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Wang Q, Guo C, Wang T, Shuai P, Wu W, Huang S, Li Y, Zhao P, Zeng C, Yi L. Drug protection against radiation-induced neurological injury: mechanisms and developments. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03933-w. [PMID: 39724149 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
In daily life, individuals are frequently exposed to various forms of radiation, which, when adhering to safety standards, typically result in relatively minor health effects. However, accidental exposure to radiation levels that exceed these safety standards can lead to significant health consequences. This study focuses on the analysis of radiation-induced damage to the nervous system and the mechanisms of pharmacological protection. The findings indicate that radiation can adversely affect neural structures, memory, and neurobehaviour. A range of pharmacological agents, including traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine, and other therapeutic drugs, can be employed to safeguard the nervous system from radiation damage. The primary protective mechanisms of these agents encompass antioxidant effects, attenuation of apoptosis, and reduction of neurogenesis. A comprehensive review of these topics will offer new insights for the development and investigation of drugs aimed at mitigating radiation-induced damage to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Caimao Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peimeng Shuai
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chengkai Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Yasuda H, Fumoto H, Saito T, Sugawara SE, Tsuchida S. Consideration on the Intergenerational Ethics on Uranium Waste Disposal. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:318-328. [PMID: 38538904 PMCID: PMC11082028 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides insights into resolving intergenerational issues related to the disposal of waste containing high amounts of uranium (uranium waste), from which distant future generations will have higher health risks than the current generation. RECENT FINDINGS Uranium (half-life: 4.5 billion years) produces various progeny radionuclides through radioactive decay over the long term, and its radioactivity, as the sum of its contributions, continues to increase for more than 100,000 years. In contrast to high-level radioactive wastes, protective measures, such as attenuation of radiation and confinement of radionuclides from the disposal facility, cannot work effectively for uranium waste. Thus, additional considerations from the perspective of intergenerational ethics are needed in the strategy for uranium waste disposal. The current generation, which has benefited from the use and disposal of uranium waste, is responsible for protecting future generations from the potential risk of buried uranium beyond the lifetime of a disposal facility. Fulfilling this responsibility means making more creative efforts to convey critical information on buried materials to the distant future to ensure that future generations can properly take measures to reduce the harm by themselves in response to changing circumstances including people's values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yasuda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1 Kasumi 2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Fumoto
- Japan Inspection Co. Ltd., 2-9-1 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Saito
- , 4-49 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Naka-gun, 319-1112, Japan
| | - Shin-Etsu Sugawara
- Faculty of Societal Safety Sciences, Kansai University, Hakubai-cho 7-1, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1098, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuchida
- Faculty of Societal Safety Sciences, Kansai University, Hakubai-cho 7-1, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1098, Japan
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Lee H, Hanson HA, Logan J, Maguire D, Kapadia A, Dewji S, Agasthya G. Evaluating county-level lung cancer incidence from environmental radiation exposure, PM 2.5, and other exposures with regression and machine learning models. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:82. [PMID: 38367080 PMCID: PMC10874317 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the interplay between exposures shaping the human exposome is vital for uncovering the etiology of complex diseases. For example, cancer risk is modified by a range of multifactorial external environmental exposures. Environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors all shape lung cancer risk. However, epidemiological studies of radon aimed at identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer often fail to consider multiple exposures simultaneously. For example, moderating factors, such as PM2.5, may affect the transport of radon progeny to lung tissue. This ecological analysis leveraged a population-level dataset from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results data (2013-17) to simultaneously investigate the effect of multiple sources of low-dose radiation (gross [Formula: see text] activity and indoor radon) and PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence rates in the USA. County-level factors (environmental, sociodemographic, lifestyle) were controlled for, and Poisson regression and random forest models were used to assess the association between radon exposure and lung and bronchus cancer incidence rates. Tree-based machine learning (ML) method perform better than traditional regression: Poisson regression: 6.29/7.13 (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE), 12.70/12.77 (root mean square error, RMSE); Poisson random forest regression: 1.22/1.16 (MAPE), 8.01/8.15 (RMSE). The effect of PM2.5 increased with the concentration of environmental radon, thereby confirming findings from previous studies that investigated the possible synergistic effect of radon and PM2.5 on health outcomes. In summary, the results demonstrated (1) a need to consider multiple environmental exposures when assessing radon exposure's association with lung cancer risk, thereby highlighting (1) the importance of an exposomics framework and (2) that employing ML models may capture the complex interplay between environmental exposures and health, as in the case of indoor radon exposure and lung cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heechan Lee
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Jeremy Logan
- Data Engineering Group, Data and AI Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Dakotah Maguire
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Anuj Kapadia
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Shaheen Dewji
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Greeshma Agasthya
- Advanced Computing for Health Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Santocono C, Guarino D, Laudiero M, Calabrese EJ. The challenges of defining hormesis in epidemiological studies: The case of radiation hormesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166030. [PMID: 37544458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current radiation protection system, preventive measures and occupational exposure limits for controlling occupational exposure to ionizing radiation are based on the linear no-threshold extrapolation model. However, currently an increasing body of evidence indicates that this paradigm predicts very poorly biological responses in the low-dose exposure region. In addition, several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the presence of hormetic dose response curves correlated to ionizing radiation low exposure. In this regard, it is noteworthy that also the findings of different epidemiological studies, conducted in different categories of occupationally exposed workers (e.g., healthcare, nuclear industrial and aircrew workers), observed lower rates of mortality and/or morbidity from cancer and/or other diseases in exposed workers than in unexposed ones or in the general population, then suggesting the possible occurrence of hormesis. Nevertheless, these results should be considered with caution since the identification of hormetic response in epidemiological studies is rather challenging because of a number of major limitations. In this regard, some of the most remarkable shortcomings found in epidemiological studies performed in workers exposed to ionizing radiation are represented by lack or inadequate definition of exposure doses, use of surrogates of exposure, narrow dose ranges, lack of proper control groups and poor evaluation of confounding factors. Therefore, considering the valuable role and contribution that epidemiological studies might provide to the complex risk assessment and management process, there is a clear and urgent need to overcome the aforementioned limits in order to achieve an adequate, useful and more real-life risk assessment that should also include the key concept of hormesis. Thus, in the present conceptual article we also discuss and provide possible approaches to improve the capacity of epidemiological studies to identify/define the hormetic response and consequently improve the complex process of risk assessment of ionizing radiation at low exposure doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Santocono
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Guarino
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Laudiero
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Ahmad IM, Bartenhagen L, Michael K, Abdalla MY. Redox dysregulation in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:190-196. [PMID: 37703210 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2258194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Imaging professionals are occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR). This study aimed to investigate the influence of occupational radiation exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels based on blood biomarkers in different hospital imaging professional groups.Materials and methods: The study groups included 66 imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR (n = 58, 43 diagnostic radiography (G1), seven nuclear medicine (G2), eight radiation therapy (G3)), and NIR (n = 8, ultrasound imaging (G4)) and 60 non-exposed controls. Blood levels of superoxide (O2•-) as an index of oxidative stress, and the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and catalase (CAT) were measured.Results: The blood values of O2•-, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to radiation than in the control group (p < .05), while a significant decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG was observed (p < .05). The results from the NIR group were significantly higher compared to IR group.Conclusions: Based on these results, chronic exposure to radiation (IR and NIR) is associated with redox dysregulation that may result in damages to cellular biomolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of redox dysregulation and the need for periodic examination among imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR and NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lisa Bartenhagen
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kimberly Michael
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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Patel S, Jenkins P, Zhong J, Liu W, Harborne K, Modi S, Joy C, Williams R, Haslam P. Better safe than so ray: national survey of radiation protection amongst interventional radiology trainees in the United Kingdom. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20230071. [PMID: 37493155 PMCID: PMC10461283 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the provision and use of radiation personal protective equipment (PPE) and dosimetry amongst UK interventional radiology (IR) trainees and highlight areas of improvement in order to enhance the radiation safety. METHODS A survey questionnaire was designed by members of the British Society of Interventional Radiology (BSIR) trainee committee via survey monkey and distributed to UK IR trainees via the BSIR membership mailing list, local representatives and Twitter. The survey was open from 04/01/2021 to 20/02/2021. Only IR trainees in years ST4 and above were included. RESULTS Of the 73 respondents, 62 qualified for analysis. Respondents (81% male) spent a median of 5.5 sessions (half day list) per week in the angiography suite and 58% (n=36) had difficulty finding appropriately sized lead aprons at least once a week. Overall 53% (n=33) had concerns about their radiation PPE. Furthermore 56% of trainees (n=35) experienced back pain among other symptoms attributed to wearing the lead aprons available to them. 77% (n=48) regularly wore lead glasses. For trainees requiring prescription glasses (n=22) overfit goggles were provided however 17 (77%) of these trainees felt the goggles compromised their ability to perform the procedure. Eye and finger dosimeters were used by 50% and 52% of respondents respectively. Compliance with body dosimetry was 99%. CONCLUSION Provision of radiation PPE and dose monitoring for IR trainees is suboptimal, particularly access to adequate eye protection or suitably fitting leads. Based on the findings of this survey, recommendations have been made to promote the safety and radiation awareness of IR trainees. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Radiation protection practices for IR trainees nationally are poor. Provision of suitable eye protection and well fitting lead body protection is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W Liu
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - K Harborne
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Joy
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - R Williams
- Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Haslam
- Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
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Keenen TL, Demirel S, Gheen A, Casabarro B, Fleishman D. Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Radiation Using OEC 9900 Elite C-arm: Risk and Method for Decreasing Exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; 124:380-390. [PMID: 36880954 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in surgery produces scattered radiation that can expose all operating room personnel to measurable and, in some cases, substantial radiation doses. The goal of this work is to assess and document potential radiation doses to various staff positions in a simulated standard operating room environment. Adult-sized mannequins wearing standard lead protective aprons were placed at seven positions around large and small BMI cadavers. Doses were recorded in real time at thyroid level with Bluetooth-enabled dosimeters for a variety of fluoroscope settings and imaging views. A total of 320 images were acquired, resulting in 2,240 dosimeter readings from the seven mannequins. Doses were compared to cumulative air kerma (CAK) calculations provided by the fluoroscope. There was a strong correlation between the CAK and the recorded scattered radiation doses ( P < 0.001). Radiation doses could be reduced by manipulating C-arm manual technique settings [e.g., turning off the automatic exposure control (AEC) and using pulse (PULSE) or low dose (LD) settings]. Staff position and patient size also affected the recorded doses. The highest radiation doses were recorded across all settings for the mannequin positioned immediately adjacent to the C-arm x-ray tube. The larger BMI cadaver generated greater scattered radiation than the smaller BMI cadaver for all views and settings. This work provides suggestions for reducing exposure to operating room personnel beyond standard techniques of reducing beam-on time, increasing the distance from the radiation source, and use of shielding. Simple changes in C-arm settings (turning AEC off, avoiding DS setting, use of PULSE or LD settings) can markedly reduce dose to staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Keenen
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Dept of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Benjamin Casabarro
- Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 1050 Wishard Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Ghosh A. Biological and cellular responses of humans to high-level natural radiation: A clarion call for a fresh perspective on the linear no-threshold paradigm. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503478. [PMID: 35649671 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There remains considerable uncertainty in obtaining risk estimates of adverse health outcomes of chronic low-dose radiation. In the absence of reliable direct data, extrapolation through the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis forms the cardinal tenet of all risk assessments for low doses (≤ 100 mGy) and for the radiation protection principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). However, as recent evidences demonstrate, LNT assumptions do not appropriately reflect the biology of the cell at the low-dose end of the dose-response curve. In this regard, human populations living in high-level natural radiation areas (HLNRA) of the world can provide valuable insights into the biological and cellular effects of chronic radiation to facilitate improved precision of the dose-response relationship at low doses. Here, data obtained over decades of epidemiological and radiobiological studies on HLNRA populations is summarized. These studies do not show any evidence of unfavourable health effects or adverse cellular effects that can be correlated with high-level natural radiation. Contrary to the assumptions of LNT, no excess cancer risks or untoward pregnancy outcomes have been found to be associated with cumulative radiation dose or in-utero exposures. Molecular biology-driven studies demonstrate that chronic low-dose activates several cellular defence mechanisms that help cells to sense, recover, survive, and adapt to radiation stress. These mechanisms include stress-response signaling, DNA repair, immune alterations and most importantly, the radiation-induced adaptive response. The HLNRA data is consistent with the new evolving paradigms of low-dose radiobiology and can help develop the theoretical framework of an alternate dose-response model. A rational integration of radiobiology with epidemiology data is imperative to reduce uncertainties in predicting the potential health risks of chronic low doses of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Ghosh
- Animal House Facility & Radiation Signaling Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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Jansen MM, Koster A, van Herwaarden JA, Hazenberg CEVB. Reduction of Occupational Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease Using Radiation Absorbing Drapes. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:336-343. [PMID: 35257909 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic exposure to low dose radiation, as encountered in endovascular procedures, may impact the health of surgeons and radiologists over a timespan of several months to a lifetime. This study evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of a radiation absorbing sterile drape (RADPAD) to reduce operator exposure during the endovascular treatment of obstructive peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS Between February 2016 and September 2017, patients with PAD who received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stent placement, remote endarterectomy, or a combination thereof were included in this nonrandomized study. Patients were equally divided over a study cohort (with RADPAD) and a control cohort (without RADPAD). The unshielded body dose (E) of the staff was measured via electronic dosimeters placed at a chest height of the first operator (FO), second operator (SO), and sterile nurse (SN). A virtual maximum operator (MO) dose was constructed, yielding the highest dose per fluoroscopy run for either of the operators. Simultaneously, the dose area product (DAP) and C-arm settings for each fluoroscopy run were extracted. Staff exposures of the study cohort and control cohort were compared in terms of relative exposure (E/DAP). A secondary analysis involved an analysis of the individual fluoroscopy runs using a multivariate generalized linear mixed effect model. RESULTS In total, 49 patients were included in this study. The use of RADPAD was technically feasible. Significant reductions of relative exposure were observed when comparing the study cohort with the control cohort. The relative exposure of the FO was reduced with 66.5% (1.82 vs. 0.61 μSv/Gycm2, P < 0.001), the relative exposure of the SO with 68.3% (0.55 vs. 0.17 μSv/Gycm2, P = 0.02), and the relative exposure of the MO with 65.8% (2.06 vs. 0.71 μSv/Gycm2, P < 0.001). Dose levels of SN were too low to draw conclusions under the current sample size. The multivariate generalized linear mixed effect model showed a significant correlation between absolute exposure of the MO and the use of the RADPAD (odds: 0.51, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Usage of a radiation absorbing drape (RADPAD) during endovascular treatment of PAD results in statistically significant reduction in a relative operator dose while presenting no drawbacks. The use of these drapes is advised in future peripheral endovascular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes M Jansen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Arjan Koster
- Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Joost A van Herwaarden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Nugent TS, Low EZ, Fahy MR, Donlon NE, McCormick PH, Mehigan BJ, Cunningham M, Gillham C, Kavanagh DO, Kelly ME, Larkin JO. Prostate radiotherapy and the risk of secondary rectal cancer-a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:437-447. [PMID: 35037077 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of prostate cancer. However, ionising radiation may confer a small risk of a radiation-induced secondary malignancy. We aim to assess the risk of rectal cancer following pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS A search was conducted of the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases identifying studies reporting on the risk of rectal cancer following prostatic radiotherapy. Studies must have included an appropriate control group of non-irradiated prostate cancer patients. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of prostatic radiotherapy on subsequent rectal cancer diagnosis. RESULTS In total, 4757 articles were screened with eight studies meeting the predetermined criteria. A total of 796,386 patients were included in this meta-analysis which showed an increased odds ratio (OR) for subsequent rectal cancer in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy compared to those treated by non-radiotherapy means (OR 1.45, 1.07-1.97, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings confirm that prostate radiotherapy significantly increases the risk of subsequent rectal cancer. This risk has implications for treatment selection, surveillance and patient counselling. However, it is crucial that this information is presented in a rational and comprehensible manner that does not disproportionately frighten or deter patients from what might be their most suitable treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Nugent
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Ernest Z Low
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Matthew R Fahy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul H McCormick
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Brian J Mehigan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Moya Cunningham
- Department of Radiotherapy, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Charles Gillham
- Department of Radiotherapy, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Dara O Kavanagh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John O Larkin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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11
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Boyd A, Byrne S, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Liu GJ. Control of Neuroinflammation through Radiation-Induced Microglial Changes. Cells 2021; 10:2381. [PMID: 34572030 PMCID: PMC8468704 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in many diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It is well documented that microglial activation, initiated by a variety of stressors, can trigger a potentially destructive neuroinflammatory response via the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects that microglia are also thought to exhibit have been under-investigated. The application of ionising radiation at different doses and dose schedules may reveal novel methods for the control of microglial response to stressors, potentially highlighting avenues for treatment of neuroinflammation associated CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. There remains a need to characterise the response of microglia to radiation, particularly low dose ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boyd
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Sarah Byrne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Ryan J. Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Richard B. Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
- Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
- Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Khan AUH, Blimkie M, Yang DS, Serran M, Pack T, Wu J, Kang JY, Laakso H, Lee SH, Le Y. Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Internal Radiation on Immune-Stimulatory Responses in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7303. [PMID: 34298925 PMCID: PMC8306076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linear-No-Threshold (LNT) model predicts a dose-dependent linear increase in cancer risk. This has been supported by biological and epidemiological studies at high-dose exposures. However, at low-doses (LDR ≤ 0.1 Gy), the effects are more elusive and demonstrate a deviation from linearity. In this study, the effects of LDR on the development and progression of mammary cancer in FVB/N-Tg(MMTVneu)202Mul/J mice were investigated. Animals were chronically exposed to total doses of 10, 100, and 2000 mGy via tritiated drinking water, and were assessed at 3.5, 6, and 8 months of age. Results indicated an increased proportion of NK cells in various organs of LDR exposed mice. LDR significantly influenced NK and T cell function and activation, despite diminishing cell proliferation. Notably, the expression of NKG2D receptor on NK cells was dramatically reduced at 3.5 months but was upregulated at later time-points, while the expression of NKG2D ligand followed the opposite trend, with an increase at 3.5 months and a decrease thereafter. No noticeable impact was observed on mammary cancer development, as measured by tumor load. Our results demonstrated that LDR significantly influenced the proportion, proliferation, activation, and function of immune cells. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that LDR modulates the cross-talk between the NKG2D receptor and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Melinda Blimkie
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Doo Seok Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Mandy Serran
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Tyler Pack
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Jin Wu
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Holly Laakso
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd., Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada; (M.B.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Centre for Infection, The University of Ottawa, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yevgeniya Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (A.U.H.K.); (D.S.Y.); (J.-Y.K.)
- CANDU Owners Group Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2K4, Canada
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13
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Konkova M, Abramova M, Kalianov A, Ershova E, Dolgikh O, Umriukhin P, Izhevskaya V, Kutsev S, Veiko N, Kostyuk S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Early Response to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:584497. [PMID: 33381502 PMCID: PMC7767887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are applied as the therapeutic agents, e.g., in the tumor radiation therapy. Purpose of the Study To evaluate the human adipose MSC early response to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Materials and Methods We investigated different LDIR (3, 10, and 50 cGy) effects on reactive oxygen species production, DNA oxidation (marker 8-oxodG), and DNA breaks (marker ɣ H2AX) in the two lines of human adipose MSC. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and fluorescence microscopy, we determined expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress development (NOX4), antioxidative response (NRF2), antiapoptotic and proapoptotic response (BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BIRC2, BIRC3, and BAX1), in the development of the nuclear DNA damage response (DDR) (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and P53). Cell cycle changes were investigated by genes transcription changes (CCND1, CDKN2A, and CDKN1A) and using proliferation markers KI-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results Fifteen to 120 min after exposure to LDIR in MSCs, transient oxidative stress and apoptosis of the most damaged cells against the background of the cell cycle arrest were induced. Simultaneously, DDR and an antiapoptotic response were found in other cells of the population. The 10-cGy dose causes the strongest and fastest DDR following cell nuclei DNA damage. The 3-cGy dose induces a less noticeable and prolonged response. The maximal low range dose, 50 cGy, causes a damaging effect on the MSCs. Conclusion Transient oxidative stress and the death of a small fraction of the damaged cells are essential components of the MSC population response to LDIR along with the development of DDR and antiapoptotic response. A scheme describing the early MSC response to LDIR is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konkova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Abramova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kalianov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ershova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dolgikh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Umriukhin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Izhevskaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kutsev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Veiko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kostyuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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Cuiju W, Shibiao S, Ying T, Rongzong L, Haijuan X, Huifeng C, Tianjian W. IL-2 and IL-2R gene polymorphisms and immune function in people residing in areas with high background radiation, Yangjiang, China. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1466-1472. [PMID: 32910717 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term exposure to low dose radiation may trigger immune response and stimulate hormesis. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) play a crucial role in immune function. We aimed to explore the possible association of IL-2 and IL-2R gene polymorphisms with low dose radiation exposure, as well as the relationship with IL-2 gene expression in people residing in areas with a high background radiation in Yangjiang, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited and assigned 54 native men residing in Yangxi County, Yangjiang city to the high natural background radiation (HNBR) group, and 53 native men residing in Hengpi County, Enping city to the control area (CA) group. All the participants wore a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) for 90 days, and answered questionnaires. The serum levels of IL2, IL4, IL5, sIL2R, and tumor growth factor (TGF), and expression levels of IL2RA, IL2RB, IL2RG, and IL2 were also analyzed. Additionally, we tested 10 polymorphic loci associated with the IL-2 gene. RESULTS The annual effective radiation doses in the HNBR and CA groups were 6.24 mSv y-1 and 1.95 mSv y-1, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5 were higher in the HNBR group than the CA group (p < .05), while the serum level of TGFβ was lower in the HNBR group (p < .05). The IL-2 gene mRNA expression level was higher in the HNBR group than the CA group (p < .05). The IL-2RB rs76206423 AA allele showed significant variations in the HNBR group (p = .0381). CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to low dose radiation may enhance immune function, and IL-2RB rs76206423 may be related to the expression of IL-2 by other coding variants. Moreover, our data provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the immune response to low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cuiju
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Shibiao
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Ying
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Rongzong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Haijuan
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Huifeng
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Tianjian
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
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15
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Sebastià N, Olivares-González L, Montoro A, Barquinero JF, Canyada-Martinez AJ, Hervás D, Gras P, Villaescusa JI, Martí-Bonmatí L, Muresan BT, Soriano JM, Campayo JM, Andani J, Alonso O, Rodrigo R. Redox Status, Dose and Antioxidant Intake in Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090778. [PMID: 32825731 PMCID: PMC7554777 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blood redox status, dose and antioxidant dietary intake of different hospital staff groups exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR) (Interventional Radiology and Cardiology, Radiation Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine) and non-exposed. Personal dose equivalent (from last year and cumulative), plasma antioxidant markers (total antioxidant capacity, extracellular superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio), oxidative stress markers (nitrites and nitrates, and lipid peroxidation) and dietary intake (antioxidant capacity using ORAC values) were collected and analyzed from 28 non-exposed healthcare workers and 42 healthcare workers exposed to LDIR. Hospital staff exposed to LDIR presented a redox imbalance in blood that seems to correlate with dose. Workers from the Nuclear Medicine Unit were the most affected group with the lowest value of plasma antioxidant response and the highest value of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS (indicator of lipid peroxidation) of all four groups. Cumulative personal dose equivalent positively correlated with nitrites and negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity in blood. The diet of healthcare workers from Nuclear Medicine Unit had higher ORAC values than the diet of non-exposed. Therefore, occupational exposure to LDIR, especially for the Nuclear Medicine Unit, seems to produce an imbalanced redox status in blood that would correlate with cumulative personal dose equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Sebastià
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lorena Olivares-González
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Visual Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Research Center Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joan-Francesc Barquinero
- Biological Anthropology Unit Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Antonio José Canyada-Martinez
- Biostatistics Unit, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.J.C.-M.); (D.H.)
| | - David Hervás
- Biostatistics Unit, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.J.C.-M.); (D.H.)
| | - Pilar Gras
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Juan Ignacio Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Service of Radiology, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bianca Tabita Muresan
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
| | - José Miguel Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, Parc Científic, Catedrático Agustín Escardino, Paterna (Valencia), University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Campayo
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Joaquin Andani
- Service of Occupational Risk Prevention, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oscar Alonso
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Hospital U. P. La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (N.S.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (J.I.V.); (B.T.M.); (J.M.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Visual Disorders, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Research Center Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit of Rare Diseases, CIPF-Health Research Institute La Fe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-328-9680
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Choi JI. Prospects on the increase of radiological examinations in Korea. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2020.63.3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Il Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Oxidized Cell-Free DNA Is a Factor of Stress Signaling in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects in Different Types of Human Cells. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:9467029. [PMID: 31531341 PMCID: PMC6721096 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9467029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathology or under damaging conditions, the properties of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) change. An example of such change is GC enrichment, which drastically alters the biological properties of cfDNA. GC-rich cfDNA is a factor of stress signaling, whereas genomic cfDNA is biologically inactive. GC-rich cfDNA stimulates TLR9-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade, leading to an increase in proinflammatory cytokine levels in the organism. In addition, GC-rich DNA is prone to oxidation and oxidized cfDNA can stimulate secondary oxidative stress. This article is a review of works dedicated to the investigation of a low-dose ionizing radiation effect, a bystander effect, and the role of cfDNA in both of these processes.
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Gamma Radiation-Induced Disruption of Cellular Junctions in HUVECs Is Mediated through Affecting MAPK/NF- κB Inflammatory Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1486232. [PMID: 31467629 PMCID: PMC6701340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1486232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been well documented. However, the mechanisms of CVD genesis are still not fully understood. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to gamma irradiation at different doses ranging from 0.2 Gy to 5 Gy. Cell viability, migration ability, permeability, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, inflammation, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) pathway activation were evaluated postirradiation. It was found that gamma irradiation at doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 5 Gy inhibited the migration ability of HUVECs without any significant effects on cell viability at 6 h and 24 h postirradiation. The decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased permeability, and disruption of cellular junctions were observed in HUVECs after gamma irradiation accompanied by the lower levels of junction-related proteins such as ZO-1, occludin, vascular endothelial- (VE-) cadherin, and connexin 40. The enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stresses, e.g., ROS and NO2 - levels and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were demonstrated in HUVECs after gamma irradiation. Western blot results showed that protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway molecules p38, p53, p21, and p27 increased after gamma irradiation, which further induced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. BAY 11-7085, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, was demonstrated to partially block the effects of gamma radiation in HUVECs examined by TEER and FITC-dextran permeability assay. We therefore concluded that the gamma irradiation-induced disruption of cellular junctions in HUVECs was through the inflammatory MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Park J, Kwon T, Lee SS, Jin YW, Seong KM. Mapping the research trends on the biological effects of radiation less than 100 mSv: a bibliometric analysis for 30 years publication. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:527-536. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1552373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Park
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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20
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The LNT model for cancer induction is not supported by radiobiological data. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:34-53. [PMID: 30763552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer have been the focus of much research and have influenced the development of risk models for radiation-induced cancer. However, natural defenses against cancer, which constitute the hallmarks of cancer prevention, have largely been neglected in developing cancer risk models. These natural defenses are enhanced by low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation, which has aided in the continuation of human life over many generations. Our natural defenses operate at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-body levels and include epigenetically regulated (epiregulated) DNA damage repair and antioxidant production, selective p53-independent apoptosis of aberrant cells (e.g. neoplastically transformed and tumor cells), suppression of cancer-promoting inflammation, and anticancer immunity (both innate and adaptive components). This publication reviews the scientific bases for the indicated cancer-preventing natural defenses and evaluates their implication for assessing cancer risk after exposure to low radiation doses and dose rates. Based on the extensive radiobiological evidence reviewed, it is concluded that the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model (which ignores natural defenses against cancer), as it relates to cancer risk from ionizing radiation, is highly implausible. Plausible models include dose-threshold and hormetic models. More research is needed to establish when a given model (threshold, hormetic, or other) applies to a given low-dose-radiation exposure scenario.
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21
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Old Data-New Concepts: Integrating "Indirect Effects" Into Radiation Protection. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:170-178. [PMID: 29787443 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the following key question, what are the consequences of nontargeted and delayed effects for linear nonthreshold models of radiation risk? This paper considers low-dose "indirect" or nontargeted effects and how they might impact radiation protection, particularly at the level of the environment. Nontargeted effects refer to effects in cells, tissues, or organisms that were not targeted by irradiation and that did not receive direct energy deposition. They include genomic instability and lethal mutations in progeny of irradiated cells and bystander effects in neighboring cells, tissues, or organisms. Low-dose hypersensitivity and adaptive responses are sometimes included under the nontargeted effects umbrella, but these are not considered in this paper. Some concepts emerging in the nontargeted effects field that could be important include historic dose. This suggests that the initial exposure to radiation initiates the instability phenotype which is passed to progeny leading to a transgenerational radiation-response phenotype, which suggests that the system response rather than the individual response is critical in determining outcome. CONCLUSION Nontargeted effects need to be considered, and modeling, experimental, and epidemiological approaches could all be used to determine the impact of nontargeted effects on the currently used linear nonthreshold model in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- 1Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Roch-Lefèvre S, Grégoire E, Martin-Bodiot C, Flegal M, Fréneau A, Blimkie M, Bannister L, Wyatt H, Barquinero JF, Roy L, Benadjaoud M, Priest N, Jourdain JR, Klokov D. Cytogenetic damage analysis in mice chronically exposed to low-dose internal tritium beta-particle radiation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27397-27411. [PMID: 29937993 PMCID: PMC6007944 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a comprehensive examination of potential genotoxic effects of low doses of tritium delivered chronically to mice and to compare these effects to the ones resulting from equivalent doses of gamma-irradiation. Mice were chronically exposed for one or eight months to either tritiated water (HTO) or organically bound tritium (OBT) in drinking water at concentrations of 10 kBq/L, 1 MBq/L or 20 MBq/L. Dose rates of internal β-particle resulting from such tritium treatments were calculated and matching external gamma-exposures were carried out. We measured cytogenetic damage in bone marrow and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the cumulative tritium doses (0.009 - 181 mGy) were used to evaluate the dose-response of OBT in PBLs, as well as its relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Neither tritium, nor gamma exposures produced genotoxic effects in bone marrow. However, significant increases in chromosome damage rates in PBLs were found as a result of chronic OBT exposures at 1 and 20 M Bq/L, but not at 10 kBq/L. When compared to an external acute gamma-exposure ex vivo, the RBE of OBT for chromosome aberrations induction was evaluated to be significantly higher than 1 at cumulative tritium doses below 10 mGy. Although found non-existent at 10 kBq/L (the WHO limit), the genotoxic potential of low doses of tritium (>10 kBq/L), mainly OBT, may be higher than currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Roch-Lefèvre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Eric Grégoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martin-Bodiot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Matthew Flegal
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Fréneau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Melinda Blimkie
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Bannister
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Wyatt
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan-Francesc Barquinero
- Present address at: Autonomous University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biosciences, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed Benadjaoud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nick Priest
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-René Jourdain
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Direction des Affaires Internationales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistrty, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Seo S, Lim WY, Lee DN, Kim JU, Cha ES, Bang YJ, Lee WJ, Park S, Jin YW. Assessing the health effects associated with occupational radiation exposure in Korean radiation workers: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e017359. [PMID: 29602835 PMCID: PMC5884371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cancer risk of radiation exposure in the moderate-to-high dose range has been well established. However, the risk remains unclear at low-dose ranges with protracted low-dose rate exposure, which is typical of occupational exposure. Several epidemiological studies of Korean radiation workers have been conducted, but the data were analysed retrospectively in most cases. Moreover, groups with relatively high exposure, such as industrial radiographers, have been neglected. Therefore, we have launched a prospective cohort study of all Korean radiation workers to assess the health effects associated with occupational radiation exposure. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Approximately 42 000 Korean radiation workers registered with the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission from 2016 to 2017 are the initial target population of this study. Cohort participants are to be enrolled through a nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey between 24 May 2016 and 30 June 2017. As of 31 March 2017, 22 982 workers are enrolled in the study corresponding to a response rate of 75%. This enrolment will be continued at 5-year intervals to update information on existing study participants and recruit newly hired workers. Survey data will be linked with the national dose registry, the national cancer registry, the national vital statistics registry and national health insurance data via personal identification numbers. Age-specific and sex-specific standardised incidence and mortality ratios will be calculated for overall comparisons of cancer risk. For dose-response assessment, excess relative risk (per Gy) and excess absolute risk (per Gy) will be estimated with adjustments for birth year and potential confounders, such as lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received ethical approval from the institutional review board of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IRB No. K-1603-002-034). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment. The findings of the study will be disseminated through scientific peer-reviewed journals and be provided to the public, including radiation workers, via the study website (http://www.rhs.kr/) and onsite radiation safety education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwon Seo
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Young Lim
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dal Nim Lee
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Un Kim
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Shil Cha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Bang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Seo S, Lee D, Seong KM, Park S, Kim SG, Won JU, Jin YW. Radiation-related occupational cancer and its recognition criteria in South Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:9. [PMID: 29435340 PMCID: PMC5797363 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen, and is listed as one carcinogenic agent of occupational cancer. Given the increase in the number of workers exposed to radiation, as well as the increase in concern regarding occupational cancer, the number of radiation-related occupational cancer claims is expected to increase. Unlike exposure assessment of other carcinogenic agents in the workplace, such as asbestos and benzene, radiation exposure is usually assessed on an individual basis with personal dosimeters, which makes it feasible to assess whether a worker’s cancer occurrence is associated with their individual exposure. However, given the absence of a threshold dose for cancer initiation, it remains difficult to identify radiation exposure as the root cause of occupational cancer. Moreover, the association between cancer and radiation exposure in the workplace has not been clearly established due to a lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, criteria for the recognition of radiation-related occupational cancer should be carefully reviewed and updated with new scientific evidence and social consensus. The current criteria in Korea are valid in terms of eligible radiogenic cancer sites, adequate latent period, assessment of radiation exposure, and probability of causation. However, reducing uncertainty with respect to the determination of causation between exposure and cancer and developing more specific criteria that considers mixed exposure to radiation and other carcinogenic agents remains an important open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwon Seo
- 1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dalnim Lee
- 1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- 1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- 1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Geun Kim
- 3Department of Occupational Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- 4The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- 1National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812 Republic of Korea
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Risk Communication Strategies: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters with a Focus on the Fukushima Radiation Accident. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:348-359. [PMID: 27796965 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW It has been difficult to both mitigate the health consequences and effectively provide health risk information to the public affected by the Fukushima radiological disaster. Often, there are contrasting public health ethics within these activities which complicate risk communication. Although no risk communication strategy is perfect in such disasters, the ethical principles of risk communication provide good practical guidance. FINDINGS These discussions will be made in the context of similar lessons learned after radiation exposures in Goiania, Brazil, in 1987; the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, Ukraine, in 1986; and the attack at the World Trade Center, New York, USA, in 2001. Neither of the two strategies is perfect nor fatally flawed. Yet, this discussion and lessons from prior events should assist decision makers with navigating difficult risk communication strategies in similar environmental health disasters.
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Bannister LA, Mantha RR, Devantier Y, Petoukhov ES, Brideau CLA, Serran ML, Klokov DY. Dose and Radioadaptive Response Analysis of Micronucleus Induction in Mouse Bone Marrow. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091548. [PMID: 27649149 PMCID: PMC5037821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced cellular DNA repair efficiency and suppression of genomic instability have been proposed as mechanisms underlying radio-adaptive responses following low-dose radiation exposures. We previously showed that low-dose γ irradiation does not generate radio-adaptation by lowering radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in mouse spleen. Since radiation may exert tissue-specific effects, we extended these results here by examining the effects of γ radiation on cytogenetic damage and proliferative index in bone marrow erythrocytes of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) was observed at radiation doses of 100 mGy and greater, and suppression of erythroblast maturation occurred at doses of >500 mGy. A linear dose-response relationship for MN-PCE frequencies in C57BL/6 mice was established for radiation doses between 100 mGy and 1 Gy, with departure from linearity at doses of >1 Gy. BALB/c mice exhibited increased MN-PCE frequencies above baseline following a 20 mGy radiation exposure but did not exhibit radio-sensitivity relative to C57BL/6 mice following 2 Gy exposure. Radio-adaptation of bone marrow erythrocytes was not observed in either strain of mice exposed to low-dose priming γ irradiation (single doses of 20 mGy or 100 mGy or multiple 20 mGy doses) administered at various times prior to acute 2 Gy irradiation, confirming the lack of radio-adaptive response for induction of cytogenetic damage or suppression or erythrocyte proliferation/maturation in bone marrow of these mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bannister
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Rebecca R Mantha
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Devantier
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Eugenia S Petoukhov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Chantal L A Brideau
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Mandy L Serran
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
| | - Dmitry Y Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Radiobiology and Health, Chalk River, ON K0J1J0, Canada.
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28
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Betlazar C, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Liu GJ. The impact of high and low dose ionising radiation on the central nervous system. Redox Biol 2016; 9:144-156. [PMID: 27544883 PMCID: PMC4993858 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses of the central nervous system (CNS) to stressors and injuries, such as ionising radiation, are modulated by the concomitant responses of the brains innate immune effector cells, microglia. Exposure to high doses of ionising radiation in brain tissue leads to the expression and release of biochemical mediators of ‘neuroinflammation’, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to tissue destruction. Contrastingly, low dose ionising radiation may reduce vulnerability to subsequent exposure of ionising radiation, largely through the stimulation of adaptive responses, such as antioxidant defences. These disparate responses may be reflective of non-linear differential microglial activation at low and high doses, manifesting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory functional state. Biomarkers of pathology in the brain, such as the mitochondrial Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO), have facilitated in vivo characterisation of microglial activation and ‘neuroinflammation’ in many pathological states of the CNS, though the exact function of TSPO in these responses remains elusive. Based on the known responsiveness of TSPO expression to a wide range of noxious stimuli, we discuss TSPO as a potential biomarker of radiation-induced effects. Ionising radiation can modulate responses of microglial cells in the CNS. High doses can induce ROS formation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Low doses can mitigate tissue damage via antioxidant defences. TSPO as a potential biomarker and modulator of radiation induced effects in the CNS. Non-linear differential microglial activation to high and low doses is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calina Betlazar
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Bioanalytics group, Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
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29
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Yang G, Li W, Jiang H, Liang X, Zhao Y, Yu D, Zhou L, Wang G, Tian H, Han F, Cai L, Cui J. Low-dose radiation may be a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2157-68. [PMID: 27299986 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that both natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation contribute to human exposure and consequently pose a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation. LDR can stimulate proliferation of normal cells and activate their defense systems, while these biological effects are not observed in some cancer cell types. Although there is still no concordance on this matter, the fact that LDR has the potential to enhance the effects of cancer therapeutics and reduce the toxic side effects of anti-cancer therapy has garnered significant interest. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the experimental data detailing the different responses of normal and cancer tissues to LDR, the underlying mechanisms, and its significance in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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