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Blood and Urinary Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080726. [PMID: 36005598 PMCID: PMC9416438 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Antipsychotic (AP)-induced MetS (AIMetS) is the most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) of psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Herein, we review the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and urinary biomarkers as predictors of AIMetS in patients with schizophrenia (Sch). We reviewed 1440 studies examining 38 blood and 19 urinary metabolic biomarkers, including urinary indicators involved in the development of AIMetS. Among the results, only positive associations were revealed. However, at present, it should be recognized that there is no consensus on the role of any particular urinary biomarker of AIMetS. Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of the development of MetS and AIMetS, as one of the most common concomitant pathological conditions in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, may provide a key to the development of strategies for personalized prevention and treatment of the condition, which is considered a complication of AP therapy for Sch in clinical practice.
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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Effects of interleukin-1 antagonism and corticosteroids on fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7911. [PMID: 33846498 PMCID: PMC8041761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is elevated in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Although the exact underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined, chronic low-grade inflammation with increased Interleukin-(IL)-1β expression may be responsible. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of two different anti-inflammatory treatments (IL-1 antagonism or high-dose corticosteroids) on FGF21 in patients with the metabolic syndrome. This is a secondary analysis of two interventional studies in patients with obesity and features of the metabolic syndrome. Trial A was an interventional trial (n = 73) investigating short-term effects of the IL-1 antagonist anakinra and of dexamethasone. Trial B was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial (n = 67) investigating longer-term effects of IL-1 antagonism. In total, 140 patients were included in both trials. Median age was 55 years (IQR 44-66), 26% were female and median BMI was 37 kg/m2 (IQR 34-39). Almost half of the patients were diabetic (45%) and had increased c-reactive protein levels of 3.4 mg/L. FGF21 levels correlated with fasting glucose levels, HOMA-index, C-peptide levels, HbA1c and BMI. Short-term treatment with anakinra led to a reduction of FGF21 levels by - 200 pg/mL (95%CI - 334 to - 66; p = 0.004). No effect was detectable after longer-term treatment (between-group difference: - 8.8 pg/mL (95%CI - 130.9 to 113.3; p = 0.89). Acute treatment with dexamethasone was associated with reductions of FGF21 by -175 pg/mL (95%CI - 236 to - 113; p < 0.001). Anti-inflammatory treatment with both, IL-1 antagonism and corticosteroids reduced FGF21 levels at short-term in individuals with the metabolic syndrome.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02672592 and NCT00757276.
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Cruz-Bautista I, Huerta-Chagoya A, Moreno-Macías H, Rodríguez-Guillén R, Ordóñez-Sánchez ML, Segura-Kato Y, Mehta R, Almeda-Valdés P, Gómez-Munguía L, Ruiz-De Chávez X, Rosas-Flota X, Andrade-Amado A, Bernal-Barroeta B, López-Carrasco MG, Guillén-Pineda LE, López-Estrada A, Elías-López D, Martagón-Rosado AJ, Gómez-Velasco D, Lam-Chung CE, Bello-Chavolla OY, Del Razo-Olvera F, Cetina-Pérez LD, Acosta-Rodríguez JL, Tusié-Luna MT, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Familial hypertriglyceridemia: an entity with distinguishable features from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:14. [PMID: 33588820 PMCID: PMC7885394 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) is a partially characterized primary dyslipidemia which is frequently confused with other forms hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this work is to search for specific features that can help physicians recognize this disease. METHODS This study included 84 FHTG cases, 728 subjects with common mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (CHTG) and 609 normotriglyceridemic controls. All subjects underwent genetic, clinical and biochemical assessments. A set of 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with triglycerides levels, as well as 37 rare variants within the five main genes associated with hypertriglyceridemia (i.e. LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 and GPIHBP1) were analyzed. A panel of endocrine regulatory proteins associated with triglycerides homeostasis were compared between the FHTG and CHTG groups. RESULTS Apolipoprotein B, fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF-21), angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations, were independent components of a model to detect FHTG compared with CHTG (AUC 0.948, 95%CI 0.901-0.970, 98.5% sensitivity, 92.2% specificity, P < 0.001). The polygenic set of SNPs, accounted for 1.78% of the variance in triglyceride levels in FHTG and 6.73% in CHTG. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and genetic differences observed between FHTG and CHTG supports the notion that FHTG is a unique entity, distinguishable from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia by the higher concentrations of insulin, FGF-21, ANGPTL3, apo A-II and lower levels of apo B. We propose the inclusion of these parameters as useful markers for differentiating FHTG from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- CONACyT. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hortensia Moreno-Macías
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Economía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Rodríguez-Guillén
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Ordóñez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yayoi Segura-Kato
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roopa Mehta
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paloma Almeda-Valdés
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Gómez-Munguía
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Ruiz-De Chávez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ximena Rosas-Flota
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arali Andrade-Amado
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Bernal-Barroeta
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe López-Carrasco
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Elizabeth Guillén-Pineda
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelina López-Estrada
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Elías-López
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandro J Martagón-Rosado
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Donají Gómez-Velasco
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Ernesto Lam-Chung
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Del Razo-Olvera
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucely D Cetina-Pérez
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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Vaňková M, Vacínová G, Včelák J, Vejražková D, Lukášová P, Rusina R, Holmerová I, Jarolímová E, Vaňková H, Bendlová B. Plasma levels of adipokines in patients with Alzheimer's disease - where is the "breaking point" in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis? Physiol Res 2020; 69:S339-S349. [PMID: 33094632 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral insulin resistance is associated with decreasing adiponectin and increasing leptin plasma levels, and also with cognitive decline. The effects of adipokines on brain function have been published from both animal and human studies. In particular, the influence of leptin and adiponectin on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively investigated. However, the association between adipsin and AD is as yet unknown. In 37 patients with AD and 65 controls that followed the same study protocol, we tested whether adiponectin, leptin, and adipsin could be used as biomarkers in the early stages of AD. In contrast with conclusions of cognition studies in insulin resistant states, our study found a correlation of impaired neuropsychological performance with increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin in AD patients. Nevertheless, no significant differences between patients and controls were found. AD women had significantly increased adipsin compared to controls, and there was a positive correlation of adipsin with age and disease duration. Although adipokines do not appear to be suitable biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, they certainly play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Further studies will be needed to explain the cause of the adipokine "breaking point" that leads to the pathogenesis of overt AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaňková
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Karasek D, Krystynik O, Goldmannova D, Cibickova L, Schovanek J. Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:54-60. [PMID: 34907726 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) are adipokines closely associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to compare their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls and determine their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS Women with GDM, T2DM and healthy women were included in this cross-sectional study. In addition to adipokines, anthropometric, lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and glucose control were assessed in all participants. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls (n = 35) significantly lower levels of adiponectin were detected in women with GDM (n = 50), whereas in women with T2DM (n = 50) higher levels of A-FABP and WISP-1 and lower levels of adiponectin were found. Women with T2DM had also lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of A-FABP compared to women with GDM. A-FABP and adiponectin were independently associated with levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide insulin resistance index. WISP-1 correlated only with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Adverse adipokines production reflecting dysfunctional fat tissue is less presented in women with GDM than in women with T2DM, but more expressed compared to healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Krystynik
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Goldmannova
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Cibickova
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Schovanek
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Henriksson E, Andersen B. FGF19 and FGF21 for the Treatment of NASH-Two Sides of the Same Coin? Differential and Overlapping Effects of FGF19 and FGF21 From Mice to Human. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:601349. [PMID: 33414764 PMCID: PMC7783467 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.601349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF19 and FGF21 analogues are currently in clinical development for the potential treatment of NASH. In Phase 2 clinical trials analogues of FGF19 and FGF21 decrease hepatic steatosis with up to 70% (MRI-PDFF) after 12 weeks and as early as 12-16 weeks of treatment an improvement in NASH resolution and fibrosis has been observed. Therefore, this class of compounds is currently of great interest in the field of NASH. FGF19 and FGF21 belong to the endocrine FGF19 subfamily and both require the co-receptor beta-klotho for binding and signalling through the FGF receptors. FGF19 is expressed in the ileal enterocytes and is released into the enterohepatic circulation in response to bile acids stimuli and in the liver FGF19 inhibits hepatic bile acids synthesis by transcriptional regulation of Cyp7A1, which is the rate limiting enzyme. FGF21 is, on the other hand, highly expressed in the liver and is released in response to high glucose, high free-fatty acids and low amino-acid supply and regulates energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis by actions in the CNS and in the adipose tissue. FGF19 and FGF21 are differentially expressed, have distinct target tissues and separate physiological functions. It is therefore of peculiar interest to understand why treatment with both FGF19 and FGF21 analogues have strong beneficial effects on NASH parameters in mice and human and whether the mode of action is overlapping This review will highlight the physiological and pharmacological effects of FGF19 and FGF21. The potential mode of action behind the anti-steatotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of FGF19 and FGF21 will be discussed. Finally, development of drugs is always a risk benefit analysis and the human relevance of adverse effects observed in pre-clinical species as well as findings in humans will be discussed. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of this drug class for the potential treatment of NASH.
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Gao RY, Hsu BG, Wu DA, Hou JS, Chen MC. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Positively Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:5163245. [PMID: 31582974 PMCID: PMC6754922 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5163245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a potent metabolic regulator. Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum FGF21 levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in T2DM patients. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 126 T2DM patients. MetS and its components were defined according to the diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Serum FGF21 concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Among these patients, 84 (66.7%) had MetS. Female gender, hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), triglyceride level (TG), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and FGF21 levels were higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower in DM patients with MetS. Univariate linear analysis revealed that hypertension, BMI, WC, body fat mass, SBP, DBP, logarithmically transformed TG (log-TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, log-glucose, log-creatinine, log-UACR, log-insulin, and log-HOMA-IR positively correlated, whereas HDL-C and eGFR negatively correlated with serum FGF21 levels in T2DM patients. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that body fat mass (adjusted R 2 change = 0.218; P=0.008) and log-TG (adjusted R 2 change = 0.036; P < 0.001) positively correlated, whereas eGFR (adjusted R 2 change = 0.033; P=0.013) negatively correlated with serum FGF21 levels in T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that higher serum FGF21 levels were positively associated with MetS in T2DM patients and significantly positively related to body fat mass and TG but negatively related to eGFR in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yao Gao
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Du-An Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sian Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wong YK, Cheung CYY, Tang CS, Au KW, Hai JSH, Lee CH, Lau KK, Cheung BMY, Sham PC, Xu A, Lam KSL, Tse HF. Age-Biomarkers-Clinical Risk Factors for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2519-2527. [PMID: 30354221 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective- In patients with stable coronary artery disease, conventional risk factors provide limited incremental predictive value for cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate whether a panel of cardiometabolic biomarkers alone or combined with conventional risk factors would exhibit incremental value in the prediction of cardiovascular events. Approach and Results- In the discovery cohort, we measured serum adiponectin, A-FABP (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein), lipocalin-2, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-19 and 21, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and retinol-binding protein-4 in 1166 Chinese coronary artery disease patients. After a median follow-up of 35 months, 170 patients developed new-onset major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In the model with age ≥65 years and conventional risk factors, area under the curve for predicting MACE was 0.68. Addition of lipocalin-2 to the age-clinical risk factor model improved predictive accuracy (area under the curve=0.73). Area under the curve further increased to 0.75 when a combination of lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19 was added to yield age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model. The adjusted hazard ratio on MACEs for lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19 levels above optimal cutoffs were 2.23 (95% CI, 1.62-3.08), 1.99 (95% CI, 1.43-2.76), and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.15-2.35), respectively. In the validation cohort of 1262 coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model was confirmed to provide good discrimination and calibration over the conventional risk factor alone for prediction of MACE. Conclusions- A combination of the 3 biomarkers, lipocalin-2, A-FABP, and FGF-19, with clinical risk factors to yield the age-biomarkers-clinical risk factor model provides an optimal and validated prediction of new-onset MACE in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Kwun Wong
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Y Y Cheung
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara S Tang
- Department of Surgery (C.S.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Wing Au
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - JoJo S H Hai
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui-Kai Lau
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard M Y Cheung
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory in Brain and Cognitive Sciences (P.-C.S.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X., K.S.L.L.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy (A.X.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X., K.S.L.L.), the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.-K.W., C.Y.Y.C., K.-W.A., J.S.H.H., C.-H.L., K.-K.L., B.M.Y.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation (H.-F.T.), the University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, China (H.-F.T.)
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10
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Potential exerkines for physical exercise-elicited pro-cognitive effects: Insight from clinical and animal research. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:361-395. [PMID: 31607361 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is now known as a critical risk factor for accelerated aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. In contract, having regular physical exercise has opposite effects. Clinical findings have suggested that physical exercise can promote brain plasticity, particularly the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, that are important for learning and memory and mood regulations. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Animal studies reveal that the effects of physical exercise on promoting neuroplasticity could be mediated by different exerkines derived from the peripheral system and the brain itself. This book chapter summarizes the recent evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies showing the emerging mediators for exercise-promoted brain health, including myokines secreted from skeletal muscles, adipokines from adipose tissues, and other factors secreted from the bone and liver.
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11
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Furuhashi M, Matsumoto M, Murase T, Nakamura T, Higashiura Y, Koyama M, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Independent links between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity and levels of adipokines. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1059-1067. [PMID: 30516339 PMCID: PMC6626953 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes uric acid formation in the purine metabolism, is involved in an increase in reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity has been shown to be associated with obesity, smoking, liver dysfunction, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The association between plasma XOR activity, measured by using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and levels of adipokines, including adiponectin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), was investigated in 282 participants (male/female: 126/156) of the Tanno-Sobetsu Study who were not taking medication. RESULTS Women had lower plasma XOR activity than did men. Smoking habit was associated with increased activity. Plasma XOR activity was positively correlated with concentrations of FABP4 (r = 0.192, P < 0.001) and FGF21 (r = 0.208, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as an index of insulin resistance and uric acid, and was negatively correlated with adiponectin level (r = -0.243, P = 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that levels of adiponectin, FABP4 and FGF21 were independent determinants of plasma XOR activity after adjusting age, sex, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. With additional adjustment of smoking habit, the level of FABP4, but not that of adiponectin or FGF21, remained as an independent predictor of plasma XOR activity. CONCLUSIONS Plasma XOR activity was independently associated with levels of adipokines in a general population of individuals not taking medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | | | | | - Yukimura Higashiura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masayuki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of Public HealthSchool of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Norihito Moniwa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of Public HealthSchool of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of NursingDivision of Medical and Behavioral SubjectsSapporo Medical University School of Health SciencesSapporoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
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12
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Keuper M, Häring HU, Staiger H. Circulating FGF21 Levels in Human Health and Metabolic Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:752-770. [PMID: 31108554 DOI: 10.1055/a-0879-2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is primarily produced and secreted by the liver as a hepatokine. This hormone circulates to its target tissues (e. g., brain, adipose tissue), which requires two components, one of the preferred FGF receptor isoforms (FGFR1c and FGFR3c) and the co-factor beta-Klotho (KLB) to trigger downstream signaling pathways. Although targeting FGF21 signaling in humans by analogues and receptor agonists results in beneficial effects, e. g., improvements in plasma lipids and decreased body weight, it failed to recapitulate the improvements in glucose handling shown for many mouse models. FGF21's role and metabolic effects in mice and its therapeutic potential have extensively been reviewed elsewhere. In this review we focus on circulating FGF21 levels in humans and their associations with disease and clinical parameters, focusing primarily on obesity and obesity-associated diseases such as type-2 diabetes. We provide a comprehensive overview on human circulating FGF21 levels under normal physiology and metabolic disease. We discuss the emerging field of inactivating FGF21 in human blood by fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and its potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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KARASEK D, SPURNA J, KUBICKOVA V, KRYSTYNIK O, CIBICKOVA L, SCHOVANEK J, GOLDMANNOVA D. Association of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor With von Willebrand Factor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Physiol Res 2019; 68:409-418. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare circulating pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) levels in type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS+/-) to healthy controls and assess PEDF association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Fifty T2D individuals and forty healthy controls were included. PEDF, PAI-1, vWF, anthropological parameters, lipids, and markers of insulin resistance were investigated in all subjects. Compared to controls only MetS+ diabetics had higher PEDF levels [14.2 (10.2-16.0) mg/l vs. 11.1 (8.6-14.4) mg/l; p<0.05]. PEDF significantly correlated: positively with body mass index (ρ=0.25), smoking (ρ=0.21), C-reactive protein (ρ=0.22), triglycerides (ρ=0.38), non-HDL-cholesterol (ρ=0.39), apolipoprotein B (ρ=0.38), fasting glucose (ρ=0.22), glycated hemoglobin (ρ=0.24), C-peptide (ρ=0.28), insulin (ρ=0.26); and negatively with HDL-cholesterol (ρ=-0.42) and apolipoprotein A1 (ρ=-0.27). Independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- subjects was found. Significantly elevated PEDF in T2DMet+ patients and its association with adverse metabolic profile confirmed PEDF as a marker of insulin resistance. Negative independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- patients may reveal its angio-protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. KARASEK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J. SPURNA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - V. KUBICKOVA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - O. KRYSTYNIK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. CIBICKOVA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J. SCHOVANEK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D. GOLDMANNOVA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Yafei S, Elsewy F, Youssef E, Ayman M, El-Shafei M. Fibroblast growth factor 21 association with subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:882-888. [PMID: 30641825 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association of serum FGF21 with subclinical atherosclerosis and pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, in type 2 diabetes Egyptian patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fasting serum FGF21 was measured in 120 type 2 diabetes patients without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (mean age 51.1 ± 7.7 years; 63.3 women). In addition to basic laboratory tests, serum adiponectin and ultrasonographic examination of CIMT, ankle brachial index (ABI) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were performed. RESULTS Patients with subclinical atherosclerosis have higher serum FGF21 than those without (218 ± 66.8 pg/mL Vs 170 ± 43.1 pg/mL, P < 0.001). FGF21 correlated positively with CIMT and cfPWV (P < 0.001) regardless of patient gender. In logistic regression analysis, circulating FGF21 was found to be an independent predictor for subclinical atherosclerosis (P = 0.023) in addition to dyslipidemia, hypertension and adiponectin. FGF21 was also found to be an independent determinant of cfPWV in stepwise multiple regression analysis. ROC curve analysis was done and cutoff high risk FGF21 level of 184 pg/mL for the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7%. CONCLUSIONS Serum FGF21 levels correlated with carotid intima media thickness and predict subclinical atherosclerosis. Serum FGF21 is also correlated positively with cfPWV and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yafei
- Diabetes & Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Fathy Elsewy
- Diabetes & Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman Youssef
- Diabetes & Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Ayman
- Cardiology and Angiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Shafei
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Factors associated with cognitive impairment in elderly versus nonelderly patients with metabolic syndrome: the different roles of FGF21. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5174. [PMID: 29581470 PMCID: PMC5980096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels have been found in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is also associated with cognitive decline. However, the correlation between FGF21 and cognitive decline in elderly and nonelderly MetS patients has not been investigated. 116 non-elderly patients (age <65 years old) and 96 elderly patients (≥65 years old) with MetS were enrolled. Blood samples for FGF21 were collected from all participants after 12-hour fasting. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test. The MoCA score was negatively associated with age and was different among different levels of education in these MetS patients. In the non-elderly group, body mass index (BMI) showed positively correlated with MoCA score while, FGF21 level and HbA1C were negatively associated with the MoCA score in non-elderly MetS patients. BMI was the only factor which showed a negative correlation with the MoCA score in elderly MetS patients. This study demonstrated that FGF21 level was independently associated with cognitive impairment in non-elderly patients but not in elderly patients. The possible role of FGF21 level in cognitive impairment in non-elderly should be confirmed in a prospective study.
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16
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Pathak K, Woodman RJ, James AP, Soares MJ. Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures: a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1421-1430. [PMID: 29326420 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cold exposure increases thermogenesis and could improve insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized a blunted response in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS Twenty older adults 59 ± 10.4 years (with MetS, MetS+, n = 9; without MetS, MetS-, n = 11) completed a randomized crossover design of 3.5 h exposures to 20, 25 and 27 °C on three visits. After an hour's rest at the desired temperature, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), forearm to fingertip gradients (FFG), and in the ear temperature (IET) were measured over 30 min. An oral glucose tolerance test followed, and serial measurements were continued for 2 h. Venous blood was sampled for clinical chemistry, irisin, and fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21). A mixed model ANCOVA adjusted data for age, gender, fat mass, fat-free mass and seasonality. RESULTS There was a significant MetS×temperature interaction where adjusted RMR was significantly higher in MetS+ compared to MetS- by 12% at 20 °C and by 6% at 25 °C, but similar at 27 °C. FFG increased and IET decreased with decreasing temperature to the same extent in both groups. Fasting irisin and FGF21 did not vary with temperature but the former was significantly higher in MetS-. Adjusted postprandial RQ and insulin to glucose ratios were significantly higher at 20 °C relative to 25 °C. Partial correlation analysis of differences between 27 and 20 °C indicated significant positive relationships between fasting as well as postprandial RQ and the respective changes in irisin and FGF21. CONCLUSIONS There could be an upward shift of the TNZ in MetS+, but this needs reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pathak
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - R J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Science Building, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - A P James
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Staiger H, Keuper M, Berti L, Hrabe de Angelis M, Häring HU. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Metabolic Role in Mice and Men. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:468-488. [PMID: 28938407 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its identification in 2000, the interest of scientists in the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has tremendously grown, and still remains high, due to a wealth of very robust data documenting this factor's favorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. For more than ten years now, intense in vivo and ex vivo experimentation addressed the physiological functions of FGF21 in humans as well as its pathophysiological role and pharmacological effects in human metabolic disease. This work produced a comprehensive collection of data revealing overlaps in FGF21 expression and function but also significant differences between mice and humans that have to be considered before translation from bench to bedside can be successful. This review summarizes what is known about FGF21 in mice and humans with a special focus on this factor's role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We highlight the discrepancies between mice and humans and try to decipher their underlying reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Keuper
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Postprandial changes in glucose oxidation and insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome: Influence of fibroblast growth factor 21 and vitamin D status. Nutrition 2017; 37:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S, Satjaritanun P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. FGF21 improves cognition by restored synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in obese-insulin resistant male rats. Horm Behav 2016; 85:86-95. [PMID: 27566237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone which exerts beneficial effects on metabolic regulation in obese and diabetic models. However, the effect of FGF21 on cognition in obese-insulin resistant rats has not been investigated. We hypothesized that FGF21 prevented cognitive decline in obese-insulin resistant rats by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and brain FGF21 signaling as well as decreasing brain cell apoptosis. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and received either a normal diet (ND) (n=6) or a high fat diet (HFD) (n=12) for 12weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into two subgroups (n=6/subgroup) to receive either vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (0.1mg/kg/day) for four weeks. ND-fed rats were given vehicle for four weeks. At the end of the treatment, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, brain mitochondrial function, cell apoptosis, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density and brain FGF21 signaling were determined. The results showed that vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance and cognitive decline with impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity, decreased dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and increased brain cell apoptosis. Impaired brain FGF 21 signaling was found in these obese-insulin resistant rats. FGF21-treated obese-insulin resistant rats had improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity, increased dendritic spine density, restored brain mitochondrial function, attenuated brain cells apoptosis and increased brain FGF21 signaling, leading to a prevention of cognitive decline. These findings suggest that FGF21 treatment exerts neuroprotection in obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Satjaritanun
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Hui X, Feng T, Liu Q, Gao Y, Xu A. The FGF21-adiponectin axis in controlling energy and vascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:110-9. [PMID: 26993043 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body energy metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis are tightly controlled processes that involve highly coordinated crosstalk among distal organs. This is mainly achieved by a large number of hormones released from each organ. Among them, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin have recently gained considerable attention, since both of them possess multiple profound protective effects against a myriad of cardio-metabolic disorders. Despite their distinct structures and production sites, these two hormones share striking functional similarity. This dichotomy is recently reconciled by the demonstration of the FGF21-adiponectin axis. In adipocytes, both transcription and secretion of adiponectin are strongly induced by FGF21, which is partially dependent on PPARγ activity. Furthermore, the glucose-lowering, lipid-clearing, and anti-atherosclerotic functions of FGF21 are diminished in adiponectin-null mice, suggesting that adiponectin serves as an obligatory mediator of FGF21-elicited metabolic and vascular benefits. However, in both animals and human subjects with obesity, circulating FGF21 levels are increased whereas plasma adiponectin concentrations are reduced, perhaps due to FGF21 resistance, suggesting that dysfunctional FGF21-adiponectin axis is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-related cardio-metabolic syndrome. The FGF21-adiponectin axis protects against a cluster of cardio-metabolic disorders via mediating multi-organ communications, and is a promising target for therapeutic interventions of these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianshi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Walczak M, Suraj J, Kus K, Kij A, Zakrzewska A, Chlopicki S. Towards a comprehensive endothelial biomarkers profiling and endothelium-guided pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:771-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Berti L, Irmler M, Zdichavsky M, Meile T, Böhm A, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Beckers J, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, de Angelis MH, Staiger H. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is elevated in metabolically unhealthy obesity and affects lipid deposition, adipogenesis, and adipokine secretion of human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes. Mol Metab 2015; 4:519-27. [PMID: 26137439 PMCID: PMC4481465 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum concentrations of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 are elevated in obesity, type-2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. We asked whether FGF21 levels differ between subjects with metabolically healthy vs. unhealthy obesity (MHO vs. MUHO), opening the possibility that FGF21 is a cross-talker between liver and adipose tissue in MUHO. Furthermore, we studied the effects of chronic FGF21 treatment on adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage, and adipokine secretion. METHODS In 20 morbidly obese donors of abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies discordant for their whole-body insulin sensitivity (hereby classified as MHO or MUHO subjects), serum FGF21 was quantified. The impact of chronic FGF21 treatment on differentiation, lipid accumulation, and adipokine release was assessed in isolated preadipocytes differentiated in vitro. RESULTS Serum FGF21 concentrations were more than two-fold higher in MUHO as compared to MHO subjects (457 ± 378 vs. 211 ± 123 pg/mL; p < 0.05). FGF21 treatment of human preadipocytes for the entire differentiation period was modestly lipogenic (+15%; p < 0.05), reduced the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors (PPARG and CEBPA, -15% and -40%, respectively; p < 0.01 both), reduced adiponectin expression (-20%; p < 0.05), markedly reduced adiponectin release (-60%; p < 0.01), and substantially increased leptin (+60%; p < 0.01) and interleukin-6 (+50%; p < 0.001) release. CONCLUSIONS The hepatokine FGF21 exerts weak lipogenic and anti-adipogenic actions and marked adiponectin-suppressive and leptin and interleukin-6 release-promoting effects in human differentiating preadipocytes. Together with the higher serum concentrations in MUHO subjects, our findings reveal FGF21 as a circulating factor promoting the development of metabolically unhealthy adipocytes.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Adipokine
- Adiponectin
- BMI, body mass index
- C/EBP-α, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α
- CIDEA, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector a
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGF21
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Hepatokine
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- MHO, metabolically healthy obesity
- MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obesity
- PGC-1α, PPAR-γ coactivator-1α
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
- Secretome
- Type-2 diabetes
- UCP-1, uncoupling protein-1
- hasc, human abdominal subcutaneous
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- rh, recombinant human
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Berti
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marty Zdichavsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Meile
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Böhm
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich GmbH, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany ; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Circulating FGF19 and FGF21 surge in early infancy from infra- to supra-adult concentrations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:742-6. [PMID: 25599612 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and 21 (FGF21) have been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes in adults. We assessed the circulating concentrations of these factors in human neonates and infants, and their association with the endocrine-metabolic changes associated to prenatal growth restraint. SUBJECTS/METHODS Circulating FGF19 and FGF21, selected hormones (insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and high- molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin) and body composition (absorptiometry) were assessed longitudinally in 44 infants born appropriate- (AGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Measurements were performed at 0, 4 and 12 months in AGA infants; at 0 and 4 months in SGA infants; and cross-sectionally in 11 first-week AGA newborns. RESULTS Circulating FGF19 and FGF21 surged >10-fold in early infancy from infra- to supra-adult concentrations, the FGF19 surge appearing slower and more pronounced than the FGF21 surge. Whereas the FGF21 surge was of similar magnitude in AGA and SGA infants, FGF19 induction was significantly reduced in SGA infants. In AGA and SGA infants, cord-blood FGF21 and serum FGF19 at 4 months showed a positive correlation with HMW adiponectin (r=0.49, P=0.013; r=0.43, P=0.019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these early FGF19 and FGF21 surges are of a physiological relevance that warrants further delineation and that may extend beyond infancy.
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CIBIČKOVÁ Ľ, KARÁSEK D, LANGOVÁ K, VAVERKOVÁ H, ORSÁG J, LUKEŠ J, NOVOTNÝ D. Correlation of Lipid Parameters and Markers of Insulin Resistance: Does Smoking Make a Difference? Physiol Res 2014; 63:S387-93. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance associated with dyslipidemia enhances cardiovascular risk. Several atherogenic indexes have been suggested to give more precise information about the risk. The aim of our study was to estimate, which atherogenic index correlates better with parameters of insulin resistance. Furthermore, we compared the parameters of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance between smokers and non-smokers. In our cross-sectional study we enrolled 729 patients with dyslipidemia which were divided into two groups – non-smokers (586) and smokers (143). We measured lipid profile, parameters of insulin resistance (fasting glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-peptide, proinsulin) and calculated atherogenic indexes – atherogenic index of plasma (log (TAG/HDL-C), AIP), ApoB/ApoA1 index and nonHDL-C. AIP was found out to show stronger correlations with parameters of insulin resistance (p<0.001, correlation coefficients ranging between 0.457 and 0.243) than other indexes (ApoB/ApoA1 or nonHDL cholesterol). AIP correlated with parameters of insulin resistance both in smokers and non-smokers, but after adjustment (for age, body mass index, waist circumference) persisting only in non-smokers. Smokers had a wider waist circumference and a proatherogenic lipid profile. Smoking increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. AIP can be used in daily praxis for predicting insulin resistance in patients with dyslipidemia, predominantly in non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľ. CIBIČKOVÁ
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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