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Ng DCE, Liew CH, Tan KK, Awang EHB, Nazri FNBA, Maran AKT, Mohan VAAC, Ramachandran D, Chok M, Teh CH, Mohamad Nor A, Baharuddin SB, Khoo EJ. Clinical comparison of HMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children: A propensity score matched study. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13747. [PMID: 38529669 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to the burden of acute respiratory infections in children, but data on hMPV from Southeast Asia are limited despite its potential for serious disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcomes between hMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included children aged ≤12 years old hospitalised with hMPV or RSV, confirmed via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods, between 1 July to 30 October 2022 at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Malaysia. Demographic, clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcome data were analysed. Propensity score matching was used to balance cohorts based on key demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS This study included 192 patients, comprising 112 with hMPV and 80 with RSV. hMPV patients were older (median age 20.5 vs. 9.4 months, p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of comorbidities (24.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.003). Fever was more common in the hMPV group (97.3% vs. 73.8%, p < 0.001), but the other clinical manifestations were similar. Postmatching analysis showed higher corticosteroid use in the hMPV group (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the use of other resources, PICU admissions, duration of hospitalisation or mortality rates between both groups. CONCLUSION hMPV and RSV infections in children share similar clinical manifestations and outcomes, with hMPV affecting older children and showing higher corticosteroid usage. These findings emphasise the need for equal clinical vigilance for both hMPV and RSV in paediatric respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chun-Ern Ng
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Chuin-Hen Liew
- Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Kah Kee Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Perdana University Seremban Clinical Academic Center, Seremban, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Chok
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Hooi Teh
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Airena Mohamad Nor
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | | | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nabeya D, Setoguchi M, Ueno S, Kinjo T. Respiratory virus infections of the lower respiratory tract elevate bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil fraction: a clinical retrospective study and case review. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:111. [PMID: 37024839 PMCID: PMC10078074 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic airway inflammation caused by respiratory virus infection has been demonstrated in basic research; however, clinical investigations are lacking. To clarify the extent to which respiratory virus infection induces airway eosinophilic inflammation, we reviewed the results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and respiratory virus testing performed at our hospital. METHODS Among the BAL procedures performed at the University of the Ryukyu Hospital from August 2012 to September 2016, we collected cases of acute respiratory disease in which multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to search for respiratory viruses. The effect of respiratory virus detection on BAL eosinophil fraction was analyzed using statistical analysis. A case study was conducted on respiratory virus detection, which showed an elevated BAL eosinophil fraction. RESULTS A total of 95 cases were included in this study, of which 17 were PCR-positive. The most common respiratory virus detected was parainfluenza virus (eight cases). The PCR-positive group showed a higher BAL eosinophil fraction than the PCR-negative group (p = 0.030), and more cases had a BAL eosinophil fraction > 3% (p = 0.017). Multivariate analysis revealed that being PCR-positive was significantly associated with BAL eosinophil fraction > 1% and > 3%. There were nine PCR-positive cases with a BAL eosinophil fraction > 1%, of which two cases with parainfluenza virus infection had a marked elevation of BAL eosinophil fraction and were diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Cases of viral infection of the lower respiratory tract showed an elevated BAL eosinophil fraction. The increase in eosinophil fraction due to respiratory virus infection was generally mild, whereas some cases showed marked elevation and were diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia. Respiratory virus infection is not a rare cause of elevated BAL eosinophil fraction and should be listed as a differential disease in the practice of eosinophilic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Nabeya
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Michika Setoguchi
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shiho Ueno
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinjo
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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McIntyre A, Busse WW. Asthma exacerbations: the Achilles heel of asthma care. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:1112-1127. [PMID: 36208987 PMCID: PMC10519281 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations significantly impact millions of patients worldwide to pose large disease burdens on affected patients, families, and health-care systems. Although numerous environmental factors cause asthma exacerbations, viral respiratory infections are the principal triggers. Advances in the pathophysiology of asthma have elucidated dysregulated protective immune responses and upregulated inflammation that create susceptibility and risks for exacerbation. Biologics for the treatment of severe asthma reduce rates of exacerbations and identify specific pathways of inflammation that contribute to altered pathophysiology, novel therapeutic targets, and informative biomarkers. Major steps to prevent exacerbations include the identification of molecular pathways whose blockage will prevent asthma attacks safely, predictably, and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Stein M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Fratty IS, Bucris E, Geva M, Mendelson E, Zuckerman N, Mandelboim M. Human metapneumovirus prevalence during 2019-2021 in Israel is influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:205-209. [PMID: 35472530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare infection rates and circulating subtypes of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) before (2019-2020) and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2021) in Israel. METHODS In total, 12,718 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized patients of all ages during the years 2019 to 2021 at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize the subtypes of hMPV circulating in Israel between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 481 samples were found positive for hMPV. Before the emergence of COVID-19, hMPV peaked in winter months and declined thereafter. In sharp contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a delayed peak in hMPV infection cases and higher infection of young children. Viral sequencing showed a shift in the most prevalent circulating hMPV strain from A2b to B1 during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. CONCLUSION Compared with the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, hMPV mostly affected young children, and the most prevalent circulating subtype shifted from A2b in 2019 to B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilana S Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Miranda Geva
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Ahmed A, Alsenaidy AM, Mobaireek KF, AlSaadi MM. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections during 2014–16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Viral etiology of respiratory infections is not well understood in Saudi Arabia. This study was conceptualized to understand viral etiology in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) from Riyadh. Patients and methods: Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates or swab from 580 children aged ≤5 years. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 64% of the samples with 6% mixed viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza and human metapneumovirus infections accounted for 42, 20, 16, 12 and 10%, respectively. Maximum prevalence (37%) was among the lowest age group followed by 30% among the 7- to 12-month age group. Conclusion: The prevalence and determinants of viral etiology are in line with the previous report from the region. No major shift in the viral etiologies was observed in the 2-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Fahad Mobaireek
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim Mohammed AlSaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Wagatsuma K, Koolhof IS, Shobugawa Y, Saito R. Shifts in the epidemic season of human respiratory syncytial virus associated with inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions in Japan, 2014-2017: An ecological study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248932. [PMID: 33765037 PMCID: PMC7993830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions on the shift in human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) season in Japan. This study aims to test whether the number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions are associated with the onset week of HRSV epidemic season. The estimation of onset week for 46 prefectures (except for Okinawa prefecture) in Japan for 4-year period (2014-2017) was obtained from previous papers based on the national surveillance data. We obtained data on the yearly number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological (yearly mean temperature and relative humidity) conditions from Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), respectively. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regression analysis showed that every 1 person (per 100,000 population) increase in number of overall inbound overseas travelers led to an earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in the year by 0.02 week (coefficient -0.02; P<0.01). Higher mean temperature and higher relative humidity were also found to contribute to an earlier onset week by 0.30 week (coefficient -0.30; P<0.05) and 0.18 week (coefficient -0.18; P<0.01), respectively. Additionally, models that included the number of travelers from individual countries (Taiwan, South Korea, and China) except Australia showed that both the number of travelers from each country and meteorological conditions contributed to an earlier onset week. Our analysis showed the earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in Japan is associated with increased number of inbound overseas travelers, higher mean temperature, and relative humidity. The impact of international travelers on seasonality of HRSV can be further extended to investigations on the changes of various respiratory infectious diseases especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Iain S. Koolhof
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Department of Active Aging, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Rodriguez PE, Frutos MC, Adamo MP, Cuffini C, Cámara JA, Paglini MG, Moreno L, Cámara A. Human Metapneumovirus: Epidemiology and genotype diversity in children and adult patients with respiratory infection in Córdoba, Argentina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244093. [PMID: 33370354 PMCID: PMC7769284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is responsible for acute respiratory infections in humans, with clinical and epidemiological relevance in pediatric, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. These features are largely unknown in Córdoba, Argentina and in adults in general. Hence, our goal was to broadly characterize hMPV infection in patients of all ages hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Córdoba, Argentina, including epidemiology, clinical features and genetic diversity. Nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from 795 patients during 2011-2013, 621 patients were 0-25 years old and 174 were 26-85 years old. HMPV was assayed by RT-PCR and other respiratory viruses by indirect immunofluorescence. Local strains were identified by sequence analysis. Human Metapneumovirus was detected in 20.3% (161/795) patients, 13.1% as single infections and 7.2% in co-infections, more frequently with Respiratory Syncytial Virus. HMPV circulated during late winter and spring in all age patients, but mainly in children under 4 years old in 71.4% (115/161) and adults between 26 and 59 years old in 12.4% (20/161). The most prevalent diagnosis was mild acute respiratory infection in 59.6% (96/161) and bronchiolitis in 9.3% (15/161). Local strains were clustered within A2 subtype; they presented 73-100% identities among them, showing a high degree of homology compared to isolations from neighboring countries. We demonstrate that hMPV circulated among all age patients with respiratory infection during 2011-2013 in Córdoba, contributing to the understanding of this virus, its diagnosis and patient handling in local health-care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Elizabeth Rodriguez
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - María Celia Frutos
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Cuffini
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Augusto Cámara
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paglini
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hospital de Niños “Santísima Trinidad de Córdoba”, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Cámara
- Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
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Niya MHK, Jeda AS, Tavakoli A, Sohani H, Tameshkel FS, Panahi M, Izadi M, Zamani F, Keyvani H. Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Iranian military trainees with acute respiratory symptoms in 2017. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:495-502. [PMID: 33604006 PMCID: PMC7867691 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. Therefore, this study was set out to determine the molecular epidemiology, genotype and phylogenetic features of RSVs in patients with respiratory infection as a case study. Materials and Methods In this study, military barracks of Tehran, Iran, between January to March 2017 exposed to respiratory diseases were used for sampling. Throat swabs were taken, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay was performed to identify RSV and then the genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of RSVs in patients with a respiratory infection. Results Among 400 Iranian military trainees with respiratory symptoms, RSV infection was identified in 2.75% (11/400) using RT-PCR. Sequencing showed the incidence of type A (2.5%, n=10) to be much higher than type B (0.25%, n=1); Sore throat was the most common symptom among RSV patients. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of strains from the studied samples were more consistent with those from the Philippines and the US strains. Conclusion This study is the first to document RSV as a major cause of acute respiratory illness among military trainees in Iran. The prevalence of RSV is substantial in the cold season and the prevalence of genotype A is dominant in the country, leading to take essential steps in preparing a preventive vaccine against this viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi Jeda
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Sohani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sciences and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Panahi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Gálvez NMS, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Innate Immune Components that Regulate the Pathogenesis and Resolution of hRSV and hMPV Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:E637. [PMID: 32545470 PMCID: PMC7354512 DOI: 10.3390/v12060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two of the leading etiological agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections, which constitute the main cause of mortality in infants. However, there are currently approved vaccines for neither hRSV nor hMPV. Moreover, despite the similarity between the pathology caused by both viruses, the immune response elicited by the host is different in each case. In this review, we discuss how dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and the complement system regulate both pathogenesis and the resolution of hRSV and hMPV infections. The roles that these cells play during infections by either of these viruses will help us to better understand the illnesses they cause. We also discuss several controversial findings, relative to some of these innate immune components. To better understand the inflammation in the lungs, the role of the respiratory epithelium in the recruitment of innate immune cells is briefly discussed. Finally, we review the main prophylactic strategies and current vaccine candidates against both hRSV and hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Gaspar A. Pacheco
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Nicolas M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Wu W, Choi EJ, Lee I, Lee YS, Bao X. Non-Coding RNAs and Their Role in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030345. [PMID: 32245206 PMCID: PMC7150941 DOI: 10.3390/v12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent high-throughput sequencing revealed that only 2% of the transcribed human genome codes for proteins, while the majority of transcriptional products are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ncRNAs, both host- and virus-derived, and their role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections. RSV is known as the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, while hMPV is also a significant contributor to LRTI in the pediatrics population. Although RSV and hMPV are close members, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, they induce distinct changes in the ncRNA profile. Several types of host ncRNAs, including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are involved as playing roles in RSV and/or hMPV infection. Given the importance of ncRNAs in regulating the expression and functions of genes and proteins, comprehensively understanding the roles of ncRNAs in RSV/hMPV infection could shed light upon the disease mechanisms of RSV and hMPV, potentially providing insights into the development of prevention strategies and antiviral therapy. The presence of viral-derived RNAs and the potential of using ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | | | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer System Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea;
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +409-772-1777
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11
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Nyoka R, Achia TNO, Omony J, Musili SM, Gichangi A, Mwambi H. Time series non-Gaussian Bayesian bivariate model applied to data on HMPV and RSV: a case of Dadaab in Kenya. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:807. [PMID: 31234829 PMCID: PMC6591850 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) have similar symptoms to those caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The modes of transmission and dynamics of time series data still remain poorly understood. Climatic factors have long been suspected to be implicated in impacting on the number of cases for these epidemics. Currently, only a few models satisfactorily capture the dynamics of time series data of these two viruses. Our objective was to assess the presence of influence of high incidences between the viruses and to ascertain whether higher incidences of one virus are influenced by the other. Methods In this study, we used a negative binomial model to investigate the relationship between RSV and HMPV while adjusting for climatic factors. We specifically aimed at establishing the heterogeneity in the autoregressive effect to account for the influence between these viruses. Results In this study, our findings showed that RSV incidence contributed to the severity of HMPV incidence. This was achieved through comparison of 12 models with different structures, including those with and without interaction between climatic factors. The models with climatic factors out-performed those without. Conclusions The study has improved our understanding of the dynamics of RSV and HMPV in relation to climatic cofactors thereby setting a platform to devise better intervention measures to combat the epidemics. We conclude that preventing and controlling RSV infection subsequently reduces the incidence of HMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Nyoka
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa. .,, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas N O Achia
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Jimmy Omony
- Molecular Genetics Department, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel M Musili
- Statistics Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Gichangi
- Jhpiego - an affiliate of John Hopkins University, P.O. Box 66119, Westlands, Nairobi, 00800, Kenya
| | - Henry Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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12
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Seynaeve D, Augusseau-Rivière B, Couturier P, Morel-Baccard C, Landelle C, Bosson JL, Gavazzi G, Mallaret MR. Outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus in a Nursing Home: A Clinical Perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:104-109.e1. [PMID: 31101588 PMCID: PMC7105973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To describe a human metapneumovirus (hMPV) outbreak occurring in a nursing home for older adults and to identify the risk factors associated with the clinical infection. Design A retrospective, case-controlled study. Setting and participants A French nursing home for older adults between December 27, 2014 and January 20, 2015. Probable cases were residents presenting at least 1 respiratory symptom or 1 constitutional symptom. Confirmed cases identified in the same way as probable cases but with a positive RT-PCR test for hMPV. Controls were residents with no symptoms of respiratory infection. Measures Identification of hMPV was realized on nasal swab samples by RT-PCR. Results Seventy-eight older people were resident at the time of the outbreak. Three of the 4 tested were positive for hMPV by RT-PCR and negative for 13 other viruses or bacteria. All probable infected residents presented cough; other symptoms were scarcer. An inflammatory response was present, with median C-reactive protein at 50 mg/L. The median duration of the illness was 7 days. The rate of infection among residents was high (51%), with 5 hospitalizations (12.5%) and 1 death (2.5%). In multivariate analysis, vaccination against influenza virus appeared to emerge as associated with a probable hMPV infection, but this might be an artifact, as the proportion of unvaccinated residents was low (15%). A clear infected population profile was hard to define, although limited autonomy and low ADL score may play a role. Basic hygiene precautions were reinforced, but droplet precautions seemed difficult to apply rigorously to this population. Conclusions/Implications Clinical and biological presentations were nonspecific. The rate of infection was high, highlighting the need for the rapid introduction of strict precautions to contain the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Seynaeve
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France.
| | | | - Pascal Couturier
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Caroline Landelle
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- Pôle de Santé Publique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gaëtan Gavazzi
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, GREPI EA 7408, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Reine Mallaret
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et de Gestion des Risques, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Cedex, France
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13
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Kim CK, Callaway Z, Gern JE. Viral Infections and Associated Factors That Promote Acute Exacerbations of Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:12-17. [PMID: 29178673 PMCID: PMC5705478 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite asthma being the most common chronic childhood ailment, there is still much to learn about the disease. Early childhood infections with well-known or emerging viruses can lay the pathophysiologic framework for asthma development and exacerbation later in life, which may be due partly to alteration of the airway microbiome. Once asthma is established, acute exacerbations are usually associated with infections with respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses (RVs). Once again, there are bidirectional interactions between viruses and airway bacteria that appear to influence the severity of illness and the likelihood of exacerbation. Studies employing recent advances in viral and bacterial identification analytic techniques will clarify these new concepts and may provide the basis for new treatments or prevention or respiratory infection-associated exacerbation. This paper is a review of the associations among respiratory viruses, bacteria, inflammatory mechanisms, and asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Keun Kim
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zak Callaway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - James E Gern
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Han MY, Chung HL, Ahn YM, Shim JY. Literature review and future strategies of childhood respiratory diseases in Korea. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2018. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.s1.s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hai Lee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Park JS, Kim YH, Kwon E, Callaway Z, Fujisawa T, Kim CK. Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Asia Pac Allergy 2017; 7:206-212. [PMID: 29094018 PMCID: PMC5663748 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) share some epidemiological and clinical characteristics; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which these viruses induce airway inflammation. Objective This study was undertaken to compare cytokine profiles in hMPV and RSV patients to investigate possible differences in inflammatory pathways. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from 1,008 pediatric patients hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection with wheezing and 20 normal healthy controls. Patients were tested for 7 common respiratory viruses then divided into hMPV (n = 35) and RSV groups (n = 67). T helper (Th) 1 (interferon [IFN]-γ), Th2 (interleukin [IL]-4, eotaxin) and Th17 (IL-1β, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed in the 3 groups. Results IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased in the hMPV and RSV groups compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). IL-4 levels were significantly higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV and control groups (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Eotaxin levels showed a tendency to be higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV group (p = 0.0580), and significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the hMPV compared to the RSV group (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the hMPV group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results suggest that hMPV and RSV have different inflammatory mechanisms. hMPV induces airway inflammation by the Th17 pathway through release of IL-1β and IL-6, whereas RSV acts through the Th2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea
| | - Eunmi Kwon
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea
| | - Zak Callaway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Institute for Clinical Research, Mie National Hospital, Tsu 514-0125, Japan
| | - Chang-Keun Kim
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Korea
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16
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Yan XL, Li YN, Tang YJ, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Yang XM, Li YM, Liu LJ, Duan ZJ. Clinical characteristics and viral load of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children hospitaled for acute lower respiratory tract infection. J Med Virol 2016; 89:589-597. [PMID: 27632796 PMCID: PMC7166468 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are two common viral pathogens in acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI). However, the association of viral load with clinical characteristics is not well‐defined in ALRTI. To explore the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of RSV and HMPV in children hospitalized for ALRTI in Lanzhou, China. Three hundred and eighty‐seven children hospitalized for ALRTI were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were sampled from each children. Real‐time PCR was used to screen RSV, HMPV, and twelve additional respiratory viruses. Bronchiolitis was the leading diagnoses both in RSV and HMPV positive patients. A significantly greater frequency of wheezing (52% vs. 33.52%, P = 0.000) was noted in RSV positive and negative patients. The RSV viral load was significant higher in children aged <1 year (P = 0.003), children without fever and wheezing (P = 0.015 and P = 0.000), days of illness <14 days (P = 0.002), children with bronchiolitis (P = 0.012) and children with RSV single infections (P = 0.000). No difference was found in the clinical features of HMPV positive and negative patients. The HMPV viral load had no correlation with any clinical characteristics. The incidences of severe disease were similar between single infection and coinfection for the two viruses (RSV, P = 0.221; HMPV, P = 0.764) and there has no statistical significance between severity and viral load (P = 0.166 and P = 0.721). Bronchiolitis is the most common disease caused by RSV and HMPV. High viral load or co‐infection may be associated with some symptoms but neither has a significant impact on disease severity for the two viruses. J. Med. Virol. 89:589–597, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ning Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Respiration, Beijing Electric Power Hospital of The North China Grid Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Chun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China
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17
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Gu W, Wang Y, Hao C, Zhang X, Yan Y, Chen Z, Jiang W, Shao X, Ji W. Elevated Serum Levels of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Wheezing Children Infected with Human Metapneumovirus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:161-166. [PMID: 27357989 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in children in the Suzhou area, China, and to investigate the effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on wheezing in hMPV-infected children. The study included 13,533 children with respiratory tract infections who were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2009 and December 2014. Clinical data were recorded. Plasma levels of TSLP, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-2 were compared among 35 wheezing children with single hMPV infection, 15 non-wheezing children with hMPV infection, and 35 wheezing children with other viral infections. The annual rates of hMPV infection from 2009 to 2014 were 2.33%, 6.41%, 3.29%, 3.52%, 0.23%, and 0.64%, respectively, peaking in 2010. The number of CD3-/CD16+/CD56+ cells was significantly lower in inpatients with hMPV infection than that in patients with other viral infections. Serum levels of TSLP and IL-4 in wheezing children with hMPV infection were significantly higher than the levels in the other 2 groups. hMPV is a common viral pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children in Suzhou, but annual rates have declined since 2010. Infection with hMPV may affect cell-mediated immunity. Serum TSLP levels were elevated after hMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University
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18
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Park JY, Yun KW, Lim JW, Lee MK, Lim IS, Choi ES. Clinical and genetic features of human metapneumovirus infection in children. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:22-6. [PMID: 26260168 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the main pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infection in children. METHODS From 2011 to 2013, nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from Korean children and tested for hMPV on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The genotype of hMPV in each sample was identified on PCR-restriction length polymorphism analysis of the fusion gene. We divided patients into three groups according to degree of fever. Patients with fever peaking at >39.5°C or lasting >7 days were classified as the high fever (HF) group; those with fevers peaking at <38.5°C and lasting <72 h were classified as the low fever (LF) group; and the other subjects were classified as the moderate fever group. RESULTS Among 457 samples positive for hMPV, hMPV genotype was able to be identified in 399 (87.3%); of these, A2a was found in 97 (24.3%), B1 in 186 (46.6%), and B2 in 116 (29.1%). Clinical features of hMPV infection were compared between the HF and LF groups. We classified 80 subjects into the HF group and 84 subjects into the LF group. Mean absolute neutrophil count (5625 ± 4418 vs 4072 ± 3076/μL, P = 0.010) and C-reactive protein (2.39 ± 3.39 vs 0.96 ± 1.77 mg/dL, P = 0.001) were higher in the HF group. Wheezing (5.0% vs 32.1%, P < 0.001) and dyspnea (2.5% vs 15.5%, P = 0.010) were more frequently seen in the LF group. Genotype distribution was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION Two distinct clinical presentations of hMPV infection were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Departments of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Departments of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lim
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Seok Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Sang Choi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Han YM, Seo HJ, Choi SH, Jung YJ, Ahn SY, Yoo HS, Sung SI, Shim JW, Lee YK, Ko SY, Shin SM, Hwang JH, Lee JH, Choi BM, Kim ES, Jeon JH, Kim SS, Chang YS, Park WS. Effect of Prophylactic Palivizumab on Admission Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Former Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:924-31. [PMID: 26130956 PMCID: PMC4479947 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the effects of prophylactic palivizumab on hospitalization secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (RSVhospitalization) in former very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study also sought to identify the risk factors of RSVhospitalizationin this particular infant population. A prospective observational study was conducted between September 2007 and April 2008 in seven Korean hospitals. Children with a history of very low birth weight, a diagnosis of BPD and who were <2 yr old at the onset of the RSV season were included in this study. Palivizumab injections were administered monthly for a maximum of five months during the RSV season. RSVhospitalization rates were reviewed, and RSVhospitalization rates between subgroups were categorized by gestational age, birth weight, and duration of ventilator care. A total of 90 subjects completed the follow-up interviews. The mean gestational age at birth was 26.1±1.7 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 889.4±222.2 g. The incidence of RSVhospitalization in the study population was 8.9% (8/90), and the mean hospital stay was 11.0±5.5 days, including one death. There were no statistically significant differences in the patients' demographic characteristics or risk factors for RSV hospitalization. When subgroup analyses were conducted, there were still no statistically significant differences. The administration of palivizumab prophylaxis during the entire RSV season is important in VLBWI with BPD, regardless of their gestational age and birth weight, or previous ventilator dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Heui Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Son Moon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung Shin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park WJ, Yoo SJ, Lee SH, Chung JW, Jang KH, Moon JD. Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the basic military training cAMP of the republic of Korea Air Force. J Prev Med Public Health 2015; 48:10-7. [PMID: 25652706 PMCID: PMC4322513 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.14.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: An outbreak of acute febrile illness occurred in the Republic of Korea Air Force boot camp from May to July 2011. An epidemiological investigation of the causative agent, which was of a highly infective nature, was conducted. Methods: Throat swabs were carried out and a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed to identify possible causative factors. Results: The mean age of patients who had febrile illness during the study period was 20.24 years. The multiplex RT-PCR assay identified respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as the causative agent. The main symptoms were sore throat (76.0%), sputum (72.8%), cough (72.1%), tonsillar hypertrophy (67.9%), and rhinorrhea (55.9%). The mean temperature was 38.75°C and the attack rate among the recruits was 15.7% (588 out of 3750 recruits), while the mean duration of fever was 2.3 days. The prognosis was generally favorable with supportive care but recurrent fever occurred in 10.1% of the patients within a month. Conclusions: This is the first epidemiological study of an RSV outbreak that developed in a healthy young adult group. In the event of an outbreak of an acute febrile illness of a highly infective nature in facilities used by a young adult group, RSV should be considered among the possible causative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea ; Aerospace Medical Research Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Ju Yoo
- Aerospace Medical Research Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongwon, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Aerospace Medical Research Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Ho Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jai-Dong Moon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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Park WJ. Seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus IgG among healthy young adults in basic training for the Republic of Korea Air Force. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1325-7. [PMID: 25246755 PMCID: PMC4168190 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.9.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation enrolled 570 healthy young males gathered from all over the country for military service at the Republic of Korea Air Force boot camp. It confirmed RSV IgG seroprevalence by utilizing the enzyme immunoassay method just prior to undergoing basic training. The mean age of this study was 20.25 ± 1.34 yr old. The results of their immunoassay seroprofiles showed that 561 men (98.4%) were positive, 2 (0.4%) were negative and 7 (1.2%) were equivocal belonging to the grey zone. It was confirmed that RSV is a common respiratory virus and RSV infection was encountered by almost all people before reaching adulthood in Korea. Nine basic trainees belonging to the RSV IgG negative and equivocal grey zone categories were prospectively observed for any particular vulnerability to respiratory infection during the training period of two months. However, these nine men completed their basic training without developing any specific respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aerospace Medical Research Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongwon, Korea
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McCracken JP, Arvelo W, Ortíz J, Reyes L, Gray J, Estevez A, Castañeda O, Langley G, Lindblade KA. Comparative epidemiology of human metapneumovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in Guatemala. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2014; 8:414-21. [PMID: 24761765 PMCID: PMC4181800 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI), but little is known about how it compares with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Central America. Objectives In this study, we describe hospitalized cases of HMPV- and RSV-ARI in Guatemala. Methods We conducted surveillance at three hospitals (November 2007–December 2012) and tested nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for HMPV and RSV using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We calculated incidence rates, and compared the epidemiology and outcomes of HMPV-positive versus RSV-positive and RSV-HMPV-negative cases. Results We enrolled and tested specimens from 6288 ARI cases; 596 (9%) were HMPV-positive and 1485 (24%) were RSV-positive. We observed a seasonal pattern of RSV but not HMPV. The proportion HMPV-positive was low (3%) and RSV-positive high (41%) for age <1 month, whereas these proportions were similar (∼20%) by age 2 years. The annual incidence of hospitalized HMPV-ARI was 102/100 000 children aged <5 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 75–178], 2·6/100 000 persons aged 5–17 years (95%CI: 1·2–5·0), and 2·6/100 000 persons aged ≥18 years (95%CI: 1·5–4·9). Among children aged <5 years, HMPV-positive cases were less severe than HMPV-RSV-negative cases after adjustment for confounders [odds ratio (OR) for intensive care = 0·63, 95% CI 0·47–0·84]; OR for death = 0·46, 95% CI 0·23–0·92). Conclusions Human metapneumovirus is a substantial contributor to ARI hospitalization in Guatemala, but HMPV hospitalizations are less frequent than RSV and, in young children, less severe than other etiologies. Preventive interventions should take into account the wide variation in incidence by age and unpredictable timing of incidence peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P McCracken
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Jain B, Singh AK, Dangi T, Agarwal A, Verma AK, Dwivedi M, Singh KP, Jain A. High prevalence of human metapneumovirus subtype B in cases presenting as severe acute respiratory illness: an experience at tertiary care hospital. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:225-33. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ajay Kr Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anjali Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Mukesh Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Kaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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Yoo SJ, Han JU, Shin BM. Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Atypical Bacterial Pathogens in Infants with Acute Respiratory Infections Using Multiplex PCR. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2014.17.3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-U Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Moon Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is amongst the most important pathogenic infections of childhood and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although there have been extensive studies of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques, animal models and the immunobiology of infection, there is not yet a convincing and safe vaccine available. The major histopathologic characteristics of RSV infection are acute bronchiolitis, mucosal and submucosal edema, and luminal occlusion by cellular debris of sloughed epithelial cells mixed with macrophages, strands of fibrin, and some mucin. There is a single RSV serotype with two major antigenic subgroups, A and B. Strains of both subtypes often co-circulate, but usually one subtype predominates. In temperate climates, RSV infections reflect a distinct seasonality with onset in late fall or early winter. It is believed that most children will experience at least one RSV infection by the age of 2 years. There are several key animal models of RSV. These include a model in mice and, more importantly, a bovine model; the latter reflects distinct similarity to the human disease. Importantly, the prevalence of asthma is significantly higher amongst children who are hospitalized with RSV in infancy or early childhood. However, there have been only limited investigations of candidate genes that have the potential to explain this increase in susceptibility. An atopic predisposition appears to predispose to subsequent development of asthma and it is likely that subsequent development of asthma is secondary to the pathogenic inflammatory response involving cytokines, chemokines and their cognate receptors. Numerous approaches to the development of RSV vaccines are being evaluated, as are the use of newer antiviral agents to mitigate disease. There is also significant attention being placed on the potential impact of co-infection and defining the natural history of RSV. Clearly, more research is required to define the relationships between RSV bronchiolitis, other viral induced inflammatory responses, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T. Borchers
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6501, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6501, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6501, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Laurel J. Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA USA
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Epidemiology and risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring pediatric intensive care admission in Hong Kong children. Infection 2013; 42:343-50. [PMID: 24277597 PMCID: PMC7100057 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. However, there are limited data on severe RSV infection requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. This retrospective study described features of RSV-associated PICU admissions in Hong Kong and investigated factors for mortality and duration of PICU stay. METHODS Children with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection and admitted to the PICUs of all eight government hospitals in Hong Kong between January 2009 and June 2011 were identified from computerized auditing systems and PICU databases. RSV in respiratory samples was detected by direct immunofluorescence and/or viral culture. The relationships between mortality and PICU duration and demographic and clinical factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 118 (2.4 %) PICU admissions were identified among 4,912 RSV-positive pediatric cases in all hospitals. Sixty-five (55.6 %) patients were infants. PICU admissions were higher between October and March. Eight (6.8 %) patients died, but only two were infants. RSV-associated mortality was related to prior sick contact, presence of older siblings, neurodevelopmental conditions, chromosomal and genetic diseases, and bacterial co-infections, but none was significant following logistic regression analyses (odds ratio 9.36, 95 % confidence interval 0.91-96.03 for prior sick contact, p = 0.060). Chronic lung disease was the only risk factor for the duration of PICU admission (β = 0.218, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The majority of RSV-infected children do not require PICU support. There is winter seasonality for RSV-associated PICU admission in Hong Kong. Prior sick contact is the only risk factor for RSV-associated mortality, whereas the presence of chronic lung disease is associated with longer PICU stay. The current risk-based approach of RSV prophylaxis may not be effective in reducing severe RSV infections.
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Wu Z, Li Y, Gu J, Zheng H, Tong Y, Wu Q. Detection of viruses and atypical bacteria associated with acute respiratory infection of children in Hubei, China. Respirology 2013; 19:218-224. [PMID: 24251768 PMCID: PMC7169177 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Acute respiratory infection is the major cause of disease and death in children, particularly in developing countries. However, the spectrum of pathogenic viruses and atypical bacteria that exist in many of these countries remains incompletely characterized. The aim of this study was to examine the spectrum of pathogenic viruses and atypical bacteria associated with acute respiratory infection in children under the age of 16. Methods A total of 10 435 serum sera specimens were collected from hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect immunoglobulin M antibodies against nine common pathogens: mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, influenza virus A, legionella pneumophila, coxiella burnetii and chamydophila pneumonia. Results Of the 10 435 specimens examined, 7046 tested positive for at least one pathogen. Among all of the tested pathogens, mycoplasma pneumonia had the highest detection rate (56.9%). Influenza virus A and influenza virus B epidemics occurred during both winter and summer. The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus was higher in spring. Cases of mixed infection were more complex: 4136 specimens (39.6%) tested positive for ≥2 pathogens. There were statistically significant difference in detection rates of mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, influenza virus A, legionella pneumophila and chamydophila pneumonia among different age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The most common pathogens causing acute respiratory infection among children in Hubei of China were mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza virus B and respiratory syncytial virus. The detection rates for each pathogen displayed specific seasonal and age group variations. Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect immunoglobulin M antibodies against nine pathogens to provide an important dataset for use in clinical diagnoses and the development of more effective therapeutic regimens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zegang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang C, Zhu N, Xie Z, Lu R, He B, Liu C, Ma X, Tan W. Viral etiology and clinical profiles of children with severe acute respiratory infections in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72606. [PMID: 23991128 PMCID: PMC3750056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No comprehensive analysis is available on the viral etiology and clinical characterization among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in China during 2009 H1N1 pandemic and post-pandemic period. Methods Cohort of 370 hospitalized children (1 to 72 months) with SARI from May 2008 to March 2010 was enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) specimens were tested by a commercial assay for 18 respiratory viral targets. The viral distribution and its association with clinical character were statistically analyzed. Results Viral pathogen was detected in 350 (94.29%) of children with SARI. Overall, the most popular viruses were: enterovirus/rhinovirus (EV/RV) (54.05%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (51.08%), human bocavirus (BoCA) (33.78%), human parainfluenzaviruse type 3 (PIV3) (15.41%), and adenovirus (ADV) (12.97%). Pandemic H1N1 was the dominant influenza virus (IFV) but was only detected in 20 (5.41%) of children. Moreover, detection rate of RSV and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among suburb participants were significantly higher than that of urban area (P<0.05). Incidence of VSARI among suburb participants was also significant higher, especially among those of 24 to 59 months group (P<0.05). Conclusion Piconaviruses (EV/RV) and paramyxoviruses are the most popular viral pathogens among children with SARI in this study. RSV and hMPV significantly increase the risk of SARI, especially in children younger than 24 months. Higher incidence of VSARI and more susceptibilities to RSV and hMPV infections were found in suburban patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Child and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Roujian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
- Huainan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Child and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WT); (XM)
| | - Wenjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WT); (XM)
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Rapid Detection of Acute Respiratory Virus and Atypical Bacteria Infections in Children. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Li H, Wei Q, Tan A, Wang L. Epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in Zhuhai, China. Virol J 2013; 10:143. [PMID: 23651577 PMCID: PMC3655035 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-like illnesses (ILI), a subset of acute respiratory infections (ARI), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ILI can be caused by numerous pathogens, however; there is limited information on the etiology and epidemiology of ILI in China. METHODS We performed a one-year surveillance study (2010) of viral etiology causing ILI and investigated the influence of climate on outbreaks of ILI attributed to viruses at the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People's Hospital in Zhuhai, China. RESULTS Of the 337,272 outpatients who sought attention in the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People's Hospital in 2010, 3,747 (1.11%) presented with ILI. Of these patients presenting with ILI, 24.66% (924/3,747) had available samples and were enrolled in this study. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 411 patients (44.48%) and 42 (4.55%) were co-infected with two viruses. In patients co-infected with two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 50% (21/42). Among common viral pathogens detected, significant differences in age distributions were observed in seasonal influenza virus A (sFulA, H3N2) and B (sFluB), pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza viruses (H1N1pdm09), RSV, and adenovirus (ADV). Infections with sFluA (H3N2), sFluB, RSV, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) had characteristic seasonal patterns. The incidences of sFluA (H3N2), ADV, and RSV correlated with air temperature. Alternatively, the incidence of sFluB correlated with relative air humidity. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a wide range of respiratory viral pathogens are circulating in Zhuhai city. This information needs to be considered by clinicians when treating patients presenting with ILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Quande Wei
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Aijun Tan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Almasri M, Papa A, Souliou E, Haidopoulou K, Eboriadou M. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children older than 2 years with community-acquired pneumonia. Hippokratia 2013; 17:146-149. [PMID: 24376320 PMCID: PMC3743619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of RSV in children >2 years old hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to type the circulating RSV strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum and throat swab samples were taken upon admission from Greek children aged > 2 years, hospitalized with atypical CAP, and when possible, a second serum sample was also taken. RSV IgG and IgM antibodies were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while throat swab samples were tested by nested RT-PCR. Additional serological testing was performed to find out probable co-infections. RESULTS A total of 101 children with atypical CAP were included in the study, aged 2.5-14 years (median 8.25). RSV IgM antibodies were detected in 21 (20.7%) cases, either in the first or/and in the second serum sample, while RSV genome was detected in 11 out of 15 (73%) IgM-positive patients, which were further tested by PCR. PCR-positive results were obtained up to the 7(th) day of illness. Among the 11 cases, one was of type B, and all the rest were of type A. The median age of the RSV-positive children was 4 years (range 3-13 years). Although RSV was detected in all seasons, the majority of cases (31%) were detected in winter. Co-infection was detected in 3 cases (two with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and one with adenovirus). CONCLUSIONS Apart from the known role of RSV as the most important pathogen causing acute respiratory disease in infants and young children, it is also a significant viral pathogen in older children hospitalized because of CAP. Genetic typing provides further insight into the epidemiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Almasri
- Department of Microbiology of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; Biology and Biotechnology Department of Science Faculty, An Najah National University of Nablus, Nablus, West Bank, Palestinian Authority
| | - A Papa
- Department of Microbiology of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Souliou
- Department of Microbiology of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Haidopoulou
- Fourth Department of Paediatrics of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Eboriadou
- Fourth Department of Paediatrics of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen ZR, Ji W, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Shao XJ, Zhang XL, Xu J. Etiology of acute bronchiolitis and the relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized infants in China. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 113:463-9. [PMID: 24961189 PMCID: PMC7173297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose To investigate the prevalence of common viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis and study the relationship between bronchiolitis and meteorological conditions. Methods A 2-year prospective study was conducted on infants with a first episode of bronchiolitis admitted to Respiratory Department of Suzhou Children's Hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics and meteorological conditions were obtained and analyzed. Results Pathogens were identified in 59.6% of 998 cases analyzed. The most frequent pathogen identified was respiratory syncytial virus (28.7%), followed by human bocavirus (11.6%), MP (9.0%), human parainfluenza virus-3 (7.8%), human metapneumovirus (6.6%), influenza A (3.5%), adenovirus (1.0%), and human parainfluenza virus-1 (0.3%). The clinical scores in children with MP or human metapneumovirus single infections, based on the assessment of severity of acute bronchiolitis, were significantly lower than in children with respiratory syncytial virus single infections. Respiratory syncytial virus had the strongest inverse correlation with mean temperature, followed by influenza A and human metapneumovirus. In addition, MP and human parainfluenza virus-3 showed positive correlations with mean temperature. Conclusion Although respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequent pathogen in patients in whom bronchiolitis was diagnosed, other pathogens, including newly identified viruses and MP, also play important roles in infants with bronchiolitis. Different respiratory pathogens have different traits in response to certain meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Jun Shao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Lan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Cho HJ, Shim SY, Son DW, Sun YH, Tchah H, Jeon IS. Respiratory viruses in neonates hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:49-53. [PMID: 22978535 PMCID: PMC7167731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in neonates has not been clearly studied. The aims of this study were to determine the overall distribution of respiratory viruses in neonates hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infectiosns (ALRI) and to describe the clinical characteristics of RSV infections in these neonates. METHODS From January 2009 through May 2010, neonates aged <1 month who were hospitalized with ALRI and did not have underlying disease were included in the study. Viruses were identified on multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using nasal swab samples. Clinical variables were evaluated between the RSV and non-RSV infection groups. RESULTS Of the 108 infants included in the study, 46 (42.6%) had RSV; human rhinovirus (18.5%), human parainfluenza virus 3 (7.5%), and human metapneumovirus (3.7%) were the next most common infections. Codetections accounted for 8.3% of the cases. Crowding increased the risk of RSV infection compared to the non-RSV group (OR, 16.5; P = 0.001). The RSV group had a greater incidence of dyspnea (P = 0.027), pneumonia (P < 0.001), requirement for oxygen (P < 0.001), and prolonged hospitalization (P = 0.011) than the non-RSV group. CONCLUSIONS RSV was the most common viral etiology in neonates without underlying diseases who were hospitalized with ALRI. The disease severity of RSV infection was worse than that of other detected viral infections. Strict prevention strategies should be considered in overcrowded situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Chung WJ, Kang SS, Bang KW, Chun YH, Yoon JS, Kim HH, Kim JT, Lee JS. Comparison of respiratory disease by human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2013.1.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Shil Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Won Bang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Tack Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lu G, Li J, Xie Z, Liu C, Guo L, Vernet G, Shen K, Wang J. Human metapneumovirus associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2012; 85:138-43. [PMID: 23097275 PMCID: PMC7166590 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Community‐acquired pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on the infection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) associated with pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia in China. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between July 2008 and June 2010 from 1,028 children, aged ≤16.5 years, who were diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia in Beijing, China. Reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to screen the samples for hMPV and common respiratory viruses. hMPV was detected in 6.3% of the patients with community‐acquired pneumonia. This detection rate is the third highest for a respiratory virus in children with community‐acquired pneumonia, after that of rhinovirus (30.9%) and respiratory syncytial virus (30.7%). The detection rate of hMPV in 2008/2009 (42/540, 7.8%) was significantly higher than in 2009/2010 (23/488, 4.7%; χ2 = 4.065, P = 0.044). The hMPV subtypes A2, B1, and B2 were found to co‐circulate, with A2 being most prevalent. These results indicate that hMPV plays a substantial role in pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia in China. Overall, these findings provide a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of hMPV infections. J. Med. Virol. 85:138–143, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Lu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Pathogen Biology and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Seasonal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus infections in pediatric inpatients in Southeast China. Arch Virol 2012; 158:417-24. [PMID: 23074040 PMCID: PMC7087041 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen in young children whose seasonal activity varies substantially from year to year among different populations. This study was conducted to investigate if there was a seasonal variation in the incidence of hMPV infection in young children and possible associations between hMPV infection and local meteorological parameters in Suzhou, China. A total of 6,655 children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) admitted to the Children’s Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, were tested from January 2006 to December 2009 for the presence of hMPV using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between the presence of the virus and regional meteorological conditions was analyzed by linear and multivariate regression analysis. The overall hMPV infection incidence over the four-year study was 8.2 %, 8.1 %, 12.7 % and 7.4 % per year, respectively. Four hundred eighty-eight hMPV-positive children (78.2 %) were younger than 3 years of age. hMPV infections appear to have a seasonal distribution in Suzhou. In 2006, 2007 and 2009, the peak seasons were in December to January, while in 2008, the peak of hMPV activity occurred in May. The incidence of hMPV infection was negatively correlated with the average monthly temperature and rainfall. hMPV was one of the most common viral pathogens after respiratory syncytial virus that was associated with acute respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou. hMPV infection occurred throughout the year with peaks during late winter and early spring. Climatic factors, especially monthly average temperature, may affect the prevalence of hMPV in Suzhou.
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Yahia S, Kandeel AY, Hammad E, El-Gilany AH. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in acute respiratory infection: a clinic-based study in Egypt. Indian J Pediatr 2012; 79:1323-7. [PMID: 22294269 PMCID: PMC7091199 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-011-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of Human metapneumovirus (hPMV), its epidemiological and clinical features in infants and children with respiratory infections, attending outpatients' clinic of Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH). METHODS After taking history, clinical examination and appropriate investigations, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 600 infants and children with symptoms and signs of respiratory infections. Samples were examined by RT-PCR for hMPV. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hMPV infection among studied patients was 8% (95% = 6.1-10.4). The rate was significantly higher among children aged 2-24 mo compared to other age groups (11.9% vs. 3.7% and 4.0% for 2-24, 25-60, 61-108 mo respectively). Also it was significantly higher among females than males (12.6% vs. 6.6%). Cough, wheezing, rhinorrhea, fever and chest wall retraction were the most frequent presentations (81.2%, 68.8%, 66.7%, 64.6% and 56.3%; respectively). Antibiotics, bronchodilators and oxygen administration were the most common treatments offered (60.4%, 31.2% and 27.1%; respectively). CONCLUSIONS hMPV is an emerging cause of acute respiratory infection in Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH), and may have a significant clinical impact on infants and children and thus, must be considered in etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier Yahia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Barari Sawadkohi R, Mohammadzade I, Mohammadpour-Mir A, Poor Nasrollah M, Valipour M, Hosseinzadeh F, Saeedi F. Prevalence of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Amirkola Children's hospital, Northern Iran during March 2008-March 2010. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 14:680-3. [PMID: 23285422 PMCID: PMC3518987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Barari Sawadkohi
- Pediatric infectious disease specialist, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran,Correspondence: Rahim Barari Sawadkohi, MD. Address: No 19 Shafa street, Amirkola children’s hospital, Amirkola, Babol, Iran. Tel.: 4731741151, E-mail:
| | - I Mohammadzade
- Allergy and immunology specialist, Non- Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - A Mohammadpour-Mir
- Pediatric infectious disease specialist, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - M Poor Nasrollah
- Pathologist, Non-Communicable pediatric diseases research center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - M Valipour
- General physician, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - F Hosseinzadeh
- Midwife, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - F Saeedi
- Medical student, Student Research Committee,Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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Kim CK, Callaway Z, Fujisawa T. Infection, eosinophilia and childhood asthma. Asia Pac Allergy 2012; 2:3-14. [PMID: 22348202 PMCID: PMC3269599 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing list of viruses and bacteria associated with wheezing illness and asthma. It is well known that a few of these pathogens are strongly associated with wheezing illness and asthma exacerbations. What is not known is if early childhood infections with these pathogens cause asthma, and, if so, exactly what are the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind its development. The current consensus is respiratory infection works together with allergy to produce the immune and physiologic conditions necessary for asthma diasthesis. One link between respiratory infection and asthma may be the eosinophil, a cell that plays prominently in asthma and allergy, but can also be found in the body in response to infection. In turn, the eosinophil and its associated products may be novel therapeutic targets, or at the very least used to elucidate the complex pathophysiologic pathways of asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Together or separately, they can also be used for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. The optimal care of a patient must take into consideration not only symptoms, but also the underlying disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Keun Kim
- Asthma & Allergy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 139-707, Korea
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Park KH, Shin JH, Lee EH, Seo WH, Kim YK, Song DJ, Choi BM, Choung JT, Hong YS. Seasonal Variations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection among the Children under 60 Months of Age with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the Capital Area, the Republic of Korea, 2008-2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5385/jksn.2012.19.4.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Cha Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Cha Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hui Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Choung
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sook Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HR, Cho AR, Lee MK, Yun SW, Kim TH. Genotype variability and clinical features of human metapneumovirus isolated from Korean children, 2007 to 2010. J Mol Diagn 2011; 14:61-4. [PMID: 22056628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the genotype variability of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and its circulation pattern over a 3.5-year period, and to evaluate its clinical characteristics in Korean children. We investigated 4599 pediatric patients who were referred for a routine respiratory virus test by RT-PCR. hMPV genotype analyses were performed using a nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Clinical and laboratory data obtained from medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 4599 samples tested, 325 (7.1%) were positive for hMPV, and the co-infection rate among these 325 was 16%. Nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis clearly identified four of the five hMPV genotypes (A2a, A2b, B1, and B2) in 97.8%. The predominant genotype of hMPV changed over the 3.5-year study period from genotype A2a to B2 and then back to A2a. The most common genotype was A2a (214/325, 65.8%). Evidence of recurrent infection was obtained in one child only. Lymphocytosis was more frequent in children with a co-infection, but sputum production was less frequent than in children with a single infection. In genotype A2a hMPV-infected children, sneezing and neutrophilia were more frequent than in genotype B1 or B2 hMPV-infected children. This study broadens knowledge regarding the prevalence, the seasonal incidence, the occurrences of co-infection and re-infection, and the genotype diversity of hMPV in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Heydarian F, Behmanesh F, Daluee M, Kianifar H, Hematian M. The role of zinc sulfate in acute bronchiolitis in patients aged 2 to 23 months. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2011; 21:231-4. [PMID: 23056793 PMCID: PMC3446156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating the effect of zinc sulfate in improving the clinical manifestations of acute bronchiolitis in children younger than 2 years. METHODS This was a double blind pilot trial on 50 patients aged 2 to 23 months at Ghaem and Dr. Sheikh Hospitals in Mashhad from January 2008 to March 2009. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: a case group received oral zinc sulfate and to the control group was given placebo. FINDINGS Mean age of case group was 168.0±108.6 days and control group 169.2±90.4 days (P=0.98) with male predominance in both groups. At first there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in reducing the symptoms. But 24 hours after treating, improvement of some important manifestations including tachypnea, subcostal and intercostal retraction, wheezing and cyanosis revealed statistically significant difference in control group in comparison with case group (P=0.04). CONCLUSION Zinc sulfate has no benefit in improving clinical manifestations of acute bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Heydarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Address: Pediatrics Ward, Ghaem hospital, Ahmad Abad St, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Behmanesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadkhaje Daluee
- Department of Social Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kianifar
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lu G, Gonzalez R, Guo L, Wu C, Wu J, Vernet G, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Wang J, Hung T. Large-scale seroprevalence analysis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections in Beijing, China. Virol J 2011; 8:62. [PMID: 21310026 PMCID: PMC3046927 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently identified virus, causes acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in infants and children. However, studies on the seroepidemeology of hMPV are very limited in China. To assess the seroprevalence of hMPV infection in China, we tested a total of 1,156 serum specimens for the presence of anti-hMPV IgG antibody in children and adults free of acute respiratory illness in Beijing, China by using hMPV nucleocapsid (N) protein as an antigen. As a control, we used the human serum antibody against the N protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the most important viral agent responsible for ARIs in children. Results The seropositive rate for hMPV increased steadily with age from 67% at 1-6 mo to 100% at age 20. However, the rate dropped slightly between 6 mo and 1 yr of age. The seropositive rate for hRSV also increased steadily with age from 71% at 1-6 mo to 100% at age 20. In children aged six months to six years, the seropositive rates for the anti-hRSV IgG antibody were significantly higher than those for hMPV. Additionally, IgG antibody titers to hMPV and hRSV were significantly higher in adults than in young children. Consistent with the seropositive rates, the geometric mean titer of anti-hMPV IgG antibody was lower than that of anti-hRSV IgG antibody in children aged six months to six years. Conclusions Our results indicate that similar to hRSV, exposure to hMPV is ubiquitous in the Beijing population. However, the seroprevalence of anti-hMPV IgG antibody is lower than that of hRSV in children between six months and six years old, which suggests a different number of repeat infections or a different response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100730, China
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Yoo JY, Eun JY, Lee EJ, Kim TH, Choo EJ, Jeon MH. A Case of Human Metapneumovirus Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Adult Patient Mimicking with Influenza (A/H1N1-2009) Pandemic. Infect Chemother 2011. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2011.43.2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Choo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Callaway Z, Kim CK. Respiratory viruses, eosinophilia and their roles in childhood asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010; 155:1-11. [PMID: 21109743 DOI: 10.1159/000319842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of highly sensitive and specific screening of respiratory specimens for viruses, new viruses are discovered, adding to the growing list of those associated with wheezing illness and asthma exacerbations. It is not known whether early childhood infections with these viruses cause asthma, and, if so, what exactly are the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind its development. The current consensus is that respiratory viral infection works together with allergy to produce the immune and physiologic conditions necessary for asthma diasthesis. One link between viruses and asthma may be the eosinophil, a cell that plays a prominent role in asthma and allergy, but can also be found in the body in response to viral infection. In turn, the eosinophil and its associated products may be novel therapeutic targets, or at the very least, used to elucidate the complex pathophysiologic pathways of asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Together or separately, they can be used for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Not only symptoms, but also the underlying disease mechanisms must be taken into consideration for the optimal care of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Callaway
- Department of Pediatrics, Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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