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Faraz M, Parmigiani A, Monkash N, Chen A. T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (T-ALL) With Negative Screening Immaturity Markers and Gamma-Delta Receptor Expression. Cureus 2024; 16:e57399. [PMID: 38694666 PMCID: PMC11062493 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) is characterized by the combination of T-cell lineage and the presence of immaturity marker(s). Sometimes, the most common immaturity markers for initial flow cytometry screening in T-ALL may be negative, which can be a diagnostic pitfall. When a lack of common first-line immaturity markers is encountered in combination with gamma/delta T-cell receptor expression, a misdiagnosis of mature gamma-delta T-cell leukemia/lymphoma could be rendered. Here, we discuss two T-ALL cases with the absence of common flow cytometry immaturity markers and positive gamma/delta receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faraz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, USA
| | - Anita Parmigiani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, USA
| | - Nina Monkash
- Department of Radiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, USA
| | - Anne Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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2
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Alabed HBR, Pellegrino RM, Buratta S, Lema Fernandez AG, La Starza R, Urbanelli L, Mecucci C, Emiliani C, Gorello P. Metabolic Profiling as an Approach to Differentiate T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines Belonging to the Same Genetic Subgroup. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3921. [PMID: 38612731 PMCID: PMC11011837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive tumor mainly affecting children and adolescents. It is driven by multiple genetic mutations that together define the leukemic phenotype. Interestingly, based on genetic alterations and/or deregulated expression, at least six genetic subgroups have been recognized. The TAL/LMO subgroup is one of the most represented genetic subgroups, characterizing 30-45% of pediatric T-ALL cases. The study of lipid and metabolic profiles is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for comprehending the development and progression of tumors. In this study, metabolic and lipidomic analysis via LC/MS have been carried out on four T-ALL cell lines belonging to the TAL/LMO subgroup (Jurkat, Molt-4, Molt-16, and CCRF-CEM) to identify new potential metabolic biomarkers and to provide a subclassification of T-ALL cell lines belonging to the same subgroup. A total of 343 metabolites were annotated, including 126 polar metabolites and 217 lipid molecules. The statistical analysis, for both metabolic and lipid profiles, shows significant differences and similarities among the four cell lines. The Molt-4 cell line is the most distant cell line and CCRF-CEM shows a high activity in specific pathways when compared to the other cell lines, while Molt-16 and Jurkat show a similar metabolic profile. Additionally, this study highlighted the pathways that differ in each cell line and the possible enzymes involved using bioinformatic tools, capable of predicting the pathways involved by studying the differences in the metabolic profiles. This experiment offers an approach to differentiate T-ALL cell lines and could open the way to verify and confirm the obtained results directly in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam B. R. Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta La Starza
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gorello
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Bhasin SS, Thomas BE, Summers RJ, Sarkar D, Mumme H, Pilcher W, Emam M, Raikar SS, Park SI, Castellino SM, Graham DK, Bhasin MK, DeRyckere D. Pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia blast signature and MRD associated immune environment changes defined by single cell transcriptomics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12556. [PMID: 37532715 PMCID: PMC10397284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different driver mutations and/or chromosomal aberrations and dysregulated signaling interactions between leukemia cells and the immune microenvironment have been implicated in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To better understand changes in the bone marrow microenvironment and signaling pathways in pediatric T-ALL, bone marrows collected at diagnosis (Dx) and end of induction therapy (EOI) from 11 patients at a single center were profiled by single cell transcriptomics (10 Dx, 5 paired EOI, 1 relapse). T-ALL blasts were identified by comparison with healthy bone marrow cells. T-ALL blast-associated gene signature included SOX4, STMN1, JUN, HES4, CDK6, ARMH1 among the most significantly overexpressed genes, some of which are associated with poor prognosis in children with T-ALL. Transcriptome profiles of the blast cells exhibited significant inter-patient heterogeneity. Post induction therapy expression profiles of the immune cells revealed significant changes. Residual blast cells in MRD+ EOI samples exhibited significant upregulation (P < 0.01) of PD-1 and RhoGDI signaling pathways. Differences in cellular communication were noted in the presence of residual disease in T cell and hematopoietic stem cell compartments in the bone marrow. Together, these studies generate new insights and expand our understanding of the bone marrow landscape in pediatric T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Beena E Thomas
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan J Summers
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debasree Sarkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope Mumme
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil S Raikar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunita I Park
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon M Castellino
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ren A, Zhao Y, Zhu H. T-ALL Cells as Tool Cells for CAR T Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040854. [PMID: 37112766 PMCID: PMC10142624 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematologic malignancy derived from T cells. Numerous CAR T therapies have been successfully applied to treat hematologic malignancies in the clinic. Nevertheless, there remain several challenges to the extensive application of CAR T cell therapy in T cell malignancies, especially in T-ALL. The main reason for CAR T therapy limitations is that T-ALL cells and normal T cells share antigens, which improves the difficulty of sorting pure T cells, resulting in product contamination, and would lead to CAR T cell fratricide. Thus, we considered creating a CAR on T-ALL tumor cells (CAR T-ALL) to prevent fratricide and eliminate tumor cells. We found that T-ALL cells transduced with CAR would actually commit fratricide. However, CAR T-ALL could kill only tumor cells on T-ALL cell lines, and other types of tumor cells had no killing function after being transferred with CAR. Furthermore, we created CD99 CAR with expression controlled by the Tet-On system on Jurkat cells, which could avoid the fratricide of CAR T-ALL during proliferation, ensuring the controllability of the killing time and effect. Jurkat transduced with a CAR-targeting antigen, which was expressed on other cancer cells, could kill other cancer cell lines, demonstrating that T-ALL cells could be used as tool cells for cancer therapy. Our study supplied a new feasible treatment regimen for cancer treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ren
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Haichuan Zhu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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In Vitro Study of Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Alkylphospholipids and Alkyltriazoles in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Models. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238633. [PMID: 36500726 PMCID: PMC9737184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of miltefosine, alkylphospholipid, and alkyltriazolederivative compounds against leukemia lineages. The cytotoxic effects and cellular and molecular mechanisms of the compounds were investigated. The inhibitory potential and mechanism of inhibition of cathepsins B and L, molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics and binding free energy evaluation were performed to determine the interaction of cathepsins and compounds. Among the 21 compounds tested, C9 and C21 mainly showed cytotoxic effects in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells, two human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lineages. Activation of induced cell death by C9 and C21 with apoptotic and necrosis-like characteristics was observed, including an increase in annexin-V+propidium iodide-, annexin-V+propidium iodide+, cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, cytochrome c release, and nuclear alterations. Bax inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, pepstatin, and necrostatin partially reduced cell death, suggesting that involvement of the caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms is related to cell type. Compounds C9 and C21 inhibited cathepsin L by a noncompetitive mechanism, and cathepsin B by a competitive and noncompetitive mechanism, respectively. Complexes cathepsin-C9 and cathepsin-C21 exhibited significant hydrophobic interactions, water bridges, and hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, alkyltriazoles present cytotoxic activity against acute lymphoblastic lineages and represent a promising scaffold for the development of molecules for this application.
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Vasileva AN, Aleshina OA, Biderman BV, Sudarikov AB. Molecular genetic abnormalities in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a literature review. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-4-166-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease. Modern polychemotherapy protocols allow achieving a 5-year overall survival of 60–90 % in different age groups, however, relapses and refractory forms of T-ALL remain incurable. Over the past decades, the pathogenesis of this variant of leukemia has been studied in many trials, and it has been found that various signaling pathways are involved in the multi-step process of leukemogenesis. This opens the way for targeted therapy.In this review, we provide an update on the pathogenesis of T-ALL, opportunities for introducing targeted therapies, and issues that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Vasileva
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. A. Aleshina
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - B. V. Biderman
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. B. Sudarikov
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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Hiregange DG, Rivalta A, Yonath A, Zimmerman E, Bashan A, Yonath H. Mutations in RPS19 may affect ribosome function and biogenesis in Diamond Blackfan Anemia. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1419-1434. [PMID: 35583751 PMCID: PMC9249338 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes, the cellular organelles translating the genetic code to proteins, are assemblies of RNA chains and many proteins (RPs) arranged in precise fine-tuned interwoven structures. Mutated ribosomal genes cause ribosomopathies, including Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA, a rare heterogeneous red-cell aplasia connected to ribosome malfunction) or failed biogenesis. Combined bioinformatical, structural, and predictive analyses of potential consequences of possibly expressed mutations in eS19, the protein product of the highly mutated RPS19, suggests that mutations in its exposed surface could alter its positioning during assembly and consequently prevent biogenesis, implying a natural selective strategy to avoid malfunctions in ribosome assembly. A search for RPS19 pseudogenes indicated >90% sequence identity with the wild type, hinting at its expression in cases of absent or truncated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Rivalta
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ada Yonath
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ella Zimmerman
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Anat Bashan
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Hagith Yonath
- Internal Medicine A and Genetics Institute Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Transcriptome-wide subtyping of pediatric and adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an international study of 707 cases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120787119. [PMID: 35385357 PMCID: PMC9169777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120787119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide transcriptomic insights into differences between pediatric and adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients through an international collaborative effort integrating RNA-sequencing data of 707 patients. Ten subtypes were identified, each characterized by distinct gene mutation profiles and dysregulated expression signatures of leukemogenic factors, and associated with T cell development stages. Adult T-ALL tends to have characteristics of early T cell precursor ALL, mostly corresponding to the mixed phenotype acute leukemia, whereas pediatric T-ALL shows a wide spectrum of aberrant molecular features, from early T cell precursor to mature T cell compartments. Our findings have important implications for disease mechanism of T-ALL that differs between pediatric and adult patients, facilitating further refined targeted therapy. T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy of T cell progenitors, known to be a heterogeneous disease in pediatric and adult patients. Here we attempted to better understand the disease at the molecular level based on the transcriptomic landscape of 707 T-ALL patients (510 pediatric, 190 adult patients, and 7 with unknown age; 599 from published cohorts and 108 newly investigated). Leveraging the information of gene expression enabled us to identify 10 subtypes (G1–G10), including the previously undescribed one characterized by GATA3 mutations, with GATA3R276Q capable of affecting lymphocyte development in zebrafish. Through associating with T cell differentiation stages, we found that high expression of LYL1/LMO2/SPI1/HOXA (G1–G6) might represent the early T cell progenitor, pro/precortical/cortical stage with a relatively high age of disease onset, and lymphoblasts with TLX3/TLX1 high expression (G7–G8) could be blocked at the cortical/postcortical stage, while those with high expression of NKX2-1/TAL1/LMO1 (G9–G10) might correspond to cortical/postcortical/mature stages of T cell development. Notably, adult patients harbored more cooperative mutations among epigenetic regulators, and genes involved in JAK-STAT and RAS signaling pathways, with 44% of patients aged 40 y or above in G1 bearing DNMT3A/IDH2 mutations usually seen in acute myeloid leukemia, suggesting the nature of mixed phenotype acute leukemia.
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Singh K, Canakci M, Kanjilal P, Williams N, Shanthalingam S, Osborne BA, Thayumanavan S. Evaluation of Cellular Targeting by Fab' vs Full-Length Antibodies in Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates (ANCs) Using CD4 T-cells. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:486-495. [PMID: 35139308 PMCID: PMC9254259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs can improve their therapeutic efficiency by localizing their toxic effects at the diseased site. This is often achieved either by direct conjugation of drugs to antibodies targeting overexpressed receptors on cancer cells (antibody-drug conjugates/ADCs) or by conjugating antibodies to nanoparticles bearing drugs (antibody-nanoparticle conjugates/ANCs). Here, we report a platform for utilizing hinge cysteines on antigen-binding fragment (Fab') of an anti-CD4 antibody for site-specific conjugation to nanoparticles giving rise to anti-CD4 Fab'-nanoparticle conjugates (Fab'-NCs). We demonstrate a convenient route for obtaining functional anti-CD4 Fab' from full-length antibody and examine the targeted delivery efficiencies of anti-CD4 Fab'-NCs vs ANCs for selective delivery to CD4high mT-ALL cells. Our results indicate that higher avidity of full-length anti-CD4 antibody, i.e., protein alone translated to higher binding ability to CD4high mT-ALL cells in comparison with anti-CD4 Fab' alone. However, the targeted delivery efficiency of anti-CD4 Fab'-NCs was comparable to ANCs indicating that the avidity of Fab' is restored in a nanoparticle-conjugate format. Fab'-NCs are equally capable of achieving targeted drug delivery to CD4high T-cells as ANCs and are a versatile alternative to ANCs by offering site-selective modification strategy while retaining their advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mine Canakci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Natalie Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Population-based Targeted RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Disease-related Gene Fusions in pediatric and adult T-ALL. Leuk Res 2022; 116:106825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saleem M, Schini-Kerth VB, Hussain K, Khalid SH, Asif M, Alhosin M, Akhtar MF, Ahmad B, Raza A, Mahrukh. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for In Vitro Cytotoxic Attributes of Conyza bonariensis Extract against Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Jurkat Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1793-1801. [PMID: 34488604 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210906092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conyza bonariensis is known to have anti-cancer properties. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the in vitro pro-apoptotic properties of Conyza bonariensis (C. bonariensis) towards human lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells. METHODS C. bonariensis are extracted with non-polar solvent by maceration. MTS cell viability assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic activity of the extract towards human leukemia Jurket cells and normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) cells. The phytochemical composition of the extract was chemically characterized using HPLC. Flow cytometric studies (FACS) were conducted to explore the pro-apoptotic potential of the extract. Western blot studies were employed to identify the molecular targets involved in the induction of apoptosis. RESULTS The n-hexane extract showed selective cytotoxic activity towards Jurkat cells. FACS analysis indicated that the extract induced early and late apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Western blot studies revealed that the extract down-regulated the expression of DNMT1, SIRT1, and UHRF1 with a simultaneous up-regulation of the expression of p73 and caspases-3 proteins. HPLC characterization of the extract revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. CONCLUSION Overall these findings demonstrate that the anticancer effects of a Conyza bonariensis extract towards human lymphoblastic leukemiais due to the modulation of the activity of multiple oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins and that its phenolic content is involved are proposed to be responsible for these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Valerie B Schini-Kerth
- UMR 1260 INSERM Nanomédecine Régénérative, Faculté de Pharmacie,Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch. France
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab. Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore 54000. Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore 54000. Pakistan
| | - Atif Raza
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
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Aref S, Fawzy E, Darwish A, Aref M, Agdar MA. Cortactin Expression is a Novel Biomarker for Risk Stratification of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e798-e803. [PMID: 33235155 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of cortactin in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) tissue infiltration has been previously reported. However, its impact on patients' responsiveness to therapy and patient's outcome was not previously addressed. This study was conducted on 60 T-ALL pediatric patients at diagnosis and 10 nonleukemic controls. Cortactin and HS1 expressions were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cortactin and HS1 expression were significantly higher in T-All patients as compared with controls as well as postinduction levels (P≤0.001 for both). The high cortactin expression was significantly associated with high peripheral white cell counts (P≤0.001), blood blast cells (P≤0.001) and central nervous system (CNS) infiltration (P≤0.001), and early precursor T-ALL subtype (P≤0.001) as compared with the remaining groups. The induction of remission response was significantly higher in T-ALL patients with lower cortactin expression levels as compared with T-ALL patients with higher one (P≤0.001). The high cortactin and HS1 expressions were significantly predictors of CNS infiltrations (hazard ratios [HR]: 1.051, confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.13, P=0.04 and HR: 1.87, CI: 1.23-2.091, P=0.002, respectively) and bone marrow relapse (HR: 1.43, CI: 1.18-1.92, P=0.004 and HR: 1.07, CI: 1.01-1.24, P=0.002, respectively). Furthermore, high cortactin expression levels were associated with shorter B-ALL patients' overall survival as compared with those with lower cortactin levels (P=0.002). In conclusion, high expression of cortactin and/or HS1 at diagnosis is a bad prognostic marker of T-ALL patients' outcome. Moreover, cortactin and/or HS1 expression could be used as a biomarker for refining risk stratification of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre
| | - Enas Fawzy
- Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre
| | - Ahmad Darwish
- Paediatric Department, Paediatric Haematology Oncology Unit
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Zhang L, Wu J, Feng Y, Khadka B, Fang Z, Gu J, Tang B, Xiao R, Pan G, Liu JJ. A Regulatory Loop Involving Notch and Wnt Signaling Maintains Leukemia Stem Cells in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678544. [PMID: 34179007 PMCID: PMC8226090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells play critical role in relapse, resistance to therapies and metastases but the mechanism remains largely elusive. We report that β-catenin is over-expressed in almost all T-ALL patients and flow sorted β-cateninhigh fractions are highly resistant to therapy, leading to liver metastases in nude mice as well as dysregulated lncRNAs. Pharmacological inhibition through XAV-939 as well as si-RNA mediated inhibition of β-catenin is initially effective in re-sensitization to therapy, however, prolonged inhibition shifts dependency from β-catenin to Notch signaling, with particularly high levels of receptors Notch 1 and Notch 2. The results are verifiable in a cohort of T-ALL patients comprising of responders vs. those who have progressed, with β-catenin, Notch 1 and Notch 2 elevated in progressed patients. Further, in patients-derived cells, silencing of Notch 1 or Notch 2 does not counter resistance to β-catenin inhibition, rather pharmacological pan-Notch inhibition is needed to overcome resistance and its effect on in vitro tumor sphere formations as well as in vivo liver metastases. Thus, wnt and Notch signaling are part of a regulatory loop mutually compensating for each other in T-ALL, while ensuring the maintenance of stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashu Feng
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijay Khadka
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqiang Tang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Mroczek A, Zawitkowska J, Kowalczyk J, Lejman M. Comprehensive Overview of Gene Rearrangements in Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E808. [PMID: 33467425 PMCID: PMC7829804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a relevant form of childhood neoplasm, as it accounts for over 80% of all leukaemia cases. T-cell ALL constitutes a genetically heterogeneous cancer derived from T-lymphoid progenitors. The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features, thus the results are used for patient stratification. Due to the expression of surface and intracellular antigens, several subtypes of T-ALL can be distinguished. Although the aetiology of T-ALL remains unclear, a wide spectrum of rearrangements and mutations affecting crucial signalling pathways has been described so far. Due to intensive chemotherapy regimens and supportive care, overall cure rates of more than 80% in paediatric T-ALL patients have been accomplished. However, improved knowledge of the mechanisms of relapse, drug resistance, and determination of risk factors are crucial for patients in the high-risk group. Even though some residual disease studies have allowed the optimization of therapy, the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers is required to individualize therapy. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about genetic abnormalities in paediatric patients with T-ALL. As molecular biology techniques provide insights into the biology of cancer, our study focuses on new potential therapeutic targets and predictive factors which may improve the outcome of young patients with T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mroczek
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerzy Kowalczyk
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Li X, Song F, Sun H. Long non-coding RNA AWPPH interacts with ROCK2 and regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:239. [PMID: 32973953 PMCID: PMC7509509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding (lnc)RNA associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (AWPPH) serves as an oncogene in several cancers, such as liver and bladder cancers, however, to the best of our knowledge, its function in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is unknown. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of lncRNA AWPPH and Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) were upregulated in the bone marrow of patients with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared with healthy controls. Expression levels of lncRNA AWPPH and ROCK2 were positively correlated with each other. lncRNA AWPPH and ROCK2 overexpression promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of Loucy cells, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Overexpression of lncRNA AWPPH resulted in upregulation of ROCK2 expression in Loucy cells. Similarly, ROCK2 overexpression also resulted in upregulation of lncRNA AWPPH in Loucy cells, suggesting an element of reciprocity in the function of lncRNA AWPPH and ROCK2. It was concluded that lncRNA AWPPH promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of cancer cells in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia possibly through interactions with ROCK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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16
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Mosalem O, Abu Rous F, Elshafie A, Isaac D. Bilateral breast masses as a presentation for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/8/e236263. [PMID: 32847887 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a 27-year-old woman, 5 months post partum, who presented to the emergency department with bilateral breast masses. She was initially treated as lactational mastitis with no improvement. Breast ultrasound showed bilateral breast and axillary lymphadenopathy suggestive of metastatic/neoplastic process, and chest X-ray showed a large anterior mediastinal mass. Further work-up led to the diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient was started on a paediatric regimen using the children's oncology group AALL0434 protocol. The patient achieved a complete remission following induction chemotherapy with resolution of her presenting symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mosalem
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA .,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fawzi Abu Rous
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshafie
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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17
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Canakci M, Singh K, Munkhbat O, Shanthalingam S, Mitra A, Gordon M, Osborne BA, Thayumanavan S. Targeting CD4 + Cells with Anti-CD4 Conjugated Mertansine-Loaded Nanogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2473-2481. [PMID: 32383874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in controlling many malignancies. The modulation of CD4+ T cells through immunomodulatory or cytotoxic drugs could change the course of disease progression for disorders such as autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that anti-CD4 conjugated polymeric nanogels can deliver a small molecule cargo to primary CD4+ T cells and a CD4high T cell lymphoma. The antibody conjugation not only increased the uptake efficiency of the nanogel (NG) by CD4+ T cells but also decreased the non-specific uptake of the NG by CD4- lymphocytes. For T lymphoma cell lines, the mertansine-loaded conjugate displayed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition at 17 ng/mL antibody concentration. On the other hand, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-type formulation of the anti-CD4 reached similar levels of cell growth inhibition only at the significantly higher concentration of 1.8 μg/mL. NG and antibody conjugates have the advantage of carrying a large payload to a defined target in a more efficient manner as it needs far less antibody to achieve a similar outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Canakci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Oyuntuya Munkhbat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Mallory Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 10003, United States.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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18
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Bhatia P, Totadri S, Singh M, Sharma P, Trehan A, Bansal D, Jain R, Varma N, Sachdeva MS, Patra N. PEST domain NOTCH mutations confer a poor relapse free survival in pediatric T-ALL: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 82:102419. [PMID: 32179411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive genotype-phenotype analysis of pediatric T-ALL data was performed. 33 confirmed pediatric (≤12 y) T-ALL samples were evaluated for oncogenic transcripts: TLX-1, TLX-3, common fusion of STIL-TAL1, NOTCH1 mutations and copy number variations (CNVs). Mean WBC was 235.69 × 103/μL. TLX1 and TLX-3 overexpression detected in 1 (3%) and 7 (21%) patients and STIL-TAL1 in 8 (27%). NOTCH1 mutations were noted in 17 (52%), of which 12 (71%) in HD domain and 6 (35%) in PEST domain (including one case with mutations in all three domains). Commonest CNVs were CDKN2A (85%) and CDKN2B (75%). Relapse occurred in 8 (24%) patients. The median follow-up was 15 months (range: 0.5-36). Bulky liver (p = 0.025), day 35 marrow (p = 0.004) and NOTCH mutation (p = 0.046) were predictive of time to an event. RFS was significantly poor for cases with PEST Vs. HD domain mutations (50% Vs. 85%) (p = 0.0009). Though cases with PEST domain NOTCH mutations had poor RFS, the OS was not influenced by NOTCH mutation positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bhatia
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sidharth Totadri
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Minu Singh
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Jain
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manupdesh S Sachdeva
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nilamani Patra
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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19
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El Hadidy N, Uversky VN. Intrinsic Disorder of the BAF Complex: Roles in Chromatin Remodeling and Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215260. [PMID: 31652801 PMCID: PMC6862534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-meter-long DNA is compressed into chromatin in the nucleus of every cell, which serves as a significant barrier to transcription. Therefore, for processes such as replication and transcription to occur, the highly compacted chromatin must be relaxed, and the processes required for chromatin reorganization for the aim of replication or transcription are controlled by ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelers. One of the most highly studied remodelers of this kind is the BRG1- or BRM-associated factor complex (BAF complex, also known as SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex), which is crucial for the regulation of gene expression and differentiation in eukaryotes. Chromatin remodeling complex BAF is characterized by a highly polymorphic structure, containing from four to 17 subunits encoded by 29 genes. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of BAF complex in chromatin remodeling and also to use literature mining and a set of computational and bioinformatics tools to analyze structural properties, intrinsic disorder predisposition, and functionalities of its subunits, along with the description of the relations of different BAF complex subunits to the pathogenesis of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El Hadidy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia.
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20
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Cooper ML, DiPersio JF. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of T-cell malignancies. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:101097. [PMID: 31779968 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, the only curative therapy for patients with T-cell malignancies is allogeneic stem cell transplant, which has associated risks and toxicities. Novel agents have been tried in relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but only one, with 20%-30% complete remission rates, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. T-ALL is a heterogeneous disease, but it has universal overexpression of CD7 as well as several other T-cell markers, such as CD2 and CD5. T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are a promising cancer immunotherapy. Such targeted therapies have shown great potential for inducing both remissions and even long-term relapse-free survival in patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. UCART7 for CD7+ T-cell malignancies is in development for treatment of relapsed T-ALL in children and adults. It may also have potential in other CD7+ hematologic malignancies that lack both effective therapies and targeted therapies. The challenges encountered and progress made in developing a novel fratricide-resistant "off-the-shelf" CAR-T (or UCART7) that targets CD7+ T-cell malignancies are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew L Cooper
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, USA.
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21
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Zhang G, Wang H, Zhu K, Yang Y, Li J, Jiang H, Liu Z. Investigation of candidate molecular biomarkers for expression profile analysis of the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109530. [PMID: 31606621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). However, for adult ALL, there is still a lack of an effective treatment. In the present study, we first used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ALL cell lines and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin cell lines. Then, the GEO database was also used to detect the DEGs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Reh) cells transfected with a normal control or a constitutively active variant of the IkB kinase β. Finally, we found that three key DEGs (CCL5, FSCN1, and HS3ST1) are involved in proliferation and apoptosis according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, we determined that all three target genes that participate in proliferation and apoptosis are regulated via the NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huinan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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22
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Park JG, Aziz N, Cho JY. MKK7, the essential regulator of JNK signaling involved in cancer cell survival: a newly emerging anticancer therapeutic target. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919875574. [PMID: 31579105 PMCID: PMC6759727 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919875574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) plays an important role in regulating cell fate, such as proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. Its activity is induced through the interaction of MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks), and various scaffolding proteins. Because of the importance of the JNK cascade to intracellular bioactivity, many studies have been conducted to reveal its precise intracellular functions and mechanisms, but its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the molecular characterization, activation process, and physiological functions of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7), the MAP2K that most specifically controls the activity of JNK. Understanding the role of MKK7/JNK signaling in physiological conditions could spark new hypotheses for targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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23
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Williams LA, Yang JJ, Hirsch BA, Marcotte EL, Spector LG. Is There Etiologic Heterogeneity between Subtypes of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review of Variation in Risk by Subtype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:846-856. [PMID: 30770347 PMCID: PMC6500468 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although substantial advances in the identification of cytogenomic subtypes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been made in recent decades, epidemiologic research characterizing the etiologic heterogeneity of ALL by subtype has not kept pace. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature concerning subtype-specific epidemiologic risk factor associations with ALL subtype defined by immunophenotype (e.g., B-cell vs. T-cell) and cytogenomics (including gross chromosomal events characterized by recurring numerical and structural abnormalities, along with cryptic balanced rearrangements, and focal gene deletions). In case-control analyses investigating nongenetic risk factors, home paint exposure is associated with hyperdiploid, MLL-rearranged, and ETV6-RUNX1 subtypes, yet there are few differences in risk factor associations between T- and B-ALL. Although the association between maternal smoking and ALL overall has been null, maternal smoking is associated with an increasing number of gene deletions among cases. GWAS-identified variants in ARID5B have been the most extensively studied and are strongly associated with hyperdiploid B-ALL. GATA3 single nucleotide variant rs3824662 shows a strong association with Ph-like ALL (OR = 3.14). However, there have been relatively few population-based studies of adequate sample size to uncover risk factors that may define etiologic heterogeneity between and within the currently defined cytogenomic ALL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Williams
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Betsy A Hirsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erin L Marcotte
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Noronha EP, Marques LVC, Andrade FG, Thuler LCS, Terra-Granado E, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. The Profile of Immunophenotype and Genotype Aberrations in Subsets of Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:316. [PMID: 31338319 PMCID: PMC6503680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy, which reflects distinctive stages of T-cell differentiation arrest. We have revisited a cohort of pediatric T-ALL, in order to test if immunophenotypes associated with molecular alterations would predict the patient's outcome. Genetic mutations, translocations and copy number alterations were identified through Sanger sequencing, RT-PCR, FISH and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We defined 8 immunophenotypic T-ALL subtypes through multiparametric flow cytometry: early T-cell precursor (ETP, n = 27), immature (n = 38), early cortical (n = 15), cortical (n = 50), late cortical (n = 53), CD4/CD8 double negative mature (n = 31), double positive mature (n = 35) and simple positive mature (n = 31) T-ALL. Deletions (del) or amplifications (amp) in at least one gene were observed in 87% of cases. The most frequent gene alterations were CDKN2A/Bdel (71.4%), NOTCH1mut (47.6%) and FBXW7mut (17%). ETP-ALL had frequent FLT3mut (22.2%) and SUZ12del (16.7%) (p < 0.001), while CDKN2A/Bdel were rarely found in this subtype (p < 0.001). The early cortical T-ALL subtype had high frequencies of NOTCH1mut and IL7Rmut (71%, 28.6%, respectively), whereas, mature T-ALL with double positive CD4/CD8 had the highest frequencies of STIL-TAL1 (36.7%), LEF1del (27.3%) and CASP8AP2del (22.7%). The co-existence of two groups of T-ALL with NOTCH1mut/IL7Rmut, and with TLX3/SUZ12del/NF1del/IL7Rmut, were characterized with statistical significance (p < 0.05) but only STIL-TAL1 (pOS 47.5%) and NOTCH1WT/FBXW7WT (pOS 55.3%) are predictors of poor T-ALL outcomes. In conclusion, we have observed that 8 T-ALL subgroups are characterized by distinct molecular profiles. The mutations in NOTCH1/FBXW7 and STIL-TAL1 rearrangement had a prognostic impact, independent of immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Pereira Noronha
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luísa Vieira Codeço Marques
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francianne Gomes Andrade
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eugênia Terra-Granado
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (MCL-1) siRNA Therapy Showed Cytotoxic Effect on T Cells Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.87773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Tomar AK, Agarwal R, Kundu B. Most Variable Genes and Transcription Factors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:668-678. [PMID: 30972690 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-019-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic tumor caused by cell cycle aberrations due to accumulating genetic disturbances in the expression of transcription factors (TFs), signaling oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Though survival rate in childhood ALL patients is increased up to 80% with recent medical advances, treatment of adults and childhood relapse cases still remains challenging. Here, we have performed bioinformatics analysis of 207 ALL patients' mRNA expression data retrieved from the ICGC data portal with an objective to mark out the decisive genes and pathways responsible for ALL pathogenesis and aggression. For analysis, 3361 most variable genes, including 276 transcription factors (out of 16,807 genes) were sorted based on the coefficient of variance. Silhouette width analysis classified 207 ALL patients into 6 subtypes and heat map analysis suggests a need of large and multicenter dataset for non-overlapping subtype classification. Overall, 265 GO terms and 32 KEGG pathways were enriched. The lists were dominated by cancer-associated entries and highlight crucial genes and pathways that can be targeted for designing more specific ALL therapeutics. Differential gene expression analysis identified upregulation of two important genes, JCHAIN and CRLF2 in dead patients' cohort suggesting their possible involvement in different clinical outcomes in ALL patients undergoing the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Tomar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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27
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Papenhausen P, Kelly CA, Zhang Z, Tepperberg J, Burnside RD, Schwartz S. Multidisciplinary analysis of pediatric T-ALL: 9q34 gene fusions. Cancer Genet 2018; 231-232:1-13. [PMID: 30803551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is not as frequently reported as the B-cell counterpart (B-ALL), only occurring in about 15% of pediatric cases with a typically heterogeneous etiology. Approximately 8% of childhood T-ALL cases have rearrangements involving the ABL1 tyrosine kinase gene at 9q34.12; although a t(9;22), resulting in a fusion of ABL1 with the BCR gene at 22q11.23 is a common occurrence in B-ALL, it is not a typical finding in T-ALL. A subset of 10 of 40 documented cases of T-ALL analyzed over a 5-year period is presented, each having gene rearrangements within band 9q34 that resulted in fusions other than BCR/ABL1. These cases included fusions involving ABL1, SET (9q34.11), NUP214 (9q34.13), SPTAN1 (9p34.11), and TNRC6B (22q13.1). Among the 10 cases are: six SET/NUP214 fusions, two ABL1/NUP214 fusions (one of which was associated with episomal amplification) and novel SPTAN1/ABL1 and TNRC6B/ABL1 fusions. The evaluations of these clones were each significantly aided by FISH analysis, which directed subsequent microarray and anchored multiplex PCR testing for fusion confirmations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Papenhausen
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 1904 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Carla A Kelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 1904 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 3400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581, United States.
| | - James Tepperberg
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 1904 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Rachel D Burnside
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 1904 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Stuart Schwartz
- Laboratory Corporation of America, 1904 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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28
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Chebihi ZT, Belkhayat A, Chadli E, Hessissen L, El Khorassani M, El Kababri M, Kili A, Khattab M, Bakri Y, Dakka N. The rare translocation t(14;21)(q11;q22) detected in a Moroccan patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res Rep 2018; 11:1-4. [PMID: 30533380 PMCID: PMC6260455 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been at the forefront of research in the pathogenesis of cancer. The presence of recurring chromosomal abnormalities (either numeral or structural rearrangements) provides immediate clues to the genetic events leading to leukemia and many abnormalities have important prognostic significance. The rare translocation t(14,21)(q11.2;q22) has been described in pediatric T lineage ALL in only one case so far in 2000. The present study is a case report of an ALL case in which we found a t(14,21)(q11.2;q22) as a non random chromosomal abnormality among 70 analyzed pediatric ALL cases referred exclusively to BIOLAB Laboratory from the children hospital of Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Takki Chebihi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,BIOLAB Laboratory, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - E Chadli
- BIOLAB Laboratory, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Hessissen
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Morocco
| | - M El Khorassani
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Morocco
| | - M El Kababri
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Kili
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Khattab
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Morocco
| | - Y Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N Dakka
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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29
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Kim H, Kim IS, Chang CL, Kong SY, Lim YT, Kong SG, Cho EH, Lee EY, Shin HJ, Park HJ, Eom HS, Lee H. T-Cell Receptor Rearrangements Determined Using Fragment Analysis in Patients With T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Ann Lab Med 2018; 39:125-132. [PMID: 30430774 PMCID: PMC6240512 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal abnormalities and common genetic rearrangements related to T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are not clear. We investigated T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement in Korean T-ALL patients by fragment analysis, examining frequency, association between clinicopathologic characteristics and TCR clonality, and feasibility for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD). Methods In 51 Korean patients diagnosed as having T-ALL, TCR rearrangement was analyzed using the IdentiClone TCR gene clonality assay (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA) from archived bone marrow specimens. Limit of detection (LOD) and clonal stability at relapse were evaluated. The association between clinical prognosis and TCR clonality was examind by age and immunophenotypic classification. Results Thirty-eight patients (74.5%) had 62 clonal products of TCRβ, TCRγ, and/or TCRδ rearrangements at diagnosis. Children with T-ALL (<12 years) showed a higher frequency of clonality (93.8%) than adolescents/adults (65.7%; ≥12 years). Patients with a mature immunophenotype (84.4%) showed a relatively higher frequency of clonality than those with the immature immunophenotype (57.9%). Survival and event-free survival were not influenced by immunophenotype or TCR clonality. The LOD was 1%. Clonal evolution at the relapse period was noted. Conclusions The overall detection rate of TCR clonality was 74.5%. Survival did not differ by TCR clonality or immunophenotype and age group. Fragment analysis of TCR rearrangement cannot be used to assess MRD due to low sensitivity. Further research on the relationship between prognosis and frequency of TCR rearrangements is needed, using more sensitive methods to detect clonality and monitor MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Chulhun L Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Sun Young Kong
- Hematologic Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Tak Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seom Gim Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Eun Yup Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Park
- Center for Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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30
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Eymard N, Volpert V, Kurbatova P, Volpert V, Bessonov N, Ogungbenro K, Aarons L, Janiaud P, Nony P, Bajard A, Chabaud S, Bertrand Y, Kassaï B, Cornu C, Nony P. Mathematical model of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: disease, treatment, cure or relapse of a virtual cohort of patients. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2018; 35:25-47. [PMID: 28082512 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare type of lymphoma with a good prognosis with a remission rate of 85%. Patients can be completely cured or can relapse during or after a 2-year treatment. Relapses usually occur early after the remission of the acute phase. The median time of relapse is equal to 1 year, after the occurrence of complete remission (range 0.2-5.9 years) (Uyttebroeck et al., 2008). It can be assumed that patients may be treated longer than necessary with undue toxicity.The aim of our model was to investigate whether the duration of the maintenance therapy could be reduced without increasing the risk of relapses and to determine the minimum treatment duration that could be tested in a future clinical trial.We developed a mathematical model of virtual patients with T-LBL in order to obtain a proportion of virtual relapses close to the one observed in the real population of patients from the EuroLB database. Our simulations reproduced a 2-year follow-up required to study the onset of the disease, the treatment of the acute phase and the maintenance treatment phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eymard
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Kurbatova
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Volpert
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Antenne Lyon la Doua 69603 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Bessonov
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Ogungbenro
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Aarons
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Janiaud
- University of Lyon 1, UMR, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - P Nony
- University of Lyon 1, UMR, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - A Bajard
- Unité de Biostatistique et d'Evaluation des Thérapeutiques Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - S Chabaud
- Unité de Biostatistique et d'Evaluation des Thérapeutiques Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Y Bertrand
- Institute of Hematology and Oncology Paediatrics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - B Kassaï
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC1407, Lyon, France
| | - C Cornu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC1407, Lyon, France
| | - P Nony
- CHU Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques, Lyon, France
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31
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In vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:155-161. [PMID: 30135627 PMCID: PMC6102621 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the predominant antibody deficiency disorders, some evidence of which indicates that chromosome instability is present in these patients. An increased risk of cancer in patients with CVID has been documented. This study was undertaken to highlight radiation sensitivity in CVID patients and to clarify the genetic basis of this defect in these cases. Stimulated lymphocytes of the studied subjects were exposed to low-dose gamma-rays in the G2 phase or the G0 phase of the cell cycle and chromosomal aberrations were scored. Lymphocytes of healthy individuals, ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cases and a group of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were investigated in the same way as controls. By two methods of analysis (one-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test), the CVID cases were significantly more radiosensitive than healthy controls based on the results of the G2 and the G0 assays. First-degree relatives of CVID patients were radiosensitive by the micronucleus assay which showed a significant difference as compared with normal controls (p = 0.001). In conclusion, this study may support that chromosomal radiosensitivity in CVID patients is a marker of genetic predisposition to the disease. The results might be a clue to describe the increased risk of cancer in CVID patients.
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32
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Montaño A, Forero-Castro M, Marchena-Mendoza D, Benito R, Hernández-Rivas JM. New Challenges in Targeting Signaling Pathways in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by NGS Approaches: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040110. [PMID: 29642462 PMCID: PMC5923365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and study of genetic alterations involved in various signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the application of recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the identification of these lesions not only broaden our understanding of the involvement of various genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of the disease but also identify new therapeutic targets for future clinical trials. The present review describes the main deletions, amplifications, sequence mutations, epigenetic lesions, and new structural DNA rearrangements detected by NGS in B-ALL and T-ALL and their clinical importance for therapeutic procedures. We reviewed the molecular basis of pathways including transcriptional regulation, lymphoid differentiation and development, TP53 and the cell cycle, RAS signaling, JAK/STAT, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, chromatin structure modifiers, and epigenetic regulators. The implementation of NGS strategies has enabled important mutated genes in each pathway, their associations with the genetic subtypes of ALL, and their outcomes, which will be described further. We also discuss classic and new cryptic DNA rearrangements in ALL identified by mRNA-seq strategies. Novel cooperative abnormalities in ALL could be key prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers for selecting the best frontline treatment and for developing therapies after the first relapse or refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Montaño
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Cancer Research Center, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maribel Forero-Castro
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150001, Colombia.
| | - Darnel Marchena-Mendoza
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Cancer Research Center, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (GICBUPTC), Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150001, Colombia.
| | - Rocío Benito
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Cancer Research Center, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Wu X, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang B, Hu Z, Jin R. Cooperation of IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ABT-737 in nanoparticles for synergistic therapy of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8025-8034. [PMID: 29184402 PMCID: PMC5673049 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is caused by clonal expansion of variant T cell progenitors and is considered as a high risk leukemia. Contemporary single chemotherapy has a limited effect due to dynamic and versatile properties of T-ALL. Here IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ABT-737 were co-encapsulated into polyethylene glycol modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (IRAK/ABT-NP) to enhance synergistic therapy of T-ALL. The formulation was optimized to achieve high drug loading using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The optimal parameter comprised 2.98% polymer in acetonitrile, a ratio of oil phase to water phase of 1:8.33, and 2.12% emulsifier concentration. High drug loading and uniform spherical shape was achieved. In vitro release study showed sustained release of IRAK1/4 inhibitor for 72 hours as well as sustained release of ABT-737 for more than 120 hours. Uptake efficiency of IRAK/ABT-NP and induced apoptotic T-ALL fraction by IRAK/ABT-NP were much higher than the IRAK1/4 and ABT-737 combined solution. IC50 of IRAK/ABT-NP was two-fold lower than free drug combination in Jurkat cells. Additionally, we conducted in vivo experiments in which IRAK/ABT-NP exhibited greater cytotoxicity toward T-ALL cells, the capacity to significantly restore white blood cell number in peripheral blood, and improved survival time of T-ALL mouse model compared to the IRAK1/4 and ABT-737 combined solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Yining Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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Yang X, Feng W, Wang R, Yang F, Wang L, Chen S, Chen C, Ren Q, Zheng G. Hepatic leukemia-associated macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype in Notch1-induced acute T cell leukemia. Immunobiology 2017; 223:73-80. [PMID: 29030004 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are well accepted and the pathological role of macrophages in hematopoietic malignancies have been proposed. Hepatomegaly is frequently observed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients with poor prognosis. However, the role of leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs) in hepatic microenvironment remains unclear. Here, the characteristics of hepatic LAMs (H-LAMs) were studied in Notch1 induced T-ALL model. Increase in proportion and absolute counts of H-LAMs was detected with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, H-LAMs exhibited a more M1-like phenotype distinct from that of TAMs in hepatocellular carcinoma and LAMs from BM or spleen in leukemia. Moreover, H-LAMs expressed increased level of cytokines in charge of recruiting inflammatory cells, which contributed to pro-inflammatory hepatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shayan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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35
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Promiscuity and selectivity of small-molecule inhibitors across TAM receptor tyrosine kinases in pediatric leukemia. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Baghbani E, Baradaran B, Pak F, Mohammadnejad L, Shanehbandi D, Mansoori B, Khaze V, Montazami N, Mohammadi A, Kokhaei P. Suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 gene induces apoptosis in T-cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat) through the AKT and ERK pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Greene LM, Nathwani SM, Zisterer DM. Inhibition of γ-secretase activity synergistically enhances tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induced apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via upregulation of death receptor 5. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2900-2905. [PMID: 27698877 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy prone to relapse and drug resistance. Half of all T-ALL patients exhibit mutations in Notch1, which leads to aberrant Notch1 associated signaling cascades. Notch1 activation is mediated by the γ-secretase cleavage of the Notch1 receptor into the active intracellular domain of Notch1 (NCID). Clinical trials of γ-secretase small molecule inhibitors (GSIs) as single agents for the treatment of T-ALL have been unsuccessful. The present study demonstrated, using immunofluorescence and western blotting, that blocking γ-secretase activity in T-ALL cells with N-[(3,5-difluorophenyl) acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl] glycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT) downregulated NCID and upregulated the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor 5 (DR5). Upregulation of DR5 restored the sensitivity of T-ALL cells to TRAIL. Combination index revealed that the combined treatment of DAPT and TRAIL synergistically enhanced apoptosis compared with treatment with either drug alone. TRAIL combined with the clinically evaluated γ-secretase inhibitor 3-[(1r, 4s)-4-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-4-(2, 5-difluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] propanoic acid (MK-0752) also significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced cell death compared with either drug alone. DAPT/TRAIL apoptotic synergy was dependent on the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and was associated with a decrease in BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In conclusion, γ-secretase inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Seema M Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
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Ge Z, Li M, Zhao G, Xiao L, Gu Y, Zhou X, Yu MD, Li J, Dovat S, Song C. Novel dynamin 2 mutations in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2746-2751. [PMID: 27698851 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations on signaling pathways are found in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and act as markers of high-risk leukemia. Mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) have been reported in T-ALL, particularly in early T-cell precursor-ALL. In the present study, DNM2 mutations were screened by sequencing DNM2 exons obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification and gel purification in adult T-ALL patients. A total of 4 novel DNM2 mutations were identified in adult T-ALL patients, with a mutation rate of 9.5%, and the DNM2 mutations were found to co-exist with NOTCH1 and PHD finger protein 6, and were also associated with high-risk leukemia. A high rate of silent mutation was also found in the patients, but no significant association was found between the silent mutations and patients' clinical features. The present findings suggested the DNM2 mutations may be involved in the oncogenesis of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lichan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xilian Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Michael D Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Ma D, Zhong S, Liu X, Mai H, Mai G, Xu C, Zhou F. CD3D and PRKCQ work together to discriminate between B-cell and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Comput Biol Med 2016; 77:16-22. [PMID: 27494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different therapeutic methods have been developed for the B-cell and T-cell subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The identification of molecular biomarkers that can accurately discriminate between B-cell and T-cell ALLs will facilitate the quick determination of therapeutic plans, as well as reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlining the two different ALL subtypes. This study computationally screened the high-throughput transcriptome dataset for multiple candidate biomarkers and verified their discrimination abilities in an independent sample set using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Both technologies suggest that the two genes CD3D and PKRCQ together provided a good model for classification of B-cell and T-cell ALLs, whereas the individual genes did not show consistent discrimination between the two ALL subtypes. Supplementary material is available at http://healthinformaticslab.org/supp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China.
| | - Shan Zhong
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Guoqin Mai
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
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Yin JJ, Liang B, Zhan XR. MicroRNA-204 inhibits cell proliferation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by down-regulating SOX4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9189-9195. [PMID: 26464665 PMCID: PMC4583897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by negatively regulating gene expression. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of miR-204 on cell proliferation migration and invasion in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). METHOD miR-204 expression was determined in bone marrow samples from 32 leukemia patients and 32 healthy controls by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of miR-204 on cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 assay, cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell migration and invasion assays, In addition, the regulation of SOX4 by miR-204 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. RESULTS our results revealed that miR-204 was low expressed in T-ALL. Cell proliferation assay showed that the cell proliferation ability was inhibited by miR-204 mimics. Moreover, migration and invasion assay suggested that overexpression of miR-204 could significantly suppressed the migration and invasion ability of T-ALL cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-204 directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of SOX4, and western blot suggested that miR-204 inhibited the expression of SOX4 at the protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that miR-204 negatively regulates SOX4 and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of T-ALL cell lines. Thus, miR-204 might represent a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yin
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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Zhuang Y, Lu Y, Li D, Sun N, Ju X. Upregulation of AIOLOS induces apoptosis and enhances etoposide chemosensitivity in Jurkat leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1319-25. [PMID: 25524659 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive neoplastic disorder of immature hematopoietic precursors committed to T-cell lineage. T-ALL accounts for ~15% of pediatric ALL cases and is prone to early relapse. With new and improved treatment protocols, the prognosis of T-ALL has improved particularly in children; however, the outcome of relapsed T-ALL cases remains poor. The AIOLOS gene is necessary to control lymphocyte differentiation and may be a potential target of T-ALL therapy. In the present study, Jurkat cells were divided into three groups: untransfected (UT) control, lentiviral vector control (Lenti-Mock) and AIOLOS-overexpressing (Lenti-AIOLOS) groups. Lenti-AIOLOS Jurkat cells were constructed by lentiviral transduction; cell cycle analysis, apoptosis and cytotoxicity assays were then performed to evaluate the effects of AIOLOS on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and cell chemosensitivity to etoposide of Jurkat cells in vitro. Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the percentage of Jurkat cells in the G0/G1 phase increased from 71.5 (UT) to 85.4% (Lenti-AIOLOS; P<0.05), yet the percentage of cells in the S-phase decreased from 15.1 (UT) to 11.6% (Lenti‑AIOLOS; P<0.05). The percentage of total apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the AIOLOS-transfected Jurkat cells (21.93%) compared with this percentage in the Lenti-Mock (13.35%) or the UT group (13.30%; P<0.05). Consistent with these results, AIOLOS overexpression induced P21 and P27 upregulation and CCND3 and SKP2 downregulation. Furthermore, AIOLOS overexpression synergistically increased the cytotoxic effects of etoposide and downregulated NF-κB expression. Our findings revealed that lentivirus-mediated AIOLOS overexpression in Jurkat cells induced cell apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and synergistically increased the sensitivity of Jurkat cells to etoposide by inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Nianzheng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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A Novel Cryptic Three-Way Translocation t(2;9;18)(p23.2;p21.3;q21.33) with Deletion of Tumor Suppressor Genes in 9p21.3 and 13q14 in a T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:357123. [PMID: 25374696 PMCID: PMC4206928 DOI: 10.1155/2014/357123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia often presents with pure chromosomal resolution; thus, aberrations may not be detected by banding cytogenetics. Here, a case of 26-year-old male diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and a normal karyotype after standard GTG-banding was studied retrospectively in detail by molecular cytogenetic and molecular approaches. Besides fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and high resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) were applied. Thus, cryptic chromosomal aberrations not observed before were detected: three chromosomes were involved in a cytogenetically balanced occurring translocation t(2;9;18)(p23.2;p21.3;q21.33). Besides a translocation t(10;14)(q24;q11) was identified, an aberration known to be common in T-ALL. Due to the three-way translocation deletion of tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/INK4A/p16, CDKN2B/INK4B/p15, and MTAP/ARF/p14 in 9p21.3 took place. Additionally RB1 in 13q14 was deleted. This patient, considered to have a normal karyotype after low resolution banding cytogenetics, was treated according to general protocol of anticancer therapy (ALL-BFM 95).
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Genetic and epigenetic determinants mediate proneness of oncogene breakpoint sites for involvement in TCR translocations. Genes Immun 2013; 15:72-81. [PMID: 24304972 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) translocations are a genetic hallmark of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lead to juxtaposition of oncogene and TCR loci. Oncogene loci become involved in translocations because they are accessible to the V(D)J recombination machinery. Such accessibility is predicted at cryptic recombination signal sequence (cRSS) sites ('Type 1') as well as other sites that are subject to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) ('Type 2') during early stages of thymocyte development. As chromatin accessibility markers have not been analyzed in the context of TCR-associated translocations, various genetic and epigenetic determinants of LMO2, TAL1 and TLX1 translocation breakpoint (BP) sites and BP cluster regions (BCRs) were examined in human thymocytes to establish DSB proneness and heterogeneity of BP site involvement in TCR translocations. Our data show that DSBs in BCRs are primarily induced in the presence of a genetic element of sequence vulnerability (cRSSs, transposable elements), whereas breaks at single BP sites lacking such elements are more likely induced by chance or perhaps because of patient-specific genetic vulnerability. Vulnerability to obtain DSBs is increased by features that determine chromatin organization, such as methylation status and nucleosome occupancy, although at different levels at different BP sites.
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Kwong-Lam F, Chi-Fung CG. Vincristine could partly suppress stromal support to T-ALL blasts during pegylated arginase I treatment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:11. [PMID: 23574711 PMCID: PMC3655039 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relapsed T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has been an incurable disease. Recent reports showed that an L-arginine depleting enzyme, pegylated arginase (BCT-100) may be effective against T-ALL cells. On the other hand, studies including ours had shown the symbiosis of ALL blasts and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in bone marrow microenvironment during L-asparaginase treatment. As L-asparaginase and BCT-100 both act by depleting lymphoid cells of specific amino acid, we hypothesized that hMSCs may also protect T-ALL blasts from BCT-100 treatment in co-culture and such protection may be abrogated by pre-treating hMSCs with vincristine (VCR). Methods XTT assay was used to test sensitivities of T-ALL cell lines and hMSCs to BCT-100. Apoptosis of T-ALL cell lines with or without BCT-100 treatment were tested by annexin V / propidium iodide (AV/PI) assay using flow cytometer. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), an enzyme involved in L-arginine metabolism which may account for BCT-100 resistance. Results hMSCs were resistant to BCT-100 while CCRF-CEM, Jurkat and MOLT-4 were very sensitive to it. hMSCs could protect all the three cell lines from BCT-100 treatment in transwell co-culture. All the 3 T-ALL cell lines were also found to be rescued by an L-arginine precursor citrulline, while the breakdown product of BCT-100, ornithine only had limited salvaging effect on CCRF-CEM but not Jurkat and MOLT-4. Both hMSCs and 3 T-ALL cell lines express citrulline synthesis enzyme, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) at basal level while only hMSCs could express OTC at relatively higher level under BCT-100 treatment. Treating hMSCs with vincristine before co-culturing with T-ALL could resume the cytotoxicity of BCT-100 to CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4 cells. Conclusions Our results suggest a possible strategy to overcome resistance to BCT-100 from cancer microenvironments by suppressing hMSCs either in marrow or in the perivascular niche using vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Kwong-Lam
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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van Dongen JJM, Lhermitte L, Böttcher S, Almeida J, van der Velden VHJ, Flores-Montero J, Rawstron A, Asnafi V, Lécrevisse Q, Lucio P, Mejstrikova E, Szczepański T, Kalina T, de Tute R, Brüggemann M, Sedek L, Cullen M, Langerak AW, Mendonça A, Macintyre E, Martin-Ayuso M, Hrusak O, Vidriales MB, Orfao A. EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes. Leukemia 2012; 26:1908-75. [PMID: 22552007 PMCID: PMC3437410 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most consensus leukemia & lymphoma antibody panels consist of lists of markers based on expert opinions, but they have not been validated. Here we present the validated EuroFlow 8-color antibody panels for immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies. The single-tube screening panels and multi-tube classification panels fit into the EuroFlow diagnostic algorithm with entries defined by clinical and laboratory parameters. The panels were constructed in 2-7 sequential design-evaluation-redesign rounds, using novel Infinicyt software tools for multivariate data analysis. Two groups of markers are combined in each 8-color tube: (i) backbone markers to identify distinct cell populations in a sample, and (ii) markers for characterization of specific cell populations. In multi-tube panels, the backbone markers were optimally placed at the same fluorochrome position in every tube, to provide identical multidimensional localization of the target cell population(s). The characterization markers were positioned according to the diagnostic utility of the combined markers. Each proposed antibody combination was tested against reference databases of normal and malignant cells from healthy subjects and WHO-based disease entities, respectively. The EuroFlow studies resulted in validated and flexible 8-color antibody panels for multidimensional identification and characterization of normal and aberrant cells, optimally suited for immunophenotypic screening and classification of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Krentz S, Hof J, Mendioroz A, Vaggopoulou R, Dörge P, Lottaz C, Engelmann JC, Groeneveld TWL, Körner G, Seeger K, Hagemeier C, Henze G, Eckert C, von Stackelberg A, Kirschner-Schwabe R. Prognostic value of genetic alterations in children with first bone marrow relapse of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2012; 27:295-304. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kang DH, Kim SH, Jun JW, Lee YW, Shin HB, Ahn JY, Hong DS, Lee YK, Jeon BR. Simultaneous translocation of both TCR Loci (14q11) with rare partner loci (Xq22 and 12p13) in a case of T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:220-4. [PMID: 22563559 PMCID: PMC3339304 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.3.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia [T-ALL]) involve T-cell receptor (TCR) loci and a variety of partner genes, including HOX11, HOX11L2, MYC, and TAL1. In this report, we present a rare case involving simultaneous translocation of the TCR α/δ loci with different partner loci (Xq22 and 12p13); this resulted in a poor prognosis. Chromosomal analysis showed 46,Y,t(X;14)(q22;q11.2),t(12;14)(p13;q11.2) and FISH analysis by using a T-cell receptor alpha delta DNA probe, Split Signal (DakoCytomation, Denmark), showed translocations at the same TCR α/δ locus on both chromosomes. FISH with 2 bacterial artificial chromosome clones showed break apart signal, which suggests involvement of the IRS4 gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T-ALL in which both TCR α/δ loci were translocated with different partner loci, and 1 of the partner loci, Xq22, was a rare translocation partner locus that included IRS4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Lesovaya EA, Yemelyanov AY, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG, Budunova IV. Antitumor effect of non-steroid glucocorticoid receptor ligand CpdA on leukemia cell lines CEM and K562. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1242-52. [PMID: 22117551 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791111006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in chemotherapy of hematological malignancies, particularly leukemia. Their effect is mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcription factor. Besides their therapeutic impact, GCs may cause a number of side effects leading to various metabolic complications. The goal of immediate interest is testing glucocorticoid analogs capable of induction/enhancement of GR transrepression, but preventing GR dimerization and transactivation leading to side effects. In this work we have investigated effects of a promising new selective GR agonist, 2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-chloro-N-methylethylammonium chloride (CpdA), on CEM and K562 leukemia cells. Both cell lines express functional GR. CpdA compared with the glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA) exerted more prominent cytostatic and apoptotic effects on the cells. Both cell lines exhibited sensitivity to CpdA, demonstrating a good correlation with the effects of FA on cell growth and viability. In contrast to FA, CpdA did not induce GR transactivation evaluated by no obvious increase in expression of GR target (and dependent) gene FKBP51. At the same time, luciferase assay showed that CpdA efficiently activated transrepression of NF-κB and AP-1 factors. We also evaluated the effect of combined action of CpdA and the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib. The latter induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in both T-cell leukemia cell lines. By treatment of CEM cells with different CpdA/GC and Bortezomib doses, we have designed a protocol where CpdA shows potentiating effect on Bortezomib cytotoxic activity. Generally, the present work characterizes a novel non-steroid GR ligand, CpdA, as a promising compound for possible application in leukemia chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lesovaya
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Clinical and molecular characterization of early T-cell precursor leukemia: a high-risk subgroup in adult T-ALL with a high frequency of FLT3 mutations. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e55. [PMID: 22829239 PMCID: PMC3270253 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of pediatric acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was characterized by a gene expression profile comparable to that of early T-cell precursors (ETPs) with a highly unfavorable outcome. We have investigated clinical and molecular characteristics of the ETP-ALL subgroup in adult T-ALL. As ETP-ALL represents a subgroup of early T-ALL we particularly focused on this cohort and identified 178 adult patients enrolled in the German Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Multicenter studies (05/93–07/03). Of these, 32% (57/178) were classified as ETP-ALL based on their characteristic immunophenotype. The outcome of adults with ETP-ALL was poor with an overall survival of only 35% at 10 years, comparable to the inferior outcome of early T-ALL with 38%. The molecular characterization of adult ETP-ALL revealed distinct alterations with overexpression of stem cell-related genes (BAALC, IGFBP7, MN1, WT1). Interestingly, we found a low rate of NOTCH1 mutations and no FBXW7 mutations in adult ETP-ALL. In contrast, FLT3 mutations, rare in the overall cohort of T-ALL, were very frequent and nearly exclusively found in ETP-ALL characterized by a specific immunophenotype. These molecular characteristics provide biologic insights and implications with respect to innovative treatment strategies (for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) for this high-risk subgroup of adult ETP-ALL.
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