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Nuamah E, Okon UM, Jeong E, Mun Y, Cheon I, Chae B, Odoi FNA, Kim DW, Choi NJ. Unlocking Phytate with Phytase: A Meta-Analytic View of Meat-Type Chicken Muscle Growth and Bone Mineralization Potential. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2090. [PMID: 39061552 PMCID: PMC11274156 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of exogenous phytase in P- and Ca-deficient diets of broilers to address the growing concern about excessive P excretion into the environment over the years has been remarkably documented. However, responses among these studies have been inconsistent because of the several factors affecting P utilization. For this reason, a systematic review with a meta-analysis of results from forty-one studies published from 2000 to February 2024 was evaluated to achieve the following: (1) quantitatively summarize the size of phytase effect on growth performance, bone strength and mineralization in broilers fed diets deficient in P and Ca and (2) estimate and explore the heterogeneity in the effect size of outcomes using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's SYRCLE risk of bias checklists for animal studies. Applying the random effects models, Hedges' g effect size of supplemented phytase was calculated using the R software (version 4.3.3, Angel Food Cake) to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to further explore the effect size heterogeneity (PSMD ≤ 0.05, I2 > 50%, n ≥ 10). The meta-analysis showed that supplemental phytase increases ADFI and BWG and improves FCR at each time point of growth (p < 0.0001). Additionally, phytase supplementation consistently increased tibia ash, P and Ca, and bone strength (p < 0.0001) of broilers fed P- and Ca-deficient diets. The results of the subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that the age and strain of broiler, dietary P source, and the duration of phytase exposure significantly influence the effect size of phytase on growth and bone parameters. In conclusion, phytase can attenuate the effect of reducing dietary-available phosphorus and calcium and improve ADFI, BWG, and FCR, especially when added to starter diets. It further enhances bone ash, bone mineralization, and the bone-breaking strength of broilers, even though the effects of bone ash and strength can be maximized in the starter phase of growth. However, the effect sizes of phytase were related to the age and strain of the broiler, dietary P source, and the duration of phytase exposure rather than the dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nuamah
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Utibe Mfon Okon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin 532111, Nigeria;
| | - Eungyeong Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Yejin Mun
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Inhyeok Cheon
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Byungho Chae
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Frederick Nii Ako Odoi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 3321, Ghana;
| | - Dong-wook Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (Y.M.); (I.C.); (B.C.)
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BERTECHINI ANTÔNIOG, REIS MATHEUSP, DALÓLIO FELIPES, CARVALHO JULIOCESARC. Phosphorus release capacity in different dietary commercial phytases through performance and bone characteristics assessment of broiler chickens. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210286. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - MATHEUS P. REIS
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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Haile TH, Guohua L, Wu Z, Chen J, Wang H, Pirzado SA, Huiyi C. Measurement of total tract retention of phosphorus in several feedstuffs of plant origin for broiler chickens: effect of microbial phytase. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1988876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tesfay Hagos Haile
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Guohua
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengke Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huakang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Huiyi
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Arguelles-Ramos M, Nusairat B, Qudsieh R, Brake J. Effects of Phytase Inclusion in Broiler Breeder Diets During Early Lay on their Fecal and Egg Characteristics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B Nusairat
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - R Qudsieh
- North Carolina State University, USA
| | - J Brake
- North Carolina State University, USA
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The effects ofmicrobial phytases and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on the productive performance and bone mineralization of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tang Z, Jin W, Sun R, Liao Y, Zhen T, Chen H, Wu Q, Gou L, Li C. Improved thermostability and enzyme activity of a recombinant phyA mutant phytase from Aspergillus niger N25 by directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 108:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Demir Y, Şenol Kotan M, Dikbaş N, Beydemir Ş. Phytase from Weissella halotolerans: purification, partial characterisation and the effect of some metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1368547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Merve Şenol Kotan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Dikbaş
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Li W, Angel R, Kim SW, Brady K, Yu S, Plumstead PW. Impacts of dietary calcium, phytate, and phytase on inositol hexakisphosphate degradation and inositol phosphate release in different segments of digestive tract of broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3626-3637. [PMID: 28938789 PMCID: PMC5850842 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 720 straight-run Heritage 56 M × fast feathering Cobb 500F broiler chickens was fed from 11 to 13 d of age to determine the impacts of dietary calcium (Ca), phytate phosphorus (PP), and phytase concentrations on inositol phosphate (IP3-6) profile in different digestive tract (GI) segments. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 3 randomized block design with 2 Ca (0.7 and 1.0%) and 2 PP (0.23 and 0.34%) concentrations and 3 doses of Buttiauxella sp. phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg). The experiment was replicated in time (block) with 3 replicates per treatment (Trt) of 10 birds per block. Concentrations of IP3-6 in the crop, proventriculus (Prov) plus (+) gizzard (Giz), and distal ileum, as well as the ileal IP6 and P disappearance were determined at 13 d of age. The detrimental impact of Ca on IP6 and P disappearance was observed only in the ileum, where 11% reduction in both IP6 and P disappearance was seen when Ca increased from 0.7 to 1.0% (P < 0.05). Higher IP5 and IP6 concentrations were seen in both the crop and Prov+Giz at 0.34% PP as compared to birds fed to 0.23% PP diets, regardless of Ca or phytase (P < 0.05), whereas IP3 and IP4 concentrations were not affected by PP (P > 0.05). Inclusion of phytase, at both 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg, resulted in lower IP6 and the accumulation of lower IP ester (IP3-5) concentrations in all GI segments (P < 0.05). Improved IP6 and P disappearance was seen as a result of phytase inclusion, despite the degree of improvement affected by PP (P < 0.05). On average, 5.5 and 6.7 times improvement in IP6 was observed with 500 and 1,000 FTU phytase/kg inclusion, respectively, resulting in 41 and 64% greater P digestibility, respectively. In conclusion, phytase can effectively degrade IP6 to lower esters and increase P utilization. However, the efficacy of phytase can be affected by diet Ca and PP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - R. Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - S.-W. Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - K. Brady
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - S. Yu
- Enzyme R&D, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Aarhus, DK-8220, Denmark
| | - P. W. Plumstead
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, SN8 1AA, UK
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Gautier A, Walk C, Dilger R. Influence of dietary calcium concentrations and the calcium-to-non-phytate phosphorus ratio on growth performance, bone characteristics, and digestibility in broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2795-2803. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Reis CER, He Q, Rajendran A, Hu B. Retrofit Process Development for Phytate Extraction from Corn-Ethanol Coproducts Using Industrial Anion-Exchange Resins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano E. Rodrigues Reis
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 316 BAE 1390 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-6005, United States
| | - Qiyang He
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 316 BAE 1390 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-6005, United States
| | - Aravindan Rajendran
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 316 BAE 1390 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-6005, United States
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Bioproducts
and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 316 BAE 1390 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108-6005, United States
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Vashishth A, Ram S, Beniwal V. Cereal phytases and their importance in improvement of micronutrients bioavailability. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:42. [PMID: 28444586 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid is a main reservoir of phosphorous (P) in plants and contributes to about 80% of the total P in cereal seeds. However, it is well known to possess anti-nutritional behavior. Because it has strong affinity to chelate divalent ions e.g. calcium, magnesium, and especially with iron and zinc. Therefore, it is extremely poor as a dietary source of P. To enhance bio-availability of micronutrients, an enzyme namely phytase is known to hydrolyze phytic acid. Unfortunately, phytase is not produced in the stomach of monogastric animals and humans. Thus, the presence of phytic acid in cereal foods has become major concern about the deficiency of essential micronutrients in developing countries. To address this problem, various types of phytase have been isolated, purified and characterized from different varieties of cereal till date. Therefore, the present article discusses about catalytic properties, gene regulation of such cereal phytases and their importance in ensuring food safety.
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Ribeiro V, Salguero S, Gomes G, Barros V, Silva D, Barreto S, Rostagno H, Hannas M, Albino L. Efficacy and phosphorus equivalency values of two bacterial phytases (Escherichia coli and Citrobacter braakii) allow the partial reduction of dicalcium phosphate added to the diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Effectiveness of exogenous microbial phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in maize-soya-bean meal diets for broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800058264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA 3-week feeding trial using 300 1-day-old male broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding three levels of a microbial phytase (Finnfeed phytase; 250, 500 and 1000 U per kg diet) to a maize-soya-bean-meal diet containing 3·0 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus and 8·0 g/kg calcium. A diet containing 4·0 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus and 9·0 g/kg calcium served as the positive control. The responses were evaluated in terms of broiler performance, toe ash contents, ileal phytate degradation, ileal digestibility of nitrogen, amino acids, phosphorus, starch and fat, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent ileal digestible energy, and apparent retention of phosphorus and nitrogen. The addition of 500 U phytase per kg diet to the phosphorus-deficient maize-soya-bean-meal diet improved the performance and toe ash contents of broilers to equal those given the positive control diet. Ileal phytate degradation data provided direct evidence to the efficacy of phytase in hydrolysing the phytic acid. Addition of 500 U phytase per kg to the maize-soya-bean-meal diet which contained 3·0 g phytate-phosphorus per kg resulted in more than doubling of phytate degradation from 0·218 to 0·481. Supplemental phytase improved ileal digestibility of nitrogen, amino acids, starch and lipids, with these improvements being eventually reflected in enhancements in ileal digestible energy and apparent metabolizable energy.
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Jiang XR, Luo FH, Qu MR, Bontempo V, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Yue HY, Qi GH. Effects of Non-Phytate Phosphorus Levels and Phytase Sources on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical and Tibia Parameters of Broiler Chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Taheri HR, Jabbari Z, Adibnia S, Shahir MH, Hosseini SA. Effect of high-dose phytase and citric acid, alone or in combination, on growth performance of broilers given diets severely limited in available phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:708-15. [PMID: 26361795 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1093094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of high-dose phytase alone or in combination with citric acid (CA) in the diet severely limited in available phosphorus (P) on performance, plasma P and plasma Ca of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. 2. In Trial 1, 297 21-d-old female chicks were placed into 27 pens and allocated to 9 maize-soybean meal-based dietary treatments, which were a positive control [PC, 4.23 g/kg non-phytate P (NPP)] and 8 negative control (NC, 1.35 g/kg NPP) groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of phytase (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In Trial 2, 192 21-d-old male chicks were placed into 24 pens and allocated to 6 wheat-canola meal-based dietary treatments, which were a PC (4.2 g/kg NPP), a NC (1.68 g/kg NPP) and 4 NC groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and two concentrations of phytase (2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. 3. In both trials, birds fed on the PC had significantly higher average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), plasma P and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma Ca than those of birds fed on the NC. CA supplementation significantly increased ADG and ADFI. There was a significant interaction between CA and phytase on plasma P where CA improved the effect of phytase on plasma P. In Trial 1, phytase addition improved ADG, ADFI, FCR and plasma Ca linearly. 4. Briefly, this research showed the interaction effect between CA and phytase on plasma P when broilers were fed on diets based on maize-soybean meal or wheat-canola meal. The results showed that CA supplementation lowered the concentration of phytase that is needed in low NPP diets to increase plasma P.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Taheri
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Z Jabbari
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - S Adibnia
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - M H Shahir
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - S A Hosseini
- b Animal Science Research Institute , Karaj , Iran
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Vieira S, Anschau D, Stefanello, Serafini N, Kindlein L, Cowieson A, Sorbara J. Phosphorus equivalency of a Citrobracter braakii phytase in broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Taheri HR, Heidari A, Shahir MH. Effect of high-dose phytase supplementation in broilers from 22 to 42 days post-hatch given diets severely limited in available phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:330-6. [PMID: 25693790 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Two trials were conducted from 22 to 42 d post-hatch to evaluate the effectiveness of high concentrations of supplemental phytase in maize-soya bean meal-based diets severely limited in available phosphorus (P). Growth performance, plasma P and tibia ash (TA) were measured. 2. Each trial used 220 21-d-old male broilers in 20 pens with 11 birds per pen. Dietary treatments included a positive control [PC, 4.3 g/kg nonphytate P (NPP)], negative control [NC, 2.3 g/kg NPP (Trial 1) or 1.4 g/kg NPP (Trial 2)] and NC plus 1000, 2000 or 4000 phytase U/kg of the diet. 3. Birds fed on the PC diet had higher average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), plasma P (Trials 1 and 2) and TA (Trial 2) than those fed on the NC. 4. In Trial 1, ADG and G:F values of the NC plus 1000, 2000 or 4000 phytase U/kg reached those of the PC. Plasma P values of the NC plus 2000 or 4000 phytase U/kg reached that of the PC. Although TA values of the NC, NC + 1000 or NC + 2000 reached that of the PC, TA of the NC + 4000 was more than that of the PC. 5. In Trial 2, ADG and G:F values of the NC plus 4000 phytase U/kg reached those of the PC; nevertheless, plasma P values of the NC diets did not come up to that of the PC. While TA values of the NC, NC + 1000 or NC + 2000 did not reach that of the PC, TA of the NC + 4000 was greater than that of the PC. 6. Results of this study showed that, in the diets with 2.3 and 1.4 g/kg NPP, respectively, 1000 and 4000 phytase U/kg can be sufficient to obtain a comparable performance in broilers to those given diets adequate in available P.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Taheri
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan 45371-38791 , Iran
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Chen CC, Cheng KJ, Ko TP, Guo RT. Current Progresses in Phytase Research: Three-Dimensional Structure and Protein Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jemli S, Ayadi-Zouari D, Hlima HB, Bejar S. Biocatalysts: application and engineering for industrial purposes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:246-58. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.950550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Olukosi OA, Fru-Nji F. The interplay of dietary nutrient specification and varying calcium to total phosphorus ratio on efficacy of a bacterial phytase: 1. Growth performance and tibia mineralization. Poult Sci 2014; 93:3037-43. [PMID: 25332135 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-d experiment was conducted to study the effects of 2 dietary variables on efficacy of a 6-phytase from Citrobacter braakii on broiler growth performance and tibia mineralization. Diets were formulated with or without nutrient matrix values for phytase as negative or positive control (NC or PC, respectively) and with 2 Ca:total P (tP; 2:1 or 2.5:1). The diets were supplemented with 0, 1,000, or 2,000 phytase units (FYT)/kg, thus producing a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Birds and feed were weighed on d 7 and 21, and tibia bones were collected from all the birds on d 21. The main effects of nutrient matrix, Ca:tP, and phytase supplementation were significant (P < 0.05) for all the growth performance responses (except for G:F for which there was no effect of matrix). The Ca:tP × phytase and matrix × phytase interactions were significant (P < 0.05) for weight gain. In the PC diets, phytase increased weight gain (P < 0.05) relative to the control only in diets with 2,000 FYT/kg, whereas in NC diets weight gain increased (P < 0.01) only from 0 to 1,000 FYT/kg levels. Broilers consuming diets with 2.5:1 Ca:tP had lower (P < 0.05) tibia ash, whereas phytase increased (P < 0.01) tibia ash, Ca, P, and Zn but decreased (P < 0.01) tibia K. Phytase supplementation of diets with 2:1 Ca:tP increased (P < 0.05) tibia P in birds receiving 1,000 FYT/kg relative to the control with no further increase at 2,000 FYT/kg, whereas each level of phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) tibia P in the diets with 2.5:1 Ca:tP. It was concluded that the best response to lower phytase supplementation (1,000 FYT/kg) was in NC diets with narrow Ca:tP, whereas the best response to higher level of phytase supplementation (2,000 FYT/kg) was achieved in diets in PC diets with wide Ca:tP.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Olukosi
- Avian Science Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, United Kingdom
| | - F Fru-Nji
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Bougouin A, Appuhamy J, Kebreab E, Dijkstra J, Kwakkel R, France J. Effects of phytase supplementation on phosphorus retention in broilers and layers: A meta-analysis. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1981-92. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Efficacy of phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and bone mineralization in broiler chicken. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Evaluation of phytate-degrading Lactobacillus culture administration to broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:943-50. [PMID: 24271165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03155-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been demonstrated to promote growth, stimulate immune responses, and improve food safety of poultry. While widely used, their effectiveness is mixed, and the mechanisms through which they contribute to poultry production are not well understood. Microbial phytases are increasingly supplemented in feed to improve digestibility and reduce antinutritive effects of phytate. The microbial origin of these exogenous enzymes suggests a potentially important mechanism of probiotic functionality. We investigated phytate degradation as a novel probiotic mechanism using recombinant Lactobacillus cultures expressing Bacillus subtilis phytase. B. subtilis phyA was codon optimized for expression in Lactobacillus and cloned into the expression vector pTRK882. The resulting plasmid, pTD003, was transformed into Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, and Lactobacillus gasseri. SDS-PAGE revealed a protein in the culture supernatants of Lactobacillus pTD003 transformants with a molecular weight similar to that of the B. subtilis phytase. Expression of B. subtilis phytase increased phytate degradation of L. acidophilus, L. gasseri, and L. gallinarum approximately 4-, 10-, and 18-fold over the background activity of empty-vector transformants, respectively. Phytase-expressing L. gallinarum and L. gasseri were administered to broiler chicks fed a phosphorus-deficient diet. Phytase-expressing L. gasseri improved weight gain of broiler chickens to a level comparable to that for chickens fed a control diet adequate in phosphorus, demonstrating proof of principle that administration of phytate-degrading probiotic cultures can improve performance of livestock animals. This will inform future studies investigating whether probiotic cultures are able to provide both the performance benefits of feed enzymes and the animal health and food safety benefits traditionally associated with probiotics.
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Yu P, Chen Y. Purification and characterization of a novel neutral and heat-tolerant phytase from a newly isolated strain Bacillus nealsonii ZJ0702. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:78. [PMID: 24073799 PMCID: PMC3849611 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytic acid and phytates can interact with biomolecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and are anti-nutritional factors found in food and feed. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these compounds in food and feed processing. Phytase can hydrolyze phytic acid and phytates to release a series of lower phosphate esters of myoinositol and orthophosphate. Thus, the purification and characterization of novel phytases that can be used in food and feed processing is of particular interest to the food and feed industries. Results A novel neutral and heat-tolerant phytase from a newly isolated strain Bacillus nealsonii ZJ0702 was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 5.7% and a purification fold of 44. The molecular weight of the purified phytase obtained by SDS-PAGE was 43 kDa. The homology analysis based on N-terminal amino acid and DNA sequencing indicated that the purified phytase was different from other known phytases. The optimal thermal and pH activity of the phytase was observed at 55°C and 7.5, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the original activity of the phytase was maintained following incubation at 90°C for 10 min. The phytase was stable within a pH range of 6.0 − 8.0 and showed high substrate specificity for sodium phytate. Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ba2+ and Ni2+ ions were found to inhibit the activity of the phytase. Conclusions A novel phytase purified from B. nealsonii ZJ0702 was identified. The phytase was found to be thermally stable over a wide temperature range at neutral pH. These properties suggest that this phytase is a suitable alternative to fungal phytases for the hydrolysis of phytic acid and phytates in food and feed processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou 310035, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Iyayi EA, Fru-Nji F, Adeola O. True phosphorus digestibility of black-eyed pea and peanut flour without or with phytase supplementation in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1595-603. [PMID: 23687156 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine the true P digestibility (TPD) of black-eyed pea (BEP) and peanut flour (PNF) and the TPD response to phytase supplementation using the regression method. Sequential diets containing 115, 230, or 345 g of BEP/kg (experiment 1) and 115, 230, or 345 g of PNF/kg (experiment 2) without or with 1,000 units of phytase/kg were formulated. Chromic oxide was added to the diets at the rate of 5 g/kg as an indigestible marker. At 20 d posthatch in each study, 384 male broiler chickens (Ross 708) were weighed and allotted to the diets with 8 replicates of 8 birds each in a randomized complete block design. The birds had free access to the experimental diets until d 26 posthatch. In both studies, dietary P increase and phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.001) growth performance of the broiler chickens. There were linear increases (P < 0. 001) in ileal and excreta P output but a linear decrease (P < 0.001) in apparent P digestibility with an increase in dietary P levels. Phytase supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) ileal P and excreta P output and increased (P < 0.001) apparent P digestibility and retention. Apparent Ca digestibility was affected (P < 0.01) by P level and phytase addition in BEP and by P level (P < 0.05) in PNF. Apparent Ca retention in BEP increased (P < 0.05) with phytase addition. The TPD in the BEP increased (P < 0.01) from 29 without phytase to 83% with the addition of 1,000 units of phytase/kg. There was an increase (P < 0.01) in TPD of PNF from 67 without phytase to 75% with phytase supplementation. There was a corresponding increase (P < 0.01) in true P retention from 10% without phytase to 61% with phytase in birds on BEP diets and an equivalent increase (P < 0.01) in true P retention from 74% without phytase to 84% with phytase in birds that received the PNF diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Iyayi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Karimi A, Coto C, Mussini F, Goodgame S, Lu C, Yuan J, Bedford M, Waldroup P. Interactions between phytase and xylanase enzymes in male broiler chicks fed phosphorus-deficient diets from 1 to 18 days of age. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1818-23. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lavin TE, Nielsen BD, Zingsheim JN, O'Connor-Robison CI, Link JE, Hill GM, Shelton J. Effects of phytase supplementation in mature horses fed alfalfa hay and pelleted concentrate diets. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1719-27. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Lavin
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - B. D. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J. N. Zingsheim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | | | - J. E. Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - G. M. Hill
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J. Shelton
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Elk River, MN 55330
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Abstract
Phytases are phosphohydrolytic enzymes that initiate stepwise removal of phosphate from phytate. Simple-stomached species such as swine, poultry, and fish require extrinsic phytase to digest phytate, the major form of phosphorus in plant-based feeds. Consequently, this enzyme is supplemented in these species’ diets to decrease their phosphorus excretion, and it has emerged as one of the most effective and lucrative feed additives. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the evolving course of phytase science and technology. It gives realistic estimates of the versatile roles of phytase in animal feeding, environmental protection, rock phosphorus preservation, human nutrition and health, and industrial applications. It elaborates on new biotechnology and existing issues related to developing novel microbial phytases as well as phytase-transgenic plants and animals. And it targets critical and integrated analyses on the global impact, novel application, and future demand of phytase in promoting animal agriculture, human health, and societal sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | | | | | - Michael J. Azain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Malakzadegan A, Zaghari M, Khalaji S, Shivazad M. Crude protein equivalence value of a multi-enzyme product for 28- and 42-day-old broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2012000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yadav JSS, Bezawada J, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Candida krusei: biotechnological potentials and concerns about its safety. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:937-52. [PMID: 22823163 DOI: 10.1139/w2012-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts have a tradition in biotechnological applications, and Saccharomyces species are the most dominating representatives. Among the yeast species, Candida krusei has been isolated from different habitats, and in recent years, it has gained increased interest because of its diverse biotechnological role. It is found in many fermented food items and dairy products and has also been exploited for production of biochemicals and enzymes. However, because of its opportunistic pathogenic nature, it draws scientific attention regarding the safety of its industrial exploitation. Candida krusei generally causes infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those suffering from Human immunodeficiency virus - acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and also in cancer patients. The recent increase in the use of immunosuppressive drugs has increased the chances of C. krusei infections. Candida krusei possesses an intrinsic resistance to many triazole antifungal drugs, especially fluconazole, which is a main drug used in antifungal therapy; therefore, there is serious concern regarding its safe industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Shankar Singh Yadav
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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Lan G, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Ho YW. Effects of freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii culture and Natuphos(®) phytase supplementation on the performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:266-273. [PMID: 21796639 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytate-bound phosphorus (P) in poultry diets is poorly available to chickens. Hence exogenous phytase is often added to their diets. Mitsuokella jalaludinii is a rumen bacterial species that produces high phytase activity. In this study the effects of freeze-dried active M. jalaludinii culture (FD-AMJC) and Natuphos(®) phytase (phytase N) supplementations on the growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens fed a low-available P (aP) diet were evaluated. RESULTS Supplementation of FD-AMJC or phytase N to the low-aP diet improved the feed intake, feed conversion rate, body weight gain, dry matter (DM) digestibility and P, Ca and Mn retention, increased the tibia bone ash content, Ca and P concentrations in tibia DM and P and Zn concentrations in plasma and reduced the P excretion of broiler chickens. However, the feed conversion rate, P and Ca retention, DM digestibility and reduction of P excretion were better with FD-AMJC than phytase N supplementation. Supplementation of FD-AMJC to the low-aP diet also improved the apparent metabolisable energy value of the diet, Cu and Zn retention and crude protein digestibility, but phytase N supplementation did not. CONCLUSION FD-AMJC supplementation was more efficient in improving nutrient utilisation and reducing P excretion in chickens than phytase N supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqiu Lan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yao MZ, Zhang YH, Lu WL, Hu MQ, Wang W, Liang AH. Phytases: crystal structures, protein engineering and potential biotechnological applications. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:1-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Zhang R, Yang P, Huang H, Yuan T, Shi P, Meng K, Yao B. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a new alkaline β-propeller phytase from the insect symbiotic bacterium Janthinobacterium sp. TN115. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:317-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Fu D, Li Z, Huang H, Yuan T, Shi P, Luo H, Meng K, Yang P, Yao B. Catalytic efficiency of HAP phytases is determined by a key residue in close proximity to the active site. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1295-302. [PMID: 21380516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The maximum activity of Yersinia enterocolitica phytase (YeAPPA) occurs at pH 5.0 and 45 °C, and notably, its specific activity (3.28 ± 0.24 U mg(-1)) is 800-fold less than that of its Yersinia kristeensenii homolog (YkAPPA; 88% amino acid sequence identity). Sequence alignment and molecular modeling show that the arginine at position 79 (Arg79) in YeAPPA corresponding to Gly in YkAPPA as well as other histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) phytases is the only non-conserved residue near the catalytic site. To characterize the effects of the corresponding residue on the specific activities of HAP phytases, Escherichia coli EcAPPA, a well-characterized phytase with a known crystal structure, was selected for mutagenesis-its Gly73 was replaced with Arg, Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, Leu, or Tyr. The results show that the specific activities of all of the corresponding EcAPPA mutants (17-2,400 U mg(-1)) were less than that of the wild-type phytase (3,524 U mg(-1)), and the activity levels were approximately proportional to the molecular volumes of the substituted residues' side chains. Site-directed replacement of Arg79 in YeAPPA (corresponding to Gly73 of EcAPPA) with Ser, Leu, and Gly largely increased the specific activity, which further verified the key role of the residue at position 79 for determining phytase activity. Thus, a new determinant that influences the catalytic efficiency of HAP phytases has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Fu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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37
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Evaluation of Commercial Phytases on Performance and Skeletal Strength of Two Broiler Strains. J Poult Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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38
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Khalaji S, Zaghari M, Shivazad M. Estimation of standardised ileal threonine equivalency values of a multi-enzyme and its effects on broiler chick’s performance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Panda AK, Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Bhanja SK. Effect of microbial phytase on production performance of White Leghorn layers fed on a diet low in non-phytate phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2010; 46:464-9. [PMID: 16268104 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment with 150 White Leghorn layers was conducted to examine the effect of microbial phytase supplementation of low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on egg production, eggshell quality, bone mineralisation and retention of nutrients at 32-48 weeks of age. 2. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 g NPP/kg diet with the two lowest NPP (1.2 and 1.8) supplemented with microbial phytase (Biofeed Phytase, India) at 500 FTU per kg diet. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 5 replicates of 5 layers throughout the experiment. 3. Body weight gain was reduced significantly in the layers fed on the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet as compared to those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg. Addition of phytase to the 1.2 g/kg diet significantly enhanced the body weight and was comparable with those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg NPP. 4. No additional advantage resulted from enhancing the NPP levels beyond 1.8 g/kg or adding phytase to a diet containing 1.8 g/kg NPP. 5. Hen d egg production, food intake, food efficiency, shell weight, shell thickness, shell strength and tibia strength followed the same trends as above. However, adding phytase to the 1.8 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced tibia ash. Egg weight, specific gravity and Haugh units were influenced by neither NPP concentration nor phytase supplementation. 6. Adding phytase to the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention. 7. It was concluded that addition of 500 FTU of microbial phytase/kg diet can allow the reduction of NPP content to 1.2g/kg in the layer diet, eliminate inorganic phosphorus supplementation and results in significant reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion without affecting the production performance of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Panda
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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40
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Production, characteristics and applications of the cell-bound phytase of Pichia anomala. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:51-5. [PMID: 20730601 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Among several yeasts isolated from dried flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa, Pichia anomala produced a high titre of cell-bound phytase. The optimization of fermentation variables led to formulation of media and selection of cultural variables that supported enhanced phytase production. The enzyme productivity was very high in fed batch fermentation in air-lift fermentor as compared to that in stirred tank fermentor. Amelioration in the cell-bound phytase activity was observed when yeast cells were permeabilized with Triton-X-100. The enzyme is thermostable and acid stable with broad substrate specificity, the characteristics that are desirable for enzymes to be used in the animal feed industry. The phytase-encoding gene was cloned and sequenced. The 3D structure of the enzyme was proposed by comparative modeling using phytase of Debaryomyces occidentalis (50% sequence identity) as template. When broiler chicks, and fresh water and marine fishes were fed with the feed supplemented with yeast biomass containing phytase, improvement in growth and phosphorus retention, and decrease in the excretion of phosphorus in the faeces were recorded. The cell-bound phytase of P. anomala could effectively dephytinize wheat flour and soymilk.
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In vitro and in vivo enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytate in maize–soya bean meal diets for broiler chickens by phytase of Mitsuokella jalaludinii. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HP, Becker K. Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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McGrath JM, Sims JT, Maguire RO, Saylor WW, Angel R. Modifying broiler diets with phytase and vitamin D metabolite (25-OH D(3)): impact on phosphorus in litter, amended soils, and runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:324-332. [PMID: 20048320 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adding phytase and 25- hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D(3)) to broiler diets has been shown effective at reducing total P concentrations in broiler litter. This study was conducted to determine the impact of field application of broiler litter from modified diets on P solubility in litter-amended soils and P losses in runoff. Five broiler diets and their resulting litters were evaluated: a high P diet, a low P diet, each of those basal diets with phytase added, and a low P diet with phytase and 25-OH D(3) added. A field study was initiated at two sites with each of the five broiler litters and a commercial P fertilizer (triple superphosphate [TSP]) applied at the same total P rate (150 kg P ha(-1)) and a control where no P was applied. Soil P was monitored over time at two depths (0-5 cm and 0-15 cm) soils were collected in the spring and fall to perform rainfall simulation studies. Broiler litter or TSP application increased soil water-soluble P and Mehlich 3-P concentrations relative to the control, however there were no consistent differences detected between litter treatments. Results from the rainfall simulation experiments indicate that diet modification with phytase or 25-OH D(3) does not increase the potential for P losses in runoff from amended soils relative to traditional diets. Moreover, broiler diet modification to reduce excreted P could be a potentially effective method for reducing watershed scale P surpluses in areas of intensive broiler production, without raising concerns over soluble P losses from litter-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M McGrath
- Dep. of Environmental Science and Technology, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Han J, Yang X, Qu H, Xu M, Zhang T, Li W, Yao J, Liu Y, Shi B, Zhou Z, Feng X. Evaluation of equivalency values of microbial phytase to inorganic phosphorus in 22- to 42-day-old broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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45
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Huang H, Shao N, Wang Y, Luo H, Yang P, Zhou Z, Zhan Z, Yao B. A novel beta-propeller phytase from Pedobacter nyackensis MJ11 CGMCC 2503 with potential as an aquatic feed additive. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:249-59. [PMID: 19139877 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A phytase with high activity at neutral pH and typical water temperatures ( approximately 25 degrees C) could effectively hydrolyze phytate in aquaculture. In this study, a phytase-producing strain, Pedobacter nyackensis MJ11 CGMCC 2503, was isolated from glacier soil, and the relevant gene, PhyP, was cloned using degenerate PCR and thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of phytase activity and cloning of phytase gene from Pedobacter. PhyP belongs to beta-propeller phytase family and shares very low identity ( approximately 28.5%) with Bacillus subtilis phytase. The purified recombinant enzyme (r-PhyP) from Escherichia coli displayed high specific activity for sodium phytate of 24.4 U mg(-1). The optimum pH was 7.0, and the optimum temperature was 45 degrees C. The K (m), V (max), and k (cat) values were 1.28 mM, 71.9 micromol min(-1) mg(-1), and 45.1 s(-1), respectively. Compared with Bacillus phytases, r-PhyP had higher relative activity at 25 degrees C (r-PhyP (>50%), B. subtilis phytase (<8%)) and hydrolyzed phytate from soybean with greater efficacy at neutral pH. These characteristics suggest that r-PhyP might be a good candidate for an aquatic feed additive in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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Timmons J, Angel R, Harter-Dennis J, Saylor W, Ward N. Evaluation of Heat-Stable Phytases in Pelleted Diets Fed to Broilers from Day Zero to Thirty-Five During the Summer Months. J APPL POULTRY RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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48
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Kaur P, Kunze G, Satyanarayana T. Yeast Phytases: Present Scenario and Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 27:93-109. [PMID: 17578705 DOI: 10.1080/07388550701334519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytases hydrolyze phytates to liberate soluble and thus readily utilizable inorganic phosphate. Although phytases are produced by various groups of microbes, yeasts being simple eukaryotes and mostly non-pathogenic with proven probiotic benefits can serve as ideal candidates for phytase research. The full potential of yeast phytases has not, however, been exploited. This review focuses attention on the present status of knowledge on the production, characterization, molecular characteristics, and cloning and over-expression of yeast phytases. Several potential applications of the yeast phytases in feeds and foods, and in the synthesis of lower myo-inositol phosphates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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49
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Powers W, Angel R. A Review of the Capacity for Nutritional Strategies to Address Environmental Challenges in Poultry Production. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1929-38. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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50
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|