugs for developing the advanced combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyun Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Rongze Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Lei B, Jiang X, Saxena A. TCGA Expression Analyses of 10 Carcinoma Types Reveal Clinically Significant Racial Differences. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 37345032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal disparities in cancer incidence and outcome rates between racial groups in the United States. In our study, we investigated molecular differences between racial groups in 10 carcinoma types. We used publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify patterns of differential gene expression in tumor samples obtained from 4112 White, Black/African American, and Asian patients. We identified race-dependent expression of numerous genes whose mRNA transcript levels were significantly correlated with patients' survival. Only a small subset of these genes was differentially expressed in multiple carcinomas, including genes involved in cell cycle progression such as CCNB1, CCNE1, CCNE2, and FOXM1. In contrast, most other genes, such as transcriptional factor ETS1 and apoptotic gene BAK1, were differentially expressed and clinically significant only in specific cancer types. Our analyses also revealed race-dependent, cancer-specific regulation of biological pathways. Importantly, homology-directed repair and ERBB4-mediated nuclear signaling were both upregulated in Black samples compared to White samples in four carcinoma types. This large-scale pan-cancer study refines our understanding of the cancer health disparity and can help inform the use of novel biomarkers in clinical settings and the future development of precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lei
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
- Biology and Biochemistry Programs, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, New York, NY 11210, USA
- Biology and Biochemistry Programs, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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19
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Hussein MS, Li Q, Mao R, Peng Y, He Y. TCR T cells overexpressing c-Jun have better functionality with improved tumor infiltration and persistence in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114770. [PMID: 37215108 PMCID: PMC10192869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The overall 5-year survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major form of liver cancer, is merely 20%, underscoring the need for more effective therapies. We recently identified T cell receptors (TCR) specific for the HLA-A2/alpha fetoprotein amino acids 158-166 (AFP158) and showed that these TCR engineered T cells could control HCC xenografts in NSG mice. However, their efficacy was limited by poor expansion, loss of function, and short persistence of the TCR T cells. Here, we studied whether overexpression of c-Jun, a transcription factor required for T cell activation, in the TCR T cells could enhance their expansion, function, and persistence in HCC tumor models. Methods Recombinant lentiviral vectors (lv), expressing either the HLA-A2/AFP158-specific TCR or both the TCR and c-Jun (TCR-JUN), were constructed and used to transduce primary human T cells to generate the TCR or TCR-JUN T cells, respectively. We compared the expansion, effector function, and exhaustion status of the TCR and TCR-JUN T cells in vitro after HCC tumor stimulation. Additionally, we studied the persistence and antitumor effects of the TCR and TCR-JUN T cells using the HCC xenografts in NSG mice. Results We could effectively transduce primary human T cells to express both TCR and c-Jun. Compared to the HLA-A2/AFP158 TCR T cells, the TCR-JUN T cells have better expansion potential in culture, with enhanced functional capacity against HCC tumor cells. In addition, the TCR-JUN T cells were less apoptotic and more resistant to exhaustion after HepG2 tumor stimulation. In the HCC xenograft tumor model, c-Jun overexpression enhanced the TCR T cell expansion and increased the overall survival rate of the treated mice. Importantly, the TCR-JUN T cells were less exhausted in the tumor lesions and demonstrated enhanced tumor infiltration, functionality, and persistence. Conclusion c-Jun overexpression can enhance the expansion, function, and persistence of the A2/AFP158 TCR engineered T cells. The c-Jun gene co-delivery has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of AFP specific TCR T cells when treating patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Hussein
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rui Mao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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20
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McMahon B, Cohen C, Brown Jr RS, El-Serag H, Ioannou GN, Lok AS, Roberts LR, Singal AG, Block T. Opportunities to address gaps in early detection and improve outcomes of liver cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad034. [PMID: 37144952 PMCID: PMC10212536 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Death rates from primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) have continued to rise in the United States over the recent decades despite the availability of an increasing range of treatment modalities, including new systemic therapies. Prognosis is strongly associated with tumor stage at diagnosis; however, most cases of HCC are diagnosed beyond an early stage. This lack of early detection has contributed to low survival rates. Professional society guidelines recommend semiannual ultrasound-based HCC screening for at-risk populations, yet HCC surveillance continues to be underused in clinical practice. On April 28, 2022, the Hepatitis B Foundation convened a workshop to discuss the most pressing challenges and barriers to early HCC detection and the need to better leverage existing and emerging tools and technologies that could improve HCC screening and early detection. In this commentary, we summarize technical, patient-level, provider-level, and system-level challenges and opportunities to improve processes and outcomes across the HCC screening continuum. We highlight promising approaches to HCC risk stratification and screening, including new biomarkers, advanced imaging incorporating artificial intelligence, and algorithms for risk stratification. Workshop participants emphasized that action to improve early detection and reduce HCC mortality is urgently needed, noting concern that many of the challenges we face today are the same or similar to those faced a decade ago and that HCC mortality rates have not meaningfully improved. Increasing the uptake of HCC screening was identified as a short-term priority while developing and validating better screening tests and risk-appropriate surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Robert S Brown Jr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hashem El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George N Ioannou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna S Lok
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute and Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
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21
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Pan J, Zhang M, Dong L, Ji S, Zhang J, Zhang S, Lin Y, Wang X, Ding Z, Qiu S, Gao D, Zhou J, Fan J, Gao Q. Genome-Scale CRISPR screen identifies LAPTM5 driving lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Autophagy 2023; 19:1184-1198. [PMID: 36037300 PMCID: PMC10012959 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2117893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS cld-CASP3: cleaved caspase 3; cld-PARP: cleaved PARP; DTP: drug tolerant persister; GO: Gene Ontology; GTEx: The Genotype-Tissue Expression; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration value; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LAPTM5: lysosomal protein transmembrane 5; NT: non-targeting; PDC: patient-derived primary cell lines; PDO: patient-derived primary organoid; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomeng Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangqing Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Ji
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youpei Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Gan T, Bambrick H, Tong S, Hu W. Air pollution and liver cancer: A systematic review. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:817-826. [PMID: 36503807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has previously been linked to several adverse health outcomes, but the potential association between air pollution and liver cancer remains unclear. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to 10 October 2021, and manually reviewed the references of relevant papers to further identify any related literature investigating possible associations between air pollution and liver cancer. Risk estimates values were represented by statistical associations based on quantitative analyses. A total of 13 cohort studies obtained from 11 articles were included, with 10,961,717 participants. PM2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant (included in 11 studies), followed by NO2 and NOx (included in 6 studies), and fewer studies focused on other pollutants (PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, PM2.5-10, O3, and BC). In all the 16 associations for liver cancer mortality, 14 associations reported the effect of PM2.5 on liver cancer mortality. Eight associations on PM2.5 were significant, showing a suggestive association between PM2.5 and liver cancer mortality. Among 24 associations shown by risk estimates for liver cancer incidence, most associations were not statistically significant. For other air pollutants, no positive associations were presented in these studies. PM2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant, followed by NO2 and NOx, and fewer studies focused on other pollutants. PM2.5 was associated with liver cancer mortality, but there was no association for other air pollutants. Future research should use advanced statistical methods to further assess the impact of multiple air pollutants on liver cancer in the changing socio-environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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23
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Kratzer TB, Jemal A, Miller KD, Nash S, Wiggins C, Redwood D, Smith R, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for American Indian and Alaska Native individuals, 2022: Including increasing disparities in early onset colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2023; 73:120-146. [PMID: 36346402 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high-quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non-Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals for context, using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20-49 years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two-fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high-quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Kratzer
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Nash
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Charles Wiggins
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Diana Redwood
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Robert Smith
- Early Cancer Detection Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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24
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Zhao Y, Yang D, Yan Y, Zhang X, Yang N, Guo Y, Yu C. Secular Trends of Liver Cancer Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Wuhan, China 2010-2019. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:938-948. [PMID: 36661720 PMCID: PMC9858443 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer has caused a heavy burden worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the trends in the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) due to liver cancer and decompose the total deaths into three contributors: population growth, population aging, and mortality change. METHODS Our study used data from the cause-of-death surveillance system in Wuhan. The mortality and YLL rates were standardized according to the sixth national population census in China. This study calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to estimate the trends in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized YLL rate (ASYR). Meanwhile, a decomposition analysis was used to explore the effect of population growth, population aging, and age-specific mortality change on the change in liver cancer deaths. RESULTS The ASMR of liver cancer declined at an annual rate of 4.6% from 30.87 per 100,000 people in 2010 to 20.29 per 100,000 people in 2019, while the ASYR was at an annual rate of 5.6% from 969.35 per 100,000 people in 2010 to 581.82 per 100,000 people in 2019. Similar downward trends were seen in men and women. The decomposition analysis found that total deaths number changed by -12.42% from 2010 to 2019, of which population growth and population aging caused the total death numbers to increase by 9.75% and 21.15%, while the age-specific mortality change caused the total death numbers to decrease by 43.32%. CONCLUSION Although the ASMR of liver cancer has declined in recent years in Wuhan, it still causes a heavy burden with the increasing population and rapid population aging and remains an essential public health issue. The government should take measures to reduce the burden of liver cancer, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaqiong Yan
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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25
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Wang X, Fu Y, Zhu C, Hu X, Zou H, Sun C. New insights into a microvascular invasion prediction model in hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study from the SEER database and China. Front Surg 2023; 9:1046713. [PMID: 36684226 PMCID: PMC9853393 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1046713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The prognosis of liver cancer is strongly influenced by microvascular infiltration (MVI). Accurate preoperative MVI prediction can aid clinicians in the selection of suitable treatment options. In this study, we constructed a novel, reliable, and adaptable nomogram for predicting MVI. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we extracted the clinical data of 1,063 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and divided it into either a training (n = 739) or an internal validation cohort (n = 326). Based on multivariate analysis, the training cohort data were analyzed and a nomogram was generated for MVI prediction. This was further verified using an internal validation cohort and an external validation cohort involving 293 Chinese patients. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy, accuracy, and clinical use of the nomogram, we used concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) techniques. Results In accordance with the multivariate analysis, tumor size, tumor number, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and histological grade were independently associated with MVI. The established model exhibited satisfactory performance in predicting MVI. The C-indices were 0.719, 0.704, and 0.718 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves showed an excellent consistency between the predictions and actual observations. Finally, DCA demonstrated that the newly developed nomogram had favorable clinical utility. Conclusions We established and verified a novel preoperative MVI prediction model in HCC patients. This model can be a beneficial tool for clinicians in selecting an optimal treatment plan for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Correspondence: Chuandong Sun Hao Zou
| | - Chuandong Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Correspondence: Chuandong Sun Hao Zou
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26
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Correlation between metastatic patterns and age in patients with metastatic primary liver cancer: A population-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0267809. [PMID: 36706100 PMCID: PMC9882911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Primary liver cancer is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with distant metastasis, underlying the high metastatic rate and mortality in patients. This study aimed to analyse the metastatic patterns and prognosis of primary liver cancer, and its relationship with age and several other factors, such as histological variants, TNM stage, and grade. METHODS We included data from 5274 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the American National Cancer Institute diagnosed with primary liver cancer with metastatic disease between 2010 and 2015. The correlation between the metastatic patterns of primary liver cancer and age was evaluated. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival were calculated by applying univariate Cox analysis, while the correlation between the metastatic patterns and age was analysed by applying multivariate Cox analysis. We also plotted Kaplan-Meier curves to illustrate the correlation between overall survival (OS) and various factors. RESULTS Several factors were associated with poorer prognosis, including age>60 years, histologic type of spindle cell variant, higher grade, no surgery, tumour size ≥ 1 cm, and lung metastasis. The rate of metastasis increased with age. Older patients (> 50 years) were prone to bone metastasis, while less likely to have lung metastasis compared with younger patients (< 50 years). Patients with lung metastasis had a higher risk of being diagnosed with metastasis in other locations. Furthermore, surgery significantly reduced mortality and primary site surgery in particular, mitigated the risk of bone and lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the correlation of prognosis and metastatic patterns with age and several other factors. The findings can hopefully provide knowledge that will allow a better diagnosis and management of elderly patients with primary liver cancer.
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Herren OM, Gillman AS, Marshall VJ, Das R. Understanding the Changing Landscape of Health Disparities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Liver Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:505-520. [PMID: 37347072 PMCID: PMC10281758 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease and liver cancer disparities in the U.S. are reflective of complex multiple determinants of health. This review describes the disproportionate burden of liver disease and liver cancer among racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minority, rural, low socioeconomic status (SES) populations, and place-based contexts. The contributions of traditional and lifestyle-related risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, evitable toxin exposure, nutrition quality) and comorbid conditions (e.g., viral hepatitis, obesity, type II diabetes) to disparities is also explored. Biopsychosocial mechanisms defining the physiological consequences of inequities underlying these health disparities, including inflammation, allostatic load, genetics, epigenetics, and social epigenomics are described. Guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) framework, integrative research of unexplored social and biological mechanisms of health disparities, appropriate methods and measures for early screening, diagnosis, assessment, and strategies for timely treatment and maintaining multidisciplinary care should be actively pursued. We review emerging research on adverse social determinants of liver health, such as structural racism, discrimination, stigma, SES, rising care-related costs, food insecurity, healthcare access, health literacy, and environmental exposures to pollutants. Limited research on protective factors of liver health is also described. Research from effective, multilevel, community-based interventions indicate a need for further intervention efforts that target both risk and protective factors to address health disparities. Policy-level impacts are also needed to reduce disparities. These insights are important, as the social contexts and inequities that influence determinants of liver disease/cancer have been worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and are forecasted to amplify disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Herren
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Arielle S. Gillman
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Vanessa J. Marshall
- Office of the Director National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Bethesda, MD
| | - Rina Das
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
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28
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Gao Y, Wu FG, Guo WB, Zheng H, Zhang L, Chen XL, Li M. Risk prediction model for early postoperative death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study based on random forest algorithm and logistic regression. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:1247-1254. [PMID: 36165060 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, little is known about the risk factors of early postoperative death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We collected the data of patients who were diagnosed with primary liver cancer between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and further allocated them to the training set and validation set. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of early postoperative death of HCC patients. Random forest and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were used to screen out vital variables for the construction of the nomogram. It was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 4154 patients were selected in this process, including 2647 patients with postoperative early death (outcome1) and 1507 patients with liver cancer-specific postoperative early death (outcome2). Surgery method, age category, marital status and tumor grade were the risk factors for early postoperative death. As for the liver cancer-specific early postoperative death, AJCC, surgery method, chemotherapy and tumor grade were independent prognostic factors. Early death and liver cancer-specific early death nomograms have an area under curves of 0.643 and 0.679 in the training set, respectively, and 0.617 and 0.688 in the validation set. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis shows that the nomograms have good performance. CONCLUSION This model provides an intuitive and practical tool for future studies based on large-scale cohorts by exploring the risk factors of early death in patients with HCCs undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Fu-Gui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Wen-Bo Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Chest Hospital
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Xiu-Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
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Kim G, Qin J, Hall CB, In H. Association Between Socioeconomic and Insurance Status and Delayed Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. J Surg Res 2022; 279:170-186. [PMID: 35779447 PMCID: PMC10132254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Association between socioeconomic status (SES) and stage at diagnosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is poorly described. Relationship between low SES and stage at diagnosis as well as the mediating role of insurance status (IS) was examined. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for esophageal, gastric, liver, biliary, pancreatic, colon, and rectal cancers diagnosed in 2012-2016. Relationship between census-tract SES index quintiles and late diagnosis (distant disease at diagnosis) was examined. Uni and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. Mediation analyses were conducted to determine the degree to which IS (private/Medicare versus Medicaid/uninsured) mediates the relationship between SES and late diagnosis of cancer. RESULTS Analysis included 236,713 adult patients from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas. In univariable analysis, lowest SES quintile was significantly associated with late diagnosis for all cancers except gastric and biliary cancers. In multivariable analysis controlling for age, gender, marital status and race, this association remained significant for liver (odds ratio (OR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.58]), pancreatic (OR 1.13 [95% CI 1.06-1.21]), and rectal (OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.20-1.42]) cancers. Further controlling for IS showed the largest effect size reduction for rectal cancer (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.09-1.29]), with IS mediating 36.5% (P < 0.0001) of SES effect. CONCLUSIONS Low SES is an independent risk factor for late diagnosis in liver, pancreas, and rectal cancers. Insurance is not a critical mediator of difference by SES for most GI cancers, with the exception of rectal cancer. Further research is needed to understand factors beyond IS that can account for SES differences in late diagnosis for GI cancers. Insurance related differences for rectal cancer deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jiyue Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Charles B Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Haejin In
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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30
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Yang Z, Song Y, Li Y, Mao Y, Du G, Tan B, Zhang H. Integrative analyses of prognosis, tumor immunity, and ceRNA network of the ferroptosis-associated gene FANCD2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:955225. [PMID: 36246623 PMCID: PMC9557971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence has revealed that ferroptosis plays a vital role in HCC development and progression. Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) has been reported to serve as a ferroptosis-associated gene and has a close relationship with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the impact of the FANCD2-related immune response and its mechanisms in HCC remains incompletely understood. In the current research, we evaluated the prognostic significance and immune-associated mechanism of FANCD2 based on multiple bioinformatics methods and databases. The results demonstrated that FANCD2 was commonly upregulated in 15/33 tumors, and only the high expression of FANCD2 in HCC was closely correlated with worse clinical outcomes by OS and DFS analyses. Moreover, ncRNAs, including two major types, miRNAs and lncRNAs, were closely involved in mediating FANCD2 upregulation in HCC and were established in a ceRNA network by performing various in silico analyses. The DUXAP8-miR-29c-FANCD2 and LINC00511-miR-29c-FANCD2 axes were identified as the most likely ncRNA-associated upstream regulatory axis of FANCD2 in HCC. Finally, FANCD2 expression was confirmed to be positively related to HCC immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and IPS analysis, and GSEA results also revealed that this ferroptosis-associated gene was primarily involved in cancer-associated pathways in HCC. In conclusion, our investigations indicate that ncRNA-related modulatory overexpression of FANCD2 might act as a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic target against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoshu Song
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mao
- Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Guobo Du
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Bangxian Tan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- *Correspondence: Bangxian Tan, ; Hongpan Zhang,
| | - Hongpan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- *Correspondence: Bangxian Tan, ; Hongpan Zhang,
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6445-6462. [PMID: 36135076 PMCID: PMC9498097 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver disease including cirrhosis and viral hepatitis remains among the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and despite increased screening, many patients are diagnosed in the advanced stages precluding them from locoregional therapy. Therapeutic agents for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were limited to Sorafenib for several years; however, with the emergence of molecular targeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, in addition to immunotherapies, the way hepatocellular carcinoma is treated has changed significantly. In this review, we summarize the key clinical trials that lead to the approval of these agents for systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss the preferred sequence of treatment options as well as prospective studies for management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Vidal AC, Moylan CA, Wilder J, Grant DJ, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Racial disparities in liver cancer: Evidence for a role of environmental contaminants and the epigenome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959852. [PMID: 36072796 PMCID: PMC9441658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer incidence has tripled since the early 1980s, making this disease one of the fastest rising types of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the US, incidence varies by geographic location and race, with the highest incidence in the southwestern and southeastern states and among racial minorities such as Hispanic and Black individuals. Prognosis is also poorer among these populations. The observed ethnic disparities do not fully reflect differences in the prevalence of risk factors, e.g., for cirrhosis that may progress to liver cancer or from genetic predisposition. Likely substantial contributors to risk are environmental factors, including chemical and non-chemical stressors; yet, the paucity of mechanistic insights impedes prevention efforts. Here, we review the current literature and evaluate challenges to reducing liver cancer disparities. We also discuss the hypothesis that epigenetic mediators may provide biomarkers for early detection to support interventions that reduce disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Moylan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Julius Wilder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Delores J. Grant
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Research, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Han F, Li R, Cheng Y, Jiang X, Wang L, Chen J, Ji J, Zhang Y, Chen T. Using Period Analysis to Timely Assess and Predict 5-Year Relative Survival for Liver Cancer Patients From Taizhou, Eastern China. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920094. [PMID: 35860562 PMCID: PMC9291402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While timely assessment of long-term survival for patients with liver cancer is essential for the evaluation of early detection and screening programs of liver cancer, those data are extremely scarce in China. We aimed to timely and accurately assess long-term survival for liver cancer patients in eastern China. Methods Patients diagnosed with liver cancer during 2004–2018 from four cancer registries with high-quality data from Taizhou, eastern China, were included. The period analysis was used to calculate the 5-year relative survival (RS) for overall and the stratification by sex, age at diagnosis, and region. The projected 5-year RS of liver cancer patients during 2019–2023 was also assessed using a model-based period analysis. Results The overall 5-year RS for patients with liver cancer during 2014–2018 reached 32.4%, being 29.3% for men and 36.1% for women. The 5-year RS declined along with aging, decreasing from 38.2% for age <45 years to 18.8% for age >74 years, while the 5-year RS for urban area was higher compared to rural area (36.8% vs. 29.3%). The projected overall 5-year RS of liver cancer patients could reach 41.4% during the upcoming period 2019–2023. Conclusions We provided, for first time in China using the period analysis, the most up-to-date 5-year RS for patients with liver cancer from Taizhou, eastern China, and also found that the 5-year RS for liver cancer patients have improved greatly during 2004–2018, which has important implications for the timely evaluation of early detection and screening programs for patients with liver cancer in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention/Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runhua Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention/Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiyi Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangyou Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Tianhui Chen, ; Yuhua Zhang, ; Jianguang Ji,
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhui Chen, ; Yuhua Zhang, ; Jianguang Ji,
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention/Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhui Chen, ; Yuhua Zhang, ; Jianguang Ji,
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Oluyomi AO, Mohammadi KA, El-Serag HB, Thrift AP. Mediating Effects of Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation on the Association Between Race/Ethnicity and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1402-1409. [PMID: 35314860 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic minorities are more likely than non-Hispanic whites (NHW) to be diagnosed with advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the role of neighborhood disadvantage as a mediator of the association between race/ethnicity and HCC stage at diagnosis. METHODS We used data from HCC cases diagnosed in Texas from 2007 to 2015. HCC cases were classified as local versus regional/advanced stage. A mediation model approach was used to estimate the average direct effect, average mediated (indirect) effect, total effect, and proportion mediated by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure of disadvantage. RESULTS 7,622 had local while 6303 had regional/advanced HCC. 46.1% of cases were NHW, 15.0% non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 38.9% Hispanic. NHBs were less likely than NHWs to be diagnosed with local stage HCC [total effect RR, 0.921; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.898-0.947]; however, only 2.26% of this effect was mediated through ADI. Conversely, Hispanics were more likely than NHWs to be diagnosed with local stage HCC (total effect RR, 1.019; 95% CI, 1.001-1.037) and ADI mediated 12.56% of the effect of race/ethnicity on HCC stage. ADI was not associated with HCC stage and therefore was not a mediator of the association with HCC stage when we compared Hispanics with NHBs. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage may explain/mediate some of the association between race/ethnicity and HCC stage; however, the mediating effect was not uniform across populations. IMPACT For NHBs, other individual and neighborhood level factors, not reflected in the ADI, contribute to their lower likelihood of being diagnosed with local HCC. See related commentary by Lazo et al., p. 1254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Oluyomi
- Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kusha A Mohammadi
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Galiatsatos P, Wilson C, O'Brien J, Gong AJ, Angiolillo D, Johnson J, Myers C, Strout S, Mathai S, Robinson G, Rowan NR, Weiss CR. A lack of race and ethnicity data in the treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review of intravenous bevacizumab efficacy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:220. [PMID: 35698080 PMCID: PMC9195340 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For extreme hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) disease, treatments such as intravenous bevacizumab are often utilized. However, whether its efficacy is similar across diverse races and ethnicities is unclear. METHODS In this systematic review, we performed a search for English-language articles identified through PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases whose research occurred in the United States (US). Search terms related to HHT, epistaxis, and intravenous bevacizumab. We searched specifically for the intervention of intravenous bevacizumab because the term serves as a suitable surrogate to convey a patient who has both a diagnosis of HHT and established care. We focused on number of patients recruited in intravenous bevacizumab trials who were identified by race or ethnicity. RESULTS Our search identified 79 studies, of which four were conducted in the US. These four were selected for our systematic review. In these studies, 58 total patients were evaluated (ranging from 5 to 34 participants), whereby, information on age and gender were included. However, none of the US-based studies shared race or ethnicity data. CONCLUSION Inability to find studies regarding intravenous bevacizumab use in patients with HHT in which race and ethnicity are reported limits our ability to understand the therapy's efficacy in specific populations. Without emphasis on race and ethnicity in such trials, showing the potential of HHT-related diversity in individuals with this disease may reaffirm implicit bias around HHT diagnosis and treatment. Future work on HHT should emphasize sociodemographic data collection and reporting in an effort to understand this disease in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The Center of Clinical Excellence for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Office of Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Medicine for the Greater Good, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 4th Floor, Asthma and Allergy Building, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Cheri Wilson
- Office of Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaime O'Brien
- Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna J Gong
- The Center of Clinical Excellence for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Angiolillo
- Medicine for the Greater Good, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 4th Floor, Asthma and Allergy Building, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - James Johnson
- Medicine for the Greater Good, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, 4th Floor, Asthma and Allergy Building, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Carlie Myers
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara Strout
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gina Robinson
- The Center of Clinical Excellence for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- The Center of Clinical Excellence for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- The Center of Clinical Excellence for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Luan X, Sun M, Zhao X, Wang J, Han Y, Gao Y. Bisimidazolium Salt Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060716. [PMID: 35745636 PMCID: PMC9229238 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death, and the disease progression has been related to glycophenotype modifications. Previously synthesized bisimidazolium salts (C20 and C22) have been shown to selectively inhibit the activity of glycosyltransferases in cultured cancer cell homogenates. The current study investigated the anticancer effects of C20/C22 and the possible pathways through which these effects are achieved. The therapeutic value of C20/C22 in terms of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as inducing apoptosis, were examined with hepatic cancer cell line HepG2 and a xenograft mouse model. C20/C22 treatment downregulated the synthesis of SLex and Ley sugar epitopes and suppressed selectin-mediated cancer cell metastasis. C20/C22 inhibited HepG2 proliferation, induced cell-cycle arrest, increased intracellular ROS level, led to ER stress, and eventually induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, C20/C22 upregulated the expressions of death receptors DR4 and DR5, substantially increasing the sensitivity of HepG2 to TRAIL-triggered apoptosis. In vivo, C20/C22 effectively inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in the xenograft mouse model without adverse effects on major organs. In summary, C20 and C22 are new promising anti-hepatic cancer agents with multiple mechanisms in controlling cancer cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis, and they merit further development into anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yin Gao
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-431-85168175
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Pitstick LD, Goral J, Schmelter RA, Fuja CM, Ciancio MJ, Pytynia M, Meyer A, Green JM. Fat and exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide causes histologic and inflammatory changes in murine livers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268891. [PMID: 35639668 PMCID: PMC9154184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for liver cancer include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, and male sex. Administration of 4-nitroquinonline-1-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water mimics the effects of tobacco and leads to oral carcinoma in mice. This study compared the effects of diets high and low in saturated fat (HF and LF, respectively), and sex, on liver histopathology in 4NQO-treated mice and controls. We hypothesized that 4NQO would cause histopathological changes in liver, and that a HF diet would increase hepatic pathology when compared to the LF diet. Mice (C57Bl/6, 36/sex), were divided into a low fat (10 kcal% fat; LF) or high fat (60 kcal% fat, HF) diet. Mice were further subdivided into one of 3 water treatment groups for 17 weeks: water (control), vehicle (1.25% propylene glycol in water [PG]), or 4NQO in (50 μg/ml; 4NQO). All mice were subsequently given water alone for 6 more weeks. Upon euthanasia, livers were harvested, fixed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). H&E slides were graded for histopathology; frozen liver samples were analyzed for triglyceride content. Trichrome stained sections were graded for fibrosis. CD3+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and Ly6+ neutrophils were detected by immunohistochemistry. Compared to water controls, 4NQO-treatment caused mouse liver histopathological changes such as fibrosis, and increases in hepatic neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages. HF diet exacerbated pathological changes compared to LF diet. Male controls, but not females, demonstrated severe steatosis and increased triglyceride content. 4NQO treatment decreased hepatic fat accumulation, even in animals on a HF diet. In conclusion, this murine model of oral cancer may serve as a model to study the effects of tobacco and diet on liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore D. Pitstick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Joanna Goral
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Schmelter
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Fuja
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Mae J. Ciancio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Pytynia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Alice Meyer
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Jacalyn M. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hyams TC, Luo L, Hair B, Lee K, Lu Z, Seminara D. Machine Learning Approach to Facilitate Knowledge Synthesis at the Intersection of Liver Cancer, Epidemiology, and Health Disparities Research. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022; 6:e2100129. [PMID: 35623021 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver cancer is a global challenge, and disparities exist across multiple domains and throughout the disease continuum. However, liver cancer's global epidemiology and etiology are shifting, and the literature is rapidly evolving, presenting a challenge to the synthesis of knowledge needed to identify areas of research needs and to develop research agendas focusing on disparities. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to semiautomate the literature review process and improve efficiency. In this study, we detail our approach and provide practical benchmarks for the development of a ML approach to classify literature and extract data at the intersection of three fields: liver cancer, health disparities, and epidemiology. METHODS We performed a six-phase process including: training (I), validating (II), confirming (III), and performing error analysis (IV) for a ML classifier. We then developed an extraction model (V) and applied it (VI) to the liver cancer literature identified through PubMed. We present precision, recall, F1, and accuracy metrics for the classifier and extraction models as appropriate for each phase of the process. We also provide the results for the application of our extraction model. RESULTS With limited training data, we achieved a high degree of accuracy for both our classifier and for the extraction model for liver cancer disparities research literature performed using epidemiologic methods. The disparities concept was the most challenging to accurately classify, and concepts that appeared infrequently in our data set were the most difficult to extract. CONCLUSION We provide a roadmap for using ML to classify and extract comprehensive information on multidisciplinary literature. Our technique can be adapted and modified for other cancers or diseases where disparities persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Hyams
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ling Luo
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brionna Hair
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kyubum Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Zhiyong Lu
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Process evaluation of an academic-community-government partnership to reduce liver diseases attributable to hepatitis B virus. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:707. [PMID: 35619128 PMCID: PMC9135310 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial/ethnic minorities have higher incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma, than non-Hispanic Whites. As such, the Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan Area Hepatitis B Virus (WB-HBV) Demonstration Project, a community-based participatory research (CBPR)-driven academic-community-government (ACG) partnership, was established in 2019 to address disparities and implement strategies to improve the HBV screening and vaccination infrastructure for at-risk communities. CBPR is a partnership of community members, organizational leaders, and academic researchers with a common aim to collectively share and contribute their input at every phase of the project. Herein, we describe the process evaluation of the WB-HBV Project and extract themes and insights to benefit future ACG partnerships and community-engaged research. The process evaluation has been conducted to determine whether CBPR-driven partnership and programmatic activities have been implemented as intended and have resulted in building expanded research capacity for future ACG partnership HBV community-level initiatives. METHODS A WB-HBV Project Task Force was convened and comprised of eight organizations: four community organizations, three government organizations, and one academic institution. Through a mixed-methods process evaluation, an online survey and key informant interviews were conducted to provide context for program implementation barriers and facilitators. Descriptive statistics were conducted, and interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded. RESULTS The survey was completed by 14 of 20 partnership members (70.0%): two academic, eight community, and four government members. Partnership members showed general agreement across 14 domains: organization and structure of meetings; trust; decisions; impact; general satisfaction; strategic planning; ACG policy impact; community-based participatory research and government; participation in meetings; assessment of participation; partnership operations and capacity; communication; challenges/limitations associated with ACG involvement; and benefits compared to challenges associated with ACG involvement. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 of the 20 members (75.0%): two academic, nine community, and four government members. Four themes emerged: partnership involvement, project goals and accomplishments, project challenges and barriers, and partnership involvement in government or policy. CONCLUSIONS The process evaluation presents insights into developing strategies to enhance partnership functioning and increase the ability of present and future ACG partnerships to improve community health outcomes.
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Li DY, VoPham T, Tang MTC, Li CI. Disparities in risk of advanced stage liver cancer and mortality by race and ethnicity. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1238-1245. [PMID: 35552746 PMCID: PMC9468287 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States liver cancer is the 5th and 7th most common cause of cancer related-death among men and women, respectively. Compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander populations experience the highest incidence rates of liver cancer, but little is known about disparities in risk of advanced stage disease or risk of liver cancer mortality across these heterogenous populations. All statistical tests were 2-sided. METHODS In a population-based cohort of 60,146 patients 20-79 years of age diagnosed with liver cancer from 2004-2018 identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program, we examined associations between race/ethnicity, including specific Asian and Pacific Islander subgroups, and risk of advanced stage liver cancer and liver cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS Compared to non-Hispanic White patients, non-Hispanic Black, Filipino, and Laotian patients had 30%-85% elevated odds of being diagnosed with stage IV liver cancer, while Hispanic, Vietnamese, and Chinese patients had 7-33% lower odds of being diagnosed with stage IV liver cancer (all p-values <0.05). Additionally, non-Hispanic Black, Kampuchean, and Laotian patients had 6-22% elevated hazards of liver cancer-specific mortality, and Hispanic, Vietnamese, Chinese, and Korean patients had 3-27% lower hazards of liver cancer-specific mortality (all p-values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Substantial variations in risk of advanced stage liver cancer and in risk of liver cancer mortality were observed by race and ethnicity including considerable heterogeneity across individuals broadly defined as Asians and Pacific Islanders. Further efforts to understand the contributors to these disparities are needed in order to inform potential targeted screening and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trang VoPham
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mei-Tzu C Tang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher I Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bui A, Yang L, Soroudi C, May FP. Racial and ethnic disparities in incidence and mortality for the five most common gastrointestinal cancers in the United States. J Natl Med Assoc 2022; 114:426-429. [PMID: 35525822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant burden of cancers in the United States. We sought to measure relative incidence of and mortality from the five most common gastrointestinal malignancies by race and ethnicity. METHODS We used data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry and the National Center for Health Statistics to calculate incidence and mortality rates for colorectal, pancreatic, liver, esophageal, and gastric cancer from 2013 to 2017 (incidence) and 2014 to 2018 (mortality). We then calculated incidence and mortality rate ratios, comparing each racial/ethnic group (non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic) to non-Hispanic White. RESULTS Colorectal cancer had highest overall incidence and mortality. When compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, all other racial/ethnic groups had significantly higher incidence of liver and gastric cancer but lower incidence of esophageal cancer. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had higher incidence of colorectal and pancreatic cancer than non-Hispanic White individuals, while Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Island individuals had lower incidence of these two cancers compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Disparity patterns were similar for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Liver and gastric cancer have the greatest differences in incidence and mortality by race/ethnicity. Non-Hispanic Black individuals carry the highest burden of gastrointestinal malignancies overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Bui
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Camille Soroudi
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. 100 Medical Plaza Driveway, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles. 650 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System. 11301 Wilshire Blvd, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kong Y, Chen H, Chen M, Li Y, Li J, Liu Q, Xiong H, Guo T, Xie Y, Yuan Y, Zhang XL. Abnormal ECA-Binding Membrane Glycans and Galactosylated CAT and P4HB in Lesion Tissues as Potential Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855952. [PMID: 35392238 PMCID: PMC8980540 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer. Despite decades of research efforts, the search for novel biomarkers is still urgently needed for the diagnosis of HCC and the improvement of clinical outcomes. Previous studies of HCC clinical biomarkers have usually focused on serum and urine samples (e.g., serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, cellular membrane proteins in lesion tissues are less used in HCC diagnosis. The abnormal expression of membrane glycoproteins in tumor lesions are considered as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and tumor therapies. Here, a lectin array has been employed to screen and identify abnormal glycopatterns and cellular membrane glycans in HCC lesion tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. We found that there was significantly less expression of Erythrina cristagalli (ECA) lectin binding (Galβ1-3/β1-4) glycans on the cellular membrane of HCC lesion tissues compared with those of adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis further showed that ECA-binding ability on the membrane proteins of HCC tissues progressively decreased in different tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages (stage I to stage III) as the malignancy of liver cancer increased. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed ECA-binding ability yielding a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 75%, and a combination of ECA and AFP has better clinical diagnostic efficiency, yielding a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 85%, than ECA or AFP assay alone. ECA pull-down followed by mass spectrometry further showed that there was significantly less expression of ECA binding membrane catalase (CAT) and prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide (P4HB) in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues. The abnormally increased expression of total CAT and P4HB and decreased expression of galactosylated membrane CAT and P4HB in HCC cell lines were correlated with an HCC metastasis status. Our findings suggest that abnormal declined ECA-binding galatosylated membrane glycans and two galactosylated-CAT and P4HB glycoproteins in lesion tissues are potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and/or metastasis prediction for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshuai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangxi Guo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Allergy Department of Zhongnan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Schneider IJC, Schmidt TP, Correa VP, dos Santos AMM, da Rocha BV, Garcia LP, Ceccon RF. Tobacco-related neoplasms: survival analysis and risk of death of population data from Florianópolis, SC. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:16. [PMID: 35416842 PMCID: PMC8973025 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the probability of survival and prognostic factors for tobacco-related neoplasms in a population-based cohort. METHODS This is a cohort with data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Florianópolis, southern Brazil, from 2008 to 2012. The Stata 16.0 software was used to estimate the probabilities of survival in five years after diagnosis, by the Kaplan Meier method, and the risk of death, by the Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 2,829 cancer records related to smoking were included, more prevalent among males, over 70 years of age, nine years or more of schooling, white, with a partner and metastatic diagnosis. The most frequent groupings were colon and rectum (28.7%), trachea, bronchi and lungs (18.6%) and stomach (11.8%). At follow-up, 1,450 died. Pancreatic cancer had the worst probability of survival (14.3%), followed by liver cancer (19.4%). CONCLUSION Risk factors for death and survival rates differ across the 13 types of tobacco-related cancers. Early diagnosis and primary prevention are strategies that must be improved to improve survival and decrease the burden related to these types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Ciências da SaúdeAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Ciências da Saúde. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da ReabilitaçãoAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaFlorianópolisSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Tauana Prestes Schmidt
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da ReabilitaçãoAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Correa
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da ReabilitaçãoAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaFlorianópolisSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Martins dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da ReabilitaçãoAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
| | - Bruna Vanti da Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da ReabilitaçãoAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaFlorianópolisSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Leandro Pereira Garcia
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de FlorianópolisFlorianópolisSCBrasilSecretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Roger Flores Ceccon
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Ciências da SaúdeAraranguáSCBrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Ciências da Saúde. Araranguá, SC, Brasil
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Chen Q, He L, Li Y, Zuo C, Li M, Wu X, Pu C, Xu X, Tang R, Xiong Y, Li J. Risk Factors on the Incidence and Prognostic Effects of Colorectal Cancer With Brain Metastasis: A SEER-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:758681. [PMID: 35372090 PMCID: PMC8971714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.758681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) with brain metastases (BM) is uncommon and often diagnosed at a late stage. The aims of this study were to identify the clinical factors that can influence the incidence of CRC patients with BM (CRCBM) and to investigate the impact of clinical factors and therapies on the outcomes of CRCBM. Methods Between 2010 and 2018, patients with CRCBM were enrolled under the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors and prognostic factors of BM. Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and tumor-specific survival (CSS) of CRCBM patients. Results A total of 195 (0.34%) CRC patients initially diagnosed with BM were included for analysis. The positive level of CEA, pN2a-b, and additional organ metastases were positively associated with developing BM from the CRC cohort (p < 0.05). The median OS and CSS of the BM patients were both 4.0 months, while the corresponding survival time in CRC patients without BM was 14.0 and 16.0 months, respectively (HR = 2.621, 95% CI = 2.061–3.333 for CSS; HR = 2.556, 95% CI = 2.026–3.225 for OS; log rank p < 0.001, each). Only systematic treatment was independently associated with better survival (p < 0.05, each). Conclusions Although the overall prognosis of CRCBM patients was extremely poor, the positive level of CEA, pN2a-b, and distant metastases could be bad risk factors for the incidence of CRCBM. In addition, only systematic treatment was found to be a negative prognostic factor for CRCBM patients. These related factors can provide more valuable reference for clinical individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiu Pu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrui Tang, ; Yanli Xiong, ; Juan Li,
| | - Yanli Xiong
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrui Tang, ; Yanli Xiong, ; Juan Li,
| | - Juan Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrui Tang, ; Yanli Xiong, ; Juan Li,
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Su B, Bei Z, Pei H, Xie X, Sun Z, Chen Q, Cao H, Liu X. Generation of a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase heptamer fusion for ratiometric fluorescence immunodetection of trace alpha fetoprotein in serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:507-515. [PMID: 35063488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whereas, it is always a challenge to detect trace AFP in serum. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RFEIA) was developed using nanobody-alkaline phosphatase (Nb-AP) heptamer and MnFe layered double hydroxides nanoflakes (MnFe LDH) for ultrasensitive detection of AFP. The Nb-AP heptamer (Nb-C4bpα-AP) was constructed by fusion expression of Nb, AP, and α-chain of C4 binding protein (C4bpα), where the C4bpα contributed to multimerization through self-assembly. The dual functional Nb-C4bpα-AP can recognize AFP, dephosphorylate ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) into ascorbic acid (AA), and thus tune the MnFe LDH-mediated ratiometric fluorescence, which was generated from the oxidization of MnFe LDH on o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and the catalyzation of MnFe LDH on the cyclization reaction between AA and OPD. By integration of Nb-C4bpα-AP, MnFe LDH, AAP, and OPD, the RFEIA showed a limit of detection of 0.013 ng/mL with good selectivity, accuracy and precision. Furthermore, results of clinical serum samples tested by the RFEIA were well confirmed by the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Thus, this work demonstrated that the Nb-C4bpα-AP is a robust immunoreagent and the developed RFEIA could be a very promising tool for diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchao Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zheng Bei
- Cadre Sanatorium of Hainan, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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47
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Godfrey TM, Villavicencio EA, Barra K, Sanderson PR, Shea K, Sun X, Garcia DO. Advancing Liver Cancer Prevention for American Indian Populations in Arizona: An Integrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063268. [PMID: 35328956 PMCID: PMC8948724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a highly fatal condition disproportionately impacting American Indian populations. A thorough understanding of the existing literature is needed to inform region-specific liver cancer prevention efforts for American Indian people. This integrative review explores extant literature relevant to liver cancer in American Indian populations in Arizona and identifies factors of structural inequality affecting these groups. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines informed the methodology, and a literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo for articles including Arizona American Indian adults and liver disease outcomes. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria in the final review. Five of the studies used an observational study design with secondary analysis. One article used a quasiexperimental approach, and another employed a community-engagement method resulting in policy change. The results revealed a lack of empirical evidence on liver cancer prevention, treatment, and health interventions for American Indian populations in Arizona. Research is needed to evaluate the high rates of liver disease and cancer to inform culturally relevant interventions for liver cancer prevention. Community-engaged research that addresses structural inequality is a promising approach to improve inequities in liver cancer for American Indian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timian M. Godfrey
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Edgar A. Villavicencio
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (E.A.V.); (X.S.)
| | - Kimberly Barra
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA;
| | - Priscilla R. Sanderson
- College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Kimberly Shea
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (T.M.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (E.A.V.); (X.S.)
| | - David O. Garcia
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (E.A.V.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Guo Y, Shang A, Wang S, Wang M. Multidimensional Analysis of CHMP Family Members in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2877-2894. [PMID: 35300135 PMCID: PMC8923641 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EGFR frequently accumulates and mutates simultaneously in various cancers. Ubiquitinated EGFR proteins can be degraded by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Among them, ESCRTIII is mainly composed of CHMP family members. Methods A total of 424 samples from the TCGA-LIHC data set were used to explore the relationship between CHMPs and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Oncomine, the Human Protein Altas, cBioPortal, TISIDB, TIMER, Metascape, and R software were used to facilitate analysis of the role played by CHMPs in the pathogenesis of LIHC. The role of CHMPs in the development of LIHC was analyzed in terms of differential expression, survival, mutation, immunoinfiltration, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity. Results Differential expression analysis showed that CHMPs were significantly more expressed in LIHC tumor tissue, and the high expression of some CHMPs was closely correlated with clinicopathological stage. The prognosis was worse in the group with high expression of CHMPs. Among them, CHMP4C was considered to play a major role. Gene-mutation analysis and DNA promoter–methylation analysis further revealed possible mechanisms for the aberrant amplification of CHMPs. Immunoinfiltration analysis indicated that CHMPs were closely associated with multiple immune cells and exhibited resistance to various drugs when highly expressed. Conclusion CHMPs were found to be significantly elevated in LIHC and strongly associated with immune-cell infiltration, poor prognosis, multiple star pathways, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - An Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuang Wang, Department of Dermatology, Jilin University Second Hospital, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-181-3543-5372, Email
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Shiels MS, O’Brien TR. Declining US Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rates, 2014-2017. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e330-e334. [PMID: 33549870 PMCID: PMC8333245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a prominent cause of cancer death in the United States.1 Rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common histologic subtype,2 increased for decades,3 until recent years when rates flattened,4 and then potentially declined. Previously, we reported that US HCC rates in 2016 were 4% lower than 20155; however, it was unclear from those data whether that finding reflected a true downward trend. Here, we examine HCC rates through 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Shiels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Thomas R. O’Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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50
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Zhu X, Wu Q, He Y, Gao M, Li Y, Peng W, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang R, Bao J. Fabrication of Size-Controllable and Arrangement-Orderly HepG2 Spheroids for Drug Screening via Decellularized Liver Matrix-Derived Micropattern Array Chips. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2364-2376. [PMID: 35071924 PMCID: PMC8772313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Three-dimensional
(3D) culture via micropattern arrays to generate
cellular spheroids seems a promising in vitro biomimetic
system for liver tissue engineering applications, such as drug screening.
Recently, organ-derived decellularized extracellular matrix emerges
as arguably the most biomimetic bioink. Herein, decellularized liver
matrix (DLM)-derived micropattern array chips were developed to fabricate
size-controllable and arrangement-orderly HepG2 spheroids for drug
screening. The porcine DLM was obtained by the removal of cellular
components and then ground into powder, followed by enzymolysis. DLM
as a coating substrate was compared with collagen type I (Col I) and
Matrigel in terms of biological performance for enhancing cell adhesion,
proliferation, and functions. Subsequently, we used poly(dimethylsiloxane)
(PDMS) to adsorb DLM as the bioink to fabricate micropattern array
chips. The optimal shape and size of micropattern were determined
by evaluating the morphology, viability, and functions of HepG2 3D
cellular aggregates. In addition, drug-susceptibility testing (paclitaxel,
doxorubicin HCl, and disulfiram) was performed on this novel platform.
The DLM provided the tissue-specific microenvironment that provided
suitable supports for HepG2 cells, compared to Col I and Matrigel.
A circular micropattern with a diameter of 100 μm was the optimal
processing parameter to rapidly fabricate large-scale, size-controllable,
and arrangement-orderly HepG2 cellular aggregates with 3D spheroid’s
shape and high cell viability. Drug screening testing showed that
the effect of a drug could be directly demonstrated on-chip by confocal
microscopy measuring the viability of spheroids. We provide a novel
platform for the large-scale generation of HepG2 spheroids with uniform
size and arrangement, thus bringing convenience, reducing error, and
increasing reproducibility for a rapid drug discovery by fluorescence
quantitative analysis. This methodology may be possible to apply in
advancing personalized medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuting He
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanliu Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rundong Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji Bao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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