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Batool F, Bilal RM, Hassan FU, Nasir TA, Rafeeque M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Mahgoub HAM, Naiel MAE, Alagawany M. An updated review on behavior of domestic quail with reference to the negative effect of heat stress. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:424-437. [PMID: 34355648 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1951281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Japanese quail originated from the wildlife environment and was first domesticated in Japan in 1595. Japanese quail has widely distributed in various parts of the world. This bird is characterized by its rapid growth rate, high rate of egg production, much lower space requirements, small size, good reproductive potential, short life cycle, resistance to diseases, early sexual maturity (from 39 to 50 days), better laying ability and shorter time of hatching compared with the different species of poultry. All these characteristics rendered it an excellent laboratory animal and a good economical animal protein source (for both egg and meat). Thermal stress was found to be the major limiting variable in poultry production, directly influencing bird welfare conditions. Previous research showed that heat stress in the production environment, induced by high ambient temperatures, may have a direct detrimental effect on welfare, meat quality, carcass characteristics, productivity, egg mass and egg quality. Furthermore, heat stress directly decreases quails' reproductive performance. As tiny, ground-dwelling birds, quail may appear unable to handle extreme temperatures, yet they have methods of fighting the heat. This review will help in developing and strengthening the core of the quail-based poultry sector. In addition, it provides aggregate information on the characteristics of the quail bird as a production unit in poultry farms as well as being an animal model for laboratory experiments. Also, this review provided deep insight into the domestication process and the impact of heat stress on production characteristics, which altered the domestic or Japanese quail substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rana M Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ul Hassan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Taquir A Nasir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Majid Rafeeque
- Department of Animal Science, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Production Department, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany A M Mahgoub
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Production Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Amer SA, Mohamed WAM, Gharib HSA, Al-Gabri NA, Gouda A, Elabbasy MT, Abd El-Rahman GI, Omar AE. Changes in the growth, ileal digestibility, intestinal histology, behavior, fatty acid composition of the breast muscles, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by dietary inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 33541348 PMCID: PMC7863266 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of safflower oil and vitamin C (Vit. C) inclusion in broiler chicken diets on the growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient "AID%" of amino acids, intestinal histology, behavior, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, antioxidant and immune status for a 35-day feeding period were evaluated. A total of 300 three-day-old Ross chicks (58.25 g ± 0.19) were randomly allotted in a 2 × 3 factorial design consisting of two levels of vitamin C (0 and 400 mg/kg diet) and three levels of safflower oil (0, 5, and 10 g/kg diet). RESULTS An increase in the final body weight, total body weight gain, total feed intake, and the relative growth rate (P < 0.05) were reported by safflower oil and vitamin C inclusion. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the ingestive, resting, and feather preening behavior. Vitamin C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, and valine. Safflower inclusion (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of methionine and isoleucine. Safflower oil inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the levels of stearic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) in the breast muscle. In contrast, the supplementation of only 10 g of safflower oil/kg diet increased (P = 0.01) the omega-3/omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) fatty acids ratio. Vit. C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the CAT serum levels, SOD, and GSH enzymes. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C improved the intestinal histology. They increased the villous height and width, crypt depth, villous height/crypt depth ratio, mucosal thickness, goblet cell count, and intra-epithelium lymphocytic lick cell infiltrations. The serum levels of IgA and complement C3 were increased (P < 0.01) by Vit. C supplementation and prominent in the 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil group. CONCLUSION A dietary combination of safflower oil and vitamin C resulted in improved growth rate, amino acids AID%, intestinal histology, welfare, immune and antioxidant status of birds, and obtaining ω-3 and linoleic acid-enriched breast muscles. The best inclusion level was 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A M Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Naif A Al-Gabri
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dahamar, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Center (CMDPT) Hail University, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Anaam E Omar
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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NJOKU CP, AYO-AJASA OY, EKUSEINTAN DA, OKUNNIYI TA, AGBENIGA MJ. Nutrient digestibility and physiological implication of feed withdrawal periods and ascorbic acid supplementation in growing pigs under tropical environment. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i12.96643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate nutrient digestibility and physiological impact of feed withdrawal periods and ascorbic acid supplementation in pigs reared in tropics. Unsexed, 8 weeks old mixed breed pigs (54) with mean body weight of 5.5±0.2 kg were arranged in a 3×3 factorial layout. The pigs were grouped on weight equalization into 9 treatments of 3 replicates with 2 pigs per replicate. Vital signs data were obtained on weekly basis. Three pigs from each treatment group were selected at tenth week and arranged in clean disinfected metabolic cages for a 7 day adaptation and a 5 day quantification of feed intake and faecal output. Faeces collected were dried in a forced air cabinet and analysed for proximate composition. About 5 ml blood sample was collected, 2.5 ml each was placed in EDTA and sterile bottles for haematological and biochemical indices evaluation. Data obtained were subjected to a 2-way analysis of variance. The feed withdrawal period had no impact on nutrient digestibility. Ascorbic acid supplementation significantly influenced excreted faeces, faecal dry matter output, dry matter and ash digestibility. Neutrophils increased with increasing period of feed withdrawal while lymphocytes decreased significantly with increasing period of feed withdrawal. Feed withdrawal period and ascorbic acid supplementation had no influence on serum biochemical parameters. It can be concluded that feed withdrawal periods influenced neutrophil, lymphocyte and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio whereas ascorbic acid enhanced nutrient digestibility of pigs but had no impact on vital signs and blood indices.
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Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation during periods of heat stress. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Pardue
- Department of Poultry Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
| | - J. Paul Thaxton
- Department of Poultry Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
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Zangeneh S, Torki M, Lotfollahian H, Abdolmohammadi A. Effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids and vitamin C on performance, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, thyroid hormones and serum metabolites of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1521-1532. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Zangeneh
- Animal Science Department; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mehran Torki
- Animal Science Department; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Houshang Lotfollahian
- Department of Nutrition; Animal Science Research Institution; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj Iran
| | - Alireza Abdolmohammadi
- Animal Science Department; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
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Ghazi S, Amjadian T, Norouzi S. Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1019-1024. [PMID: 25336108 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding vitamin C (VC), oregano essential oil (OR), or their combination in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress (HS) condition (38 °C). One-day-old 240 male broilers were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, six replicates of ten birds each. The birds were fed with either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with either 200 mg L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet, 250 mg of oregano essential oil/kg of diet, or 200 mg L-ascorbic acid plus 250 mg of oregano essential oil/kg of diet. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained for 42 days of age and at the end of the experiment (day 42); birds were bled to determine some blood parameters and weighted for final body weight (BW). Feeding birds with diets supplemented with oregano essential oil and vitamin C in a single or combined form increased ADG (P > 0.05). Also BW increased and feed efficiency decreased (P < 0.05) in the birds fed with diets including VC and OR (in a single or combined form), compared to those fed the basal diet. ADFI was not significantly influenced by dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin C (P > 0.05). Supplemental oregano essential oil and vitamin C in a combined form decreased the serum concentration of corticosterone, triglycerides, glucose, and MDA (P < 0.05) compared with other groups. An increase in the serum concentrations of vitamin C were seen in broiler chicks supplemented with vitamin C. From the results of the present experiment, it can be concluded that diet supplementation by combined oregano essential oil and vitamin C could have beneficial effects on some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ghazi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Imam Avenue, Kermanshah, 6715685418, Iran
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Hamano Y. Effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation on sexual difference of growth performance, heat exposure-induced metabolic response and lipid peroxidation of raw meat in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:343-50. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.903559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sohn SH, Cho EJ, Jang IS, Moon YS. The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin C and E on the Growth Performance and the Stress Response in Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5536/kjps.2013.40.1.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Oruwari BM, Mbere OO, Sese BT. Ascorbic Acid as a Dietary Supplement for Babcock Hens in a Tropical Condition. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.1995.9706087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tuekam TD, Miles RD, Butcher GD. Performance and Humoral Immune Response in Heat-Stressed Broilers Fed an Ascorbic Acid Supplemented Diet. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.1994.9706034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Konca Y, Kirkpinar F, Mert S, Yurtseven S. Effects of Dietary Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass, Bone Quality and Blood Parameters in Broilers During Natural Summer Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2009.139.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Recovery from adverse effects of heat stress on slow-growing chicks in the tropics 1: Effect of ascorbic acid and different levels of betaine. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:807-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roussan D, Khwaldeh G, Haddad R, Shaheen I, Salameh G, Al Rifai R. Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Potassium Chloride Supplementation in Water on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress. J APPL POULTRY RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sahin N, Onderci M, Sahin K, Gursu MF, Smith MO. Ascorbic acid and melatonin reduce heat-induced performance inhibition and oxidative stress in Japanese quails. Br Poult Sci 2004; 45:116-22. [PMID: 15115209 DOI: 10.1080/00071660410001668941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. The effects of ascorbic acid (L-ascorbic acid) and melatonin supplementation on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (MDA) as lipid peroxidation indicator, ascorbic acid, retinol, tocopherol and mineral status in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. Two hundred and forty Japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds each. The birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at 22 degrees C (Thermoneutral, TN groups) or 34 degrees C (for 8 h/d; 09:00 to 17:00 h; Heat stress, HS groups). Birds in both TN and HS were fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet (Ascorbic acid group), 40 mg of melatonin/kg of diet (Melatonin group) or both (Ascorbic acid + Melatonin group). 3. Supplementing heat-stressed quails with ascorbic acid and melatonin improved performance compared with the control group. Effects generally were greatest in quails supplemented with both ascorbic acid and melatonin. 4. Although supplementation did not consistently restore the concentrations of serum ascorbic acid, retinol and tocopherol to those of TN groups, these concentrations increased significantly with supplementation. Furthermore, serum and liver MDA and serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations were lower in the supplemented groups than in the heat-stressed controls. 5. Within each environment, excretion of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cr were lowest in the combination group and, in all cases, highest in the HS group. Interactions between diet and temperature were detected for live weight gain, cold carcase weight, MDA, ascorbic acid, tocopherol concentrations and excretion of zinc. 6. The results of the study indicate that ascorbic acid and melatonin supplementation attenuate the decline in performance and antioxidant and mineral status caused by heat stress and such supplementation may offer protection against heat-stress-related depression in performance of Japanese quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sahin
- Veterinary Control and Research Institute, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Celik L, Oztürkcan O. Effects of dietary supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under different temperature. Arch Anim Nutr 2003; 57:27-38. [PMID: 12801077 DOI: 10.1080/0003942031000086644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was initiated to determine whether dietary supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid affect growth performance, carcass yield and composition, abdominal fat and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under normal and high temperature. During the experiment, two temperature regimes were employed in two experimental rooms, which were identical but different in environmental temperature. The regimes were thermoneutral (20-22 degrees C for 24 h) or recycling hot (34-36 degrees C for 8 h and 20-22 degrees C for 16 h). One-day-old broiler chicks (ROSS) were used in the experiment. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was employed with two levels (0 and 50 mg/kg) of supplemental L-carnitine and two levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) of supplemental ascorbic acid in drinking water under thermoneutral or high temperature regimes. Body weight gain was affected by high temperature. However, body weight gain was significantly improved in animals receiving supplemental L-carnitine, ascorbic acid or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid compared to animals receiving unsupplemented diet under high temperature. On the other hand, supplemental L-carnitine or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid reduced body weight gain under thermoneutral condition. Supplemental ascorbic acid significantly improved feed conversion efficiency, the improvement was relatively greater under high temperature. The L-carnitine content in the plasma was higher in the groups receiving supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid under high temperature, while broilers fed supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid had a decreased level of plasma L-carnitine concentration under normal temperature. It is concluded that dietary supplemental L-carnitine or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid may have positive effects on body weight gain, carcass weight under high temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Celik
- The University of Cukurova, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey.
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Sahin K, Sahin N, Kucuk O. Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32°C). Nutr Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kutlu HR. Influences of wet feeding and supplementation with ascorbic acid on performance and carcass composition of broiler chicks exposed to a high ambient temperature. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 2002; 54:127-39. [PMID: 11851021 DOI: 10.1080/17450390109381972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments was investigated whether feeding with an air-dry feed mixed with different amounts of water and/or supplemental ascorbic acid affect performance and carcass compositions of broilers exposed to a high ambient temperature (35 to 37 degrees C for 8 h/d and thermoneutral for 16 h/d). In the first trial, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were fed ad libitum in four dietary treatment groups for a 6-week period. Experimental mash diets were prepared by mixing a maize-soybean based standard broiler starter or finisher with tap water in the ratios of 0.0:1.0, 0.5:1.0, 1.0:1.0 and 1.5:1.0 (water:air-dry feed, w/w). More water in the diet increased BWG, DMI, abdominal fat and carcass weight, carcass CP, crude fat, but it deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. In the second experiment, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were given air-dry or wet (water:feed, 1.5:1) starter or finisher diets without or with ascorbic acid supplementation (0 and 250 mg/kg air-dry feed, resp.) ad libitum for a 6-week period. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased BWG, carcass weight and carcass CP significantly, while reducing carcass crude fat content. However, feeding broilers with a diet mixed with water in a ratio of 1.5:1.0 increased BWG, DMI, carcass weight and carcass lipid markedly, but deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. There was also a significant interaction between ascorbic acid and wet feeding, whereby ascorbic acid supplementation induced a significant reduction in carcass lipid contents of broilers fed on air-dry diets but not on wet diets. It is concluded that wet feeding, especially an addition of 150% water to produce a porridge like consistency, improved growth performance by increasing fat, ash and protein deposition in the body, while reducing DM conversion efficiency. It is also concluded that under heat stress supplemental ascorbic acid in air-dry diets stimulates broiler performance but not in wet diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kutlu
- Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
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Neuman SL, Orban JI, Lin TL, Latour MA, Hester PY. The effect of dietary ascorbic acid on semen traits and testis histology of male turkey breeders. Poult Sci 2002; 81:265-8. [PMID: 11873837 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-mo field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary L-ascorbic acid (AA) on semen traits of 144 male turkey breeders. Dietary AA treatments were initiated when birds were 30 wk of age. Semen and blood collection began at 32 wk of age. Three treatments with four pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen were fed 0, 75, and 150 mg/kg AA during the first 4 mo of their reproductive cycle. Levels of AA were doubled in the supplemented diets to 150 and 300 mg/kg during Months 5 to 9. Semen traits and blood AA were unaffected by dietary AA. When birds were 65 wk of age, testes were removed from 12 birds per treatment for histological analysis. Multinucleated giant cells (MCG), indicative of degeneration, were observed in the testes of 7 of the 12 control birds but were absent from AA-supplemented birds (P < 0.02). The antioxidant properties of AA may delay formation of these degenerative cells. In conclusion, dietary AA levels employed in the current study did not affect semen traits or testis weight but were associated with reduced formation of MGC in the testes of 65 wk-old breeder toms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Neuman
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Aydin S. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C). ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 2002; 56:41-9. [PMID: 12389221 DOI: 10.1080/00039420214174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens (Hy-Line) kept at 18 degrees C (at thermo-neutral zone) or 6 degrees C (cold stress) in temperature-controlled rooms. One hundred and fifty laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into 5 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens kept at 6 degrees C temperature were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, LTB group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 micrograms of Cr per kg diet (Cr group), 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C group) or 400 micrograms of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C + Cr group) while hens kept at 18 degrees C fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TNB group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in LTB group compared with TNB group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin C significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed hens compared with group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C brought up to the values of the group reared under thermoneutral conditions (18 degrees C). Egg production and egg weight were also greater in each supplemental group compared with the LTB group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased serum insulin but decreased corticosterone, glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Results of the present study show that supplementing vitamin C and chromium, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed hens. Such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Firat, Elaziğ, Turkey.
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Puron D, Santamaria R, Segura JC. Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate, Acetylsalicylic, and Ascorbic Acid on Broiler Performance in a Tropical Environment. J APPL POULTRY RES 1994. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/3.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Knight CD, Wuelling CW, Atwell CA, Dibner JJ. Effect of intermittent periods of high environmental temperature on broiler performance responses to sources of methionine activity. Poult Sci 1994; 73:627-39. [PMID: 8047505 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0730627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of these experiments was to study the effect of intermittent high temperature (IHT) on performance of broilers fed different sources of methionine activity. Two 20-d experiments were conducted in which individually caged 28-d-old cockerels were exposed to a 5-d period of constant high temperature (HT, 30 to 32 C) followed by an equal period of thermoneutral (TN) temperatures (22 C) with the 10-d temperature cycle repeated twice. Birds held at 22 C were TN controls. Grower diets contained 3,275 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP and were supplemented with either 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB, Alimet Feed Supplement) or DL-Met up to a maximum of .88 to .90% total sulfur amino acids (TSAA). In Experiment 1, gain:feed but not average daily gain was greater (P < .05) for HMB than DL-Met birds subjected to IHT (.451 vs .413, respectively), but no treatment differences were observed for TN birds. Results of Experiment 2 demonstrated a linear response to HMB and DL-Met dose in TN (P < .01); however, only HMB-supplemented birds responded similarly in IHT (P < .01). These results are consistent with lower availability of DL-Met as a result of IHT. In vitro experiments indicated that capacity for uptake of DL-Met into intestinal epithelial cells was reduced in heat-stressed birds. Uptake of D-Met was more severely affected than was L-Met. Consequently, a third performance experiment compared the ability of D-Met and L-Met to support growth under conditions of HT. The results indicated that the effect of HT on broiler performance was mediated through reduced utilization of D-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Knight
- Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, Missouri 63304
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24
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Kutlu H, Forbes J. Changes in growth and blood parameters in heat-stressed broiler chicks in response to dietary ascorbic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-6226(93)90050-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Orban JI, Roland DA, Cummins K, Lovell RT. Influence of large doses of ascorbic acid on performance, plasma calcium, bone characteristics, and eggshell quality in broilers and Leghorn hens. Poult Sci 1993; 72:691-700. [PMID: 8479954 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0720691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted using broilers (Experiments 1 and 2) or White Leghorn hens (Experiments 3 and 4) to determine the effects of large doses of dietary ascorbic acid on performance, plasma concentration of total and ionic calcium, bone characteristics, and eggshell quality. A total of 564 male broilers were fed diets containing ascorbic acid (ranging from 0 to 3,000 ppm) from 3 to 7 wk of age. Weight gain and feed conversion were measured, and blood plasma was analyzed for total and ionic calcium. Leg bones (femur, tibia, and metatarsus) were analyzed for bone mineral content, density, and breaking strength. In Experiments 3 and 4, a total of 484 Leghorn hens were fed diets containing ascorbic acid (ranging from 0 to 3,000 ppm) for 4 wk. Egg weight and specific gravity were determined, and plasma and tibiae were analyzed as in Experiments 1 and 2. Results of the broiler experiment (Experiment 2) indicated that plasma ionic calcium was significantly increased (P < .05) in ascorbic-acid-treated birds. Among leg bones examined, femur strength was improved by 16% in birds fed 2,000 ppm of ascorbic acid (Experiment 2). Other bone characteristics were not affected. In the layer experiments (Experiments 3 and 4), egg weight increased up to 5% and egg specific gravity was improved in hens fed 2,000 or 3,000 ppm of ascorbic acid, which also had increased calcium in the blood. Results suggest that large doses of ascorbic acid in the diet influence calcium metabolism, affecting bone and eggshell mineralization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Orban
- Department of Poultry Science, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University 36849
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26
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Carpenter GH, Peterson RA, Jones WT, Daly KR, Hypes WA. Effects of two nipple drinker types with different flow rates on the productive performance of broiler chickens during summerlike growing conditions. Poult Sci 1992; 71:1450-6. [PMID: 1409228 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0711450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to study the effects of a high flow volume (2.3 mL/s) nipple waterer (HFN) versus a low flow volume (.4 mL/s) nipple waterer (LFN) on the productive performance of broiler chickens as measured by average body weight (kilograms), average feed conversion (kilograms:kilogram), and percentage mortality rate. Equal numbers of male and female birds were used during Trial 1; only male birds were used during Trials 2 and 3. All trials were conducted during the summer months. An attempt was made during Trial 2 to expose the birds to artificial heat stress. No differences were seen during any of the trials in feed conversion between the two treatments. In Trial 1 the only significant difference (P less than or equal to .05) exhibited was in average male body weight (1.87 kg HFN; 1.84 kg LFN). A highly significant difference (P less than or equal to .01) was seen in average body weight (1.75 kg HFN; 1.64 kg LFN) during Trial 2. Average body weight difference during Trial 3 was highly significant at 42 days of age but not at Day 49. Mortality rate figures during Trial 2 indicate a highly significant difference during the 38-day period prior to heat stress (2.2% LFN; .4% HFN), and significant difference during the heat stress period (38 to 44 days; 2.9% LFN; 1.5% HFN). During Trial 3 mortality rate differences were significant by 49 days (20.6% LFN; 11.4% HFN) although there was no difference at 42 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Carpenter
- Division of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6108
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27
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Peebles ED, Miller EH, Brake JD, Schultz CD. Effects of ascorbic acid on plasma thyroxine concentrations and eggshell quality of Leghorn chickens treated with dietary thiouracil. Poult Sci 1992; 71:553-9. [PMID: 1561222 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0710553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because ascorbic acid (AA) and the thyroid hormones are known to influence eggshell formation, the effects of AA on body weight, total plasma thyroxine (T4), egg production, and eggshell quality of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens concurrently and previously treated with thiouracil (TU) were determined. Hens were provided feed containing either 0 or 100 ppm AA from 47 to 67 wk of age and either 0 or .1% TU from 47 to 57 wk of age. A three-way split-plot analysis was employed to test for the effects of AA, TU, and time, and their interactions. Dietary TU increased body weight between 53 and 59 wk, and increased thyroid weight at 67 wk; however, TU only depressed plasma T4 level at 51 wk. Dietary TU depressed egg production from 50 to 56 wk and egg weight at 49, 51, and 57 wk. Dietary TU depressed eggshell weight per unit surface area at 49 wk. There was no significant effect due to AA and no AA by TU interaction for any of the parameters examined. It was concluded that .1% dietary TU from 47 to 57 wk of age did not alter eggshell quality and that dietary AA at the 100 ppm level did not influence the effects of .1% TU on body weight, egg production, or egg weight of SCWL hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Peebles
- Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762
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28
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GLEAVES EARLW. Application of Feed Intake Principles to Poultry Care and Management. Poult Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.0680958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Stilborn HL, Harris GC, Bottje WG, Waldroup PW. Ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the diet of broilers maintained under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 1988; 67:1183-7. [PMID: 3217308 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0671183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Male broiler chicks were grown to 21 days of age under normal conditions, then placed in environmental chambers maintained under constant (24 C) or cyclic (24 to 35 C) heat conditions. Chicks were acclimated for 1 wk on a standard grower basal diet. Standard grower basal diets were fortified with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm coated ascorbic acid (AA) or 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Test diets were fed for 14 days in two separate studies. Cyclic heat conditions reduced feed intake and significantly reduced weight gains in both trials. Feed efficiency was not significantly affected by heat stress. Neither AA or ASA had beneficial effects on broiler growth or feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Stilborn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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30
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Branton SL, Reece FN, Deaton JW. Use of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in acute heat exposure of broilers. Poult Sci 1986; 65:1659-63. [PMID: 3022276 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0651659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were added separately to the drinking water of 42- to 52-day-old broilers. Birds were given access to the water ad libitum for a total of 42.5 hr consisting of 18.5 hr prior to an 8-hr interval of severe heat exposure and a further 16 hr-post exposure. Water and feed intake during the treatment period were unaffected by either NH4Cl at 6.25 g/liter (.63%) of distilled water (DW) or NaHCO3 at 3.15 g/liter (.32%) DW. Water intake was increased by approximately 20% in birds given water containing 6.25 g of NaHCO3/liter (.63%) DW, while both feed and water intake were severely limited by NH4Cl at 31 g/liter (3.1%) DW. Blood pH of birds was substantially lowered by consumption of NH4Cl, while consumption of NaHCO3 did not significantly affect blood pH. Blood pH of all treatments increased during the heat exposure period and declined afterward; however, blood pH change appeared to be more pronounced for birds receiving the NH4CL. A correlation coefficient (r = -.31) existed between blood pH and mortality, while a correlation (r = -.72) was demonstrated between water consumption and mortality.
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