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Narita Z, Ando S, Yamasaki S, Miyashita M, DeVylder J, Yamaguchi S, Hosozawa M, Nakanishi M, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Furukawa TA, Kasai K, Nishida A. Association of Problematic Internet Use With Psychotic Experiences and Depression in Adolescents: A Cohort Study. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae089. [PMID: 38825582 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Problematic internet use (PIU) is prevalent among adolescents. Past research suggested cross-sectional associations between PIU and psychotic experiences, but little information is available on the longitudinal association. We hypothesized that PIU in adolescence may be longitudinally associated with psychotic experiences, adjusting for confounders. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed a random sample of adolescents in the Tokyo Teen Cohort to examine how PIU at ages 10 (2012-2015), 12 (2014-2017), and 16 (2019-2021) was associated with mental health issues at age 16. PIU was evaluated by the modified Compulsive Internet Use Scale, psychotic experiences by the Adolescent Psychotic-like Symptom Screener, and depression by the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. We also examined the mediating role of social withdrawal. STUDY RESULTS We analyzed 3171 adolescents; 151 reported psychotic experiences and 327 reported depression at age 16. Compared with the lowest tertile PIU group, the highest tertile PIU group at age 12 showed an increased adjusted risk of psychotic experiences (RD 3.3%, 95% CI 2.9%-3.7%; RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.55-1.73) and depression (RD 5.9%, 95% CI 5.5%-6.3%; RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.55-1.68) at age 16. PIU at age 16 showed analogous results, while PIU at age 10 suggested a smaller impact. Social withdrawal mediated 9.4%-29.0% of the association between PIU and psychotic experiences. CONCLUSIONS PIU is longitudinally associated with psychotic experiences and depression in adolescents. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to provide robust public health implications and foster a safer digital future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, New York City, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hosozawa
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miharu Nakanishi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- School of Advanced Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/ School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes of Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Sanna F, Oliveras I, Castillo-Ruiz M, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. c-Fos expression after neonatal handling in social brain regions: Distinctive profile of RHA-rat schizophrenia model on a social preference test. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114625. [PMID: 37567256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal handling (NH) is an environmental manipulation that induces long-lasting changes in behavioural, neuroendocrine, and neuroanatomical processes in rodents. We have previously reported that NH treatment increases social interaction preference in an animal model of schizophrenia-relevant features, the Roman high-avoidance (RHA) rats. The present study was aimed at evaluating whether the increase of social behaviour/preference due to NH treatment in RHA rats is associated with differences in c-Fos expression levels in some of the brain areas that integrate the "social brain". To this aim, we evaluated the performance of adult male rats from both Roman rat strains (RHA vs. RLA -Roman low-avoidance- rats), either untreated (control) or treated with NH (administered during the first 21 days of life) in a social interaction task. For the analyses of c-Fos activation untreated and NH-treated animals were divided into three different experimental conditions: undisturbed home cage controls (HC); rats exposed to the testing set-up context (CTX); and rats exposed to a social interaction (SI) test. It was found that, compared with their RLA counterparts, NH treatment increased social behaviour in RHA rats, and also specifically enhanced c-Fos expression in RHA rats tested for SI in some brain areas related to social behaviour, i.e. the infralimbic cortex (IL) and the medial posterodorsal amygdala (MePD) regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - I Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mdm Castillo-Ruiz
- Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - O Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Amendola S, Cerutti R, Presaghi F. Symptoms of Prolonged Social Withdrawal, Problematic Internet Use, and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adulthood: A Moderation Model. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:29-38. [PMID: 36936621 PMCID: PMC10016104 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Prolonged social withdrawal (PSW) or hikikomori and problematic internet use (PIU) have attracted the attention of mental health experts worldwide. The scientific literature suggests a complex relationship between these conditions and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) or disorders. In the present cross-sectional study, we tested the role of PIU symptoms as a moderator of the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs in a sample of 238 Italian emerging adults. Method Data was collected using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire, the Internet Disorder Scale, the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. In addition, lifetime psychological disorders and drug and alcohol use during the last month were explored. No participant reported a lifetime episode of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. Results Symptoms of PSW and PIU were significantly associated with PLEs total distress and PLEs total number of symptoms endorsed, after adjustment for age and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further, PIU symptoms moderated the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs total distress (b= 2.745, s.e.= 1.089, p= 0.012). However, PIU symptoms did not moderate the relationship between PSW and PLEs total symptoms (b= 0.615, s.e.= 0.349, p= 0.078). This study is limited because the participants were most likely university students and because of the cross-sectional design. Conclusions Findings from this study partially support the role of high symptoms of PIU as a risk factor in the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs. Future longitudinal research is needed to confirm our findings examining the temporal relationship between PSW, PIU, and PLEs using both dimensional and categorical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- Corresponding author Simone Amendola E-mail:
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza - University of Rome
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza - University of Rome
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The relationship between negative symptoms, social cognition, and social functioning in patients with first episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:171-179. [PMID: 36041260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social functioning is severely affected in psychotic disorders. Negative symptoms and social cognition seem to play an important role in social functioning, although the preponderance and relationship between these three domains is not clear. In this study, we sought to assess the interrelation between social cognition, social functioning, and the expressiveness and experiential factors of negative symptoms in first-episode psychosis (FEP). SAMPLE AND METHODS 216 patients, participants in a multicentre study (AGES-CM), comprised our study sample. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was used to assess functioning, whereas the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure the severity of negative symptoms, and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) was applied to assess the emotional processing component of social cognition. Network analyses were conducted with the aim of analysing the patterns of relationships between social cognition, social functioning, and the expressiveness and experiential factors of negative symptoms. RESULTS Our findings suggest that there is a direct relationship between social cognition and social functioning (weight = -.077), but also an indirect connection between them, mediated by the experiential (but not the expressiveness) factor of negative symptoms (weight = 0.300). DISCUSSION The importance of the affectation of subdomains of social cognition, as well as the role of negative symptoms, specifically the experiential factor, in the functioning of patients with FEP seems to be relevant. The inclusion of these factors in prevention and treatment programs would thus allow us to reduce their impact on the social functioning of these patients.
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Amendola S, Presaghi F, Teo AR, Cerutti R. Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire for Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610408. [PMID: 36012042 PMCID: PMC9408307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hikikomori is a form of social withdrawal that is commonly described as having an onset during adolescence, a life stage when other psychiatric problems can also emerge. This study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) for the Italian adolescent population, examining its psychometric properties; associations between hikikomori and psychoticism, depression, anxiety, problematic internet use (PIU), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), to confirm convergent validity of the HQ-25; and the interaction effect between symptoms of hikikomori and PIU in predicting PLEs. Two-hundred and twenty-one adolescents participated in the study. Measures included the HQ-25, the Psychoticism subscale of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Depression and Anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Internet Disorder Scale, and the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire. Data showed a satisfactory fit for a three-factor model for the HQ-25 that is consistent with the original study on the HQ-25. Three factors (socialization, isolation, and emotional support) were associated with psychopathology measures. Six participants reported lifetime history of hikikomori. Symptoms of hikikomori and PIU did not interact in predicting PLEs. This is the first study to validate the HQ-25 in a population of adolescents. Findings provide initial evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of the Italian version of the HQ-25 for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Robert Teo
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Zhang YJ, Cai XL, Hu HX, Zhang RT, Wang Y, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Social brain network predicts real-world social network in individuals with social anhedonia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111390. [PMID: 34537603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social anhedonia (SA) impairs social functioning in schizophrenia. Previous evidence suggested that certain brain regions predict longitudinal change of real-world social outcomes, yet previous study designs have failed to capture the corresponding functional connectivity among the brain regions involved. This study measured the real-world social network in 22 pairs of individuals with high and low levels of SA, and followed up them for 21 months. We further explored whether resting-state social brain network characteristics could predict the longitudinal variations of real-world social network. Our results showed that social brain network characteristics could predict the change of real-world social networks in both the high SA and low SA groups. However, the results differed between the two groups, i.e., the topological characteristics of the social brain network predicted real-world social network change in the high SA group; whereas the functional connectivity within the social brain network predicted real-world social network change in the low SA group. Principal component analysis and linear regression analysis on the entire sample showed that the functional connectivity component centered at the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus could best predict social network change. Our findings support the notion that social brain network characteristics could predict social network development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Xin Hu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Social brain network correlates with real-life social network in individuals with schizophrenia and social anhedonia. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:77-84. [PMID: 34044349 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Social behaviour requires the brain to efficiently integrate multiple social processes, but it is not clear what neural substrates underlie general social behaviour. While psychosis patients and individuals with subclinical symptoms are characterized by social dysfunction, the neural mechanisms underlying social dysfunctions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders remains unclear. We first constructed a general social brain network (SBN) using resting-state functional connectivity (FC) with regions of interest based on the automatic meta-analysis results from NeuroSynth. We then examined the general SBN and its relationship with social network (SN) characteristics in 30 individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 33 individuals with social anhedonia (SA). We found that patients with SCZ exhibited deficits in their SN, while SA individuals did not. SCZ patients showed decreased segregation and functional connectivity in their SBN, while SA individuals showed a reversed pattern with increased segregation and functional connectivity of their SBN. Sparse canonical correlation analysis showed that both SCZ patients and SA individuals exhibited reduced correlation between SBN and SN characteristics compared with their corresponding healthy control groups. These preliminary findings suggest that both SCZ and SA participants exhibit abnormality in segregation and functional connectivity within the general SBN and reduced correlation with SN characteristics. These findings could guide the development of non-pharmacological interventions for social dysfunction in SCZ spectrum disorders.
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Izquierdo A, Cabello M, Leal I, Mellor-Marsá B, Ayora M, Bravo-Ortiz MF, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Ibáñez Á, MacDowell KS, Malpica N, Díaz-Marsá M, Baca-García E, Fares-Otero NE, Melero H, López-García P, Díaz-Caneja CM, Arango C, Ayuso-Mateos JL. The interplay between functioning problems and symptoms in first episode of psychosis: An approach from network analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:265-273. [PMID: 33621912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between psychotic symptoms and global measures of functioning has been widely studied. No previous study has assessed so far the interplay between specific clinical symptoms and particular areas of functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP) using network analysis methods. A total of 191 patients with FEP (age 24.45 ± 6.28 years, 64.9% male) participating in an observational and longitudinal study (AGES-CM) comprised the study sample. Functioning problems were assessed with the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), whereas the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptom severity. Network analysis were conducted with the aim of analysing the patterns of relationships between the different dimensions of functioning and PANSS symptoms and factors at baseline. According to our results, the most important nodes were "conceptual disorganization", "emotional withdrawal", "lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation", "delusions", "unusual thought content", "dealing with strangers" and "poor rapport". Our findings suggest that these symptoms and functioning dimensions should be prioritized in the clinical assessment and management of patients with FEP. These areas may also become targets of future early intervention strategies, so as to improve quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Izquierdo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Leal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Mellor-Marsá
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ayora
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Fe Bravo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Ibáñez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norberto Malpica
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Hospital General de Villalba, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Natalia E Fares-Otero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Melero
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS Princesa, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Hanlon FM, Yeo RA, Shaff NA, Wertz CJ, Dodd AB, Bustillo JR, Stromberg SF, Lin DS, Abrams S, Liu J, Mayer AR. A symptom-based continuum of psychosis explains cognitive and real-world functional deficits better than traditional diagnoses. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:344-352. [PMID: 30711315 PMCID: PMC6544465 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic spectrum disorders share overlapping clinical/biological features, making it often difficult to separate them into a discrete nosology (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]). METHODS The current study investigated whether a continuum classification scheme based on symptom burden would improve conceptualizations for cognitive and real-world dysfunction relative to traditional DSM nosology. Two independent samples (New Mexico [NM] and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes [B-SNIP]) of patients with schizophrenia (NM: N = 93; B-SNIP: N = 236), bipolar disorder Type I (NM: N = 42; B-SNIP: N = 195) or schizoaffective disorder (NM: N = 15; B-SNIP: N = 148) and matched healthy controls (NM: N = 64; B-SNIP: N = 717) were examined. Linear regressions examined how variance differed as a function of classification scheme (DSM diagnosis, negative and positive symptom burden, or a three-cluster solution based on symptom burden). RESULTS Symptom-based classification schemes (continuous and clustered) accounted for a significantly larger portion of captured variance of real-world functioning relative to DSM diagnoses across both samples. The symptom-based classification schemes accounted for large percentages of variance for general cognitive ability and cognitive domains in the NM sample. However, in the B-SNIP sample, symptom-based classification schemes accounted for roughly equivalent variance as DSM diagnoses. A potential mediating variable across samples was the strength of the relationship between negative symptoms and impaired cognition. CONCLUSIONS Current results support suggestions that a continuum perspective of psychopathology may be more powerful for explaining real-world functioning than the DSM diagnostic nosology, whereas results for cognitive dysfunction were sample dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Hanlon
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Ronald A Yeo
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Shaff
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Christopher J Wertz
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Andrew B Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC09 5030, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Shannon F Stromberg
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Clinical Program, Presbyterian Healthcare System, 1325 Wyoming Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112, USA.
| | - Denise S Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC09 5030, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Swala Abrams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC09 5030, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC09 5030, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10 5620, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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10
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Overview of the clinical implementation of a study exploring social withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Chen L, Selvendra A, Stewart A, Castle D. Risk factors in early and late onset schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80:155-162. [PMID: 29096206 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study looks at key risk factors in patients with schizophrenia to identify trends according to age of onset, comparing presentations prior to 26years (youth onset), between 26 and 40years (middle onset), and after 40years of age (late onset). METHODS The early psychosis program at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne treats patients presenting in the early stages of psychosis between 16 and 65years of age. A database was developed to capture key risk factors in all patients with an eventual diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=225). Risk factor profiles were then generated and compared for patients based on age of onset. RESULTS Older age of onset was associated with weaker family history of schizophrenia, lower rates of substance use, better early psychosocial functioning and higher educational achievement. Female preponderance and comorbid physical health problems were particularly notable in the late onset cohort. Later life schizophrenia also showed a relatively greater association with psychosocial factors proximal to psychosis onset, such as unemployment. DISCUSSION Clear trends are noticeable with age. Older patients have characteristic differences in their background risk factors compared to youth onset patients, including less hereditary influence and relatively more emphasis on later life risk factors. Identifying the roles of specific risk factors in these distinct age-onset groups can enhance our understanding of underlying aetiology and facilitate service development to meet the needs of each specific age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chen
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajit Selvendra
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Anne Stewart
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Kirkbride JB. Epidemiology on demand: population-based approaches to mental health service commissioning. BJPsych Bull 2015; 39:242-7. [PMID: 26755969 PMCID: PMC4706199 DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.114.047746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three people will experience a mental health problem in their lifetime, but the causes and consequences of psychiatric morbidity are socially patterned. Epidemiological studies can provide aetiological clues about the causes of disorder, and when they can provide robust estimates about risk in different strata of the population these can also be used translationally, to provide commissioners and service planners with detailed information about local service need. This approach is illustrated using a newly developed population-level prediction tool for first-episode psychosis, PsyMaptic. Such public mental health prediction tools could be used to improve allocation of finite resources, by integrating evidence-based healthcare, public health and epidemiology together.
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13
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White T. Subclinical psychiatric symptoms and the brain: what can developmental population neuroimaging bring to the table? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:797-8. [PMID: 26407488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonya White
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common feature of schizophrenia; however, its origin remains controversial. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities clearly play a role in pre-morbid cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, yet many authors believe that schizophrenia is characterized by illness-related cognitive decline before and after onset of the psychosis that can be the result of neurodegenerative changes. The main reasons behinds such arguments include, first, the evidence showing that effect sizes of the cognitive deficits in subjects who develop adult schizophrenia gradually increase in the first two decades of life and, second, the fact that there is functional decline in many patients with schizophrenia over the years. In this Editorial, I argue that current evidence suggests that illness-related cognitive impairment is neurodevelopmental in origin and characterized by slower gain (developmental lag) but not cognitive decline continuing throughout the first two decades of life. I introduce a model suggesting that neurodevelopmental abnormality can in fact explain the course of cognitive dysfunction and variations in the trajectory of functional decline throughout the life in individuals with schizophrenia. In this model, the severity of underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality determines the age that cognitive deficits first become apparent and contributes to the cognitive reserve of the individual. Interaction of neurodevelopmental abnormality with clinical symptoms, especially negative symptoms and aging, vascular changes, psychological and iatrogenic factors contributes to the heterogeneity of the functional trajectory observed in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,VIC,Australia
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15
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Morris SE, Heinssen RK. Informed consent in the psychosis prodrome: ethical, procedural and cultural considerations. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2014; 9:19. [PMID: 25403748 PMCID: PMC4289308 DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research focused on the prodromal period prior to the onset of psychosis is essential for the further development of strategies for early detection, early intervention, and disease pre-emption. Such efforts necessarily require the enrollment of individuals who are at risk of psychosis but have not yet developed a psychotic illness into research and treatment protocols. This work is becoming increasingly internationalized, which warrants special consideration of cultural differences in conceptualization of mental illness and international differences in health care practices and rights regarding research participation. The process of identifying and requesting informed consent from individuals at elevated risk for psychosis requires thoughtful communication about illness risk and often involves the participation of family members. Empirical studies of risk reasoning and decisional capacity in young people and individuals with psychosis suggest that most individuals who are at-risk for psychosis can adequately provide informed consent; however ongoing improvements to tools and procedures are important to ensure that this work proceeds with maximal consideration of relevant ethical issues. This review provides a discussion of these issues in the context of international research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Morris
- />Division of Adult Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Blvd, North Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Robert K Heinssen
- />Division of Services and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Blvd, North Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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16
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Molenhuis RT, de Visser L, Bruining H, Kas MJ. Enhancing the value of psychiatric mouse models; differential expression of developmental behavioral and cognitive profiles in four inbred strains of mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:945-54. [PMID: 24491952 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The behavioral characterization of animal models of psychiatric disorders is often based upon independent traits measured at adult age. To model the neurodevelopmental aspects of psychiatric pathogenesis, we introduce a novel approach for a developmental behavioral analysis in mice. C57BL/6J (C57) mice were used as a reference strain and compared with 129S1/SvImJ (129Sv), BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) and A/J (AJ) strains as marker strains for aberrant development. Mice were assessed at pre-adolescence (4 weeks), adolescence (6 weeks), early adulthood (8 weeks) and in adulthood (10-12 weeks) on a series of behavioral tasks measuring general health, neurological reflexes, locomotor activity, anxiety, short- and long-term memory and cognitive flexibility. Developmental delays in short-term object memory were associated with either a hypo-reactive profile in 129Sv mice or a hyper-reactive profile in BTBR mice. Furthermore, BTBR mice showed persistent high levels of repetitive grooming behavior during all developmental stages that was associated with the adult expression of cognitive rigidity. In addition, strain differences in development were observed in puberty onset, touch escape, and body position. These data showed that this longitudinal testing battery provides sufficient behavioral and cognitive resolution during different development stages and offers the opportunity to address the behavioral developmental trajectory in genetic mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, the data revealed that the assessment of multiple behavioral and cognitive domains at different developmental stages is critical to determine confounding factors (e.g., impaired motor behavior) that may interfere with the behavioral testing performance in mouse models for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T Molenhuis
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie de Visser
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilgo Bruining
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Wilson CA, Koenig JI. Social interaction and social withdrawal in rodents as readouts for investigating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:759-73. [PMID: 24342774 PMCID: PMC4481734 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms (e.g., asociality and anhedonia) are a distinct symptomatic domain that has been found to significantly affect the quality of life in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Additionally, the primary negative symptom of asociality (i.e., withdrawal from social contact that derives from indifference or lack of desire to have social contact) is a major contributor to poor psychosocial functioning and has been found to play an important role in the course of the disorder. Nonetheless, the pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is unknown and currently available treatment options (e.g., antipsychotics and cognitive-behavioral therapy) fail to reliably produce efficacious benefits. Utilizing rodent paradigms that measure social behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal) to elucidate the neurobiological substrates that underlie social dysfunction and to identify novel therapeutic targets may be highly informative and useful to understand more about the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the behavioral tasks for assessing social functioning that may be translationally relevant for investigating negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - James I Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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18
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Hickie IB, Hermens DF, Naismith SL, Guastella AJ, Glozier N, Scott J, Scott EM. Evaluating differential developmental trajectories to adolescent-onset mood and psychotic disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:303. [PMID: 24215120 PMCID: PMC4226022 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is an open question as to whether differential developmental trajectories, potentially representing underlying pathophysiological processes, can form the basis of a more useful typology in young persons who present for mental health care. METHODS A cohort of 605 young people was recruited from youth mental health services that target the early phases of anxiety, mood or psychotic disorders. Participants were assigned to one of three clinical sub-types (anxious-depression; mania-fatigue; developmental-psychotic) according to putative developmental trajectories. RESULTS The distribution of subtypes was: 51% anxiety-depression, 25% mania-fatigue and 24% developmental-psychotic, with key differences in demographic, clinical, family history and neuropsychological characteristics. When analyses were limited to 286 cases with 'attenuated' or sub-threshold syndromes, the pattern of differences was similar. Multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that compared to the developmental-psychotic subtype, both the mania-fatigue and anxiety-depression subtypes were younger and more depressed at presentation, but less functionally impaired. Other discriminating variables between the developmental-psychotic and mania-fatigue sub-types were that the latter were significantly more likely to have a family history of bipolar disorder but have less likelihood of impaired verbal learning; whilst the anxious-depression group were more anxious, more likely to have a family history of depression, and had a higher premorbid IQ level. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional evaluation provides preliminary support for differing developmental trajectories in young persons presenting for mental health care. Prospective follow-up is needed to examine the predictive validity of this approach and its relationships to underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nick Glozier
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK,Academic Psychiatry, Wolfson Unit, Centre for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle , UK
| | - Elizabeth M Scott
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
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Katsikidou M, Samakouri M, Fotiadou M, Arvaniti A, Vorvolakos T, Xenitidis K, Livaditis M. Victimization of the severely mentally ill in Greece: the extent of the problem. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2013; 59:706-15. [PMID: 22733004 DOI: 10.1177/0020764012448782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to extensive research on psychiatric patients' dangerousness, very few studies have examined their victimization. AIM The aim of our study is to record reported victimization of seriously mentally ill outpatients in Greece and compare them with healthy controls. METHOD We interviewed 150 severely mentally ill outpatients and a matched group of healthy controls using a semi-structured interview. This recorded incidents of victimization and perceived discrimination during the previous year. Logistic regression models were used to examine the influence of demographic parameters on both victimization and discrimination. RESULTS In this study 59.3% of patients and 46.0 % of controls (p = .02) reported being victims of a criminal act at least once and 52.0% of patients and 24.0 % of controls (p < .001) reported experiencing discrimination during the previous year. Patients, in comparison to controls, were more likely to report being victims of any kind of victimization (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.07-3.21), of assault/threat (OR = 4.62, 95% CI = (2.32-9.19) and of discrimination (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = (2.1-5.62). In addition, patients reported experiencing higher distress in assault/threat crime compared to controls (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Patients with serious mental illness are more likely than the general population to report being victims of criminal acts and experiencing discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Katsikidou
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment is recognized as a central feature of schizophrenia. Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) represents a more severe variant of the disorder associated with onset in childhood or adolescence. Examination of the cognitive abnormalities of EOS offers the opportunity to explore how disease-related mechanisms may affect facets of cognitive development. This article summarizes and synthesizes available data with regards to the profile of cognitive impairments in EOS, their severity, and their evolution over the course of the disorder.
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Bambole V, Shah N, Sonavane S, Johnston M, Shrivastava A. Study of negatives symptoms in first episode schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.33033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
The Minnesota Center for Health Trajectory Research has focused on developing ways to better understand how interventions influence health trajectories during transitional, acute, or chronic health challenges across the life span. The health trajectory perspective advances nursing science by providing a person-centered point of view that emphasizes change in health over time within individuals, families, groups, or communities. Theoretical considerations and statistical modeling approaches used in studying health trajectories, along with exemplars from nursing research studies from this special issue of Nursing Research, are highlighted.
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