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Garroni G, Cruciani S, Serra D, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Ventura C, Maioli M. Effects of the MCF-7 Exhausted Medium on hADSC Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7026. [PMID: 39000134 PMCID: PMC11241546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into different lineages and the ability to self-renew, thus representing an excellent tool for regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from different tissues, including the adipose tissue. Adipose tissue and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are privileged candidates for regenerative medicine procedures or other plastic reconstructive surgeries. The cellular environment is able to influence the fate of stem cells residing in the tissue. In a previous study, we exposed hADSCs to an exhausted medium of a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) recovered at different days (4, 7, and 10 days). In the same paper, we inferred that the medium was able to influence the behaviour of stem cells. Considering these results, in the present study, we evaluated the expression of the major genes related to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. To confirm the gene expression data, oil red and alizarin red colorimetric assays were performed. Lastly, we evaluated the expression of miRNAs influencing the differentiation process and the proliferation rate, maintaining a proliferative state. The data obtained confirmed that cells exposed to the medium maintained a stem and proliferative state that could lead to a risky proliferative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Diletta Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Coradduzza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) c/o Eldor Lab, Via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Li Q, Wang T, Wang X, Ge X, Yang T, Wang W. DDX56 promotes EMT and cancer stemness via MELK-FOXM1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:109827. [PMID: 38827395 PMCID: PMC11141150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cause of death, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties contributing to its metastasis. DEAD box helicase 56 (DDX56) is involved in carcinogenesis, but its role in EMT induction and stem phenotype maintenance is unclear. This study assessed the impact of DDX56 absence on HCC cell stemness and EMT. DDX56 was found to be overexpressed in HCC tissues, correlating with disease stage and prognosis. In vitro, DDX56 stimulated tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness. It also enhanced maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK)-mediated forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) expression, regulating cancer stemness and malignant traits. In vivo, DDX56 knockdown in tumor-bearing mice reduced tumorigenicity and lung metastasis by modulating the MELK-FOXM1 signaling pathway. Collectively, DDX56 initiates stem cell-like traits in HCC and promotes EMT via MELK-FOXM1 activation, shedding light on HCC pathogenesis and suggesting a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - XinYu Ge
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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3
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Yao Z, Song P, Jiao W. Pathogenic role of super-enhancers as potential therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1383580. [PMID: 38681203 PMCID: PMC11047458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1383580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still one of the deadliest malignancies today, and most patients with advanced lung cancer pass away from disease progression that is uncontrollable by medications. Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of enhancers in the genome's non-coding sequences that actively trigger transcription. Although SEs have just been identified over the past 10 years, their intricate structure and crucial role in determining cell identity and promoting tumorigenesis and progression are increasingly coming to light. Here, we review the structural composition of SEs, the auto-regulatory circuits, the control mechanisms of downstream genes and pathways, and the characterization of subgroups classified according to SEs in lung cancer. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic targets, several small-molecule inhibitors, and available treatment options for SEs in lung cancer. Combination therapies have demonstrated considerable advantages in preclinical models, and we anticipate that these drugs will soon enter clinical studies and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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4
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Liu Y, Han T, Xu Z, Wu J, Zhou J, Guo J, Miao R, Xing Y, Ge D, Bai Y, Hu D. CDC45 promotes the stemness and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma by affecting the cell cycle. J Transl Med 2024; 22:335. [PMID: 38589907 PMCID: PMC11000299 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the functions of cell division cycle protein 45 (CDC45) in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cancer and its effects on stemness and metastasis. METHODS Firstly, differentially expressed genes related to lung cancer metastasis and stemness were screened by differential analysis and lasso regression. Then, in vitro, experiments such as colony formation assay, scratch assay, and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the impact of CDC45 knockdown on the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of related proteins and investigate the regulation of CDC45 on the cell cycle. Finally, in vivo model with subcutaneous injection of lung cancer cells was performed to verify the effect of CDC45 on tumor growth. RESULTS This study identified CDC45 as a key gene potentially influencing tumor stemness and lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of CDC45 not only suppressed the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells but also caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between CDC45 and cell cycle-related proteins, stemness-related markers, and tumor mutations. Mouse experiments confirmed that CDC45 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION As a novel regulator of stemness, CDC45 plays a role in regulating lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle. Therefore, CDC45 may serve as a potential target for lung cancer treatment and provide a reference for further mechanistic research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Xing
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Ge
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
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Mousa NA, Hussein A, Elemam NM, Mohammed G, Elwany M, Basha T, AlHammadi AA, Majzob RS, Talaat IM. Are embryonic stem cell markers and ALDH1A1 relevant in the context of breast cancer estrogen positivity? Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7004. [PMID: 38400679 PMCID: PMC10891463 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic pluripotency markers are recognized for their role in ER- BC aggressiveness, but their significance in ER+ BC remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of expression of pluripotency markers in ER+ BC and their effect on survival and prognostic indicators. METHODS We analyzed data of ER+ BC patients from three large cancer datasets to assess the expression of three pluripotency markers (NANOG, SOX-2, and OCT4), and the stem cell marker ALDH1A1. Additionally, we investigated associations between gene expression, through mRNA-Seq analysis, and overall survival (OS). The prevalence of mutational variants within these genes was explored. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we examined the expression and associations with clinicopathologic prognostic indicators of the four markers in 81 ER+ BC patients. RESULTS Through computational analysis, NANOG and ALDH1A1 genes were significantly upregulated in ER+ BC compared to ER- BC patients (p < 0.001), while POU5F1 (OCT4) was downregulated (p < 0.001). NANOG showed an adverse impact on OS whereas ALDH1A1 was associated with a highly significant improved survival in ER+ BC (p = 4.7e-6), except for the PR- and HER2+ subgroups. Copy number alterations (CNAs) ranged from 0.4% to 1.6% in these genes, with the highest rate detected in SOX2. In the IHC study, approximately one-third of tumors showed moderate to strong expression of each of the four markers, with 2-4 markers strongly co-expressed in 56.8% of cases. OCT-4 and ALDH1A1 showed a significant association with a high KI-67 index (p = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively), while SOX2 showed a significant association with perinodal fat invasion (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 are substantially expressed in ER+ BC tumors with different, yet significant, associations with prognostic and survival outcomes. This study suggests these markers as targets for prospective clinical validation studies of their prognostic value and their possible therapeutic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Mousa
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Hussein
- Family and Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Mohammed
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Elwany
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Tasneem Basha
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Amal A. AlHammadi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Rana S. Majzob
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
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6
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Hasan A, Khan NA, Uddin S, Khan AQ, Steinhoff M. Deregulated transcription factors in the emerging cancer hallmarks. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:31-50. [PMID: 38123029 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is a multifaceted process that entails several stages and demands the persistent expression or activation of transcription factors (TFs) to facilitate growth and survival. TFs are a cluster of proteins with DNA-binding domains that attach to promoter or enhancer DNA strands to start the transcription of genes by collaborating with RNA polymerase and other supporting proteins. They are generally acknowledged as the major regulatory molecules that coordinate biological homeostasis and the appropriate functioning of cellular components, subsequently contributing to human physiology. TFs proteins are crucial for controlling transcription during the embryonic stage and development, and the stability of different cell types depends on how they function in different cell types. The development and progression of cancer cells and tumors might be triggered by any anomaly in transcription factor function. It has long been acknowledged that cancer development is accompanied by the dysregulated activity of TF alterations which might result in faulty gene expression. Recent studies have suggested that dysregulated transcription factors play a major role in developing various human malignancies by altering and rewiring metabolic processes, modifying the immune response, and triggering oncogenic signaling cascades. This review emphasizes the interplay between TFs involved in metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, evading immune attacks, cellular senescence, and the maintenance of cancer stemness in cancerous cells. The insights presented herein will facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic modalities to tackle the dysregulated transcription factors underlying cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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7
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Agüero EI, Belgorosky D, García-Silva JI, Booth R, Lerner B, Pérez MS, Eiján AM. Microdevices for cancer stem cell culture as a predictive chemotherapeutic response platform. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1465-1475. [PMID: 37755493 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms for clinical use are a promising translational strategy for cancer research specially for drug screening. Identifying cancer stem cells (CSC) using sphere culture techniques in microfluidic devices (MDs) showed to be better reproducing physiological responses than other in vitro models and allow the optimization of samples and reagents. We evaluated individual sphere proliferation and stemness toward chemotherapeutic treatment (CT) with doxorubicin and cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines (MB49-I and J82) cultured in MDs used as CSC treatment response platform. Our results confirm the usefulness of this device to evaluate the CT effect in sphere-forming efficiency, size, and growth rate from individual spheres within MDs and robust information comparable to conventional culture plates was obtained. The expression of pluripotency genetic markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and CD44) could be analyzed by qPCR and immunofluorescence in spheres growing directly in MDs. MDs are a suitable platform for sphere isolation from tumor samples and can provide information about CT response. Microfluidic-based CSC studies could provide information about treatment response of cancer patients from small samples and can be a promising tool for CSC-targeted specific treatment with potential in precision medicine. KEY MESSAGES: We have designed a microfluidic platform for CSC enriched culture by tumor sphere formation. Using MDs, we could quantify and determine sphere response after CT using murine and human cell lines as a proof of concept. MDs can be used as a tumor-derived sphere isolation platform to test the effect of antitumoral compounds in sphere proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Imanol Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Israel García-Silva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sebastián Pérez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Manogaran P, Anandan A, Vijaya Padma V. Isoliensinine augments the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel in multidrug-resistant colon cancer stem cells and induced mitochondria-mediated cell death. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23395. [PMID: 37424111 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have reported the isoliensinine (ISO) potentates the therapeutic potential of cisplatin in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer stem cells. The present study evaluates the chemo-sensitizing potential of the combinatorial regimen of ISO and Paclitaxcel (PTX) on multidrug-resistant (MDR)-HCT-15 cells to reduce the dose requirement of both ISO and PTX. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with the combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX enhanced the cytotoxic effect with resultant increase in apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 cells as evident from the altered cellular morphology, G2/M cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide uptake, Annexin V, increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, diminished ATP production, PARP-1 cleavage, altered expression of ERK1/2, and apoptotic proteins. Treatment with combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX also modulated the expression of the transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 which determine the stemness of cancer cells. Thus, results of the present study suggest that ISO and PTX combination regimen induces apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aparna Anandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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9
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Lambis-Anaya L, Fernández-Ruiz M, Liscano Y, Suarez-Causado A. High OCT4 Expression Might Be Associated with an Aggressive Phenotype in Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3740. [PMID: 37509401 PMCID: PMC10378144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of the intestinal tract have been implicated in its origin. The oncofetal protein OCT4 has been linked to neoplastic processes, but its role and clinical significance in RC are unknown. This study investigates the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 related to clinical-pathological characteristics and its clinical significance in RC patients. The expression level of stem cell marker OCT4 was analyzed in 22 primary rectal tumors by western blot. The association between OCT4 protein expression and the clinical-pathological features of tumors was evaluated by χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. We demonstrated that the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was observed in tumor tissue but not adjacent non-tumor tissue. High expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation grade (p = 0.039), tumor invasion level (p = 0.004), lymph node involvement (p = 0.044), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.002), and clinical stage (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that high OCT4 expression is associated with a more aggressive RC phenotype, with a greater likelihood of progression and metastasis. These results shed light on the importance of targeting this CSC marker to attenuate RC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lambis-Anaya
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Mashiel Fernández-Ruiz
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Amileth Suarez-Causado
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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10
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Guan J, Zhang ZY, Sun JH, Wang XP, Zhou ZQ, Qin L. LITAF inhibits colorectal cancer stemness and metastatic behavior by regulating FOXO1-mediated SIRT1 expression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023:10.1007/s10585-023-10213-x. [PMID: 37266842 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha factor (LITAF) is a transcription factor that activates the transcription of TNF-α and regulates the inflammatory response. LITAF has been found to have potential anti-cancer effects of in several tumors. However, the role of LITAF in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Through a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), LITAF was identified as a differentially downregulated gene in CRC. We hypothesized that LITAF may participate in the modulation of CRC progression. The present study was aimed to investigate the expression profile of LITAF in CRC and its effect on metastatic behavior and stemness as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression profile of LITAF in CRC, and its relationship with the prognosis of CRC were explored using public databases. LITAF expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the effects of overexpression or knockdown of LITAF on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and stemness of CRC cells were investigated in vitro. The regulatory effect of LITAF on forkhead Box O 1 (FOXO1)-sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling axis was also explored. In addition, a xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the in-vivo role of LITAF. LITAF was downregulated in tumor tissues and its expression was associated with the prognosis, pathological stage and liver metastasis. In-vitro experiments confirmed that LITAF inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness, and induced cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LITAF inhibited the tumorigenicity and liver metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, LITAF promoted FOXO1-mediated SIRT1 inhibition, thus regulating cancer stemness and malignant phenotypes. LITAF was silenced in CRC and it participated in the progression of CRC by inhibiting CRC cell stemness, and malignant phenotypes. Therefore, LITAF may serve as a novel biomarker of CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian-Hua Sun
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zun-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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11
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Bownes LV, Julson JR, Quinn CH, Hutchins SC, Erwin MH, Markert HR, Stewart JE, Mroczek-Musulman E, Aye J, Yoon KJ, Ohlmeyer M, Beierle EA. The Effects of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation with Novel Tricyclic Sulfonamides on Hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1145-1154. [PMID: 36907775 PMCID: PMC10198925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is downregulated in hepatoblastoma. We aimed to examine the effects of two novel compounds of the tricyclic sulfonamide class, ATUX-3364 (3364) and ATUX-8385 (8385), designed to activate PP2A without causing immunosuppression, on human hepatoblastoma. METHODS An established human hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6, and a human hepatoblastoma patient-derived xenograft, COA67, were treated with increasing doses of 3364 or 8385, and viability, proliferation, cell cycle and motility were investigated. Cancer cell stemness was evaluated by real-time PCR and tumorsphere forming ability. Effects on tumor growth were examined using a murine model. RESULTS Treatment with 3364 or 8385 significantly decreased viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression and motility in HuH6 and COA67 cells. Both compounds significantly decreased stemness as demonstrated by decreased abundance of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 mRNA. The ability of COA67 to form tumorspheres, another sign of cancer cell stemness, was significantly diminished by 3364 and 8385. Treatment with 3364 resulted in decreased tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Novel PP2A activators, 3364 and 8385, decreased hepatoblastoma proliferation, viability, and cancer cell stemness in vitro. Animals treated with 3364 had decreased tumor growth. These data provide evidence for further investigation of PP2A activating compounds as hepatoblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Janet R Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael H Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Jamie Aye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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12
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Chaudhary A, Raza SS, Haque R. Transcriptional factors targeting in cancer stem cells for tumor modulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:123-137. [PMID: 36603792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are now considered the primary "seeds" for the onset, development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Despite therapeutic breakthroughs, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This is because the tumor microenvironment contains a key population of cells known as CSCs, which promote tumor aggression. CSCs are self-renewing cells that aid tumor recurrence by promoting tumor growth and persisting in patients after many traditional cancer treatments. According to reports, numerous transcription factors (TF) play a key role in maintaining CSC pluripotency and its self-renewal property. The understanding of the functions, structures, and interactional dynamics of these transcription factors with DNA has modified the hypothesis, paving the way for novel transcription factor-targeted therapies. These TFs, which are crucial and are required by cancer cells, play a vital function in the etiology of human cancer. Such CSC TFs will help with gene expression profiling, which provides crucial data for predicting the prognosis of patients. To overcome anti-cancer medication resistance and completely eradicate cancer, a potent therapy combining TFs-based CSC targets with traditional chemotherapy may be developed. In order to develop therapies that could eliminate CSCs, we here concentrated on the effect of TFs and other components of signalling pathways on cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India.
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13
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Marques V, Ourô S, Afonso MB, Rodrigues CMP. Modulation of rectal cancer stemness, patient outcome and therapy response by adipokines. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00936-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Aikins ME, Qin Y, Dobson HE, Najafabadi AH, Lyu K, Xu Y, Xin Y, Schwendeman A, Wicha MS, Chang AE, Li Q, Moon JJ. Cancer stem cell antigen nanodisc cocktail elicits anti-tumor immune responses in melanoma. J Control Release 2022; 351:872-882. [PMID: 36206945 PMCID: PMC9765445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the major reasons for poor cancer outcomes is the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that can self-renew, differentiate into the majority of tumor cells, and maintain tumorigenicity. As CSCs are resistant to traditional chemotherapy and radiation, they contribute to metastasis and relapse. Thus, new approaches are needed to target and eliminate CSCs. Here, we sought to target and reduce the frequency of CSCs in melanoma by therapeutic vaccination against CSC-associated transcription factors, such as Sox2 and Nanog, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Toward this goal, we have identified novel immunogenic peptide epitopes derived from CSC-associated Sox2 and Nanog and synthesized synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanodisc vaccine formulated with Sox2, Nanog, and ALDH antigen peptides together with CpG, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist. Vaccination with nanodiscs containing six CSC antigen peptides elicited robust T cell responses against CSC-associated antigens and promoted intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells, while reducing the frequency of CSCs and CD4+ regulatory T cells within melanoma tumors. Nanodisc vaccination effectively reduced tumor growth and significantly extended animal survival without toxicity toward normal stem cells. Overall, our therapeutic strategy against CSCs represents a cost-effective, safe, and versatile approach that may be applied to melanoma and other cancer types, as well as serve as a critical component in combined therapies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - You Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hannah E Dobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Kexing Lyu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Doxorubicin resistant choriocarcinoma cell line derived spheroidal cells exhibit stem cell markers but reduced invasion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35875180 PMCID: PMC9300786 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-specific cancer chemotherapy is based on the ability of a drug to halt, minimise or destroy rapidly dividing cells. However, their efficacy is limited by the emergence of a self-renewing cell pool called “cancer stem cells” (CSC). Choriocarcinoma is a tumour of trophoblastic tissue. We, in this study, analysed whether spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated and non-treated choriocarcinoma cell lines exhibit markers of stem cells. Two choriocarcinoma cell lines, namely JEG-3 and BeWo, were used in this study. Spheroids were generated from doxorubicin-treated cells and the non-treated cells under non-adherent condition, followed by analysis of stem-cell markers’ expression, namely NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested a general increase in the markers’ concentration in spheroids relative to the parental cells. RT-qPCR and immunoblots showed an increase in the stem-cell marker expression in spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated when compared to non-treated cells. In spheroids, Sox2 was significantly upregulated in doxorubicin-treated spheroids, whereas Nanog and Oct4 were generally downregulated when compared to non-treated spheroids. Both 2D and 3D invasion assays showed that the spheroids treated with doxorubicin exhibited reduced invasion. Our data suggest that choriocarcinoma cell lines may have the potential to produce spheroidal cells, yet the drug-treatment affected the invasion potential of spheroids.
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16
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Peng W, Chang L, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang M. OCT4 and SOX2 Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Exhibit Not Only Good Efficiency but Also Synergize PD-1 Inhibitor (Nivolumab) in Treating Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781093. [PMID: 35402219 PMCID: PMC8987438 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of OCT4&SOX2 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) plus programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor (nivolumab) on treating breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) in vitro and drug-resistance breast cancer (DRBC) mice in vivo. Methods In total, 160 breast cancer patients were enrolled following the immunofluorescence assay to detect tumor OCT4 and SOX2 expressions. CD154-activated B cells were co-cultured with CD8+ T cells (from breast cancer patients) in the presence of OCT4&SOX2 peptides, CMV pp65 peptides (negative control), and no peptides (normal control). MCF7-BCSCs were constructed by drug-resistance experiment and sphere-formation assay, then DRBC mice were constructed by planting MCF7-BCSCs. Subsequently, different doses of OCT4&SOX2 CTLs and PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) were used to treat MCF7-BCSCs and DRBC mice. Results OCT4 and SOX2 correlated with poor differentiation, more advanced stage, and worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. In vitro, OCT4&SOX2 CTLs with effector-target ratio (ETR) 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 presented with increased cytotoxic activity compared to CMV pp65 CTLs with ETR 20:1 (negative control) and Control CTLs with ETR 20:1 (normal control) on killing MCF7-BCSCs. Besides, PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) improved the cytotoxic activity of OCT4&SOX2 CTLs against MCF7-BCSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, OCT4&SOX2 CTLs plus PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) decreased tumor volume and tumor weight while increased tumor apoptosis rate compared to OCT4&SOX2 CTLs alone, PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) alone, and control. Conclusion OCT4&SOX2 CTLs exhibit good efficiency and synergize PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) in treating BCSCs and DRBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Liu, ; Min Zhang,
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cixi People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Liu, ; Min Zhang,
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Grisendi G, Bertolini F, Maur M, Guaitoli G, Chrystel I, Morandi U, Stella F, Dominici M, Haider KH. Dissecting Tumor Growth: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance and Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040976. [PMID: 35205721 PMCID: PMC8869911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is one of the most debated problems all over the world. Cancer stem cells are considered responsible of tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. This subpopulation of cells has been found into the tumor bulk and showed the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, up to generate a new tumor. In the last decades, several studies have been set on the molecular mechanisms behind their specific characteristics as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, transcription factors, etc. The most powerful part of CSCs is represented by the niches as “promoter” of their self-renewal and “protector” from the common oncological treatment as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In our review article we highlighted the primary mechanisms involved in CSC tumorigenesis for the setting of further targets to control the metastatic process. Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for initiation, progression, and metastasis cascade in tumors. CSCs share characteristics with normal stem cells, i.e., self-renewal and differentiation potential, suggesting that they can drive cancer progression. Consequently, targeting CSCs to prevent tumor growth or regrowth might offer a chance to lead the fight against cancer. CSCs create their niche, a specific area within tissue with a unique microenvironment that sustains their vital functions. Interactions between CSCs and their niches play a critical role in regulating CSCs’ self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Differences observed in the frequency of CSCs, due to the phenotypic plasticity of many cancer cells, remain a challenge in cancer therapeutics, since CSCs can modulate their transcriptional activities into a more stem-like state to protect themselves from destruction. This plasticity represents an essential step for future therapeutic approaches. Regarding self-renewal, CSCs are modulated by the same molecular pathways found in normal stem cells, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Notch signaling, and Hedgehog signaling. Another key characteristic of CSCs is their resistance to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, due to their capacity to rest in a quiescent state. This review will analyze the primary mechanisms involved in CSC tumorigenesis, with particular attention to the roles of CSCs in tumor progression in benign and malignant diseases; and will examine future perspectives on the identification of new markers to better control tumorigenesis, as well as dissecting the metastasis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine–DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (U.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (U.M.)
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Michela Maur
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Giorgia Guaitoli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Isca Chrystel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (U.M.)
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine–DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.G.); (F.B.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (I.C.); (M.D.)
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Seong JB, Kim B, Kim S, Kim MH, Park YH, Lee Y, Lee HJ, Hong CW, Lee DS. Macrophage peroxiredoxin 5 deficiency promotes lung cancer progression via ROS-dependent M2-like polarization. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:322-334. [PMID: 34637923 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for cancer treatment have traditionally focused on suppressing cancer cell behavior, but many recent studies have demonstrated that regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) can also inhibit disease progression. Macrophages are major TME components, and the direction of phenotype polarization is known to regulate tumor behavior, with M2-like polarization promoting progression. It is also known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages drive M2 polarization, and M2 polarization promote lung cancer progression. Lung cancer patients with lower expression of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) demonstrate poorer survival. This study revealed that Prx5 deficiency in macrophages induced M2 macrophage polarization by lung cancer. We report that injection of lung cancer cells produced larger tumors in Prx5-deficit mice than wild-type mice independent of cancer cell Prx5 expression. Through co-culture with lung cancer cell lines, Prx5-deficient macrophages exhibited M2 polarization, and reduced expression levels of the M1-associated inflammatory factors iNOS, TNFα, and Il-1β. Moreover, these Prx5-deficient macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of co-cultured lung cancer cells. Conversely, suppression of ROS generation by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited the M2-like polarization of Prx5-deficient macrophages, increased expression levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited the proliferation and migration of co-cultured lung cancer cells, and suppressed tumor growth in mice. These findings suggest that blocking the M2 polarization of macrophages may promote lung cancer regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bae Seong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Institute eBiogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Qi Y, Wei J, Zhang X. Requirement of transcription factor NME2 for the maintenance of the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:924. [PMID: 34628473 PMCID: PMC8502175 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which can self-renew and produce heterogeneous cancer cells, are the key factors during tumorigenesis. Transcription factors take essential effects on CSCs. However, the role of transcription factors in regulating the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells has not been well explored. In this investigation, it was found that transcription factor NME2 (NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2) was upregulated in gastric cancer stem-like cells that sorted from the solid tumors of patients with gastric cancer and gastric cancer cell lines. NME2 could preserve the stemness of gastric cancer stem-like cells via suppressing their apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo data revealed that NME2 was crucial for maintaining the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptosis genes. Consequently, our data contributed a new perspective to the relationship between transcription factor and the stemness maintenance of gastric cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Qi
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Chengdu No.7 Ba Yi School, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Silva CTX, Saddi VA, Silva KSFE, Sugita DM, Guillo LA. Expression of the cancer stem cell marker OCT4 is associated with worse prognosis and survival in cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:439-448. [PMID: 34433195 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma has an aggressive clinical presentation, showing rapid rate of growth and metastatic dissemination due to the permanence of cancer stem cells. The present study was to evaluate the expression of the self-renewal regulatory factor and the clinical significance of the transcription factor OCT4 in melanoma. Melanoma tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between the expression of this marker was determined through clinical-pathological variables and survival outcomes. Positive expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic OCT4 was observed in 49% and 41.2% of cases, respectively. The positive expression of nuclear OCT4 in melanoma was significantly associated with prognostic factors, such as Breslow depth, Clark's level, ulceration and metastasis. Survival of patients was 56% compared to positive nuclear OCT4 expression and 94.2% when compared to the low expression of the gene. Nuclear OCT4 positive genotype indicated aggressive tumor behavior with a worse clinical outcome, which indicates OCT4 as a useful biomarker in the prognosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Aparecida Saddi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biodiversity, Department of Environmental and Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás
| | | | | | - Lidia Andreu Guillo
- Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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21
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Ghosh S, Juin SK, Bhattacharyya Majumdar S, Majumdar S. Crucial role of glucosylceramide synthase in the regulation of stem cell-like cancer cells in B16F10 murine melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:840-858. [PMID: 34516706 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells render a complex cascade of events that facilitates highly invasive melanoma malignancy. Interplay between immunocytes and cancer stem cells within tumor microenvironment with the participation of sphingolipid signaling mediators skews the immune evasion strategies toward metastatic neoplasm. In this context, we aimed to explore the functional aspect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the maintenance of melanoma stem cell-like cancer cells (CSCs). Our findings demonstrated that tumor hypoxia was responsible for elevated GCS expression in melanoma, which was correlated with substantially increased melanoma CSCs. Moreover, hypoxia-induced TGF-β from TAMs and Tregs promoted GCS induction in B16F10 murine melanoma CSCs via PKCα signaling and facilitated the expansion of melanoma CSCs. Interestingly, GCS ablation hindered the immunosuppressiveness of TAMs and Tregs. Therefore, our study for the first time demonstrated a novel paracrine pathway of melanoma CSC maintenance and tumorigenicity, exploiting the bidirectional signaling with immunocytes. Furthermore, our study showed that the combinatorial immunotherapy involving immunomodulators like Mw and DTA-1 repressed CSC pool affecting GCS functions in advanced-stage B16F10 murine melanoma tumor. Moreover, GCS inhibition sensitized conventional chemotherapeutic drug-resistant melanoma CSCs to the genotoxic drugs paving the way toward selective melanoma treatment. Better therapeutic efficacy with inhibition of GCS and CSC depletion suggests a crucial role of GCS in melanoma treatment, therefore, implying its application concerning clinical challenges of chemotherapy resistance leading to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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22
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Salinas-Jazmín N, Rosas-Cruz A, Velasco-Velázquez M. Reporter gene systems for the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:861-876. [PMID: 34367481 PMCID: PMC8316869 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells that share functional characteristics with normal and embryonic stem cells. CSCs have increased tumor-initiating capacity and metastatic potential and lower sensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapy, with important roles in tumor progression and the response to therapy. Thus, a current goal of cancer research is to eliminate CSCs, necessitating an adequate phenotypic and functional characterization of CSCs. Strategies have been developed to identify, enrich, and track CSCs, many of which distinguish CSCs by evaluating the expression of surface markers, the initiation of specific signaling pathways, and the activation of master transcription factors that control stemness in normal cells. We review and discuss the use of reporter gene systems for identifying CSCs. Reporters that are under the control of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, CD133, Notch, Nanog homeobox, Sex-determining region Y-box 2, and POU class 5 homeobox can be used to identify CSCs in many tumor types, track cells in real time, and screen for drugs. Thus, reporter gene systems, in combination with in vitro and in vivo functional assays, can assess changes in the CSCs pool. We present relevant examples of these systems in the evaluation of experimental CSCs-targeting therapeutics, demonstrating their value in CSCs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Arely Rosas-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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23
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Features and MCF-7. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071754. [PMID: 34359925 PMCID: PMC8307920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are highly suitable for regeneration therapies being easily collected and propagated in vitro. The effects of different external factors and culturing conditions are able to affect hADSC proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and migration, even at the molecular level. In the present paper, we exposed hADSCs to an exhausted medium from the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) to evaluate whether the soluble factors released by these cells may be able to induce changes in stem cell behavior. In particular, we investigated the expression of stemness-related genes (OCT4; Sox 2; Nanog), the cell-cycle regulators p21 (WAF1/CIP1) p53, epigenetic markers (DNMT1 and Sirt1), and autophagy-related proteins. From our results, we can infer that the exhausted medium from MCF-7 is able to influence the hADSCs behavior increasing the expression of stemness-related genes, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Polyamines detectable in MCF-7 exhausted medium could be related to the higher proliferation capability observed in hADSCs, suggesting direct crosstalk between these molecules and the observed changes in stem cell potency.
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Bååth M, Jönsson JM, Westbom Fremer S, Martín de la Fuente L, Tran L, Malander S, Kannisto P, Måsbäck A, Honeth G, Hedenfalk I. MET Expression and Cancer Stem Cell Networks Impact Outcome in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:742. [PMID: 34069138 PMCID: PMC8155853 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET has been linked to poor survival in several cancer types, and MET has been suggested to interact with stem cell networks. In vitro studies have further suggested a possible benefit of a combined treatment using PARP and MET inhibitors. We used a tissue microarray (TMA) with 130 samples of advanced-stage high-grade serous fallopian tube/ovarian cancer (HGSC) to investigate the prognostic value of MET protein expression alone and in combination with the stem cell factor SOX2. The possible synergistic effects of a PARP and MET inhibitor treatment were evaluated in two cell lines with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency and in their BRCA1/2-proficient counterparts. Patients with tumors positive for MET had worse overall survival (log-rank test, p = 0.015) compared to patients with MET-negative tumors. The prognostic role of MET was even more prominent in the subgroup of patients with SOX2-negative tumors (p = 0.0081). No synergistic effects of the combined treatment with PARP and MET inhibitors were found in the cell lines examined. We conclude that MET expression could be used as a marker for OS in HGSC and that stemness should be taken into consideration when evaluating the mechanisms of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bååth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Jenny-Maria Jönsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Sofia Westbom Fremer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 222 42 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Laura Martín de la Fuente
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Lena Tran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Susanne Malander
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Päivi Kannisto
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 222 42 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Anna Måsbäck
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 222 42 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gabriella Honeth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (J.-M.J.); (S.W.F.); (L.M.d.l.F.); (L.T.); (S.M.); (G.H.)
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25
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Pourbagher R, Ghorbani H, Akhavan-Niaki H, Jorsaraei SGA, Fattahi S, Ghooran S, Abedian Z, Ghasemi M, Saeedi F, Jafari N, Kalali B, Mostafazadeh A. Downregulation of Stemness Genes and Induction of Necrosis in Rat LA7 Cancer Stem Cells Induced Tumors Treated with Starved Fibroblasts Culture Supernatant. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:105-118. [PMID: 34277874 PMCID: PMC8279721 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell differentiation therapy is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. we show that protein cocktail prepared from serum starved fibroblasts has therapeutic potential based on this strategy. METHODS The condition medium was prepared from foreskin isolated fibroblasts and analyzed by Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). LA7 mammary gland cancer stem cells originated tumors were induced in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats treated subcutaneously with DMEM (group A), condition medium (group B), or normal saline (group C) once daily for 7 days. Then the tumors were removed and divided into the two parts, one part was used to quantify gene expression by stem-loop RT-qPCR assay and the other part was used for Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS All induced tumors appeared as sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC). Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed this conclusion by recognizing the tumor as Ki67+, cytokeratin+, vimentine+, and estrogen receptor negative SC. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Oct4-, Sox-2, Nanog- gene expression was much reduced in the condition medium treated tumors versus proper controls (p< 0.05). Tissue necrosis was more prevalent in this group while tumors volume was diminished almost by 40%. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis unrevealed the stemness reducing and the cell death inducing proteins such as, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), insulin like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and -7 (IGFBP-7) in the condition medium. CONCLUSION This study showed that the substances released from starved human fibroblasts were able to down-regulate the stemness-related genes and induce necrosis in LA7 derived tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ghorbani
- Department of Pathology, Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsaraei
- Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Sahar Ghooran
- Department of Pathology, Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Abedian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Negar Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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26
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Nguyen TQ, Hamada A, Yamada K, Higaki M, Shintani T, Yoshioka Y, Toratani S, Okamoto T. Enhanced KRT13 gene expression bestows radiation resistance in squamous cell carcinoma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:300-314. [PMID: 33537930 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and recurrence are potentially lethal. A small number of cancer cell groups called cancer stem cells (CSCs) have both stem cell capacity and cancer-forming ability and are reported to play important roles in cancer metastasis and recurrence. These CSCs are considered to be radiation-resistant (RR). Therefore, understanding the biological effects of radiation on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo might be worthwhile to circumvent radiation resistance. Currently, there are no reports on the establishment of RR-SCC cells in serum-free defined culture, which mimics biological mechanisms and prevents instability of using serum in the culture medium. We isolated radiation-resistant strains, designated A431-LDR and A431-HDR, from A431 cells derived from vulval SCC and irradiated them with a total dose of 60 Gy at a low-dose rate (2.2 Gy/d) (RM1000) and a high-dose rate (5 Gy/5.75min) in serum-free defined culture. These cells exhibited high sphere-forming and migration ability in vitro and high tumor-forming ability in nude mice xenografts. Overexpression of KRT13 in A431-RR cells might play a role in its radiation-resistant characteristics. These cells might be useful not only to study cancer stem cells but also to study the circumvention of radiation resistance by novel cancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Quang Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- National Hospital of Odonto Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Atsuko Hamada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mirai Higaki
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan.
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FOLFOX Therapy Induces Feedback Upregulation of CD44v6 through YB-1 to Maintain Stemness in Colon Initiating Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020753. [PMID: 33451103 PMCID: PMC7828641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) drive tumor formation and drug-resistance, but how they develop drug-resistance characteristics is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agent FOLFOX, commonly used for drug-resistant/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, induces overexpression of CD44v6, MDR1, and oncogenic transcription/translation factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1). Our study revealed that CD44v6, a receptor for hyaluronan, increased the YB-1 expression through PGE2/EP1-mTOR pathway. Deleting CD44v6, and YB-1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system attenuates the in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of CICs from FOLFOX resistant cells. The results of DNA:CD44v6 immunoprecipitated complexes by ChIP (chromatin-immunoprecipitation) assay showed that CD44v6 maintained the stemness traits by promoting several antiapoptotic and stemness genes, including cyclin-D1,BCL2,FZD1,GINS-1, and MMP9. Further, computer-based analysis of the clones obtained from the DNA:CD44v6 complex revealed the presence of various consensus binding sites for core stemness-associated transcription factors “CTOS” (c-Myc, TWIST1, OCT4, and SOX2). Simultaneous expressions of CD44v6 and CTOS in CD44v6 knockout CICs reverted differentiated CD44v6-knockout CICs into CICs. Finally, this study for the first time describes a positive feedback loop that couples YB-1 induction and CD44 alternative splicing to sustain the MDR1 and CD44v6 expressions, and CD44v6 is required for the reversion of differentiated tumor cells into CICs.
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28
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Huang Y, Luo F. Elevated microRNA-130b-5p or silenced ELK1 inhibits self-renewal ability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, and promotes apoptosis of cervical cancer stem cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:118-129. [PMID: 33295145 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the most familiar gynecological malignancy. With the poor prognosis of CC patients, this study explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-130b-5p targeting ELK1 expression on self-renewal ability and stemness of CC stem cells. The tissues of patients with CC or cervical benign lesions were collected. MiR-130b-5p and ELK1 expression was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Human CC cell line Hela was cultured and the induced CC stem cells were introduced with miR-130b-5p mimic or silenced ELK1 to figure their roles in self-renewal ability, stemness, colony formation, proliferation, migration, invasion abilities, and apoptosis of CC stem cells. Tumor growth was detected in nude mice in vivo. The targeting relationship between miR-130b-5p and ELK1 was analyzed using bioinformatic prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Decreased miR-130b-5p and elevated ELK1 existed in CC tissues of patients. Up-regulated miR-130b-5p decreased ELK1 expression in CC stem cells. Elevated miR-130b-5p or silenced ELK1 inhibited self-renewal ability and stemness, colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, promoted apoptosis of CC stem cells, as well as decreased the weight and volume of tumor in nude mice. ELK1 was found to be targeted by miR-130b-5p. Overexpression ELK1 effectively reversed the cellular phenotypic changes and tumor formation in vivo caused by up-regulation of miR-130b-5p. We conclude that up-regulated miR-130b-5p or silenced ELK1 inhibits CC stem cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangyuan Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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29
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He D, Zhang X, Tu J. Diagnostic significance and carcinogenic mechanism of pan-cancer gene POU5F1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8782-8800. [PMID: 32978904 PMCID: PMC7724499 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic and clinicopathological significance of POU Class 5 Homeobox 1 (POU5F1) among various cancers are disputable heretofore. The diagnostic value and functional mechanism of POU5F1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) have not been studied thoroughly. METHODS An integrative strategy of meta-analysis, bioinformatics, and wet-lab approach was used to explore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of POU5F1 in various types of tumors, especially in LIHC. Meta-analysis was utilized to investigate the impact of POU5F1 on prognosis and clinicopathological parameters in various cancers. The expression level and diagnostic value of POU5F1 were assessed by qPCR in plasma collected from LIHC patients and controls. The correlation between POU5F1 and tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in LIHC was evaluated by CIBERSORT. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed based on TCGA. Hub genes and related pathways were identified on the basis of co-expression genes of POU5F1. RESULTS Elevated POU5F1 was associated with poor OS, DFS, RFS, and DSS in various cancers. POU5F1 was confirmed as an independent risk factor for LIHC and correlated with tumor occurrence, stage, and invasion depth. The combination of POU5F1 and AFP in plasma was with high diagnostic validity (AUC = 0.902, p < .001). Specifically, the level of POU5F1 was correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes in LIHC. GSEA indicated that POU5F1 participated in multiple cancer-related pathways and cell proliferation pathways. Moreover, CBX3, CCHCR1, and NFYC were filtered as the central hub genes of POU5F1. CONCLUSION Our study identified POU5F1 as a pan-cancer gene that could not only be a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in various cancers, especially in LIHC, but functionally carcinogenic in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong He
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Clinical LabZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Clinical LabZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Clinical LabZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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30
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Fang W, Ni M, Zhang M, Chen H. Prognostic value of OCT4 in colorectal cancer: analysis using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics validation. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1473-1484. [PMID: 33185466 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was first performed to investigate the role of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The electronic databases were searched for the eligible studies. Odds ratios and hazard ratios were calculated. Functional analysis of OCT4 was examined. Results: Eight studies with 1480 CRC cases were identified. OCT4 expression was correlated with advanced clinical stage, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and distal metastasis. OCT4 was an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting worse disease-specific survival and overall survival in CRC. The functional analyses demonstrated that OCT4 was involved in multiple functions, such as cell adhesion, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, and regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Conclusion: OCT4 may be correlated with disease progression and metastasis, and could predict prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Meilin Ni
- Ningbo Customs District Technology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Yinzhou no. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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31
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Basati G, Mohammadpour H, Emami Razavi A. Association of High Expression Levels of SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 in Gastric Cancer Tumor Tissues with Progression and Poor Prognosis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 51:41-47. [PMID: 30628031 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the essential regulator genes, SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, so-called as stemness factors, is prerequisite for the tumorigenic capability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their potential role in the formation and progression of various human cancers. METHODS In this study, the expression levels of SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 were quantified by a qRT-PCR method in 100 gastric cancer tumor tissues vs the paired adjacent normal tissues. Then, the relationship between the expression of the three genes in gastric cancer tumor tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of patients was investigated. RESULTS Higher expression levels of SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 were found in gastric cancer tumor tissues compared with those in paired adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.0001). Overexpression of the mentioned genes in gastric cancer tumor tissues was resolved to be significantly associated with tumor size (P < 0.05), TNM stage (P = 0.001), tumor grade (P < 0.01), and shortened overall survival time (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicted that the stemness factors SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4 are significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer and may serve as potential biomarkers of gastric cancer progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran., Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao X, Lu H, Sun Y, Liu L, Wang H. Prognostic value of octamer binding transcription factor 4 for patients with solid tumors: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22804. [PMID: 33080755 PMCID: PMC7571959 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octamer binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is critically important in the development and progression of cancer, and is considered a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of Oct4 in patients with solid tumors remains elusive. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of Oct4 in patients with solid tumors. METHODS We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to retrieve comprehensive and eligible studies published until December 2019. The study was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/progress-free survival (PFS) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of Oct4 in patients with solid tumors via either random or fixed-effects models. RESULTS In total, 36 studies with 5198 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Notably, elevated Oct4 expression was associated with worse OS (pooled HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.55-2.62, P < .001) and DFS/RFS/PFS (pooled HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.88-2.92, P < .001). CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that patients with solid tumors show high expression of Oct4 which is linked to worse prognosis in patients with solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (OS, DFS/RFS/PFS), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OS), gastric cancer (OS), cervical cancer (OS, DFS/RFS/PFS), and colorectal cancer (OS, DFS/RFS/PFS), this implicated Oct4 as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Khosravi A, Jafari SM, Asadi J. Knockdown of TAZ decrease the cancer stem properties of ESCC cell line YM-1 by modulation of Nanog, OCT-4 and SOX2. Gene 2020; 769:145207. [PMID: 33031893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a rare population in tumors with high metastatic potential and resistance to treatment. Recent strategies in cancer treatment have focused on targeting important signaling pathways that have an important role in maintaining CSC populations. TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) is a key downstream of the Hippo pathway which plays a fundamental role in the survival of CSCs from different origins, however, no data on the role of TAZ in esophageal cancer are available. Our findings showed that esophageal CSCs enriched from the YM-1 cell line have stemness properties. We found that TAZ was strongly expressed in esophageal CSCs and knockdown of TAZ in esophageal CSCs results in reduced colony formation and cell migration. Moreover, this data indicated that TAZ knockdown reduces the expression of SOX-2, OCT-4, and Nanong in esophageal CSCs. Taken together, the results of the current study suggested that TAZ has a crucial role in the biology of esophageal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Li J, Zhang C, Yuan X, Ren Z, Yu Z. Correlations between stemness indices for hepatocellular carcinoma, clinical characteristics, and prognosis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5496-5510. [PMID: 33042433 PMCID: PMC7540154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, potential mechanisms for this have not yet been elucidated. We constructed a model based on the Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium database to generate stemness indices. We then utilized RNA-seq data and clinical information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (CGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) for model predictions and verification. An mRNA gene expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and a DNA methylation-based stemness index (mDNAsi) were both calculated through one-class logistic regression. By applying univariate Cox regression analysis, we found that the mRNAsi and the mDNAsi correlated significantly with overall survival. Functional prediction analyses were used to characterize implicated genes and their degree of involvement as network hubs through protein-protein interaction analysis, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationship between hub genes and indices for stemness. The mRNAsi values for CGA and ICGC carcinoma samples correlated significantly with negative clinical characteristics and overall survival, whereas gene and protein-protein interaction analyses revealed that SNAP25, KPT19, GABBR1, and EPCAM were negatively associated with clinical mDNAsi scores. Collectively, the data suggest that our new stemness model based on related genes may predict patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, P.R. China
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Tegginamani AS, Shivakumar VH, Kallarakkal TG, Ismail SM, Abraham MT, Bin Zamzuri AT. Analysis of octamer-binding transcription factor-4 expression in oral leukoplakia. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:400. [PMID: 33456258 PMCID: PMC7802831 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_272_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders have a risk for malignant transformation but are difficult to reliably identify and predict which patients are at the risk for malignant transformation. OCT4 has been hypothesized to play a key oncogenic driver in a variety of solid tumors. A deeper understanding of the aberrant molecular pathways which lead to carcinogenesis needs to be identified by the potential markers. Aims: To assess the OCT4 stemness factor in oral leukoplakia for its potential risk to malignant transformation. Settings and Design: 20 cases of oral leukoplakia were obtained from archives at Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating center (OCRCC) Malaysia Subjects and Methods: 20 cases of oral leukoplakia were assessed by OCT4 immunohistochemically. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was used as a control. Result: no expression of OCT 4 was observed in any cases of oral leukoplakia. Conclusion: The molecular mechanisms of Oct4 regulation and in particular of its switch on and off in tissues depends upon its microenvironment, which makes it challenging in fundamental and applied research fields of regenerative medicine and cancer therapy. It's better that patients should undergo multiple biopsies for the early detection of malignant transformation with close follow-up during the first two to three years, a large amount of work remains to be done with multi-marker panel investigation, as cure rates have remained constant over three decades.
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Bååth M, Westbom-Fremer S, Martin de la Fuente L, Ebbesson A, Davis J, Malander S, Måsbäck A, Kannisto P, Hedenfalk I. SOX2 is a promising predictor of relapse and death in advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients with residual disease after debulking surgery. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1805094. [PMID: 33235906 PMCID: PMC7671002 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1805094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX2 is a well-established and important stem cell marker. Its role in cancer biology remains unclear, but it has been proposed to also be a marker of cancer stem cells. We investigated the role of SOX2 protein expression in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) to determine its potential prognostic and treatment predictive value. We constructed a tissue microarray of 130 advanced stage HGSOC tumors with an average of 6 cores each, stained for SOX2 protein expression and evaluated survival outcomes. We also treated two HGSOC cell lines with carboplatin and paclitaxel and measured SOX2 expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting at different doses and time-points. Among patients with non-radical debulking surgery overall and progression-free survival were shorter for patients with SOX2 positive tumors (mean 26 vs. 39 months, log-rank test: p = .0076, and mean 14 vs. 19 months, p = .055, respectively). Knockdown of SOX2 in cell lines did not affect growth inhibition following chemotherapy treatment. Our results show that SOX2 has a strong prognostic potential among HGSOC patients with residual tumor tissue after debulking surgery and suggest that SOX2 expressing cells remaining after non-radical debulking surgery may constitute a subpopulation of cancer stem cells with greater tumor-initiating potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bååth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Westbom-Fremer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Ebbesson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juliette Davis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Malander
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Måsbäck
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Päivi Kannisto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Cancer stem cells and ceramide signaling: the cutting edges of immunotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8101-8111. [PMID: 32885363 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multipotent, self renewing "cancer stem cells" (CSCs), a small population within tumor microenvironment facilitates transformed cells to grow and propagate within the body. The CSCs are discovered as resistant to the chemotherapeutic drug with distinct immunological characteristics. In recent years, immunologically targeting CSCs have emerged as an integral part of effective and successful cancer therapy. CSCs notably exhibit dysregulation in conventional sub-cellular sphingolipid metabolism. Recently, ceramide decaying enzymes have been shown to activate alternative ceramide signaling pathways leading to reduction in efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, a control over ceramide mediated modulations of CSCs offers an attractive dimension of effective cancer treatment strategy in future. In this review, we focused on the recent findings on broad spectrum of ceramide mediated signaling in CSCs within the tumor niche and their role in potential cancer immunotherapy.
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Gaponova AV, Rodin S, Mazina AA, Volchkov PV. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Cancer Progression and the Perspectives of Antitumor Treatment. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:4-23. [PMID: 33173593 PMCID: PMC7604894 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 90% of all malignant tumors are of epithelial nature. The epithelial tissue is characterized by a close interconnection between cells through cell-cell interactions, as well as a tight connection with the basement membrane, which is responsible for cell polarity. These interactions strictly determine the location of epithelial cells within the body and are seemingly in conflict with the metastatic potential that many cancers possess (the main criteria for highly malignant tumors). Tumor dissemination into vital organs is one of the primary causes of death in patients with cancer. Tumor dissemination is based on the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process when epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells possessing high mobility and migration potential. More and more studies elucidating the role of the EMT in metastasis and other aspects of tumor progression are published each year, thus forming a promising field of cancer research. In this review, we examine the most recent data on the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms that activate EMT and the role they play in various aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, apoptotic resistance, and immune evasion, aspects that have usually been attributed exclusively to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In conclusion, we provide a detailed review of the approved and promising drugs for cancer therapy that target the components of the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Gaponova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - S. Rodin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - A. A. Mazina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - P. V. Volchkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
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39
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Peptide-conjugated liposomes for targeted miR-34a delivery to suppress breast cancer and cancer stem-like population. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Mcgrath NA, Fu J, Gu SZ, Xie C. Targeting cancer stem cells in cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:397-408. [PMID: 32468022 PMCID: PMC7307587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has been increasing steadily over the past 50 years, but the survival rates remained low due to the disease being highly resistant to non-surgical treatment interventions. Cancer stem cell markers are expressed in cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting that they serve a significant role in the physiology of the disease. Cancer stem cells are frequently implicated in tumor relapse and acquired resistance to a number of therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy, radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Novel targeted therapies to eradicate cancer stem cells may assist in overcoming treatment resistance in cholangiocarcinoma and reduce the rates of relapse and recurrence. Several signaling pathways have been previously documented to regulate the development and survival of cancer stem cells, including Notch, janus kinase/STAT, Hippo/yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. Although pharmacological agents have been developed to target these pathways, only modest effects were reported in clinical trials. The Hippo/YAP1 signaling pathway has come to the forefront in the field of cancer stem cell research due to its reported involvement in epithelium-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, organogenesis and tumorigenesis. In the present article, recent findings in terms of cancer stem cell research in cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed, where the potential therapeutic targeting of cancer stem cells in this disease was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Mcgrath
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jianyang Fu
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sophie Z Gu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20215, USA
| | - Changqing Xie
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Mashayekhi P, Noruzinia M, Khodaverdi S. Deregulation of Stemness-Related Genes in Endometriotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Further Evidence for Self-Renewal/Differentiation Imbalance. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:333-9. [PMID: 32429647 PMCID: PMC7392139 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.5.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Any irregularities in self-renewal/differentiation balance in endometriotic MSCs can change their fate and function, resulting in endometriosis development. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of OCT4 transcripts (OCT4A, OCT4B, and OCT4B1), SOX2, and NANOG in endometriotic MSCs to show their aberrant expression and to support self-renewal/differentiation imbalance in these cells. Methods: MSCs were isolated from three endometriotic and three normal endometrium samples and characterized and analyzed for the expressions of OCT4A, OCT4B, OCT4B1, SOX2, and NANOG using the qRT-PCR. Results: The expressions of OCT4 transcripts and NANOG increased significantly in endometriotic MSCs, whereas SOX2 expression did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: Our findings provide further evidence for confirming the self-renewal/ differentiation imbalance in endometriotic MSCs, as the main underlying cause of endometriosis development. This study also paves the way for further research on endometriosis treatment by focusing on endometriotic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mashayekhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Noruzinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaverdi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Cellular Functions of OCT-3/4 Regulated by Ubiquitination in Proliferating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030663. [PMID: 32178477 PMCID: PMC7139964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT-3/4), which is involved in the tumorigenesis of somatic cancers, has diverse functions during cancer development. Overexpression of OCT-3/4 has been detected in various human somatic tumors, indicating that OCT-3/4 activation may contribute to the development and progression of cancers. Stem cells can undergo self-renewal, pluripotency, and reprogramming with the help of at least four transcription factors, OCT-3/4, SRY box-containing gene 2 (SOX2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and c-MYC. Of these, OCT-3/4 plays a critical role in maintenance of undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Stem cells can undergo partitioning through mitosis and separate into specific cell types, three embryonic germ layers: the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the trophectoderm. It has been demonstrated that the stability of OCT-3/4 is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is one of the key cellular mechanisms for cellular homeostasis. The framework of the mechanism is simple, but the proteolytic machinery is complicated. Ubiquitination promotes protein degradation, and ubiquitination of OCT-3/4 leads to regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, it is expected that OCT-3/4 may play a key role in proliferation and differentiation of proliferating cells.
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Grubelnik G, Boštjančič E, Pavlič A, Kos M, Zidar N. NANOG expression in human development and cancerogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:456-464. [PMID: 32041418 PMCID: PMC7082888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220905560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG is an important stem cell transcription factor involved in human development and cancerogenesis. Its expression is complex and regulated on different levels. Moreover, NANOG protein might regulate hundreds of target genes at the same time. NANOG is crucial for preimplantation development phase and progressively decreases during embryonic stem cells differentiation, thus regulating embryonic and fetal development. Postnatally, NANOG is undetectable or expressed in very low amounts in the majority of human tissues. NANOG re-expression can be detected during cancerogenesis, already in precancerous lesions, with increasing levels of NANOG in high grade dysplasia. NANOG is believed to enable cancer cells to obtain stem-cell like properties, which are believed to be the source of expanding growth, tumor maintenance, metastasis formation, and tumor relapse. High NANOG expression in cancer is frequently associated with advanced stage, poor differentiation, worse overall survival, and resistance to treatment, and is therefore a promising prognostic and predictive marker. We summarize the current knowledge on the role of NANOG in cancerogenesis and development, including our own experience. We provide a critical overview of NANOG as a prognostic and diagnostic factor, including problems regarding its regulation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Grubelnik
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Pavlič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marina Kos
- Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice and University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Wang S, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhan X, Wu T, Chen B, Sun G, Yan S, Xu L. The role of SOX2 overexpression in prognosis of patients with solid tumors: A meta-analysis and system review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19604. [PMID: 32221082 PMCID: PMC7220337 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have been done to reported the value of SRY-related HMG-box Gene 2 (SOX2) in prognosis of solid tumors. But results were not particularly consistent among these studies because of the limitations of the small sample data. METHODS We searched relevant studies published before November 2018 by PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE. In this meta-analysis, hazard ratio (HR) values for overall survival (OS) were cumulatively pooled and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS A meta-analysis based on 12 studies with 3318 patients was conducted to assess the potential correlation between SOX2 overexpression and OS in human solid tumors. A total of 12 studies (n = 3318) were assessed in the meta-analysis. It suggested that the high expression of SOX2 obviously indicates poor survival and prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In the univariate analysis, the combined HR for OS was 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-1.89, P < .001). The pooled HR of multivariate analysis for OS was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.71, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that the high expression level of SOX2 is significantly associated with a decline in survival of human with solid tumors. On the basis of the expression level in solid tumors, SOX2 is expected to be a meaningful prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
| | - Xiaozhen Zhan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
| | - Tujin Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
| | - Guangwen Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Songling Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital,
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Yang F, Chen S, He S, Huo Q, Hu Y, Xie N. YB-1 interplays with ERα to regulate the stemness and differentiation of ER-positive breast cancer stem cells. Theranostics 2020; 10:3816-3832. [PMID: 32206124 PMCID: PMC7069074 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Some stemness-associated transcription factors consistently play essential roles in the maintenance of pluripotency or induce the differentiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the regulatory mechanism of CSC stemness mediated by transcription factors has not been extensively explored. Here, we show that two transcription factors (YB-1 and ERα), which are simultaneously highly expressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive CSCs, interact with each other to regulate the stemness and differentiation of ER-positive CSCs. Methods: The expression of YB-1 was examined in ER-positive CSCs and patient specimens. Western blot, real-time PCR, cell viability analysis, tumorsphere formation assay and subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays were used to study the stemness functions of YB-1 and ERα in CSCs. The relationship between YB-1 and ERα in cells was studied by promoter activity analysis, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and the Co-IP assay. The mechanisms and functional significance of YB-1 in the sensitivity of CSCs to tamoxifen were further investigated with both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: YB-1 was aberrantly upregulated in the cancerous tissue of ER-positive breast cancer patients and in CSCs. Knockdown of YB-1 in ER-positive CSCs significantly inhibited cell stemness and induced differentiation, and the expression of YB-1 could be regulated by estrogen signaling and ERα in ER-positive breast CSCs. The Co-IP results showed that YB-1 interacted directly with ERα specifically in ER-positive non-CSCs and that YB-1 induced ERα degradation by ubiquitination via direct interaction in differentiated cells. Cell differentiation induced by FBS could inhibit YB-1 phosphorylation and promote YB-1 protein transfer from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Moreover, cell differentiation induced by targeting inhibited the expression of YB-1 in ER-positive CSCs, which increased the sensitivity of cells to tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: The ERα/YB-1 axis has an important role in the regulation of ER-positive breast cancer stemness. The dephosphorylation of YB-1 and the interaction between YB-1 and ERα may be the switch that initiates the differentiation of ER-positive CSCs. Targeting YB-1 to sensitize ER-positive CSCs to antiestrogen therapy might represent a new therapeutic strategy that warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen institute of advanced technology, Chinese academy of sciences, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan He
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Huo
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Hu
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
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Identification of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Head and Neck Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020324. [PMID: 32019273 PMCID: PMC7072148 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many cancer types. This study identified and characterized CSCs in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma (HNmMM) to regional lymph nodes using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining performed on 20 HNmMM tissue samples demonstrated expression of iPSC markers OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC in all samples, while NANOG was expressed at low levels in two samples. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining demonstrated an OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests (TNs) and another within the peritumoral stroma (PTS) of HNmMM tissues. IF also showed expression of NANOG by some OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ cells within the TNs in an HNmMM tissue sample that expressed NANOG on IHC staining. In situ hybridization (n = 6) and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 5) on the HNmMM samples confirmed expression of all five iPSC markers. Western blotting of primary cell lines derived from four of the 20 HNmMM tissue samples showed expression of SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC but not OCT4 and NANOG, and three of these cell lines formed tumorspheres in vitro. We demonstrate the presence of two putative CSC subpopulations within HNmMM, which may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.
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Pourbagher R, Akhavan-Niaki H, Jorsaraei SGA, Fattahi S, Sabour D, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Ghasemi M, Golpour M, Mostafazadeh A. Targeting LA7 breast cancer stem cells of rat through repressing the genes of stemness-related transcription factors using three different biological fluids. Gene 2020; 734:144381. [PMID: 31978510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of stemness genes expression is important in differentiation therapy against cancer stem cells (CSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oct4 , Sox2, Nanog, and C-myc expression in rat breast cancer stem cells (LA7) which treated with human ovarian follicular fluid (FF), replicative senescent fibroblast culture supernatant (P14), and 16 h serum starved fibroblast supernatant (16 h-SFS). The cells were exposed to these biological fluids for 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Stem-loop RT-qPCR assay was used to quantify the expression of above mentioned genes. Results showed that FF had the least cytotoxic effect on the LA7 cells. Except for Nanog gene, exposure of LA7 cell line to 16 h-SFS and P14 decreased significantly expression of the three other genes after 24 h (P < 0.05). Nanog and Sox2 genes expression was also decreased in LA7 cells which have been already treated with FF for 24 h. Moreover, compared to the control solution, the expression of Oct4 increased significantly after 7 days exposure to FF (P < 0.05). Annexin V-PE /7-AAD-, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and doubling time assays revealed apoptosis and necrosis induction by these biological fluids in LA7 cells. Moreover, in an in vitro model of metastasis assay, i.e., scratch test, these fluids exhibited anti-LA7 migration activity which culminated in 16 h-SFS treated cells. Generally, this study showed that FF, 16 h-SFS, and P14 have positive effects on down-regulation of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 and C-myc expression, and consequently can increase the differentiation of breast cancer stem cells. For the first time, this study provided some evidence indicating that some biological fluids have potential to differentiate the CSCs, show anti- survival, growth-, and cell migration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsaraei
- Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abedian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Genes Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of Pluripotency Are Expressed in Malignant Tumors of the Uterine Cervix and Can Induce Tumorigenic Capacity in a Nontumorigenic Cell Line. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7683817. [PMID: 31885625 PMCID: PMC6914900 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7683817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC, and NANOG (OSKM-N) regulate pluripotency and stemness, and their ectopic expression reprograms human and murine fibroblasts that constitute the key of regenerative medicine. To determine their contribution to cell transformation, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of these transcription factors in cervical cancer samples and found that they are preferentially expressed in the tumor component. Also, cancer stem cell-enriched cultures grown as sphere cultures showed overexpression of OSKM-N genes. Importantly, we observed that lentiviral-mediated transduction of these factors confers, to a nontumorigenic immortalized human cell line, properties of cancer stem cells as the ability to form tumors in a mouse model. When we performed a meta-analysis using microarray data from cervical cancer biopsies and normal tissues, we found that the expression of OSKM-N and some target genes allowed separating tumor and normal tissues between samples, which enhanced the importance of OSKM-N in the tumorigenesis. Finally, we analyzed and compared both transcript and protein expression profiles of these factors within a cohort of patients with cervical cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the expression of OSKM-N is described to induce one of the main characteristics of the cancer stem cell, the tumorigenicity. And, more importantly, its exogenous expression in a nontumorigenic cell line is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype; furthermore, the differential expression of this transcription factor distinguishes tumor tissue and normal tissue in cervical samples.
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Phi LTH, Wijaya YT, Sari IN, Kim KS, Yang YG, Lee MW, Kwon HY. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Influences Cancer Stem Cell Properties and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer via the SNAIL Signaling Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10885-10895. [PMID: 31849492 PMCID: PMC6912006 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as central drivers of cancer relapse in many cancers. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3R), a major active component of ginseng saponin, on CSC-like cells and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on the colony-forming, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of CRC cells were determined in HT29 and SW620 cell lines in vitro. Further, ginsenoside Rg3R was given intraperitoneally at 5mg/kg of mouse body weight to check its effect on the metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Results Ginsenoside Rg3R significantly inhibited CSC properties, but did not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment significantly inhibited the motility of CRC cells based on migration, invasion, and wound-healing assays. The inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on CRC are potentially mediated by significant down-regulation of the expression of stemness genes and EMT markers in CRC cells in a SNAIL-dependent manner. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment decreased both the number and size of tumor nodules in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues in a metastasis mouse model. Conclusion These findings highlighted the potential use of ginsenoside Rg3R in clinical applications for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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50
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Honorato JR, Hauser-Davis RA, Saggioro EM, Correia FV, Sales-Junior SF, Soares LOS, Lima LDR, Moura-Neto V, Lopes GPDF, Spohr TCLDS. Role of Sonic hedgehog signaling in cell cycle, oxidative stress, and autophagy of temozolomide resistant glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3798-3814. [PMID: 31613002 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first-line chemotherapy treatment for Glioblastoma (GBM) - the most aggressive and frequent brain tumor - is temozolomide (TMZ). The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is involved with GBM tumorigenesis and TMZ chemoresistance. The role of SHH pathway inhibition in the potentiation of TMZ's effects using T98G, U251, and GBM11 cell lines is investigated herein. The combination of GANT-61 and TMZ over 72 hr suggested a synergistic effect. All TMZ-resistant cell lines displayed a significant decrease in cell viability, increased DNA fragmentation and loss of membrane integrity. For T98G cells, G2 /M arrest was observed, while U251 cells presented a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production and catalase activity. All the cell lines presented acidic vesicles formation correlated to Beclin-1 overexpression. The combined treatment also enhanced GLI1 expression, indicating the presence of select resistant cells. The selective inhibition of the SHH pathway potentiated the cytotoxic effect of TMZ, thus becoming a promising in vitro strategy for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Honorato
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel A Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico M Saggioro
- Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio V Correia
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sidney F Sales-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorena O S Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro da R Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle P de F Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Biotecnologia Marinha, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM)/Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania C L de S Spohr
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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