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Davidson BD, Zambon AA, Guadagnin AR, Hoppmann A, Larsen GA, Sherlock DN, Luchini D, Apelo SIA, Laporta J. Rumen-protected methionine supplementation during the transition period under artificially induced heat stress: impacts on cow-calf performance. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00898-1. [PMID: 38851569 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Dairy cows experiencing heat stress (HS) during the pre-calving portion of the transition period give birth to smaller calves and produce less milk and milk protein. Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) has been shown to modulate protein, energy, and placenta metabolism, making it a potential candidate to ameliorate HS effects. We investigated the effects of supplementing RPM to transition cows under HS induced by electric heat blanket (EHB) on cow-calf performance. Six weeks before expected calving, 53 Holstein cows were housed in a tie-stall barn and fed a control diet (CON, 2.2% Met of MP) or a CON diet supplemented with Smartamine®M (MET, 2.6% Met of MP, Adisseo Inc., France). Four weeks pre-calving, all MET and half CON cows were fitted with an EHB. The other half of the CON cows were considered thermoneutral (TN), resulting in 3 treatments: CONTN (n = 19), CONHS (n = 17), and METHS (n = 17). Respiratory rate (RR), skin temperature (ST), and rectal temperature (RT) were measured thrice weekly and core body temperatures recorded bi-weekly. Post-calving body weights (BW) and BCS were recorded weekly, and DMI was calculated and averaged weekly. Milk yield was recorded daily and milk components were analyzed every third DIM. Biweekly AA and weekly nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, and glucose were measured from plasma. Calf birth weight and 24 h growth, thermoregulation, and hematology profile were measured and apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of immunoglobulins was calculated. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with 2 preplanned orthogonal contrasts: CONTN vs. the average of CONHS and METHS (C1) and CONHS vs. METHS (C2). Relative to TN, EHB cows had increased RT during the post-calving weeks and increased RR and ST during the entire transition period. Body weight, BCS, DMI, and milk yield were not impacted by the EHB or RPM. However, protein % and SNF were lower in CONHS, relative to METHS cows. At calving, METHS dams had higher glucose concentrations, relative to CONHS, and during the post-calving weeks, the EHB cows had lower NEFA concentrations than TN cows. Calf birthweight and AEA were reduced by HS, while RR was increased by HS. Calf withers height tended to be shorter and RT were lower in CONHS, compared with MTHS heifers. Overall, RPM supplementation to transition cows reverts the negative impact of HS on blood glucose concentration at calving and milk protein % in the dams and increases wither height while decreasing RT in the calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Davidson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A A Zambon
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A R Guadagnin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - A Hoppmann
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - G A Larsen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - D N Sherlock
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - D Luchini
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - S I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI †Adisseo USA Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA.
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Miller AC, Mezzomo R, Gomes DI, Loh HY, Levenson JR, Guimaraes O, Tangredi BV, Zuchegno SM, Chek E, Cappellozza BI, Schutz JS, Engle TE. Influence of BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus on growth performance, carcass characteristics, estimated dry matter digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune function in finishing beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae045. [PMID: 38585172 PMCID: PMC10999155 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One hundred and eighty crossbred beef steers (406.0 ± 2.2 kg) were used to determine the impact of a novel direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune response in finishing beef cattle. Steers were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned, within block, to 1 of 2 treatments (3 replicates/treatment: 30 steers/replicate). Treatments included: (1) no DFM (control) and (2) DFM supplementation at 50 mg ∙ animal-1 ∙ d-1 (BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus). All steers were fed a high-concentrate finishing diet and individual feed intake was recorded daily via the GrowSafe system. BWs were collected every 28 d. On day 55, 10 steers per pen were injected with ovalbumin (OVA). Jugular blood samples were collected from each steer on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 post injection. On day 112, the same steers were injected again with OVA and intramuscularly with a pig red blood cell solution. Jugular blood samples were collected from each steer on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 post injection. On day 124, rumen fluid was collected from 3 steers per treatment and used to estimate in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were transported to a commercial abattoir on days 145, 167, and 185 of the experiment, harvested, and carcass data were collected. Initial BW was similar across treatments. On days 28 and 55, steers receiving DFM had heavier BW (P < 0.01) compared to controls. The average daily gain was greater in DFM-supplemented steers from days 0 to 28 (P < 0.01) and days 0 to 55 (P < 0.01) of the experiment compared to controls. Overall dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P < 0.04) and overall feed efficiency was similar in DFM-supplemented steers compared to controls. Dressing percentage (P < 0.02) was greater in steers receiving DFM compared to controls. Antibody titers to injected antigens were similar across treatments. However, red blood cell superoxide dismutase activity was greater (P < 0.05) in DFM-supplemented steers compared to controls. In vitro molar proportions of isobutyric and butyric acid were greater (P < 0.01) and dry matter (DM) digestibility tended (P < 0.07) to be greater in rumen fluid obtained from steers supplemented with DFM. These data suggest that BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus supplementation improves growth performance during the initial period of the finishing phase, increases overall DMI and dressing percentage, and may impact antioxidant status in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Rafael Mezzomo
- Department of Ruminant Production, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia-UFRA, Campus de Parauapebas, Brazil
| | - Daiany I Gomes
- Department of Ruminant Production, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia-UFRA, Campus de Parauapebas, Brazil
| | - Huey Yi Loh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jonah R Levenson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Briana V Tangredi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sophie M Zuchegno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Erlene Chek
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - Terry E Engle
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Puvača N, Laudadio V, Mazzei D, Seidavi A, Ayasan T, Tufarelli V. Pros and Cons of Dietary Vitamin A and Its Precursors in Poultry Health and Production: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051131. [PMID: 37237998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained through diet. Despite being one of the earliest vitamins identified, a complete range of biological actions is still unknown. Carotenoids are a category of roughly 600 chemicals that are structurally related to vitamin A. Vitamin A can be present in the body in the form of retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Vitamins are required in minute amounts, yet they are critical for health, maintenance, and performing key biological functions in the body, such as growth, embryo development, epithelial cell differentiation, and immune function. Vitamin A deficiency induces a variety of problems, including lack of appetite, decreased development and immunity, and susceptibility to many diseases. Dietary preformed vitamin A, provitamin A, and several classes of carotenoids can be used to meet vitamin A requirements. The aim of this review is to compile the available scientific literature regarding the sources and important functions, such as growth, immunity, antioxidant, and other biological activities of vitamin A in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 59000, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy in Novi, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Mazzei
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Akinyemi F, Adewole D. Environmental Stress in Chickens and the Potential Effectiveness of Dietary Vitamin Supplementation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.775311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors can promote the vulnerability of animals to infections; it is therefore, essential to understand how stressors affect the immune system, the adaptive capacity of animals to respond, and effective techniques in managing stress. This review highlights scientific evidence regarding environmental stress challenge models and the potential effectiveness of vitamin supplementation. The major environmental stressors discussed are heat and cold stress, feed restriction, stocking density, and pollutants. Much work has been done to identify the effects of environmental stress in broilers and layers, while few involved other types of poultry. Studies indicated that chickens' performance, health, and welfare are compromised when challenged with environmental stress. These stressors result in physiological alterations, behavioral changes, decreased egg and meat quality, tissue and intestinal damage, and high mortalities. The application of vitamins with other nutritional approaches can help in combating these environmental stressors in chickens. Poultry birds do not synthesize sufficient vitamins during stressful periods. It is therefore suggested that chicken diets are supplemented with vitamins when subjected to environmental stress. Combination of vitamins are considered more efficient than the use of individual vitamins in alleviating environmental stress in chickens.
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Comparison of injectable trace minerals vs. adjuvant on measures of innate and humoral immune responses of beef heifers. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Saiz del Barrio A, Mansilla W, Navarro-Villa A, Mica J, Smeets J, den Hartog L, García-Ruiz A. Effect of mineral and vitamin C mix on growth performance and blood corticosterone concentrations in heat-stressed broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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7
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Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation during periods of heat stress. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Lin H, Jiao H, Buyse J, Decuypere E. Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - H.C. Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - J. Buyse
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Decuypere
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
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Adedokun SA, Olojede OC. Optimizing Gastrointestinal Integrity in Poultry: The Role of Nutrients and Feed Additives. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:348. [PMID: 30766877 PMCID: PMC6366008 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation of the immune system by stimulating or suppressing one or both arms, is an emerging concept driven by the understanding of the host defense system. In particular, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions not only as a site for digestion and absorption of nutrients but also acts as a metabolic and immunological organ. This serves as a barrier against abnormal presentation of luminal constituents, caused by dysfunctional intestinal epithelial barrier, to the mucosal immune system. Invasion by pathogens in the case of disease or stress or a massive influx of commensal bacteria overcomes the defensive mechanisms, resulting in the full activation of local dendritic cells and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A growing body of literature demonstrates the immune benefits of increasing the intake of specific nutrients. This strategy involves formulating diets that encompass the bioavailability and utilization of nutrients from various food sources and understanding the dynamics of the macro and micronutrients to support all physiological functions as well as maintaining the function of the immune cells. The nature and type of feed ingredients may also play some roles on the integrity of the GIT of birds. Because dietary intake or nutritional status as well as nutrient requirements may be altered as a result of disease or stress, this may eventually alter the gut microflora and intestinal mucosal integrity, resulting in a compromised barrier of the intestinal epithelium. The weakening of the intestinal integrity could result in an increase in bacterial adherence to the mucosa, bacterial translocation, susceptibility to opportunistic bacterial infection, and mis-appropriation of nutrients. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of dietary energy and nutrients as substrates that have the potential to influence GIT's health and integrity and their roles, directly or indirectly, in modulating bird's ability to be resilient or resist infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Adedokun
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Opeyemi C Olojede
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Mochamat N, Idrus Z, Soleimani Farjam A, Hossain MA. Response to withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral premixes from finisher diet in broiler chickens under the hot and humid tropical condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1268935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norasyikin Mochamat
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Abul Hossain
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Arthington JD, Moriel P, Martins PGMA, Lamb GC, Havenga LJ. Effects of trace mineral injections on measures of performance and trace mineral status of pre- and postweaned beef calves. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:2630-40. [PMID: 24867937 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) on measures of trace mineral status and performance in pre- and postweaned Brangus-crossbred beef calves. In Exp. 1, calves were assigned to treatments in alternating birth order (n = 150; 75/treatment), consisting of a 1-mL subcutaneous injection of ITM (MultiMin 90; MultiMin USA, Inc., Fort Collins, CO) or sterile saline. The ITM formulation consisted of 60, 10, 15, and 5 mg/mL of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se. Treatments were readministered at 100 and 200 d of age. Calf BW was recorded at birth and on d 100, 150, 200, and 250 (weaning). Trace mineral status was assessed in liver biopsy samples (n = 12/treatment) collected on d 150, 200, and 250. Administration of ITM had no impact on BW gain (P ≥ 0.55) but did result in greater (P ≤ 0.02) concentrations of liver Cu and Se and lesser (P = 0.05) liver Fe concentrations compared to saline-injected calves. In Exp. 2, 24 heifers were selected from the weaned calves of Exp. 1 (n = 12/treatment) and transported 1,600 km. Remaining on their original treatments, heifers were administered 5 mL of ITM or saline following transport (d 0). Blood samples, for acute phase protein (APP) analysis, were collected on d 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 13 and liver biopsy samples for assessment of trace mineral status on d 13. Plasma APP concentrations increased in all calves following weaning and transport but concentrations were greatest (P < 0.05) in ITM- vs. saline-injected heifers on d 6 and 9. Liver concentrations of Cu, Se, and Zn were greater (P ≤ 0.04) but ADG lesser (P = 0.05) for heifers receiving ITM vs. saline. In Exp. 3, 34 heifers, without previous exposure to ITM, were enrolled in a 177-d development study (n = 17/treatment). Treatments consisted of 2.5-mL injections of ITM or sterile saline on d 0, 51, and 127. Humoral immune response to an injection of porcine red blood cells (PRBC) was evaluated on d 51. Trace mineral status was evaluated in liver biopsy samples collected on d 177. Overall heifer ADG, PRBC antibody titers, and liver Se concentrations were greatest (P ≤ 0.06) for ITM vs. control heifers. Collectively, these studies demonstrate an increased trace mineral status, a greater humoral response to novel antigen, and a heightened APP response to weaning and transport stress in pre- and postweaned beef calves administered ITM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
| | | | - G C Lamb
- North Florida Research and Education Center Marianna 32446, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
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12
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Roto SM, Rubinelli PM, Ricke SC. An Introduction to the Avian Gut Microbiota and the Effects of Yeast-Based Prebiotic-Type Compounds as Potential Feed Additives. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:28. [PMID: 26664957 PMCID: PMC4672232 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has been searching for a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed as public concerns over the use of antibiotics and the appearance of antibiotic resistance has become more intense. An ideal replacement would be feed amendments that could eliminate pathogens and disease while retaining economic value via improvements on body weight and feed conversion ratios. Establishing a healthy gut microbiota can have a positive impact on growth and development of both body weight and the immune system of poultry while reducing pathogen invasion and disease. The addition of prebiotics to poultry feed represents one such recognized way to establish a healthy gut microbiota. Prebiotics are feed additives, mainly in the form of specific types of carbohydrates that are indigestible to the host while serving as substrates to select beneficial bacteria and altering the gut microbiota. Beneficial bacteria in the ceca easily ferment commonly studied prebiotics, producing short-chain fatty acids, while pathogenic bacteria and the host are unable to digest their molecular bonds. Prebiotic-like substances are less commonly studied, but show promise in their effects on the prevention of pathogen colonization, improvements on the immune system, and host growth. Inclusion of yeast and yeast derivatives as probiotic and prebiotic-like substances, respectively, in animal feed has demonstrated positive associations with growth performance and modification of gut morphology. This review will aim to link together how such prebiotics and prebiotic-like substances function to influence the native and beneficial microorganisms that result in a diverse and well-developed gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Roto
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Peter M. Rubinelli
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Tirawattanawanich C, Chantakru S, Nimitsantiwong W, Tongyai S. The effects of tropical environmental conditions on the stress and immune responses of commercial broilers, Thai indigenous chickens, and crossbred chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Virden W, Kidd M. Physiological stress in broilers: Ramifications on nutrient digestibility and responses. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Virden W, Dozier W, Corzo A, Kidd M. Physiological stress responses in broilers as affected by drinking water supplements or dietary corn particle size. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Laganá C, Ribeiro AML, Kessler AM, Kratz LR, Pinheiro CC. Effect of the supplementation of vitamins and organic minerals on the performance of broilers under heat stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Effects of Lifetime Copper, Zinc, and Manganese Supplementation and Source on Performance, Mineral Status, Immunity, and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Selection for immune function in the commercial breeding environment is a challenging proposition for commercial breeding companies. Immune response is only one of many traits that are under intensive selection, thus selection pressure needs to be carefully balanced across multiple traits. The selection environment (single bird cages, biosecure facilities, controlled environment) is a very different environment than the commercial production facilities (multiple bird cages, potential disease exposure, variable environment) in which birds are to produce. The testing of individual birds is difficult, time consuming, and expensive. It is essential that the results of any tests be relevant to actual disease or environmental challenge in the commercial environment. The use of genetic markers as indicators of immune function is being explored by breeding companies. Use of genetic markers would eliminate many of the limitations in enhancing immune function currently encountered by commercial breeding companies. Information on genetic markers would allow selection to proceed without subjecting breeding stock to disease conditions and could be done before production traits are measured. These markers could be candidate genes with known interaction or involvement with disease pathology or DNA markers that are closely linked to genetic regions that influence the immune response. The current major limitation to this approach is the paucity of mapped chicken immune response genes and the limited number of DNA markers mapped on the chicken genome. These limitations should be eliminated once the chicken genome is sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fulton
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, Iowa 50063, USA.
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19
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Balnave D. Challenges of Accurately Defining the Nutrient Requirements of Heat-Stressed Poultry. Poult Sci 2004; 83:5-14. [PMID: 14761078 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of factors that influence the nutrient requirements of heat-stressed poultry, through alterations in metabolism and biological responses, are much greater than those that influence the nutrient requirements of poultry at thermoneutral temperatures. Therefore, multiple dietary nutrient specifications adjusted for different intensities of heat stress experienced in different geographical locations, and for different management options used to combat such conditions, are likely to be required by poultry nutritionists. Financial constraints on the construction of suitable research facilities have limited the accumulation of knowledge concerning dietary nutrient specifications for heat-stressed poultry. Thus, input from commercial enterprises has contributed significantly to the accumulation of existing knowledge. Knowledge of the energy and amino acid requirements of birds during heat stress are best known, whereas vitamins and trace minerals remain among the least-researched groups of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Balnave
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia 2570.
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Dorton K, Engle T, Hamar D, Siciliano P, Yemm R. Effects of copper source and concentration on copper status and immune function in growing and finishing steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lin H, Wang LF, Song JL, Xie YM, Yang QM. Effect of dietary supplemental levels of vitamin A on the egg production and immune responses of heat-stressed laying hens. Poult Sci 2002; 81:458-65. [PMID: 11989744 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.4.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation of a commercial layer diet on the laying performance and immune function of heat-stressed hens. In Experiment 1, two different levels of vitamin A supplementation (3,000 and 9,000 IU/kg) were used to investigate the laying performance and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of heat-stressed hens. Results showed that the high level of vitamin A supplementation (9,000 IU/kg) had a beneficial effect on the feed intake and laying rate of heat-stressed hens (P < 0.05), compared with the control group (3,000 IU/kg). The antibody titers were not influenced by the level of vitamin A (P > 0.05). In Experiment 2, the effect of four levels of vitamin A (3,000, 6,000, 9,000, and 12,000 IU/kg) on the antibody titer to NDV and T lymphocyte proportion was studied. The experimental birds were exposed to a high temperature (31.5 C) 15 d after NDV vaccination (Treatment 1) or immediately (Treatment 2). The results showed that the egg weight was increased (P < 0.01) by the high levels of vitamin A supplementation (6,000 and 9,000 IU/kg), but feed intake, laying rate, and body weight loss were not (P > 0.05). In Treatment 1, vitamin A had no significant effect on antibody titers against NDV in normal or hot environments but increased (P < 0.01) the proportion of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive cells. Vitamin A supplementation had a significant effect on NDV antibody titer and ANAE-positive cell proportion in Treatment 2 (P < 0.01). The results of the present study suggested that vitamin A supplementation in commercial layer diets to layer chickens under heat stress was beneficial to laying performance and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P R China.
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Wang S, Edens FW. Heat conditioning induces heat shock proteins in broiler chickens and turkey poults. Poult Sci 1998; 77:1636-45. [PMID: 9835337 DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.11.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral leukocyte heat shock proteins (HSP: HSP90, HSP70, and HSP23) from broiler chickens and turkey poults were induced by in vitro and in vivo high temperature exposure. Heat conditioning, via a daily 1 h exposure to 41 C, enhanced in vitro HSP expression in leukocytes from chickens heat-conditioned for 1 to 2 wk, and a similar response was found in turkey poults with 3 wk of heat conditioning causing the greatest HSP expression. In vivo heat exposure trials caused maximization of HSP expression after 1 wk of daily heat conditioning exposures in broilers, but no additional enhancement was seen in chickens heat conditioned for 2 wk. Enhancement in HSP expression was evident for periods up to 4 wk after termination of the daily heat conditioning episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- North Carolina State University, Department of Poultry Science, Raleigh 27695-7635, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Qureshi
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA
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Deyhim F, Stoecker BJ, Teeter RG. Vitamin and trace mineral withdrawal effects on broiler breast tissue riboflavin and thiamin content. Poult Sci 1996; 75:201-2. [PMID: 8833371 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0750201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to determine whether a Day 28 to 49 dietary vitamin, trace mineral, and vitamin plus trace mineral premix withdrawal would impact Pectoralis major thiamin or riboflavin concentration in chicks reared under thermoneutral (24 C) and heat-stressed (24 to 35 C) conditions. No significant (P > 0.1) environment by nutrient withdrawal interactions were detected. Heat stress and vitamin withdrawal reduced (P < 0.05) P major thiamin and riboflavin concentration. In contrast, trace mineral withdrawal failed (P> 0.1) to impact either vitamin. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that a 21-d vitamin withdrawal and heat stress exposure have the potential to reduce muscle riboflavin and thiamin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Deyhim
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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Qureshi MA, Garlich JD, Hagler WM, Weinstock D. Fusarium proliferatum culture material alters several production and immune performance parameters in White Leghorn chickens. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1995; 17:791-804. [PMID: 8537614 DOI: 10.3109/08923979509037197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
White Leghorn Cornell K-strain chicks (3 replicates of 16 per pen) were started at Day 7 on feed amended with Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, and moniliformin at 61, 10.5, and 42.7 ppm, respectively. Observed effects on performance of treated birds included reduced feed conversion at 2 wk, and reduced body weight of males and females up to 6 wk (P < or = .05). Splenic, thymic, and liver weights, normalized for body weight, were reduced (P < or = .05) with no change in bursa of Fabricius. No significant changes were observed histologically in the spleen, bursa, kidney, heart, liver, cecal tonsils, colon, or tibia. Significant suppression in total Ig and IgG levels occurred. Macrophages from treated chicks exhibited a 34% reduction in phagocytic activity. Natural killer cell activity was not affected. These findings, which showed that Fusarium toxins alter performance and immune end points in chickens, imply that chickens exposed to mycotoxins may be more susceptible to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Qureshi
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA
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The effects of heat distress environment, vitamin, and trace mineral supplementation on performance, blood constituents, and tissue mineral concentrations in broiler chickens. Nutr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0271-5317(95)00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Deyhim F, Teeter RG. Dietary Vitamin and/or Trace Mineral Premix Effects on Performance, Humoral Mediated Immunity, and Carcass Composition of Broilers During Thermoneutral and High Ambient Temperature Distress. J APPL POULTRY RES 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/2.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Influence of dietary zinc and dexamethasone on immune responses and resistance to Pastuerella hemolytica challenge in growing lambs. Nutr Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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